Efficient ditch digging excavator

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of excavators, in particular to an efficient ditch opening excavator which comprises an excavator body, an excavator arm and a ditch opening mechanism. The ditch opening mechanism comprises a top plate, a back plate, two side plate assemblies installed at the left end and the right end of the top plate, a driving assembly correspondingly driving the side plate assemblies to rotate, a sliding assembly arranged on the rear side of the back plate in an up-down sliding mode, and two bottom plate assemblies symmetrically hinged to the left side and the right side of the sliding assembly, and the free ends of the bottom plate assemblies abut against the bottoms of the side plate assemblies in a rotating fit mode. The top plate, the two sets of side plate assemblies, the two sets of bottom plate assemblies and the back plate form the big-end-up trapezoidal excavator bucket used for ditching, ditching is conducted under driving of an excavator, after one-time excavation is completed and the excavator bucket is lifted, the two sets of bottom plate assemblies and the two sets of side plate assemblies rotate in sequence, and then a discharging channel with discharging ports located in the two sides of a ditch is formed; the technical problem that in the prior art, soil in a trapezoidal ditch is difficult to discharge is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of excavators, and in particular to a high-efficiency ditching excavator. Background Art

[0002] Agricultural planting has basically entered the era of mechanized operations. The use of mechanized equipment instead of manual labor in agricultural production activities has not only reduced people's workload, but also greatly improved work efficiency, bringing great progress to my country's agricultural production reform.

[0003] At present, the transformation or renovation of old farmland ditches requires the ditches to be re-dug, and there are mainly the following problems: 1. The trencher is expensive to manufacture and use; 2. Ordinary excavator buckets are inefficient in digging trapezoidal ditches; 3. After the excavation is completed, the soil inside the existing trapezoidal bucket is difficult to discharge. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a high-efficiency ditch digging excavator, which forms a trapezoidal bucket with a larger top and a smaller bottom for digging ditches through a top plate, two groups of side plate assemblies, two groups of bottom plate assemblies and a back plate, and ditches are dug under the drive of the excavator. After completing an excavation, the bucket is lifted, and the two groups of bottom plate assemblies and the two groups of side plate assemblies are rotated successively to form a dropping channel with discharge ports located on both sides of the ditch, and the soil falls to both sides of the ditch, solving the technical problem that the soil inside the trapezoidal ditch is difficult to discharge in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: An efficient trenching excavator includes an excavator, wherein the excavator includes a machine body and a machine arm, and further includes a trenching mechanism arranged at a free end of the machine arm, wherein the trenching mechanism includes: A top plate connected to the machine arm; A back plate, the back plate being fixedly mounted on the rear side of the top plate; A side panel mechanism, the side panel mechanism comprising side panel assemblies hingedly mounted on the left and right ends of the top panel and a driving assembly corresponding to driving the side panel assemblies to rotate; A bottom plate mechanism, the bottom plate mechanism comprising a sliding assembly slidably arranged on the rear side of the back plate, and two groups of bottom plate assemblies symmetrically hingedly installed on the left and right sides of the sliding assembly and with free ends abutting against and rotating against the bottom of the side plate assembly; The top plate, two sets of the side plate assemblies and two sets of the bottom plate mechanisms form a trenching bucket on the front side of the back plate that is consistent with the contour of the back plate; The sliding assembly drives the two groups of bottom plate assemblies to move upward, and the two groups of bottom plate assemblies press against the bottom of the corresponding side plate assemblies and start to rotate. Then the two groups of side plate assemblies rotate, and the bottom of the bottom plate assembly disengages from the bottom of the side plate assembly, and a material drop channel is formed between the two, and the discharge port of the material drop channel is located outside the ditch.

[0006] As an improvement, the outer contour of the back plate is a trapezoid that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom.

[0007] As an improvement, the side panel assembly includes a side panel body, a right-angle plate arranged at the top of the side panel body, a horizontal plate arranged at the bottom of the side panel body and used for the bottom panel assembly to abut against, two sets of hinge seats arranged above the top panel, a hinge block arranged on the side panel body and cooperating with the hinge seats, and a fan-shaped plate arranged perpendicular to the side panel body and located on the rear side of the back panel.

