Countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor

Abstract

The invention relates to a countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor without valve control, which is characterized in that periodic countercurrent detonation shock waves are automatically generated by utilizing a static mechanical structure, and the generated detonation shock waves are shock waves with controllable and adjustable high-temperature, high-pressure and high-speed conditions; the stable and controllable detonation shock waves can be generated by utilizing the thermodynamic characteristics of the detonation shock waves without precise valve control and ignition time sequence control, and the bottleneck of technical development of a high-speed shock wave engine used by a high-speed aircraft can be solved; and the other application is to remove the harmfulness of flammable and explosive gases and safely treat the high-concentration VOCs waste gas treatment trouble which is not solved for hundreds of years in petrochemical and chemical industries. The main structure of the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor without valve control comprises a group of detonation shock wave reactor pipes containing detonation promoters, wherein each detonation shock wave reactor pipe is composed of a plurality of reducing pipe sections, expanding pipe sections and straight pipe sections which are connected in series; a boiling heat transfer strengthening structure is arranged on the outer surface of the detonation shock wave reactor tube; a plurality of gas reactant dispersion feeding pipes capable of providing gas mixing and stopping counter-current detonation shock waves extend into the detonation reactor pipe; the invention discloses an anti-detonation flame preventer. A plurality of groups of ignition devices are arranged on the straight pipe section of the detonation shock wave reactor pipe; and a detonation wave discharge pipe and a secondary vortex air jacket are arranged at the downstream of the straight pipe section of the detonation shock wave reactor pipe.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention is a valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor, which utilizes a static mechanical structure to automatically generate periodic countercurrent detonation shock waves, and the generated detonation shock waves are controllable and adjustable shock waves with high temperature, high pressure and high speed conditions; the present invention utilizes the thermodynamic characteristics of detonation shock waves, and can generate stable and controllable detonation shock waves without precise valve control and ignition timing control, which can solve the bottleneck of the development of high-speed shock wave engine technology used in high-speed aircraft; another application is to remove the harmfulness of flammable and explosive gases and safely deal with the high-concentration VOCs waste gas treatment problem that has not been solved for a century in the petrochemical and chemical industries. Background Art

[0002] Detonation refers to a gas mixture of combustible gas and an appropriate amount of air or oxygen, which exists in a container. When the gas mixture is ignited at a certain point in the container, the flame surface will move rapidly toward the fuel supply source, which is called "deflagration". If the flame continues to move forward and combines with the compression wave in front of it to generate a shock wave, the combustion propagation speed will suddenly increase, making its speed above the speed of sound and tend to be stable. This phenomenon is called "detonation", and the reaction area where this local compression produces shock waves is called a detonation shock wave. Detonation shock waves have the characteristics of high temperature (up to 2000℃ or more), high speed (up to 1000 meters per second or more), and high pressure (up to 3.0-5.0 MPa or more). After the detonation shock wave passes, the chemical composition of the gas mixture changes due to the high temperature and high pressure. If this detonation shock wave hits a substance, it will not only give a strong impact pressure and high temperature in a very short time, but also produce mechanical damage.

[0003] Research on gas deflagration and detonation began in the late 19th century, but most of the research focused on explosion prevention, disaster prevention, weapons, explosives, explosions and blasting engineering. In recent years, some research has focused on using the supersonic characteristics of detonation shock waves to develop supersonic high-speed aircraft or various weapon applications. In 2012, Zhang Rongxing used this detonation technology to apply for a patent for a high-temperature shock wave reactor (Taiwan Patent I448657, China Invention Patent ZL 2012 1 0143533.6), and applied this patented technology to the treatment of flammable and explosive flare gas and high-concentration organic VOCs waste gas (Taiwan Patent I504844, China Invention Patent ZL 2012 1 0548700.5). However, when the invention technology of Zhang Rongxing's Taiwan Patent I448657 and China Invention Patent ZL 2012 1 0143533.6 is implemented, there will be problems such as limited operating range and subcool boiling high-frequency noise caused by surface cooling; in addition, Taiwan Patent I448657 has risks in use for high-concentration organic waste gas in the explosion range containing oxygen inside the combustible gas reactant. Taiwan Patent I448657 and China Invention Patent ZL 2012 1 0143533.6 use metal static stirring turbulent flow devices to create turbulent mixing in the detonation tube, but this static stirring turbulent flow device is easily damaged under the repeated impact of high-temperature detonation shock waves. In order to solve this type of use risk, a valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor of the present invention is proposed. A detonation shock wave reactor tube is composed of a plurality of serially connected reduced diameter pipe sections, expanded diameter pipe sections and straight pipe sections, and turbulent mixing conditions are created by utilizing changes in flow space. Then, multiple gas feeding pipes that can provide gas mixing and terminate the countercurrent detonation shock wave are utilized, and a flame prevention device is provided inside the gas feeding pipe to optimize the mixing conditions of the combustible gas and air or oxygen, and the gas feeding pipe itself has a flame prevention function, so that the restrictive conditions for the operation of the equipment are reduced, and a detonation high-temperature shock wave can be stably generated under various working conditions, so that the combustible gas reactant undergoes an oxidation reaction. In addition, the outer surface of the detonation shock wave reactor tube is processed into a porous structure, and the porous structure is utilized to provide a surface boiling enhancement function. Once a detonation shock wave is generated, the detonation shock wave reactor tube is instantly heated up rapidly, and the porous structure on the surface of the detonation shock wave reactor tube can be utilized to instantly and comprehensively generate bubbles to form surface boiling, thereby eliminating the high-frequency noise generated by the instantaneous high-temperature surface sub-cold boiling of the detonation shock wave reactor tube caused by the detonation shock wave.

[0004] The main difference between gas deflagration and detonation and general combustion chemical reactions is that deflagration and detonation propagate forward in the form of reaction waves at a certain speed and proceed automatically; the energy of the combustion reaction is transferred to the unburned reactants through heat conduction, thermal radiation and diffusion of combustion gas products; and detonation uses the powerful impact compression effect of the explosion shock wave to transfer energy to the unburned reactants.

[0005] The combustion reaction used in traditional VOCs waste gas treatment technology usually has a transmission speed lower than the speed of sound, ranging from several millimeters (mm) per second to several meters (m) per second, and its flame energy density is low, about one hundred millionth of the detonation reaction; in recent years, due to the need for energy conservation and carbon reduction, the industry has tried to use combustion technology in closed containers to treat flare gas with rapid changes in concentration and flow rate, or petrochemical emergency exhaust gas, or high-concentration VOC exhaust gas. As a result, the invested equipment often encounters instantaneous flameout, flashback, or explosion accidents, and the probability of accidents is almost 100%. This technical difficulty has been difficult to solve for more than a hundred years since the petrochemical industry was established; therefore, the petrochemical industry uses high-altitude torches to assist in natural gas emission combustion in the air when facing flare gas with rapid changes in concentration and flow rate, or petrochemical emergency exhaust gas, or high-concentration VOC exhaust gas, and uses a large amount of steam gas to force the combustion flame to spread to treat this flammable and explosive exhaust gas. This treatment operation is one of the most serious sources of pollution emissions in the petrochemical industry.

