Atriplex canescens seedling culture method and method for improving soil by using Atriplex canescens seedlings

Abstract

The invention discloses an atriplex canescens seedling raising method. The method comprises the steps of seed treatment and planting management. By means of the scheme, worm eggs and germs parasitized in the seeds are removed, seed development and maturation are promoted, the germination rate and the yield are increased, the influence of adverse climate can be avoided, meanwhile, the disinfection nutrient solution is used for providing nutrition and secondary disinfection for the seeds, germ poison is further avoided, then the closed greenhouse is used in the seedling raising process, and the seedling raising cost is reduced. The growing environment of seedlings in the seedling raising process is effectively protected, the greenhouse is gradually opened after the seedlings grow to a certain plant height, the seedlings are made to gradually adapt to the plateau environment, and the seedling raising survival rate is further increased. The invention further provides a soil improvement method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of planting technology, and in particular to a method for raising seedlings of Atriplex canescens, Atriplex canescens seedlings and a method for improving soil by using the Atriplex canescens seedlings. Background Art

[0002] Atriplexcanescens (Pursh) Nutt. is an evergreen or quasi-evergreen shrub belonging to the genus Atriplex of the Chenopodiaceae family. It is native to the Midwestern United States and is an excellent fodder shrub that is drought-resistant, cold-resistant, barren-resistant, and salt-alkali-resistant and rich in nutrients. Atriplexcanescens has extremely strong drought- and barren-resistant characteristics. It can still grow normally in barren areas with an annual rainfall of less than 350 mm, an annual average temperature of about 5°C, or even in extreme minimum temperatures of -40°C. Atriplexcanescens has a well-developed root system and has a good soil fixation effect, which can effectively reduce soil and water loss in the cultivation area. Atriplexcanescens is known as a "biological desalinator". Under high-salt soil conditions, it can still maintain its normal growth while secreting a large amount of absorbed salt out of the body, thereby effectively reducing the salt content of the soil. In short, Atriplex canescens is an excellent pioneer tree species that not only provides a good soil foundation for the survival and succession of other plants on poor soils, but also promotes the recovery of vegetation in soil-degraded areas. Therefore, it can serve as an effective biological barrier to prevent the spread of wind and sand in desertified areas with harsh ecological conditions.

[0003] However, the planting of Atriplex canescens in the whole country is below 2,800 meters from the seaside, and the highest planting height of Atriplex canescens in the local standard of Qinghai Province is 3,150 meters above sea level. Using the original Atriplex canescens seed germination treatment technology, the germination rate of Atriplex canescens in high-altitude areas is very low. This has caused great difficulties for the introduction of Atriplex canescens in high-altitude areas such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in my country. Based on this, it is necessary to propose a seedling cultivation method of Atriplex canescens to solve the problem of planting Atriplex canescens in high-altitude areas. Summary of the invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for cultivating Atriplex canescens at high altitudes, as well as Atriplex canescens seedlings and a method for improving soil using the Atriplex canescens seedlings.

[0005] Technical solution: A method for raising seedlings of Atriplex canescens, comprising:

[0006] S10: Seed treatment, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S101: Collect and select Atriplex canescens seeds and expose them to the sun for 2-4 months;

[0008] S102: Naturally ripen the seeds obtained in S101, and the ripening time is 10-14 months;

[0009] S103: sterilizing and disinfecting the seeds obtained in S102, and soaking them in a sterilized nutrient solution for 24-48 hours;

[0010] S20: Planting management, including the following steps:

[0011] S201: digging holes in a closed greenhouse and sowing the seeds obtained in step S103, and covering with sand;

[0012] S202: After the seeds germinate and grow to 25 cm, gradually open the greenhouse within a week;

[0013] S203: When the sprout height reaches 30 cm, the lignified Atriplex canescens seedlings are obtained.

[0014] Furthermore, in the step S103, before the seeds obtained in S102 are sterilized and disinfected, the following steps are also included:

[0015] The seeds obtained by S102 are exposed to the sun for 20-30 hours.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S201, holes are opened in a closed greenhouse and the seeds obtained in step 103 are sown in the holes, which specifically includes:

[0017] The hole size is 1.5±0.5cm in diameter, 1.5-2cm in depth, with a north-south spacing of 10±2cm and an east-west spacing of 5±1cm.