[0008] As an improvement, the drive assembly includes a mounting seat a arranged above the top plate, a mounting seat b arranged on the side plate body, a cylinder a whose bottom is rotatably mounted on the mounting seat a and whose end of the power output shaft is rotatably mounted on the mounting seat b, and a protective cover a arranged on the top plate and located in front of the cylinder a.

[0009] As an improvement, the sliding assembly includes a guide groove vertically penetrating the middle position of the back plate, a sliding block slidably arranged in the guide groove, a mounting seat c arranged on the rear side of the back plate, and a cylinder b installed on the mounting seat c and with the end of the power output shaft connected to the sliding block.

[0010] As an improvement, the base plate assembly includes a blocking rod vertically installed below the back plate, a base plate unit that is telescopically arranged and contactable with the blocking rod, and a limiting unit that limits the telescopic length of the base plate unit.

[0011] As an improvement, the bottom plate unit includes an intermediate plate that can be contacted with the baffle rod, an upper plate that passes through the intermediate plate and is rotatably mounted on the sliding block, and a lower plate that passes through the other end of the intermediate plate relative to the upper plate and whose free end can be in contact with the bottom of the side plate assembly.

[0012] As an improvement, the limit unit includes limit blocks a arranged on the upper and lower sides of both ends of the middle plate, limit blocks b arranged on the upper and lower sides of one end of the upper plate located in the middle plate, limit blocks c arranged on the upper and lower sides of one end of the lower plate located in the middle plate, limit blocks d arranged on the lower plate and capable of abutting against the end of the middle plate, and limit blocks e arranged on the upper plate and capable of abutting against the end of the middle plate; the limit blocks b and the limit blocks c are clearance-matched with the inner wall of the middle plate, and the upper plate and the lower plate are clearance-matched with the limit block a.

[0013] As an improvement, the mass of the upper plate is less than the mass of the middle plate and less than the mass of the lower plate.

[0014] As an improvement, in the initial state, both ends of the middle plate are in contact with the limit block d and the limit block e.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) In the present invention, the top plate, two sets of side plate assemblies, two sets of bottom plate assemblies and the back plate form a trapezoidal bucket for digging ditches, which is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom, thereby improving the efficiency of digging ditches. In addition, a right-angle plate for pressing and flattening the upper edge of the ditch is provided on the top of the side plate body, thereby making the soil ditch more beautiful and facilitating the laying of prefabricated ditches and the pouring of concrete ditches. (2) In the present invention, after completing one excavation, the excavator body does not need to be rotated to move the trapezoidal bucket to the outside of the ditch for soil discharge. Instead, the trapezoidal bucket body only needs to be lifted, and the bottom plate assembly and the side plate assembly are rotated successively to form two symmetrical discharge channels with discharge ports on both sides of the ditch. Then, the soil is discharged to both sides of the ditch through the discharge channels, thus avoiding the technical problem of soil accumulation on one side of the ditch in the prior art. (3) In the present invention, the soil is discharged to both sides of the ditch, and the excavated soil is simply sorted manually to reinforce the two side walls of the ditch and improve the strength of the ditch; (4) In the present invention, when the bottom plate assembly and the side plate assembly rotate successively to form a material discharge channel, the angle between the side plate assembly and the top plate is an obtuse angle, and a cone angle is formed between the two groups of bottom plates, so that a dead angle exists inside the trenching bucket, which is conducive to the discharge of soil; (5) In the present invention, the two groups of bottom plate assemblies rotate under the drive of the sliding assembly, and then the two groups of side plate assemblies rotate under the drive of the corresponding driving assembly. The bottom plate assembly disengages from the bottom of the side plate assembly and swings downward to contact the gear lever. At this time, the bottom plate assembly will vibrate, which can shake off the soil and facilitate the discharge of the soil, making the ditching bucket cleaner and improving the efficiency of the next excavation.

[0016] In summary, the present invention has the advantages of clever structure, high ditching efficiency and high soil discharge efficiency, and is particularly suitable for the field of excavator technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 Diagram of the structure of the ditch opening mechanism Figure 1 ; Figure 3 Diagram of the structure of the ditch opening mechanism Figure 2 ; Figure 4 Diagram of the structure of the ditch opening mechanism Figure 3 ; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 6 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of point B in the middle; Figure 7 Working status diagram of trenching structure Figure 1 ; Figure 8 Working status diagram of trenching structure Figure 2 ; Fig. 9 Working status diagram of trenching structure Figure 3 ; Fig.10 Working state of trenching structure Figure 4 ; Fig.11 It is the cross-sectional view of the bottom plate unit; Fig.12 This is a diagram of the ditching state of the ditching mechanism.