[0006] The traditional combustion process has a slow propagation speed (about 1 to 4 m / s), and is easily affected by external conditions, especially environmental pressure and gas flow rate, resulting in flameout, flashback and other accidents. The detonation technology used in the present invention has a propagation speed of the detonation shock wave in the detonation process that is much greater than the speed of sound, and its speed is generally as high as several thousand meters per second. For example, the explosion shock wave speed of hydrogen (20%) in the air can reach 1,700 meters per second. Since the transmission speed of the explosion shock wave of the detonation is extremely fast and is almost unaffected by external conditions, its detonation speed is a fixed constant under certain conditions. Therefore, in the face of the difficult processing situation of rapid changes in VOCs exhaust gas concentration and rapid changes in flow in the industry, the use of traditional combustion processes is prone to flameout and explosion accidents; the use of detonation technology can effectively and safely provide a proper solution.

[0007] The present invention uses the detonation theory to create a countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor that does not require the use of valves for precise timing control, that is, can properly use the detonation technology to perform chemical reactions. The invented countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor without valve control can continuously generate gas countercurrent detonation shock waves, and continuously perform chemical reactions using the high temperature, high pressure, and high speed characteristics of the detonation shock wave. It can be effectively applied to the semiconductor industry's perfluorinated compound PFCs waste gas treatment, VOC waste gas treatment, high temperature gasification of oil or organic solids, activated carbon manufacturing, artificial nano-diamond manufacturing, nano-material manufacturing, nano-fuel cell manufacturing, and other wide applications. This technology can also be applied to valveless pulse detonation engines (Valveless Pulse Detonation Engine). Summary of the invention

[0008] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor, comprising: a group of detonation shock wave reactor pipes containing a detonation accelerator, which is composed of a plurality of serially connected reduced diameter pipe sections, expanded diameter pipe sections and straight pipe sections; a heat transfer enhancement structure is provided on the outer surface of the detonation shock wave reactor pipe; a plurality of gas reactant dispersion feed pipes capable of providing gas mixing and terminating the countercurrent detonation shock wave; a flame arrester; a plurality of ignition devices installed in the straight pipe section of the detonation shock wave reactor pipe; a detonation wave discharge pipe installed downstream of the straight pipe section of the detonation shock wave reactor pipe; and a secondary vortex air jacket.

[0009] For the study of gas detonation, most of the emphasis in the past was on the generation and application of the explosive energy of detonation, or on how to prevent the destructive force generated by the explosive energy. Therefore, previous studies have adopted co-current detonation in which the feeding and ignition belong to the same direction. In order to control the generation of co-current detonation, the gas supply needs to adopt a semi-batch feeding method, and the procedure is: open the combustible gas fuel feeding valve and the combustion air feeding valve, so that the combustible gas fuel and a certain ratio of combustion air enter the detonation reaction chamber and are fully mixed, close the gas fuel feeding valve and the combustion air feeding valve, ignite the mixed gas, make the mixed gas produce detonation, make the detonation chamber heat up and pressurize, open the exhaust valve to exhaust the detonation wave, close the exhaust valve, and then open the combustible gas fuel feeding valve and the combustion air feeding valve again, and repeat the above feeding, ignition, detonation, exhaust semi-batch feeding procedure. Since the speed of the detonation wave is as high as more than one kilometer per second, assuming that the length of the detonation shock wave reactor tube is 1 to 2 meters, that is to say, the valve switching control must be completed in less than 1 ms, and the ignition timing control also needs to be precisely controlled to start and complete the moment the valve is closed. This fast and synchronous control constitutes a bottleneck in the development of high-temperature shock engine technology. Therefore, currently only a few national research and development units have successfully developed basic detonation engine technology.

[0010] According to the results of literature and patent searches, to date, except for the above-mentioned invention patent of Zhang Rongxing (Taiwan Patent I448657, China Invention Patent ZL 2012 1 0143533.6), there are no other technical reports and research on the use of continuous detonation technology for chemical reactions, and no other valve-free countercurrent detonation technology has been disclosed.

[0011] The present invention allows the position where the combustible gas is fed and the position where the mixed gas is ignited to be located at the two ends of the detonation shock wave reactor respectively, and the gas flow and the detonation shock wave are carried out in opposite directions. Therefore, the combustible gas reactants and chemical reactants can be fed continuously, and through the distributed multiple gas reactant dispersion feeding pipes that can provide gas mixing and terminate the countercurrent detonation shock wave and the combustion air are respectively transported into the detonation shock wave reactor tube composed of a plurality of serially connected reduced diameter pipe sections, expanded diameter pipe sections and straight pipe sections, the combustible gas fuel and the combustion air are mixed through the mixing wave nodes formed by the multiple serially connected reduced diameter pipe sections and expanded diameter pipe sections to promote the occurrence of detonation; the combustible gas and the combustion air mixture of a certain ratio will be fully mixed through the mixing wave nodes formed by the reduced diameter pipe sections and the expanded diameter pipe sections, and when the mixed gas flows to the position of the multiple groups of ignition devices at the downstream end of the straight pipe section, it will be ignited by the points that continuously generate plasma sparks. When the ignition device is ignited, it will drive the flame to chase the fuel and advance in the countercurrent direction toward the gas fuel feed end. After passing through the mixing wave node formed by the reduced diameter pipe section and the expanded diameter pipe section, the intense mixing promotes the generation of detonation, completely burns the combustible gas in the reactor and generates a detonation shock wave. When the supersonic high-pressure wave front of the detonation shock wave reaches the position of multiple combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipes that can provide gas mixing and terminate the countercurrent detonation shock wave, the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipes extend into the interior of the detonation shock wave reactor tube. The countercurrent detonation shock wave will instantly pass over the outlet end of the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe due to its high-speed advancement, causing the energy supply in front of the detonation shock wave to be lost, and the flame is extinguished by the shock pressure of the detonation shock wave; then the high-pressure detonation shock wave expands adiabatically due to the lack of energy replenishment, and the reaction products in the detonation shock wave reactor tube are discharged out of the impact nozzle. During this process, the feeding of combustible gas reactants and air / oxidant / auxiliary agents can be continued, continue to move along the flow direction of the reactor, reach the ignition position, and repeat the process of feeding, ignition, detonation, and flameout. This is an innovative approach to use the physical characteristics of detonation to perform continuous detonation and provide high-temperature and high-pressure reaction conditions; the detonation shock wave reactor designed using this method has been repeatedly tested by the inventor on the actual machine to confirm that the detonation shock wave frequency, detonation pressure and reaction temperature can be successfully and effectively regulated, and there is no safety concern in operation. It has been verified that the high-concentration VOCs waste gas generated by petrochemical plants can be effectively destroyed and treated, and the destruction and removal efficiency can reach more than 99.9%. Taking an actual verification example as an example, the waste gas from a rubber plant with a source gas concentration of up to 18% (180,000 ppm) was treated by a countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor without valve control, and the VOCs emission value was about 12 ppm, and the destruction efficiency reached 99.9%.

