127 results about "Molybdenum trioxide" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of superfine molybdenum powder preparation, in particular to a preparation device and method for low-oxygen superfine molybdenum powder. The specific preparation device comprises a sublimation bin, a reaction area and a gas-solid separation bin which are sequentially connected, the reaction zone comprises a preheating zone, a reduction zone and a conversion zone; a part of the hydrogen pipeline and a part of the carbon monoxide pipeline are arranged in the preheating area; one end of the hydrogen pipeline extends to the reduction area and is used for providing preheated hydrogen and carrying out gas-phase reduction reaction on the preheated hydrogen and the gas-phase MoO3 subjected to heat preservation; one end of the carbon monoxide pipeline extends to the conversion area and is used for providing preheated carbon monoxide and reacting with water vapor to complete primary water vapor conversion; meanwhile, partial carbon monoxide is subjected to a disproportionation reaction to generate micro carbon powder, and the micro carbon powder and water vapor are subjected to a water gas reaction to complete secondary water vapor conversion. The problem that the oxygen content of existing superfine molybdenum powder prepared through gas-phase molybdenum trioxide reduction is too high is solved.

A production process of electronic grade molybdenum dichloride dioxide comprises the following steps: S1, pretreatment: contacting molybdenum trioxide with a dilute acid solution at a low temperature for pickling to remove alkaline impurities and soluble metal impurities adsorbed on the surface, and drying for later use after washing; s2, wet synthesis: in an inert gas atmosphere, reacting the molybdenum trioxide subjected to acid pickling in the step S1 with concentrated hydrochloric acid of which the mass is 4-5 times of that of the molybdenum trioxide at 80-100 DEG C, and after the reaction is finished, evaporating and concentrating in a high-temperature chlorine atmosphere to generate a crude product of dichloromolybdenum dioxide; s3, primary sublimation purification; s4, complexing and decomplexing purification; and S5, secondary sublimation purification: using a quartz sublimation tower to carry out vacuum sublimation on the secondary decomplexed molybdenum dichloride obtained in the step S34, and collecting sublimation condensate to obtain the electronic grade molybdenum dichloride. The final product purity of the production process is greater than or equal to 6N, and the process can be used for large-scale production.

The invention belongs to the technical field of photocatalysis and environmental governance, and particularly relates to a composite photocatalyst, in particular to a graphite-phase carbon nitride / molybdenum trioxide composite photocatalyst as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The method comprises the following steps: S1, dispersing ammonium heptamolybdate in deionized water, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 0.5 + / -0.3 by using sulfuric acid, stirring and centrifuging the formed system, and carrying out vacuum drying to obtain a molybdic acid precursor; s2, mixing melamine and the molybdic acid precursor, calcining the formed mixture, and naturally cooling to room temperature after calcining is finished, so as to obtain the composite photocatalyst. Tests prove that the prepared catalyst has excellent cycling stability, still keeps high catalytic activity after being recycled for multiple times, and has a good industrial application prospect.

This invention discloses a high-performance V-Mo-Ti-based low-temperature SCR denitration catalyst, using titanium dioxide as a support, with vanadium pentoxide and molybdenum trioxide loaded on the support as active components; wherein, based on the mass of the support, the loading of V₂O₅ is 1.0 wt%–3.0 wt%, and the vanadium element on the catalyst surface contains V 5+ and V 4+ The molar ratio is 3.0:1 to 4.0:1; the loading of MoO3 is 1 wt% to 5.5 wt%. Compared with conventional catalysts, this invention can significantly improve the denitrification activity and efficiency in the low-temperature range, with the K value increasing from 9.14 to 19.41. The raw materials used in this invention are inexpensive, the preparation method is simple, the reaction conditions are mild, and it can endow general catalysts with low-temperature catalytic ability, thus having good economic benefits.