[0018] In the figure: 1, excavator, 11, machine body, 12, machine arm, 100, material dropping channel, 2, ditching mechanism, 21, top plate, 22, side plate mechanism, 221, side plate assembly, 2211, side plate body, 2212, right angle plate, 2213, cross plate, 2214, hinge seat, 2215 hinge block, 2216, fan plate, 222, drive assembly, 2221, mounting seat a, 2222, mounting seat b, 2223, oil cylinder a, 2224, protective cover a, 23, bottom plate mechanism, 2 31. Sliding assembly, 2311. Guide groove, 2312. Sliding block, 2313. Mounting seat c, 2314. Cylinder b, 232. Bottom plate assembly, 2321. Gear lever, 2322. Bottom plate unit, 23221. Middle plate, 23222. Upper plate, 23223. Lower plate, 2323. Limiting unit, 23231. Limiting block a, 23232. Limiting block b, 23233. Limiting block c, 23234. Limiting block d, 23235. Limiting block e, 24. Back plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0021] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0022] Example: like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a high-efficiency trenching excavator includes an excavator 1, wherein the excavator 1 includes a body 11 and an arm 12, and further includes a trenching mechanism 2 disposed at a free end of the arm 12, wherein the trenching mechanism 2 includes: A top plate 21, wherein the top plate 21 is connected to the machine arm 12; A back plate 24, wherein the back plate 24 is fixedly mounted on the rear side of the top plate 21; The side panel mechanism 22 includes a side panel assembly 221 hingedly mounted on the left and right ends of the top panel 21 and a driving assembly 222 correspondingly driving the side panel assembly 221 to rotate; The bottom plate mechanism 23 includes a sliding assembly 231 slidably arranged at the rear side of the back plate 24, and two sets of bottom plate assemblies 232 symmetrically hingedly installed on the left and right sides of the sliding assembly 231 and with free ends abutting against and rotating against the bottom of the side plate assembly 221; The top plate 21, the two sets of the side plate assemblies 221 and the two sets of the bottom plate mechanisms 23 form a trenching bucket on the front side of the back plate 24 that is consistent with the contour of the back plate 24; The sliding assembly 231 drives the two groups of the bottom plate assemblies 232 to move upward, and the two groups of the bottom plate assemblies 232 press against the bottom of the corresponding side plate assemblies 221 and start to rotate. Then the two groups of the side plate assemblies 221 rotate, and the bottom plate assemblies 232 are disengaged from the bottom of the side plate assemblies 221, and a material drop channel 100 is formed between the two correspondingly, and the discharge port of the material drop channel 100 is located outside the ditch.

[0023] It is particularly important to note that Fig.12 As shown, the trenching bucket of the present invention is mainly used for renovation or reconstruction of old ditches. The soil of old ditches is often relatively soft, and the excavation amount is moderate, which is convenient for the use of the trenching bucket.

[0024] Further, such as Figures 2 to 4 As shown, the outer contour of the back plate 24 is a trapezoid that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom.

[0025] It should be noted that, since the shape of the ditch is a trapezoid that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom, the shape of the trenching bucket in the present invention is a trapezoid that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom.

[0026] Further, such as Figure 4 and 5 As shown, the side panel assembly 221 includes a side panel body 2211, a right-angle plate 2212 arranged on the top of the side panel body 2211, a horizontal plate 2213 arranged at the bottom of the side panel body 2211 and used for the bottom panel assembly 232 to abut, two groups of hinge seats 2214 arranged above the top panel 21, a hinge block 2215 arranged on the side panel body 2211 and cooperating with the hinge seat 2214, and a fan-shaped plate 2216 arranged perpendicular to the side panel body 2211 and located on the rear side of the back panel 24.

[0027] It should be noted that if Figures 2 to 5 As shown, the hinge seat 2214 and the hinge block 2215 are connected by a rotating shaft, and the right-angle plate 2212 is used to shape and reshape the upper edge of the ditch, so that the upper edge of the ditch is smoother, the ditch is more beautiful and is also conducive to the laying of prefabricated ditches and the pouring of concrete ditches.