[0012] According to detonation theory, the required pipe length for the conversion from combustion to detonation in a pipe is related to the pipe diameter, pipe wall roughness, and obstacles. Usually, the required pipe length is about 60 to 72 times the pipe diameter. When the detonation technology is applied to the reactor design, if the high-concentration VOCs waste gas flow rate to be treated is large and a larger pipe diameter is intended to be used, the pipe length requirement will be difficult to apply in practice. The present invention uses a detonation shock wave reactor tube composed of a plurality of serially connected reduced diameter pipe sections, expanded diameter pipe sections, and straight pipe sections as a detonation accelerator in the detonation shock wave reactor to increase the turbulence of the gas in the reactor and effectively shorten the length required for the gas to produce the detonation phenomenon in the metal reactor tube, making the design and operation of the detonation shock wave reactor simple and controllable, and the feed amount of the combustible gas reactants and chemical reactants of the detonation shock wave reactor is no longer limited.

[0013] The application scope of the present invention includes: the treatment of harmful waste gases such as perfluorinated compounds, high-concentration organic waste gases, volatile organic waste gases, etc. in semiconductor and other industrial processes, for example: the treatment of waste gases such as SiH4, CF4, CHF3, C2F6, NF3, etc.; as well as VOC waste gas treatment, high-temperature gasification of oil products or organic solids, activated carbon manufacturing, artificial nano-diamond manufacturing, nano-material manufacturing, nano-fuel cell manufacturing, etc. Since the instantaneous high temperature, high pressure, and high speed conditions of detonation are used to replace the traditional energy-consuming high-temperature heating and pressurization procedures, the purpose of energy conservation can be significantly achieved. In addition, the present invention can also be applied to impact detonation engines and used as propulsion engines for ultra-high-speed aircraft. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 An embodiment of a countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor without valve control of the present invention is shown;

[0015] Figure 2 The steps of using the valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor of the present invention are shown.

[0016] Reference numerals:

[0017] 1. Countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor without valve control;

[0018] 10. Combustible gas reactants;

[0019] 12. Combustible gas reactant feed pipe;

[0020] 14. Combustible gas reactant feed mixing chamber;

[0021] 16. Combustible gas reactant feeding section;

[0022] 18 flame arrester;

[0023] 20. Fixed end plate of the combustible gas reactant dispersion feed pipe;

[0024] 22. Combustible gas reactant dispersion feed pipe;

[0025] 24. The internal flame prevention structure of the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe;

[0026] 30 air / oxidant / auxiliary agent;

[0027] 32 air / oxidant / auxiliary agent feed pipe;

[0028] 34 air / oxidant / auxiliary agent feed mixing and distribution chamber;

[0029] 40 air / oxidant / auxiliary agent feeding section;

[0030] 50 Detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate;

[0031] 60 Detonation shock wave reactor body;

[0032] 62 Cooling facilities;

[0033] 66 Detonation shock wave reactor tube;

[0034] 68 heat transfer enhancement structure;

[0035] 70 Detonation Accelerator;

[0036] 71 Reduced diameter pipe section;

[0037] 72 expanded pipe section;

[0038] 73 straight pipe section;

[0039] 74 Detonation wave discharge pipe;

[0040] 75 Cooling water inlet;

[0041] 76 cooling water outlet;

[0042] 80 Ignition device group;

[0043] 90 Detonation shock wave reactor exit section;

[0044] 92 Secondary air jacket;

[0045] 94 Impact nozzle;

[0046] 100 reaction products;

[0047] 110 feeding step;

[0048] 120 filled steps;

[0049] 130 Ignition Steps;

[0050] 140 Deflagration Steps;

[0051] 150 Deflagration Acceleration Steps;

[0052] 160 Detonation Steps;

[0053] 170 Flame extinguishing steps;

[0054] 180 Back shock discharge steps. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] In order to provide a better understanding of the present invention, the following diagram is used as an example to describe a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor without valve control, such as Figure 1 As shown; the operation mode of the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor without valve control of the present invention is as follows Figure 2 The accompanying drawing shows a preferred embodiment of the valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor of the present invention, and its principle and operation are described below.

[0057] The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 of the present invention comprises: a combustible gas reactant feed section 16, an anti-detonation flame arrester 18, an air / oxidant / auxiliary agent feed section 40, a detonation shock wave reactor body 60, and a detonation shock wave reactor outlet section 90.

[0058] The countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control is characterized in that the combustible gas reactant feed section 17 includes a combustible gas reactant feed pipe 12 and a combustible gas reactant feed mixing chamber 14; the air / oxidant / auxiliary agent feed section 40 includes an air / oxidant / auxiliary agent feed pipe 32 and an air / oxidant / auxiliary agent feed mixing distribution chamber 34; the detonation shock wave reactor body 60 includes a combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe fixed end plate 20, a detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50, a detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 containing a detonation promoter 70, a cooling facility 62 is provided on the outside of the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66, and a plurality of combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipes 22 and a plurality of ignition device groups 80 are arranged inside the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66.