[0018] Furthermore, during step S20, temperature and humidity management is performed to maintain the temperature in the greenhouse at 23±2°C and the humidity at 85±5%.

[0019] Furthermore, in step S202, after the seeds germinate and grow to 25 cm, the greenhouse is gradually opened within one week, specifically including:

[0020] The area of ​​the greenhouse newly opened every day is the same.

[0021] Furthermore, after step S20, the method further includes:

[0022] S30: Asexual cuttings, comprising the following steps:

[0023] S301: selecting a branch plant grown in the current year from a one-year-old Atriplex canescens seedling as a cutting, removing the buds, cutting off the leaves, and leaving 3-4 leaves;

[0024] S302: Soak the cuttings in the nutrient solution for 0.5-2 hours, with the immersion depth not exceeding 2 cm from the bottom of the cuttings;

[0025] S303: laying a culture soil layer on the soil plot to be planted, including a gravel layer, a humus layer and a fine sand layer laid in sequence from bottom to top, and inserting the cuttings obtained in step S302 into the culture soil layer, with an insertion depth of not less than 2 cm;

[0026] S304: Controlling the temperature and humidity and managing pests and diseases on the cuttings in step S303 until the asexual cuttings of Atriplex canescens are completed after at least 40 days.

[0027] A method for improving soil using Atriplex canescens seedlings, comprising the following steps:

[0028] (1) Pretreatment of Elymus dahuri seeds: The seeds were treated with a microwave at 150 W for 40 seconds and then immersed in a sterilized nutrient solution for 20-30 hours;

[0029] (2) digging holes on the hardened and saline soil, with a hole size of 30±3 cm in depth and 25±2 cm in diameter, transplanting single Atriplex canescens seedlings cultivated as described above into the holes, and arranging them into multiple rows with a row spacing of 50±10 cm and a hole spacing of 30±5 cm;

[0030] (3) One month after transplanting, dig furrows between the rows with a width of 10-30 cm, sow Elymus seeds treated in step (1) in the furrows, and then backfill.

[0031] Furthermore, after step (2), the method further comprises the following steps:

[0032] (2a) watering the transplanted Atriplex canescens seedlings with water to establish roots, with an interval of 1-2 days and continuing for one week;

[0033] (2b) watering the Atriplex canescens seedlings and Elymus dahliae seeds after step (3) to allow them to take root and applying nitrogen fertilizer.

[0034] Furthermore, the sterilization nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-1.5 parts of gibberellin, 1-1.5 parts of salicylic acid, and 1-1.5 parts of indoleacetic acid.

[0035] Beneficial effects: Through the above scheme, the seeds of Atriplex canescens are exposed to the sun, the parasitic eggs and pathogens in the seeds are removed, and the seeds are naturally ripened, which can promote seed development and maturity, and increase germination rate and yield. It can also avoid the influence of adverse climate. At the same time, disinfected nutrient solution is used to provide nutrition and secondary disinfection for the seeds to further avoid pathogenic bacteria. Then, a closed greenhouse is used in the seedling raising process to effectively protect the growth environment of the seedlings during the seedling raising process, and the greenhouse is gradually opened after the seedlings grow to a certain plant height, so that the seedlings gradually adapt to the plateau environment and further improve the survival rate of the seedlings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] It should be noted that the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that ordinary technicians in the field can implement it.

[0038] Embodiment 1:

[0039] Embodiment 1 of the method for raising seedlings of Atriplex canescens of the present invention comprises S10 seed treatment and S20 planting management.

[0040] S10: Seed treatment, comprising the following steps:

[0041] S101: Collect and select Atriplex canescens seeds for exposure to the sun for 2 months. In the present invention, in order to cultivate Atriplex canescens for cultivation in plateau areas such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the exposure conditions should also be selected in plateau areas such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Because the ultraviolet rays in plateau areas are strong, they have a strong disinfection and sterilization effect, so there is no need to provide any auxiliary disinfection means. By exposing to the sun, no external equipment is required, and the planting cost is also lower.

[0042] S102: The seeds obtained in S101 are naturally ripened for 14 months; natural ripening of seeds can promote seed development and maturity, increase germination rate and yield, and avoid the impact of adverse climate.