[0028] Furthermore, the driving assembly 222 includes a mounting seat a2221 arranged above the top plate 21, a mounting seat b2222 arranged on the side plate body 2211, a cylinder a2223 whose bottom is rotatably mounted on the mounting seat a2221 and whose end of the power output shaft is rotatably mounted on the mounting seat b2222, and a protective cover a2224 arranged on the top plate 21 and located in front of the cylinder a2223.

[0029] It should be noted that if Fig. 9As shown, the oil cylinder a2223 drives the side panel body 2211 to rotate. When the side panel body 2211 rotates to the final position, the angle between the side panel body 2211 and the top panel 21 is an obtuse angle, thereby ensuring that no mud will remain at the angle between the side panel body 2211 and the top panel 21.

[0030] What needs to be explained more is that Figure 8 As shown, the fan-shaped plate 2216 can effectively prevent the soil from leaking out from the rear side of the back plate 24 when the side plate body 2211 rotates; in order to prevent the soil from leaking out from the front side of the bucket, the bucket can be manipulated by the arm 12 to tilt slightly backward, and after the material dropping channel 100 is formed, the bucket is turned to a vertical state to facilitate the discharge of soil.

[0031] It is worth mentioning that Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the protective cover a2224 can prevent mud from contaminating the oil cylinder a2223.

[0032] Further, such as Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, the sliding assembly 231 includes a guide groove 2311 vertically penetrating through the middle position of the back plate 24, a sliding block 2312 slidably arranged in the guide groove 2311, a mounting seat c2313 arranged on the rear side of the back plate 24, and a cylinder b2314 installed on the mounting seat c2313 and with the end of the power output shaft connected to the sliding block 2312.

[0033] It should be noted that, since the oil cylinder b2314 is located at the rear side of the back plate 24 and is in a vertical position, mud is not easy to contaminate the oil cylinder b2314.

[0034] It is also necessary to explain that, because the digging bucket of the present invention is used in the application scenario and the digging amount is moderate, the soil leaking from the guide groove 2311 has no influence on the digging process.

[0035] Further, such as Fig.11 As shown, the bottom plate assembly 232 includes a blocking rod 2321 vertically installed below the back plate 24, a bottom plate unit 2322 that is telescopically arranged and contactable with the blocking rod 2321, and a limiting unit 2323 that limits the telescopic length of the bottom plate unit 2322.

[0036] It should be noted that the limiting unit 2323 is used to ensure that the structure inside the retractable bottom plate unit 2322 does not become out of engagement.

[0037] Further, such as Fig.11As shown, the bottom plate unit 2322 includes an intermediate plate 23221 which can be contacted with the blocking rod 2321, an upper plate 23222 which is passed through the intermediate plate 23221 and rotatably mounted on the sliding block 2312, and a lower plate 23223 which is passed through the other end of the intermediate plate 23221 relative to the upper plate 23222 and whose free end can be contacted with the bottom of the side plate assembly 221.

[0038] It should be noted that when the sliding assembly 231 drives the bottom plate assembly 232 to rotate, the free end of the lower plate 23223 is located at the angle between the transverse plate 2213 and the side plate body 2211 .

[0039] What needs to be explained more is that Figure 8 As shown, when the bottom plate unit 2322 is disengaged from the bottom of the side plate body 2211, the bottom plate unit 2322 rotates downward, the middle plate 23221 contacts the blocking rod 2321, and the bottom plate unit 2322 vibrates, which is beneficial to the discharge of soil.

[0040] Further, such as Fig.11 As shown, the limit unit 2323 includes limit blocks a23231 arranged on the upper and lower sides of both ends of the middle plate 23221, limit blocks b23232 arranged on the upper and lower sides of one end of the upper plate 23222 located in the middle plate 23221, limit blocks c23233 arranged on the upper and lower sides of one end of the lower plate 23223 located in the middle plate 23221, limit blocks d23234 arranged on the lower plate 23223 and capable of abutting against the end of the middle plate 23221, and limit blocks e23235 arranged on the upper plate 23222 and capable of abutting against the end of the middle plate 23221; the limit blocks b23232 and the limit blocks c23233 are clearance-matched with the inner wall of the middle plate 23221, and the upper plate 23222 and the lower plate 23223 are clearance-matched with the limit block a23231.