[0059] The combustible gas reactant 10 is introduced into the combustible gas reactant feed mixing chamber 14 through the combustible gas reactant feed pipe 12; the air / oxidant / auxiliary agent 30 is introduced into the air / oxidant / auxiliary agent feed mixing distribution chamber 34 through the air / oxidant / auxiliary agent feed pipe 32; the flame arrester 18 is installed at the outlet of the combustible gas reactant feed mixing chamber 14, and a combustible gas reactant dispersion feed pipe fixed end plate 20 is provided thereafter, connected to the combustible gas reactant dispersion feed pipe 22; the combustible gas reactant dispersion feed pipe 22 is installed at the combustible The gaseous reactant dispersion feeding pipe is fixed with an end plate 20 and passes through the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50; the detonation promoter 70 in the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 is composed of a plurality of series-connected reduced diameter pipe sections 71, expanded diameter pipe sections 72 and straight pipe sections 73; the installation of the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe 22 protrudes from the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50, so that it has the function of providing gas mixing and terminating the countercurrent detonation shock wave; the ignition device 80 is installed at the downstream end of the detonation promoter 70; the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe 22 is used to feed the combustible The gaseous reactant 10 is continuously injected into the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66; the air / oxidant / auxiliary agent feed pipe 32 is used to continuously inject the air / oxidant / auxiliary agent 30 into the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66; the detonation promoter 70 is used to promote the mixing of the combustible gas reactant 10 and the air / oxidant / auxiliary agent 30; the ignition device 80 is used to ignite the gas mixture of the combustible gas reactant 10 and the air / oxidant / auxiliary agent 30 in the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66; the detonation promoter 70 in the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 is used to make The ignited gas mixture flashes back to generate a countercurrent detonation shock wave; the countercurrent detonation shock wave is used to pass through the combustible gas reactant dispersion feed pipe 22 protruding from the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50, so that the detonation shock wave impacts the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50 and extinguishes the flame; the detonation shock wave is used to release pressure and expand after the flame is extinguished to generate a reverse shock wave to discharge the reaction products out of the detonation shock wave reactor body 60; the above procedures are repeated continuously, so that the combustible gas reactant 10 can continuously utilize the high temperature, high pressure and high speed of the detonation shock wave to carry out a chemical reaction.

[0060] The following is a further explanation and analysis of the operating principle of the valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 of the present invention:

[0061] The combustible gas reactant 10 and the air / oxidant / additive 30 are filled in the detonation shock wave reactor body 60.

[0062] The first step of operating the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control is to fill the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 of the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 with combustible gas reactants 10 and air / oxidant / auxiliary agent 30, and fully mix them through the detonation promoter 70 composed of a plurality of serially connected reduced diameter pipe sections 71, expanded diameter pipe sections 72 and straight pipe sections 73. Assuming that the composition of the combustible gas reactants 10 can be expressed as , and the percentage of nitrogen in the combustible gas reactant 10 is ω%, then the combustion equilibrium equation of the VOC waste gas or the combustible gas reactant 10 is:

[0063] (1)

[0064] Assume that the flow rate of the combustible gas reactant 10 and the mixture of air / oxidant / promoter 30 in the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 is Q (m 3 / s), the diameter of the counterflow detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 is D t (m), the length from the ignition point of the multiple ignition devices 80 of the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 to the bottom of the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50 at the supply end of the combustible gas reactant 10 is L (m). Then the time required for the combustible gas reactant 10 and the mixture of air / oxidant / auxiliary agent 30 to fill the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 is:

[0065] (2)

[0066] in

[0067]

[0068] = Theoretical stoichiometric air ratio for combustion of combustible gas reactant 10;

[0069]

[0070] V = volume of the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 between the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50 and the ignition device group 80

[0071] = air stoichiometric ratio, =1 means equal to the theoretical metered air, that is, the excess air ratio is equal to 0.

[0072] The combustible gas reactant 10 is a high concentration of cyclohexane (C6H 12 50%, N2 50%) VOCs waste gas is treated in a countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 with a diameter of 80 mm and a length of 1.0 m. Assuming that the flow rate of the combustible gas reactant 10 is QVOC = 200 NCMH. %=50%; a=6, b=12, c=d=e=f=0, therefore, = 9. The flow rate of the combustible gas reactant 10 and the mixed gas of air / oxidant / additive 30 in the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 is

[0073] = 3628.6 NCMH

[0074] In this case, the time required for the combustible gas reactant 10 and the air / oxidant / additive 30 mixed gas to fill the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 66 is

[0075] .

[0076] The time t required for the combustible gas reactant 10 and the mixed gas of air / oxidant / additive 30 to fill the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 f It is inversely proportional to the flow rate Q of the combustible gas reactant 10 and the mixed gas of air / oxidant / auxiliary agent 30. The faster the flow rate of the combustible gas reactant 10, the more air / oxidant / auxiliary agent 30 is required, and the filling time t f If one wants to clearly observe the reaction of the combustible gas reactant 10 in the counterflow detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 and to show a visually visible shock wave, the combustible gas reactant flow rate must be reduced to 10 Nm 3 / hr or less, preferably 1 Nm 3 / hr or less, it can only be observed with the naked eye.

[0077] Ignition

[0078] The mixture of combustible gas reactant 10 and air / oxidant / promoter 30 is filled in the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor tube 66, and flows to the multiple ignition device groups 80 installed in the straight pipe section 73 of the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 to be ignited. The combustion wave front will flow back to chase the combustible gas reactant 10 fuel, and use the energy generated by the reaction to compress the gas, and through the action of the detonation promoter 70 composed of a plurality of serially connected reduced diameter pipe sections 71, expanded diameter pipe sections 72 and straight pipe sections 73 inside the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor tube 66, the combustion reaction is quickly converted into a detonation shock wave. The multiple ignition device groups 80 of the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 can adopt a plasma ignition device, using a DC high-voltage current supplier to provide a tip discharge to generate plasma ignition. In order to ensure the normal operation of the igniter, the ignition device group 80 inside the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 should use a plasma ignition device that will not be blown out by the detonation shock wave, such as a plasma torch or a plasma spark plug; the ignition device group 80 is usually made into multiple groups for parallel use, and is equipped with current detection and safety interlocking to ensure safe operation of the equipment.

[0079] Backflow detonation shock wave

[0080] According to thermodynamic analysis, the detonation shock wave generated inside the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 is a supersonic shock wave generated by a chemical reaction. The idealized detonation shock wave theoretical analysis can be described by the Chapman-Jouguet (CJ) detonation theory; the detonation shock wave generated inside the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 will chase the combustible gas reactant 10 fuel, and the fluid flow speed after the detonation shock wave is the speed of sound relative to the detonation shock wave. Therefore, according to the detonation theory, the speed of the detonation shock wave generated inside the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 is a specific speed U CJ , which is a function of the composition and thermodynamic properties of the combustible gas reactant 10 and the air / oxidant / auxiliary agent 30 gas mixture.

[0081] The velocity UCJ of the detonation shock wave generated inside the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 and the pressure P after the detonation shock wave CJ , can be derived and calculated based on the composition and thermodynamic properties of the combustible gas reactant 10 and the air / oxidant / auxiliary agent 30 gas mixture. Therefore, the detonation shock wave generated inside the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 chases the fuel (i.e., the combustible gas reactant 10 and the air / oxidant / auxiliary agent 30 gas mixture) backflowing back to the combustible gas reactant 10 fuel supply end of the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50 and the combustible gas reactant dispersed feed pipe 22 that can provide gas mixing and terminate the counterflow detonation shock wave, and the time required is .