The application relates to the technical field of molybdenum trioxide production, and particularly discloses a preparation method of high-purity molybdenum trioxide. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a complexing impurity removing agent by taking diatomite, citric acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium and tartaric acid as raw materials; dissolving industrial ammonium dimolybdate to obtain an ammonium molybdate solution, adding the impurity removing agent into the ammonium molybdate solution, complexing impurities under an acidic condition, and deeply removing the impurities through flocculation and precision filtration; adjusting the alkalinity of the filtrate, and cooling and crystallizing the filtrate to obtain high-purity ammonium molybdate; and finally performing program-controlled temperature calcination in an atmosphere with a specific oxygen content by using a quartz boat coated with a composite coating on the inner wall, so as to obtain high-purity molybdenum trioxide. The application combines multi-stage purification with an accurate calcination process, can efficiently remove impurities in raw materials, and has stable process flow; the obtained molybdenum trioxide product has high purity, good crystal morphology, good process stability and good industrialization prospect.

The application belongs to the technical field of semiconductor manufacturing, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an alpha-phase molybdenum trioxide film, a back-gate silicon-based field effect transistor and a preparation method thereof. A precursor is dispersed in an organic solvent to obtain a precursor solution, the precursor containing molybdenum elements and sulfur elements; the precursor solution is coated on a substrate surface to obtain a substrate with a precursor wet film; the substrate with the precursor wet film is sequentially heat-treated, subjected to first annealing treatment in a protective gas atmosphere, and subjected to second annealing treatment in an oxidizing atmosphere to obtain an alpha-phase molybdenum trioxide film. The alpha-phase molybdenum trioxide film obtained by the application has the characteristics of high film quality, excellent interface characteristics and high crystal phase purity, can form a high-quality, undamaged interface with a two-dimensional semiconductor channel as a gate dielectric layer material, and can realize ultra-thin EOT, thereby solving the problems of large leakage current and weak gate control capability of the FET in the prior art.

This molybdenum trioxide powder has a specific surface area, as measured using the BET method, of 100 mｍ2 / g-500 m2 / g. The molybdenum trioxide powder may have a median diameter D50 of 5-1000 nm, as determined using a dynamic light scattering method. The molybdenum trioxide powder may have a purity of 99 mass% or more. The molybdenum trioxide powder may include molybdenum trioxide having a β crystal structure.

The invention relates to a graphene-coated molybdenum dioxide nanorod composite material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The composite material is of a core-shell structure and takes a molybdenum dioxide nanorod as a core and a graphene layer as a shell; the graphene layer is formed by high-temperature carbonization of polyaniline, and the thickness of the graphene layer is 10-80 nm. The preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving a molybdenum source in a nitric acid aqueous solution for hydrothermal reaction to prepare a molybdenum trioxide nanorod precursor; dispersing the molybdenum trioxide nanorod precursor in an acidic solution, sequentially adding aniline and ammonium persulfate under a stirring condition, and reacting to obtain a polyaniline / molybdenum trioxide composite precursor; and drying the composite precursor, and carrying out high-temperature calcination to obtain the graphene-coated molybdenum dioxide nanorod composite material. Compared with the prior art, the composite material has the high conductivity of graphene and the chemical activity of molybdenum dioxide, and shows excellent removal efficiency and cycling stability on lead ions in the capacitive deionization process.

The application provides a molybdenum trioxide extraction method, and belongs to the field of extraction metallurgy. The molybdenum trioxide extraction method provided by the application comprises the following steps: vacuum smelting a molybdenum-containing material to obtain sublimates, and cooling the sublimates to obtain the molybdenum trioxide; the molybdenum content in the molybdenum-containing material is 37.42-46.31 wt%, and the oxygen content is 30.74-38.13 wt%; the temperature of the vacuum smelting is 880-1200 DEG C, and the vacuum degree is 0.47-10 Pa; and the cooling rate of the cooling is 5-10 DEG C / min. The molybdenum trioxide is obtained by decomposing molybdate in the molybdenum-containing material through vacuum smelting, and the original molybdenum trioxide in the molybdenum-containing material sublimates under high-temperature conditions to obtain high-purity molybdenum trioxide, thereby effectively improving the extraction efficiency of the molybdenum trioxide; and the extraction method is simple, the low-grade molybdenum-containing material is used as the raw material, the extraction cost is lower, and the environment is not polluted.