[0041] It should be noted that the limit block b23232 and the limit block c23233 cooperate with the limit block a23231 to prevent the upper plate 23222 and the lower plate 23223 from falling out of the middle plate 23221.

[0042] It should be further explained that the limit block d23234 and the limit block e23235 are used to limit the position of the middle plate 23221 in a horizontal state.

[0043] It is worth mentioning that Fig.11As shown, the limit block d23234 and the limit block e23235 are arranged below the corresponding lower plate 23223 and the upper plate 23222 in order not to affect the discharge of soil.

[0044] Furthermore, the mass of the upper plate 23222 is less than the mass of the middle plate 23221 and less than the mass of the lower plate 23223 .

[0045] It should be noted that if Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the mass distribution of the three is conducive to the lower plate 23223 being able to move downward quickly and extend to the outside of the ditch after the side plate body 2211 is disengaged, and when the sliding block 2312 moves upward, only the upper plate 23222 extends.

[0046] Further, such as Fig.11 As shown, in the initial state, both ends of the middle plate 23221 are in contact with the limit block d23234 and the limit block e23235.

[0047] It should be noted that, during resetting, the sliding assembly 231 first drives the bottom plate unit 2322 to rotate to the horizontal, and then the side plate body 2211 rotates and resets, and the side plate body 2211 contacts the end of the lower plate 23223, pushing the lower plate 23223 and the middle plate 23221 back, and under the action of the limit block d23234 and the limit block e23235, the upper plate 23222, the lower plate 23223 and the middle plate 23221 return to their initial positions.

[0048] Working process: like Figures 7 to 10As shown, after the excavation is completed, the trapezoidal bucket is lifted and the opening is slightly tilted upward, and then the oil cylinder b2314 drives the sliding block 2312 to move upward, thereby driving the two groups of the bottom plate units 2322 to rotate, and the upper plate 23222 extends out of the middle plate 23221, and the upper limit block a23231 conflicts with the limit block b23232, and then the oil cylinder a2223 drives the side plate body 2211 to rotate, and the bottom of the side plate body 2211 disengages from the lower plate 23223, and the bottom plate unit 2322 rotates downward, and at the same time, the lower plate 23223 quickly extends downward, and the middle plate 23221 rotates and conflicts with the baffle rod 2321, and the lower limit block a23231 conflicts with the limit block c23233, and then the material dropping channel 100 is A trapezoidal bucket is formed between the bottom plate unit 2322 and the side plate body 2211, and then the trapezoidal bucket swings to a vertical position, and the soil falls from the drop channel 100 to both sides of the ditch. After the soil is unloaded, the cylinder b2314 drives the sliding block 2312 to move downward, and the bottom plate unit 2322 rotates to a horizontal state, and then the cylinder a2223 drives the side plate body 2211 to reset, and then the side plate body 2211 contacts the bottom of the lower plate 23223, and the lower plate 23223 is retracted into the middle plate 23221, and the limit block d23234 contacts the end of the middle plate 23221 and pushes the middle plate 23221 to move, and finally the end of the middle plate 23221 contacts the limit block e23235, thereby forming a trapezoidal bucket again.

[0049] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An efficient trenching excavator, comprising an excavator (1), wherein the excavator (1) comprises a body (11) and an arm (12), characterized in that: It also includes a ditch opening mechanism (2) arranged at the free end of the machine arm (12), the ditch opening mechanism (2) comprising: A top plate (21), the top plate (21) being connected to the machine arm (12); A back plate (24), the back plate (24) being fixedly mounted on the rear side of the top plate (21); A side panel mechanism (22), the side panel mechanism (22) comprising side panel components (221) hingedly mounted on left and right ends of the top panel (21) and a drive component (222) correspondingly driving the side panel components (221) to rotate; A bottom plate mechanism (23), the bottom plate mechanism (23) comprising a sliding assembly (231) slidably arranged on the rear side of the back plate (24) up and down, and two groups of bottom plate assemblies (232) symmetrically hingedly mounted on the left and right sides of the sliding assembly (231) and with free ends abutting against and rotating against the bottom of the side plate assembly (221); The top plate (21), the two sets of the side plate assemblies (221) and the two sets of the bottom plate mechanisms (23) form a trenching bucket on the front side of the back plate (24) that is consistent with the contour of the back plate (24); The sliding assembly (231) drives the two groups of bottom plate assemblies (232) to move upward, and the two groups of bottom plate assemblies (232) start to rotate against the bottom of the corresponding side plate assemblies (221). Then, the two groups of side plate assemblies (221) rotate, and the bottom of the bottom plate assemblies (232) and the side plate assemblies (221) are disengaged, and a material drop channel (100) is formed between the two correspondingly, and the discharge port of the material drop channel (100) is located outside the ditch.