[0082] The combustible gas reactant 10 is a high concentration of cyclohexane (C6H 12 Taking the treatment of VOCs waste gas (N2 50%, N2 50%) in a countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 with a diameter of 80 mm and a length of 1.0 m as an example, the detonation shock wave velocity U generated by the combustible gas reactant 10 and the air / oxidant / auxiliary agent 30 gas mixture inside the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 under normal pressure is CJ It is about 1,800 m / s, that is, the time required for the detonation shock wave to flow from the ignition point to the bottom of the counterflow detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50 is about It is only about one tenth of the time 0.005 seconds required for the aforementioned gas to fill the interior of the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66.

[0083] Exhaust of detonation gas products

[0084] The detonation shock wave generated inside the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 travels at a speed U CJ The pressure P after the detonation shock wave CJ After the combustible gas supply end of the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 is hit by the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipes 22 that can provide gas mixing and terminate the countercurrent detonation shock wave and the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50 on which the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipes 22 are installed, the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipes 22 extend beyond the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50 and enter the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66, so that the detonation shock wave will quickly pass over the end of the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe 22, so that the combustible gas reactant 10 fuel supply disappears instantly, and the detonation shock wave in the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 is extinguished instantly. The detonation shock wave generated in the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 will no longer have energy supply, and the high-pressure gas inside will be unable to maintain its compression effect on the gas, and the pressure P CJ The adiabatic expansion and decompression are automatically performed, and the gas volume increases instantly, and the combustion reaction product 100 is discharged from the detonation shock wave reactor pipe 66. The time required is ,in > 1, is the expansion ratio of the high-pressure gas in the detonation shock wave.

[0085] Operating frequency of the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control:

[0086] In the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor tube 66, the period of the high temperature detonation shock wave is the sum of the filling time, the detonation shock wave countercurrent time and the detonation product discharge time. Therefore, the frequency of the detonation shock wave generated in the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 66 is .

[0087] According to the operating principle of the valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 described above, the following is further described in detail with an embodiment:

[0088] The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 can be used in combination with conventional VOCs waste gas treatment equipment, such as RTO (regenerative thermal oxidizer) or DFTO (direct fired thermal oxidizer). For example, the valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 is installed in the combustion chamber of the RTO, combined with the RTO to treat low-concentration VOCs waste gas, and the valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 is used to treat high-concentration VOCs waste gas, and the low-concentration VOCs waste gas and the high-concentration VOCs waste gas are separated and safely treated. When using the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control, the combustible gas reactant 10 that needs to be destroyed by high temperature reaction or high temperature oxidation is firstly continuously introduced into the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control through the combustible gas reactant feed pipe 12; the combustible gas reactant 10 can be introduced through multiple groups of combustible gas reactant feed pipes 12, firstly mixed through the combustible gas reactant feed mixing chamber 14, and then flow through the flame arrester 18 downstream of the combustible gas reactant feed mixing chamber 14 for safety protection to avoid the accident of flashback. Then, the combustible gas reactant 10 is dispersed into multiple air streams by using the combustible gas reactant dispersion feed pipe 22 fixed on the fixed end plate 20 of the combustible gas reactant dispersion feed pipe, and the combustible gas reactant 10 is sent into the detonation shock wave reactor pipe 66 of the detonation shock wave reactor body 60 through the detonation shock wave reactor pipe end plate 50. At the same time, the air / oxidant / auxiliary agent 30 required for the oxidation reaction of the combustible gas reactant 10 is continuously injected into the air / oxidant / auxiliary agent feed mixing and distribution chamber 34 through the air / oxidant / auxiliary agent feed pipe 32 and mixed evenly, and then fed into the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 of the detonation shock wave reactor body 60 through multiple openings on the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50.

[0089] In order to ensure the safe operation of the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control, the combustible gas reactant 10 and the air / oxidant / auxiliary agent 30 should be fed only after the ignition device group 80 is started first, so as to ensure that the mixture of the combustible gas reactant 10 and the air / oxidant / auxiliary agent 30 entering the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 in the detonation shock wave reactor body 60 can be ignited by the ignition device group 80, thereby generating a detonation shock wave. On the contrary, to stop the operation of the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control of the present invention, the feeding of the combustible gas reactant 10 should be stopped first, and then the ignition device group 80 should be turned off to ensure the safe operation of the system.

[0090] The countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control has a plurality of combustible gas reactant feed pipes 12, which can be a single feed pipe or a plurality of feed pipes at the same time, so that a plurality of combustible gas reactants 10 can be fed continuously and simultaneously. At the same time, the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control also has a plurality of air / oxidant / auxiliary agent feed pipes 32, which can also be a single feed pipe or a plurality of feed pipes, and can receive simultaneous and continuous feeding of air, inert gas, oxygen, water, catalyst, etc.

[0091] Secondly, the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 installed inside the detonation shock wave reactor body 60 of the valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 of the present invention contains a detonation promoter 70, which can promote the mixing of the combustible gas reactant 10 and the air / oxidant / auxiliary agent 30, so that the gas mixture of the combustible gas reactant 10 and the air / oxidant / auxiliary agent 30 flows evenly from the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50 to the reaction product outlet 100 in the detonation shock wave reactor body 60, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 The feeding step 110 is shown as the filling step 120. When the gas mixture of the combustible gas reactant 10 and the air / oxidant / promoter 30 reaches the position of the ignition device group 80 installed on the downstream straight pipe section 73 of the detonation accelerator 70, the gas mixture of the combustible gas reactant 10 and the air / oxidant / promoter 30 will be ignited by the ignition device group 80, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 As shown in the ignition step 130. Since there is no flammable gas downstream of the ignition device group 80, the flame will be backfired toward the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50 of the counterflow detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control, and the counterflow flame will move forward toward the detonation promoter 70, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 As shown in the deflagration step 140; the flame then passes through the detonation promoter 70 to provide good mixing, so that the ignited combustible gas reactant 10 and the combustible gas mixture of air / oxidant / additive 30 are quickly burned, heated, pressurized, and accelerated, and then turned toward the generation of countercurrent detonation, such as Figure 2 The detonation acceleration step 150 shows that the detonation shock wave continues to compress the combustible gas reactant 10 and the combustible gas mixture of air / oxidant / additive 30 to react, and continues to accelerate to reach the CJ shock wave speed, such as Figure 2As shown in the detonation step 160. When the detonation shock wave reaches the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50 of the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control, since the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe 22 extends beyond the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50, the detonation shock wave quickly surpasses the combustible gas reactant 10 combustible fuel supply passing through the outlet end of the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe 22, and there is no combustible gas reactant 10 supply instantly, so that the detonation shock wave instantly becomes without energy supply, resulting in instant flame extinction, and at the same time, the pressure effect of the detonation shock wave is used to extinguish the flame, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 As shown in the flame extinguishing step 170; after the detonation shock wave loses the fuel supply of the combustible gas reactant 10, since there is no more energy to supply it to compress the gas, it instantly undergoes adiabatic expansion, causing the volume to expand rapidly and increase, thereby forming a recoil wave, and the reaction product 100 in the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 is discharged from the detonation shock wave reactor outlet section 90, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 The speed from the ignition step 130 to the flame extinguishing step 170 and then to the back-shock discharge step 180 is extremely fast, and the time required is only a few milliseconds to a few tenths of a second, depending on the design of the detonation accelerator 70. The detonation shock wave reactor outlet section 90 of the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control is connected to the subsequent equipment such as the combustion chamber of the RTO, or the DFTO, or the boiler. During operation, the reaction product 100 is discharged from the detonation shock wave reactor outlet section 90 by using the back-shock wave of the detonation shock wave, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 As shown in the back shock discharge step 180, it is then sent to the combustion chamber of the RTO, or the DFTO, or the boiler for energy recovery. When performing the above operation procedures, the feeding of the combustible gas reactant 10 and the air / oxidant / auxiliary agent 30 can be continued stably, and the procedures of turbulent mixing, ignition, countercurrent detonation, and flameout of the combustible gas reactant 10 and the air / oxidant / auxiliary agent 30 are continuously repeated, so that the combustible gas reactant 10 can continuously react or be destroyed by the high temperature and high pressure of the detonation shock wave in the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control.