A molybdenum trioxide powder, which contains an aggregate of primary particles comprising a crystal structure of molybdenum trioxide, the crystal structure comprising α-crystals having an average crystallite size of 50 nm or less. The median particle diameter D50 of the primary particles, which is obtained by a dynamic light scattering method, is 2000 nm or less. 50 is 2000 nm or less.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a gasoline selective hydrogenation catalyst, which comprises the following steps: (1) adding a niobium-containing precursor into bottom water of a reactor, adding an aluminum salt solution and a precipitant in a parallel flow manner, carrying out gelling reaction, pulping molybdenum trioxide after gelling, carrying out aging reaction, and washing, filtering and drying an aging product to obtain modified alumina dry glue powder; (2) uniformly mixing the modified alumina dry glue powder, a peptizing agent and an extrusion aid, carrying out extrusion molding, drying and roasting to obtain a carrier, and carrying out vulcanization treatment; (3) carrying out saturated impregnation on the carrier vulcanized in the step (2) by using liquid olefin, and then carrying out closed heat treatment under a CO2 atmosphere condition with a certain concentration; and (4) impregnating the heat-treated material obtained in the step (3) with an impregnation liquid containing active metal Co, drying, roasting and vulcanizing to obtain the hydrodesulfurization catalyst. The catalyst disclosed by the invention has relatively high desulfurization activity and selectivity when being applied to a gasoline selective hydrogenation process.

The present application relates to a kind of low sulfur high performance fuel oil production device, it relates to fuel oil production technical field.Low sulfur modified residual oil, hydrogenation low sulfur raffinate are used as main raw material, auxiliary agent A, auxiliary agent B prepared by special oil device are matched, reaction conditions are accurately controlled through DCS system, low sulfur high performance marine fuel oil is prepared in low temperature mild environment;Device integrates vacuum deep pull and viscosity reduction cracking combined process, light fraction can be deep-processed into three kinds of base oil, etc.Additional value products, heavy fraction is reduced in viscosity by viscosity reduction cracking, and low-temperature fluidity is improved;Auxiliary agent B is prepared by dithiophosphoric acid, molybdenum trioxide, epoxy succinic acid polymer, 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, anhydrous toluene, phosphorous acid;Fuel oil prepared by the present application, sulfur content is lower, environmental protection is better, low-temperature fluidity is improved, and combustion efficiency is better.

A molybdenum trioxide powder contains an aggregate of primary particles having a β crystal structure of molybdenum trioxide. The molybdenum trioxide powder has a MoO3 content ratio of 99.6% or more measured by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and has an average particle diameter of the primary particles of 1 μm or less. A method for producing the above molybdenum trioxide powder includes vaporizing a molybdenum oxide precursor compound to form molybdenum trioxide vapor, and cooling the molybdenum trioxide vapor.

The application discloses a preparation method of a supported high-dispersion molybdenum phosphide catalyst, and comprises the following steps: S1, dissolving molybdenum acetylacetonate and ammonium hypophosphite in an aqueous solution of N,N-dimethylformamide to obtain an impregnation solution; S2, immersing a carrier in the impregnation solution, then drying and reducing to obtain a supported molybdenum phosphide catalyst. The hydrogenation activity and the hydrodesulfurization activity of the prepared molybdenum phosphide catalyst are higher than those of MoP catalysts prepared by a temperature programmed reduction method and a molybdenum trioxide reduction method with ammonium hypophosphite, and the molybdenum phosphide catalyst has very high hydrodesulfurization activity on p-benzothiophene.

The invention discloses a low-emission scratch-resistant polypropylene composite material and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of high polymer materials. The low-emission scratch-resistant polypropylene composite material is prepared from the following raw materials: polypropylene resin, functionalized molybdenum trioxide porous microspheres, mineral powder, a flexibilizer, an antioxidant and a light stabilizer. The organic siloxane is grafted to the functionalized molybdenum trioxide porous microspheres, and low-molecular substances such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and the like generated in the production process are adsorbed by utilizing the porous structures of the functionalized molybdenum trioxide porous microspheres, so that the odor of the material is reduced; and meanwhile, the grafted organosiloxane reduces the surface friction coefficient and provides lasting scratch resistance. The synthesis raw materials of the functionalized molybdenum trioxide porous microspheres are easy to purchase, economical, environment-friendly and efficient, and the production cost is reduced.