2. A high-efficiency trenching excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer contour of the back plate (24) is a trapezoid that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom.

3. The high-efficiency trenching excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side panel assembly (221) comprises a side panel body (2211), a right-angle plate (2212) arranged at the top of the side panel body (2211), a horizontal plate (2213) arranged at the bottom of the side panel body (2211) and used for the bottom panel assembly (232) to abut, two sets of hinge seats (2214) arranged above the top panel (21), a hinge block (2215) arranged on the side panel body (2211) and cooperating with the hinge seat (2214), and a fan-shaped plate (2216) arranged perpendicular to the side panel body (2211) and located on the rear side of the back panel (24).

4. The high-efficiency trenching excavator according to claim 3, characterized in that: The driving assembly (222) comprises a mounting seat a (2221) arranged above the top plate (21), a mounting seat b (2222) arranged on the side plate body (2211), a cylinder a (2223) whose bottom is rotatably mounted on the mounting seat a (2221) and whose end of the power output shaft is rotatably mounted on the mounting seat b (2222), and a protective cover a (2224) arranged on the top plate (21) and located in front of the cylinder a (2223).

5. The high-efficiency trenching excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding assembly (231) comprises a guide groove (2311) vertically penetrating and opening in the middle of the back plate (24), a sliding block (2312) slidably arranged in the guide groove (2311), a mounting seat c (2313) arranged at the rear side of the back plate (24), and a cylinder b (2314) mounted on the mounting seat c (2313) and having an end of a power output shaft connected to the sliding block (2312).

6. The high-efficiency trenching excavator according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom plate assembly (232) comprises a blocking rod (2321) vertically mounted below the back plate (24), a bottom plate unit (2322) that is telescopically arranged and contactable with the blocking rod (2321), and a limiting unit (2323) that limits the telescopic length of the bottom plate unit (2322).

7. The high-efficiency trenching excavator according to claim 6, characterized in that: The bottom plate unit (2322) comprises an intermediate plate (23221) that can be arranged in contact with the blocking rod (2321), an upper plate (23222) that is inserted into the intermediate plate (23221) and rotatably mounted on the sliding block (2312), and a lower plate (23223) that is inserted into the other end of the intermediate plate (23221) relative to the upper plate (23222) and whose free end can contact the bottom of the side plate assembly (221).

8. The high-efficiency trenching excavator according to claim 7, characterized in that: The limiting unit (2323) comprises limiting blocks a (23231) arranged on upper and lower sides of both ends of the middle plate (23221), limiting blocks b (23232) arranged on upper and lower sides of one end of the upper plate (23222) located inside the middle plate (23221), limiting blocks c (23233) arranged on upper and lower sides of one end of the lower plate (23223) located inside the middle plate (23221), and limiting blocks 23233 arranged on the lower plate (23223) and adjacent to the middle plate. The end of the intermediate plate (23221) can abut against a limit block d (23234) and a limit block e (23235) which is arranged on the upper plate (23222) and can abut against the end of the intermediate plate (23221); the limit block b (23232) and the limit block c (23233) are clearance-matched with the inner wall of the intermediate plate (23221), and the upper plate (23222) and the lower plate (23223) are clearance-matched with the limit block a (23231).

9. The high-efficiency trenching excavator according to claim 7, characterized in that: The mass of the upper plate (23222) is less than the mass of the middle plate (23221) and less than the mass of the lower plate (23223).

10. The high-efficiency trenching excavator according to claim 8, characterized in that: In the initial state, two ends of the middle plate (23221) are in contact with the limit block d (23234) and the limit block e (23235).

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