[0092] After the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe 22 in the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control passes through the opening of the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50, it extends into the interior of the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66, and the length protruding from the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50 will determine the flame extinguishing stability of the countercurrent detonation shock wave. Experimental tests have found that a stable flame extinguishing effect can be produced when the length of the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe 22 protruding from the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50 is more than one times the detonation shock wavelength. However, since the concentration and composition of the combustible gas reactant 10 may change at any time, in order to ensure the stability of the flame extinguishing effect, experimental tests have verified that when the length of the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe 22 protruding from the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50 is more than 1.5 times the detonation shock wavelength, it can cope with the possible changes in the concentration and composition of the combustible gas reactant 10 at any time, and a stable flame extinguishing effect can be produced.

[0093] The detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 installed in the detonation shock wave reactor body 60 of the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control contains a group of detonation promoters 70, the purpose of which is to promote the full mixing of the combustible gas reactant 10 and the air / oxidant / auxiliary agent 32. Secondly, when the mixed gas of the combustible gas reactant 10 and the air / oxidant / auxiliary agent 32 is ignited, the detonation promoter 70 can promote the combustion reaction of the mixed gas to be quickly accelerated and converted from deflagration to detonation. Therefore, the detonation promoter 70 used in the present invention can be composed of a combination of a plurality of cascade-connected reduced diameter pipe sections 71, expanded diameter pipe sections 72 and straight pipe sections 73, through appropriate combination, so that the combustible gas reactant 10 and the air / oxidant / auxiliary agent 32 gas mixture can form a vortex turbulent mixing through the detonation promoter 70, so that the effect of forced mixing can be achieved without using a power device. Once the combustible gas reactant 10 and the air / oxidant / additive 32 gas mixture are ignited, the detonation accelerator 70 will promote the generation of detonation, thereby generating a detonation shock wave.

[0094] Through theoretical analysis and experimental tests, the minimum diameter of the reduced diameter pipe section 71 of the detonation accelerator 70 in the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 is 1 / 3 to 1 times the diameter of the straight pipe section 73 of the detonation accelerator 70; the maximum diameter of the enlarged diameter pipe section 72 of the detonation accelerator 70 is 1.5 to 2 times the diameter of the straight pipe section 73 of the detonation accelerator 70; the spacing between adjacent reduced diameter pipe sections 71 of the detonation accelerator 70 is 1 to 3 times the diameter of the straight pipe section 73. According to the theoretical analysis and the experimental results of the embodiment, the optimal design conditions are found: the minimum diameter of the reduced diameter pipe section 71 of the detonation accelerator 70 is 1 times the diameter of the straight pipe section 73 of the detonation accelerator 70; the maximum diameter of the enlarged diameter pipe section 72 of the detonation accelerator 70 is 2 times the diameter of the straight pipe section 73 of the detonation accelerator 70; the spacing between adjacent reduced diameter pipe sections 71 of the detonation accelerator 70 is 2 times the diameter of the straight pipe section 73.

[0095] Since the flame flashes back toward the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50 of the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control, the detonation speed is extremely fast, and the frequency of the detonation is mainly determined by the feed rate of the combustible gas reactant 10 and the mixture of air / oxidant / auxiliary agent 30 and the operating temperature and pressure of the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control. The faster the feed rate, the higher the temperature and the lower the pressure, the higher the detonation frequency. The speed, temperature and pressure of the detonation shock wave mainly depend on the concentration, composition, temperature and pressure of the combustible gas reactant, and have nothing to do with the feed rate.

[0096] The ignition device group 80 of the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control can adopt a single ignition device; it can also adopt two ignition devices; it can also adopt three ignition devices; it can also adopt four ignition devices. It is also possible to use any number of four or more ignition devices, which can be used partially or fully; or partially used and can be switched and replaced online, but at least one or more ignition devices must be maintained in use to ensure that the combustible gas reactant 10 and the air / oxidant / auxiliary agent 32 gas mixture are actually ignited, so that the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control can operate all year round without stopping for maintenance. The ignition device group 80 must not be blown out or damaged by the detonation shock wave, so a general automotive spark plug or plasma torch can be used. The ignition device group 80 can have an online current detection element to ensure the safety of system operation.

[0097] The gas fuel that can be used as the combustible gas reactant 10 of the valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 can be hydrogen, methane, ethane, propane, ethylene, acetylene, benzene, toluene, xylene, IPA, hydrogen, styrene, cyclohexane, isoprene, furan or other recycled gas fuels separated by the process. Taking hydrogen as the combustible gas reactant 10 as an example, the countercurrent detonation shock wave generated in the valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 at normal pressure will produce a detonation phenomenon when the hydrogen concentration is about 8%, and the pressure of the detonation shock wave will gradually increase as the concentration increases; when the hydrogen concentration reaches about 31%, the detonation shock wave pressure reaches a maximum pressure of 1.6 MPa; thereafter, if the hydrogen concentration continues to increase, the detonation shock wave pressure will gradually decrease. The concentration range of hydrogen that will produce detonation is about 9% to 56%.

[0098] The relationship between the temperature of the countercurrent detonation shock wave generated in the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control at normal pressure and the hydrogen concentration is that when the hydrogen concentration starts to increase from about 8%, the temperature of the detonation shock wave also increases from 1280 K; when the hydrogen concentration reaches about 31%, the temperature of the detonation shock wave reaches the maximum temperature of 2980 K; thereafter, if the hydrogen concentration continues to increase, the temperature of the detonation shock wave gradually decreases.