[0043] S103: sterilize and disinfect the seeds obtained in S102, and soak them in a sterilized nutrient solution for 24 hours; use the sterilized nutrient solution to provide nutrition and secondary sterilization for the seeds, and further avoid pathogenic bacteria. Specifically, the sterilized nutrient solution is any existing sterilized nutrient solution including ingredients such as hydrogen peroxide, APT-6 and other nutrients, and the present invention will not elaborate on this.

[0044] S20: Planting management, including the following steps:

[0045] S201: digging holes in a closed greenhouse and sowing the seeds obtained in step S103 in the holes, and covering the holes with sand; then using the closed greenhouse during the seedling raising process to effectively protect the growth environment of the seedlings during the seedling raising process.

[0046] S202: After the seeds germinate and grow to 25 cm, the greenhouse is gradually opened within one week; after the seedlings grow to a certain plant height, the greenhouse is gradually opened to allow the seedlings to gradually adapt to the plateau environment and further improve the survival rate of the seedlings.

[0047] S203: When the sprout height reaches 30 cm, the lignified Atriplex canescens seedlings are obtained, which can be transplanted as seedlings and have economic value.

[0048] Furthermore, in the step S103, before the seeds obtained in S102 are sterilized and disinfected, the following steps are also included:

[0049] The seeds obtained by S102 were exposed to the sun for 20 hours.

[0050] Furthermore, in step S201, holes are opened in a closed greenhouse and the seeds obtained in step 103 are sown in the holes, which specifically includes:

[0051] The hole size is 1.5±0.5cm in diameter, 1.5-2cm in depth, with a north-south spacing of 10±2cm and an east-west spacing of 5±1cm.

[0052] Furthermore, during step S20, temperature and humidity management is performed to maintain the temperature in the greenhouse at 23±2°C and the humidity at 85±5%.

[0053] Further, in step S202, after the seeds germinate and grow to 25 cm, the greenhouse is gradually opened within a week, specifically including: the newly opened area of ​​the greenhouse is the same every day. By adding the same area of ​​the greenhouse opening area every day, the greenhouse is opened at a uniform speed every day, so that the four-winged Atriplex canescens can obtain uniform conditions for exchanging with the plateau environment, which is more conducive to the four-winged Atriplex canescens adapting to the plateau environment and having a higher survival rate.

[0054] Embodiment 2:

[0055] This embodiment is different from Embodiment 1 in that:

[0056] S101: Collect and select Atriplex canescens seeds and expose them to the sun for 4 months.

[0057] S102: The seeds obtained in S101 are naturally ripened for 10 months;

[0058] And in the step S103, before the seeds obtained in S102 are sterilized and disinfected, the following step is also included: the seeds obtained in S102 are exposed to the sun for 30 hours.

[0059] Embodiment 3:

[0060] This embodiment is different from Embodiment 1 in that:

[0061] S101: Collect and select Atriplex canescens seeds and expose them to the sun for 3 months.

[0062] S102: The seeds obtained in S101 are naturally ripened for 12 months;

[0063] And in the step S103, before the seeds obtained in S102 are sterilized and disinfected, the following step is also included: the seeds obtained in S102 are exposed to the sun for 25 hours.

[0064] Embodiment 4:

[0065] In this embodiment, the difference from the embodiment 1 is that after the step S20, the following is further included:

[0066] S30: Asexual cuttings, comprising the following steps:

[0067] S301: selecting a branch plant grown in the current year from a one-year-old Atriplex canescens seedling as a cutting, removing the buds, cutting off the leaves, and leaving 3-4 leaves;

[0068] S302: Soak the cuttings in the nutrient solution for 0.5-2 hours, with the immersion depth not exceeding 2 cm from the bottom of the cuttings;

[0069] S303: laying a culture soil layer on the soil plot to be planted, including a gravel layer, a humus layer and a fine sand layer laid in sequence from bottom to top, and inserting the cuttings obtained in step S302 into the culture soil layer, with an insertion depth of not less than 2 cm;

[0070] S304: Controlling the temperature and humidity and managing pests and diseases on the cuttings in step S303 until the asexual cuttings of Atriplex canescens are completed after at least 40 days.

