The invention relates to a high-speed laser three-dimensional scanning system. The system comprises a laser, a laser alignment unit, a laser shaping unit, a laser steering unit, a vertical scanning unit, a horizontal scanning unit, an echo receiving convergence and filtering unit, n array photoelectric detection units, n signal synchronous processing and transmission units and an upper data storage and computing unit, wherein the laser, the laser alignment unit, the laser shaping unit, the laser steering unit and the vertical scanning unit are orderly arranged on the horizontal scanning unit, the echo receiving convergence and filtering unit, the n array photoelectric detection units, the n signal synchronous processing and transmission units and the upper computer data storage and computing unit are connected in order. Compared with the prior art, for the high-speed laser three-dimensional scanning system, the efficiency of laser scanning is improved, so that the laser three-dimensional scanning system is more suitable for actual engineering application having strict requirements on the operation time, and can play the effect of reducing the cost and stabilizing the performance.