[0099] The relationship between the velocity of the countercurrent detonation shock wave generated in the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control at normal pressure and the hydrogen concentration is that when the hydrogen concentration is about 8%, the velocity of the detonation shock wave gradually increases from 1164 m / s; when the hydrogen concentration reaches about 30%, the velocity of the detonation shock wave reaches 1971 m / s; thereafter, if the hydrogen concentration continues to increase, the velocity of the detonation shock wave continues to increase, and when the hydrogen concentration reaches 56%, the velocity of the detonation shock wave can reach 2222 m / s.

[0100] Taking propane as the combustible gas reactant 10 as an example, the relationship between the pressure of the countercurrent detonation shock wave generated in the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control at normal pressure and the propane concentration is that the detonation phenomenon will occur when the propane concentration is about 0.8%, and the pressure of the detonation shock wave will increase gradually as the concentration increases; when the propane concentration reaches about 4.8%, the detonation shock wave pressure reaches the maximum pressure of 1.9 MPa; thereafter, if the propane concentration continues to increase, the detonation shock wave pressure will gradually decrease. The concentration range of propane that will produce detonation is about 0.8% to 11.2%.

[0101] The relationship between the temperature of the countercurrent detonation shock wave generated in the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control at normal pressure and the propane concentration is that when the propane concentration starts to increase from about 0.8%, the temperature of the detonation shock wave also increases rapidly from 1160 K; when the propane concentration reaches about 4.8%, the detonation shock wave temperature reaches the maximum temperature of 2850 K; thereafter, if the propane concentration continues to increase, the detonation shock wave temperature decreases gradually.

[0102] The relationship between the velocity of the countercurrent detonation shock wave generated in the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control at normal pressure and the propane concentration is that when the propane concentration starts to reach about 0.8%, the velocity of the detonation shock wave also increases from 1091 m / s; when the propane concentration reaches about 4.8%, the velocity of the detonation shock wave reaches 1836 m / s; thereafter, if the propane concentration continues to increase, unlike the continuous increase in the velocity of the detonation shock wave of hydrogen, the velocity of the detonation shock wave of propane will gradually decrease, and when the propane concentration reaches 11.2%, the velocity of the detonation shock wave is reduced to 1536 m / s.

[0103] The higher the original supply pressure of the combustible gas reactant 10, the pressure of the detonation shock wave generated in the detonation shock wave reactor pipe 66 of the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control will increase proportionally. For example, if the original pressure is 0.2 MPa, the pressure of the detonation shock wave generated in the detonation shock wave reactor pipe 66 of the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control will become twice the pressure of the detonation shock wave generated when the original pressure is 0.1 MPa, and so on.

[0104] By utilizing the relationship diagram between the pressure, temperature and velocity of the detonation shock wave generated in the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 of the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control and the concentration of the combustible gas reactant 10, the concentration of the combustible gas reactant 10 and the system operating pressure can be adjusted and controlled, so as to effectively control the temperature and pressure of the detonation shock wave generated in the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 of the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control to meet the needs of the chemical reaction.

[0105] The air / oxidant / auxiliary agent 30 used in the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control can be air, inert gas, oxygen, water, catalyst, etc.; the feed is to use the air / oxidant / auxiliary agent feed pipe 32 to send the air / oxidant / auxiliary agent 30 into the air / oxidant / auxiliary agent feed mixing and distribution chamber 34, and then send it into the detonation shock wave reactor body 60 through multiple openings of the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50. The composition and feed ratio of the air / oxidant / auxiliary agent 30 mainly depend on the chemical reaction to be completed.

[0106] Taking a PFCs treatment device generally connected to four groups of exhaust gas inlets as an example, a gas mixture of SiH4, CF4, C2F6, C3F8, SF6, etc., which needs to process 200 L / min as a chemical reactant 20 per unit time, the conventional technology uses a plasma torch that requires a power of about 10 to 30 kW, while the detonation shock wave reactor 1 of the present invention only requires an ignition device group 80 of about 150W of power.

[0107] Taking the gasification treatment of biomass waste, waste oil, and waste organic solvent as an example, the gas fuel that can be used as the combustible gas reactant 10 of the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control can be hydrogen, methane, ethane, propane, ethylene, acetylene, or other recycled gas fuels separated by the process. Biomass waste, waste oil, waste organic solvent and other wastes or their mixtures can be atomized or gasified and introduced as the combustible gas reactant 10 into the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor without valve control through the combustible gas reactant feed pipe, and the air / oxidant / auxiliary agent 30 can use oxygen plus a certain amount of water.

[0108] In order to protect the combustible gas reactant 10 of the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control from flashback and explosion accidents, the present invention has three layers of protection:

[0109] (1) The first layer of protection is to extend the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe 22 out of the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe fixed end plate 20, so that when the detonation shock wave counterflow impacts the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50, the outlet of the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe 22 that supplies the combustible gas reactant will become behind the detonation shock wave, so that the fuel energy supply of the detonation shock wave is instantly interrupted and the flame is automatically extinguished;

[0110] (2) The second layer of protection is to provide a flame prevention structure 24 inside the combustible gas reactant dispersion feed pipe 22 that is in direct contact with the detonation shock wave. The maximum experimental safety distance MESG of the flame prevention element is determined by the type of the combustible gas reactant 10, but should be between 0.3 mm and 1.0 mm. Since the type of the combustible gas reactant 10 may contain a variety of gases, the rigorous approach is to regard the combustible gas reactant 10 as a Class IIC gas for protection. Therefore, the maximum experimental safety distance MESG of the best flame prevention element is between 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm.

[0111] (3) The third layer of protection is to use an anti-detonation flame arrester 18. Once the combustible gas reactant dispersion feed pipe 22 with the internal flame arrester structure 24 of the combustible gas reactant dispersion feed pipe is destroyed, a third line of defense is required for system safety protection; the maximum experimental safety distance MESG of the flame arrester 18 is determined by the type of combustible gas reactant 10, but should be between 0.3 mm and 1.0 mm. Since the type of combustible gas reactant 10 may contain a variety of gases, the rigorous approach is to treat the combustible gas reactant 10 as a Class IIC gas for protection. Therefore, the maximum experimental safety distance MESG of the best flame arrester element is between 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm.