The application belongs to the field of catalytic material preparation, and particularly relates to a molybdenum-iron catalyst for methanol oxidation to formaldehyde with high reaction intensity and a preparation method thereof. The catalyst is prepared by the following steps: adding dry molybdenum trioxide powder and a ferric nitrate solution into a hydrothermal reactor, adding ammonia water into the hydrothermal reactor under stirring to control the pH value of the mixed solution; after uniform stirring, the hydrothermal reactor is sealed and placed into an oven for hydrothermal treatment, and then cooled to room temperature; the obtained precursor is filtered, dried and calcined to obtain the catalyst. The preparation method is simple in operation, low in production cost, small in environmental pollution, and does not require many auxiliary facilities. The hydrothermal treatment can strengthen the contact between the active center and the carrier, and the obtained catalyst is high in crystallinity, good in high-temperature stability, high in formaldehyde selectivity, and can be applied to the reaction condition of methanol oxidation to formaldehyde with high reaction intensity.

The invention provides a process for preparing molybdenum and tungsten oxyhalide compounds which are useful in the deposition of molybdenum and tungsten containing films on various surfaces of microelectronic devices. In the process of the invention, a molybdenum or tungsten trioxide is heated in either a solid state medium or in a melt-phase reaction comprising a eutectic blend comprising alkaline and / or alkaline earth metal salts. The molybdenum or tungsten oxyhalides thus formed may be isolated as a vapor and crystallized to provide highly pure precursor compounds such as MoO2Cl2.

The invention discloses a two-dimensional semiconductor p-type field effect transistor based on transition metal oxide contact and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of semiconductor micro-nano electronic devices, and the preparation method comprises the steps: forming a single-layer tungsten diselenide on a substrate as a channel layer; defining pattern windows of a source electrode and a drain electrode on the surface of the channel layer to form an electrode region and a non-electrode region; sequentially depositing molybdenum trioxide and gold on the pattern windows of the source electrode and the drain electrode by adopting a thermal evaporation process to form a molybdenum trioxide / gold composite electrode structure; and removing the photoresist and sediments above a non-electrode region through a stripping process to prepare the two-dimensional semiconductor p-type field effect transistor based on transition metal oxide contact. The preparation of the high-performance two-dimensional semiconductor p-type field effect transistor is realized by introducing the ultrahigh work function molybdenum trioxide as the buffer layer and combining a mild process.

The application belongs to the technical field of bulletproof ceramic preparation, and provides a boron carbide bulletproof ceramic material and a preparation method thereof; first, molybdenum trioxide is subjected to reduction treatment in a hydrogen atmosphere to prepare reduced molybdenum dioxide; second, boron carbide, the reduced molybdenum dioxide and an additive in a specific proportion are mixed with a solvent, uniformly mixed through a ball milling process, and then subjected to vacuum drying and sieving treatment to prepare a uniform mixed powder; the mixed powder is subjected to unidirectional pressure cold pressing preforming, and the green body is further improved in density through cold isostatic pressing; the green body is subjected to gradient temperature sintering, sequentially experiences a reduction activation stage and a densification stage, realizes a high densification structure of the ceramic material, and finally, the sintered body is subjected to hot isostatic pressing treatment, further optimizes the internal structure of the material, improves the density and mechanical properties, and is suitable for the field of bulletproof materials.

The application discloses a MoS2 / Cu2S / MoO3 ternary composite material, wherein MoS2 nanoflowers are uniformly distributed on snowflake-shaped Cu2S, and MoO3 is distributed on the surface of the MoS2 nanoflowers. The application further discloses a preparation method of the MoS2 / Cu2S / MoO3 ternary composite material, which comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing a copper source, a solvent, a sulfur source and MoS2, and then performing reaction to obtain the MoS2 / Cu2S / MoO3 ternary composite material. The application discloses application of the MoS2 / Cu2S / MoO3 ternary composite material in electrocatalysis, photocatalytic degradation and surface enhanced Raman spectrum detection. The application can not only perform electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution in an alkaline environment, but also realize high-sensitivity SERS detection and high-efficiency photocatalytic degradation on various dyes in actual water bodies.