[0071] Through asexual cuttings, the advantages of the bred four-winged Atriplex canescens variety can be retained to the greatest extent, and it has more complete variety characteristics and advantages.

[0072] Embodiment 5:

[0073] The present embodiment is different from the embodiment 4 in that: S302: soaking the cuttings in the nutrient solution for 2 hours.

[0074] Embodiment 6:

[0075] The present embodiment is different from the embodiment 4 in that: S302: soaking the cuttings in the nutrient solution for 1 hour.

[0076] 600 Atriplex quadrangularis seeds were selected, 200 of which were cultured according to Examples 2-3, and another 400 were cultured according to Example 1. Then 300 of them were cultured according to Examples 4-6 respectively. The above 6 examples were cultured and the table recorded was as follows:

[0077] Table 1: Statistics of Atriplex canescens planting

[0078] Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Survival rate 98％ 99％ 100％ 94％ 95％ 96％

[0079] Embodiment 7:

[0080] The present invention also provides a method for improving soil using Atriplex canescens seedlings, comprising the following steps:

[0081] (1) Pretreatment of Elymus dahuri seeds: The seeds were treated with a microwave at 150 W for 40 seconds and then immersed in a sterilized nutrient solution for 20 hours;

[0082] (2) digging holes on the hardened and saline soil plot, the hole size is 30±3 cm in depth and 25±2 cm in diameter, transplanting single four-winged Atriplex canescens seedlings as described in Example 1 or 2 into the holes, and arranging them into multiple rows with a row spacing of 50±10 cm and a hole spacing of 30±5 cm;

[0083] (3) One month after transplanting, dig furrows between the rows with a width of 10-30 cm, the specific furrow width being determined according to the plant diameter of Atriplex quadrapene, and sow the seeds of Elymus salsa treated in step (1) in the furrows, and then backfill. Preferably, sufficient base fertilizer, such as ammonium nitrate, can be applied in the furrows. The seeds must be deawned before sowing.

[0084] Elymus dahliae has strong adaptability, is drought-resistant, cold-resistant, alkali-resistant, and wind-resistant, and can survive in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It also has the functions of slope protection, soil and water conservation, and sand fixation. It can also be mixed with Atriplex cannabinoides and harvested as high-quality feed. Atriplex cannabinoides is used to desalinate the soil during its continuous growth process, providing a low-salt environment for the growth of Elymus dahliae. In the later stage of growth, the roots of Elymus dahliae are used to fix nitrogen, providing nitrogen for the growth of Atriplex cannabinoides. On the other hand, the roots of Elymus dahliae penetrate the soil compaction layer, providing channels for deep water infiltration and gas exchange, thereby promoting the reproduction of soil microorganisms and ultimately achieving the purpose of biological improvement.

[0085] Furthermore, after step (2), the method further comprises the following steps:

[0086] (2a) watering the transplanted Atriplex canescens seedlings with water to establish roots, with an interval of 1-2 days and continuing for one week;

[0087] (2b) watering the Atriplex canescens seedlings and Elymus dahliae seeds after step (3) to allow them to take root and applying nitrogen fertilizer.

[0088] Furthermore, the sterilization nutrient solution comprises the following components by mass: 1 part of gibberellin, 1 part of salicylic acid, and 1.5 parts of indoleacetic acid. Gibberellin is used for sterilization, while salicylic acid and indoleacetic acid are used for promoting cell division and growth, thereby improving the efficiency of seed rooting and germination.

[0089] Embodiment 8:

[0090] In this embodiment, the difference from embodiment 7 is that: (1) the Elymus dahliae seeds are pretreated: the Elymus dahliae seeds are treated with a microwave at a power of 150 W for 50 seconds and then immersed in a sterilized nutrient solution for 30 hours;

[0091] Furthermore, the sterilization nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1.5 parts of gibberellin, 1 part of salicylic acid, and 1 part of indoleacetic acid.

[0092] Embodiment 9:

[0093] In this embodiment, the difference from embodiment 7 is that: (1) the Elymus dahliae seeds are pretreated: the Elymus dahliae seeds are treated with a microwave at a power of 150 W for 60 seconds and then immersed in a sterilizing nutrient solution for 25 hours;

[0094] Furthermore, the sterilization nutrient solution includes the following components in parts by weight: 1.25 parts of gibberellin, 1.25 parts of salicylic acid, and 1.25 parts of indoleacetic acid.