The invention relates to a silicate glass comprising 35 to 45% by weight of silica (SiO2), up to 15% by weight of molybdenum trioxide (MoO3), 4 to 7% by weight of zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), 1 to 3.5% by weight of phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5), and 14 to 28% by weight of one or more alkali metal oxides and / or one or more alkaline earth metal oxides, with respect to the total weight of the glass. The invention also relates to a method for increasing the solubility of molybdenum in a glass melt.

The invention belongs to the technical field of desulfurization catalysts, and particularly relates to an oxygen vacancy-rich molybdenum-based desulfurization catalyst as well as a preparation method and application thereof. According to the molybdenum-based desulfurization catalyst rich in oxygen vacancies, cerium dioxide is used as a carrier, molybdenum trioxide is used as an active component, and the carrier and the active component are connected through Mo-O-Ce bonds to form a uniform cerium-molybdenum composite oxide MoO3 / CeO2. The catalyst comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.79 to 0.81 part of cerium dioxide and 0.15 to 0.35 part of molybdenum trioxide. The oxygen vacancy enrichment means that the relative content of oxygen vacancies is at. 25%-35 at.%. According to the molybdenum-based desulfurization catalyst rich in oxygen vacancies, the 35-min desulfurization rate can reach 100% under the conditions that the temperature is 60 DEG C and the oxygen-sulfur ratio is 5. The desulfurization rate of the molybdenum-based desulfurization catalyst rich in oxygen vacancies can reach up to 90.63% after the reaction is performed for 1 h and 9 times of circulation.

The invention relates to the technical field of high polymer materials, and particularly discloses a high-flame-retardant modified polyvinyl chloride cable material and a preparation method thereof.The high-flame-retardant modified polyvinyl chloride cable material is prepared from chlorinated polyvinyl chloride, a heat stabilizer, chlorinated polyethylene, nitrogen-phosphorus-bromine epoxy resin, ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol, a synergist and a plasticizer; wherein the nitrogen-phosphorus-bromine epoxy resin is prepared by sequentially reacting brominated epoxy resin with a phosphoric acid-containing compound and a nitrogen-containing compound, and three flame-retardant elements of bromine, phosphorus and nitrogen are integrated into the same macromolecular skeleton through covalent bonds. According to the invention, the nitrogen-phosphorus-bromine epoxy resin is compounded with the molybdenum trioxide and the zinc-aluminum layered double hydroxides, so that a multi-synergistic mechanism of'gas-phase quenching-condensed-phase charring-thermal stabilization-smoke suppression 'is constructed, and the generation of toxic smoke is effectively inhibited while the excellent flame-retardant property is realized. The compatibility of all the components is good, and the obtained composite material has excellent mechanical properties and electrical insulation properties and remarkably improved thermal weight loss and aging-resistant stability.

This application discloses a semiconductor structure based on molybdenum metal lines and a method for manufacturing the same, comprising: sequentially forming a front dielectric layer, a molybdenum metal layer, and a mask on a substrate; through the mask, performing a first plasma dry etching on the molybdenum metal layer at a first temperature using a mixed gas containing oxygen, chlorine, and hydrocarbon gases to form molybdenum metal lines on the front dielectric layer; removing the mask, and at a second temperature, oxidizing the sidewall surface of the molybdenum metal lines using an oxidizing gas to generate a molybdenum trioxide layer; at a third temperature, dissolving and removing the molybdenum trioxide layer using an alkaline solution; repeating the process of generating and dissolving the molybdenum trioxide layer to reduce the surface roughness of the sidewalls; the second temperature is above 150°C and below 250°C, and the first and third temperatures are lower than the second temperature. This application can obtain a vertical sidewall morphology and improve the surface roughness of the sidewalls.

The application provides a catalyst for methanol oxidation to formaldehyde, a preparation method and application thereof, and the catalyst comprises an active component and a carrier, the carrier is silicon carbide, and the active component is molybdenum trioxide and lanthanum oxide. The application can effectively improve the crushing strength and thermal conductivity of the catalyst, no "three wastes" are discharged in the preparation process, the catalyst has extremely high formaldehyde selectivity and yield, can meet the requirements of the existing "air excess method" methanol oxidation to formaldehyde process, and the proportion of molybdenum trioxide in the catalyst is low, and the catalyst has the advantages of low cost.

The invention discloses a reactor for a sodium ion positive electrode material with high thermal shock resistance and a preparation method, and belongs to the technical field of reactors, the reactor comprises the following raw materials by weight: 20-30% of cordierite, 2-10% of talcum powder, 20-22% of mullite, 18-20% of tabular corundum, 12-18% of activated alumina, 4-8% of molybdenum trioxide, 5-6% of Guangxi white mud, 3-10% of an alumina silicate fiber fabric, and 4-8% of a binder; the binding agent is an aluminum dihydrogen phosphate solution with the concentration of 60%, and the aluminum silicate fiber fabric is subjected to high-temperature cracking treatment. According to the invention, by regulating and controlling the particle size ratio of cordierite to mullite, a compact network skeleton structure is formed in a reactor matrix, the stacking density and strength are optimized, the thermal stress is effectively dispersed, and cracks and spalling caused by temperature shock in a high-temperature repeated use process are reduced, so that the thermal shock stability of the reactor is improved.

The present disclosure addresses the problem of providing a method for producing molybdenum trioxide in which the Sb content is reduced. A method for producing molybdenum trioxide comprises a step for mixing a starting material comprising a molybdenum compound or a hydrate thereof with chlorine gas, hydrogen chloride, or a chloride, and a step for heating the resulting mixture at a temperature of 70 DEG C or higher. Furthermore, a method for producing molybdenum trioxide comprises a step for mixing a raw material comprising molybdenum trioxide, ammonium molybdate, or a hydrate thereof with ammonium chloride, and a step for heating the resulting mixture at a temperature of 180 DEG C or higher.

The application provides a molybdenum-copper composite coiled material for a heat sink and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of molybdenum-copper composite heat sink materials. The method adopts ammonium heptamolybdate for heat preservation in three temperature zones, which is beneficial to the growth of molybdenum trioxide, and generates coarse and loose molybdenum trioxide; the coarse and loose molybdenum trioxide is reduced to obtain very fine molybdenum powder; the ultra-fine molybdenum powder is mixed with a copper-containing solution to obtain a solid-liquid mixture, and then the solid-liquid mixture is reduced in hydrogen to obtain uniform molybdenum-copper powder, so that the material organization is more uniform; and the ultra-fine molybdenum powder is easier to sinter due to the larger surface activity, and can be sintered to be dense at a lower sintering temperature; the application also adopts polyformaldehyde, polyethylene, styrene-butadiene-styrene and other high molecular organic substances as binders, so that the obtained heat sink material has better fluidity when being pressed into a shape, is easy to be removed in the debinding stage, and almost has no residue, and can obtain molybdenum-copper heat sink material with better size precision and better density.

To provide a method for producing molybdenum trioxide powder that can reduce material costs and decrease the environmental burden and disposal costs associated with the disposal of by-products generated by calcination. [Solution] The manufacturing method comprises: a first calcination step S11 in which a first raw material mixture containing a molybdenum oxide precursor compound and metal compound particles other than the molybdenum compound is placed in a sheath and calcined; a first cooling step S12 to generate molybdenum trioxide powder; a first crushing step S13 to crush the residue containing metal oxides derived from the metal compound particles remaining in the sheath to form first crushed particles; a second calcination step S21 in which a second raw material mixture containing a molybdenum oxide precursor compound and the first crushed particles is placed in a sheath and calcined; a second cooling step S22 to generate molybdenum trioxide powder; and a second crushing step S23 to crush the residue containing metal oxides derived from the first crushed particles remaining in the sheath to form second crushed particles.

Provided are bismuth vanadate particles containing molybdenum and having an average particle size of 5 μm or less. In the bismuth vanadate particles, it is preferable that the content of molybdenum (M1) in terms of molybdenum trioxide relative to 100 mass% of the bismuth vanadate particles, which is determined by XRF analysis of the bismuth vanadate particles, is 0.001 mass% to 10 mass%. In the bismuth vanadate particles, it is preferable that the content of molybdenum in terms of molybdenum trioxide relative to 100 mass% of the surface layer of the bismuth vanadate particles, which is determined by XPS surface analysis of the bismuth vanadate particles, is 0.1 mass% to 30 mass%.