[0095] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for raising seedlings of Atriplex canescens, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S10: Seed treatment, comprising the following steps: S101: Collect and select Atriplex canescens seeds and expose them to the sun for 2-4 months; S102: Naturally ripen the seeds obtained in S101, and the ripening time is 10-14 months; S103: sterilizing and disinfecting the seeds obtained in S102, and soaking them in a sterilized nutrient solution for 24-48 hours; S20: Planting management, including the following steps: S201: digging holes in a closed greenhouse and sowing the seeds obtained in step S103, and covering with sand; S202: After the seeds germinate and grow to 25 cm, gradually open the greenhouse within a week; S203: When the sprout height reaches 30 cm, the lignified Atriplex canescens seedlings are obtained.

2. The method for raising seedlings of Atriplex canescens according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S103, before the seeds obtained in S102 are sterilized and disinfected, the following steps are also included: The seeds obtained by S102 are exposed to the sun for 20-30 hours.

3. The method for raising seedlings of Atriplex canescens according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S201, holes are opened in a closed greenhouse and the seeds obtained in step 103 are sown in the holes, which specifically includes: The hole size is 1.5±0.5cm in diameter, 1.5-2cm in depth, with a north-south spacing of 10±2cm and an east-west spacing of 5±1cm.

4. The method for raising seedlings of Atriplex canescens according to claim 1, characterized in that: During step S20, temperature and humidity management is performed to maintain the temperature in the greenhouse at 23±2°C and the humidity at 85±5%.

5. The method for raising seedlings of Atriplex canescens according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S202, after the seeds germinate and grow to 25 cm, the greenhouse is gradually opened within a week, which specifically includes: The area of ​​the greenhouse newly opened every day is the same.

6. The method for raising seedlings of Atriplex canescens according to claim 1, characterized in that: After step S20, the method further includes: S30: Asexual cuttings, comprising the following steps: S301: selecting a branch plant grown in the current year from a one-year-old Atriplex canescens seedling as a cutting, removing the buds, cutting off the leaves, and leaving 3-4 leaves; S302: Soak the cuttings in the nutrient solution for 0.5-2 hours, with the immersion depth not exceeding 2 cm from the bottom of the cuttings; S303: laying a culture soil layer on the soil plot to be planted, including a rotten gravel layer, a culture soil layer and a fine sand layer laid in sequence from bottom to top, and inserting the cuttings obtained in step S302 into the culture soil layer, with an insertion depth of not less than 2 cm; S304: Controlling the temperature and humidity and managing pests and diseases on the cuttings in step S303 until the asexual cuttings of Atriplex canescens are completed after at least 40 days.

7. A method for improving soil using Atriplex canescens seedlings, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Pretreatment of Elymus dahuri seeds: The seeds were treated with a microwave at 150 W for 40 seconds and then immersed in a sterilized nutrient solution for 20-30 hours; (2) digging holes on a hardened and salinized soil plot, the hole size being 30±3 cm in depth and 25±2 cm in diameter, transplanting a single Atriplex canescens seedling obtained by the method of any one of claims 1 to 6 into the hole, and arranging them into multiple rows with a row spacing of 50±10 cm and a hole spacing of 30±5 cm; (3) One month after transplanting, dig furrows between the rows with a width of 10-30 cm, sow Elymus seeds treated in step (1) in the furrows, and then backfill.

8. The method for improving soil using Atriplex canescens seedlings according to claim 7, characterized in that: After step (2), the method further comprises the following steps: (2a) watering the transplanted Atriplex canescens seedlings with water to establish roots, with an interval of 1-2 days and continuing for one week; (2b) watering the Atriplex canescens seedlings and Elymus dahliae seeds after step (3) to allow them to take root and applying nitrogen fertilizer.

9. The method for improving soil using Atriplex canescens seedlings according to claim 7, characterized in that: The sterilization nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-1.5 parts of gibberellin, 1-1.5 parts of salicylic acid, and 1-1.5 parts of indoleacetic acid.