[0112] In order to achieve the purpose of the first layer of protection, the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50 of the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control has a plurality of openings, some of which are designed to have the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe 22 passing through, and the remaining openings are for the air / oxidant / auxiliary agent 30 to flow through, so that the combustible gas reactant 10 can be fully mixed with the air / oxidant / auxiliary agent 30. Among them, the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50 has an opening for the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe 22 to pass through, and its opening diameter is 1.0 to 2.0 times the diameter of the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe 22; it is larger than the diameter of the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe 22 for the air / oxidant / auxiliary agent to flow through. In order to promote the combustible gas reactant 10 to be fully mixed with the air / oxidant / auxiliary agent 30, the opening of the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50 has an internal spiral turbulent facility to promote the mixing of the air / oxidant / auxiliary agent 30 with the combustible gas reactant 10.

[0113] Since the detonation shock wave reactor body 60 of the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control is repeatedly swept by the high-temperature and high-pressure detonation shock wave, it will gradually heat up. When the furnace temperature of the detonation shock wave reactor body 60 reaches above the auto-ignition temperature of the combustible gas reactant 10, the gas mixture will automatically burn. Therefore, if Figure 1 As shown, in order to effectively control and apply the characteristics of countercurrent detonation, a cooling facility 62 is provided on the outside of the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 of the detonation shock wave reactor body 60, so that the coolant enters the cooling facility 62 from the cooling liquid inlet 75, and performs heat exchange with the outer wall of the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 of the detonation shock wave reactor body 60, taking away the energy of the outer wall of the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 of the detonation shock wave reactor body 60, and is discharged by the cooling liquid outlet 76. The cooling fluid can be reused after cooling down by an external cooling device. After the outer wall of the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 of the detonation shock wave reactor body 60 is cooled, its internal average temperature is maintained lower than the auto-ignition temperature of the combustible gas reactant 10, so that the stable countercurrent detonation operation of the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control can be maintained. The coolant can use the combustible gas reactant 10 as a coolant; it can also use air / oxidant / auxiliary agent 32 as a coolant; or it can be cooled by cooling water. When using combustible gas reactant 10 or air / oxidant / auxiliary agent 32 as a coolant, it is necessary to lay a combustible gas reactant 10 or air / oxidant / auxiliary agent 32 coil on the surface of the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 to provide cooling.

[0114] When cooling water is used as a coolant, since the combustible gas reactant 10 can react with the air / oxidant / auxiliary agent 30 gas mixture in the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 to produce a countercurrent detonation reaction, an instantaneous high-temperature shock wave will be generated inside the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66, so that the surface of the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 will produce an instantaneous mobile high temperature; if cooling water is used as the fluid in the cooling facility 62, the outer surface of the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 will instantly produce intense subcooled boiling (Subcooled Boiling) due to the instantaneous high temperature, thereby producing intense whistling and harsh noise; the valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 of the present invention is made of a porous structure layer that is interconnected on the outer surface of the detonation shock wave reactor tube 60, so that once a bubble is generated on the outer surface of the detonation shock wave reactor tube 60, a chain effect will be generated, and uniform bubbles will be generated on the entire heat transfer surface, effectively enhancing boiling heat transfer, and increasing the boiling heat transfer coefficient by more than 10 times, thereby solving the problem of whistling and harsh noise generated by the detonation shock wave reactor tube 60. According to theoretical analysis, the effective pore size of the porous boiling enhancement structure is 1 to 100 μm; in the case of cooling water application, the optimal pore size of the porous boiling enhancement structure is 30 to 50 μm. The porous boiling enhancement structure can be made by powder metallurgy or by machining.

[0115] The above description is only illustrative rather than restrictive of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will understand that many modifications, changes or equivalents may be made without departing from the spirit and scope defined by the claims, but all will fall within the scope that can be defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor, comprising: a combustible gas reactant feeding section; - a detonation flame arrester; An air / oxidant / auxiliary agent feeding section; a detonation shock wave reactor body; a detonation shock wave reactor outlet section; It is characterized in that The combustible gas reactant feeding section includes: A combustible gas reactant feed pipe; a combustible gas reactant feed mixing chamber; The air / oxidant / auxiliary agent feed section contains: Air / oxidant / auxiliary agent feed pipe; An air / oxidant / auxiliary agent feed mixing and distribution chamber; The detonation shock wave reactor body includes: A fixed end plate for the combustible gas reactant dispersion feed pipe; a detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate; a detonation shock wave reactor tube containing a detonation accelerator; 1. Cooling facilities; A plurality of combustible gas reactant dispersion feed pipes; Ignition device group; The combustible gas reactant is introduced into the combustible gas reactant feed mixing chamber through the combustible gas reactant feed pipe; Air / oxidant / auxiliary agent is introduced into the air / oxidant / auxiliary agent feeding mixing and distribution chamber through the air / oxidant / auxiliary agent feeding pipe; The flame arrester is installed at the outlet of the combustible gas reactant feeding mixing chamber, and a combustible gas reactant dispersing feeding pipe fixing end plate is arranged behind it, and is connected to the combustible gas reactant dispersing feeding pipe; The combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe is installed on the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe fixed end plate, and passes through the detonation shock wave reactor pipe end plate to feed the combustible gas reactant into the detonation shock wave reactor pipe; The detonation accelerator in the detonation shock wave reactor tube is composed of a plurality of serially connected reduced diameter pipe sections, expanded diameter pipe sections and straight pipe sections; The installation of the combustible gas reactant dispersion feed pipe protrudes from the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate, so that it has the function of providing gas mixing and terminating the countercurrent detonation shock wave; The ignition device is installed at the downstream end of the detonation promoter; The combustible gas reactant is continuously injected into the detonation shock wave reactor tube by using the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeder tube; The air / oxidant / auxiliary agent is continuously injected into the detonation shock wave reactor tube by using the air / oxidant / auxiliary agent feeding tube; Using a detonation accelerator to promote the mixing of combustible gas reactants and air / oxidant / promoter; The ignition device is used to ignite the combustible gas reactant and the gas mixture of air / oxidant / auxiliary agent in the detonation shock wave reactor tube; Using a detonation accelerator in a detonation shock wave reactor tube, the ignited gas mixture is flashed back to generate a countercurrent detonation shock wave; Using the countercurrent detonation shock wave to pass through the combustible gas reactant dispersion feed pipe protruding from the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate, the detonation shock wave impacts the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate to extinguish the flame; The detonation shock wave is used to release pressure and expand after the flame is extinguished to generate a counter-shock wave to discharge the reaction products out of the detonation shock wave reactor body; The above procedure is repeated continuously so that the combustible gas reactants can continuously utilize the high temperature, high pressure and high speed of the detonation shock wave to carry out chemical reactions.

2. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the cooling facilities of the detonation shock wave reactor body, cooling water is used for cooling.

3. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the cooling facilities of the detonation shock wave reactor body, air / oxidant / auxiliary agent cooling is used.

4. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the cooling facilities of the detonation shock wave reactor body, combustible gas reactant cooling is used.

5. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The maximum experimental safety distance MESG of the detonation flame arrester is determined by the combustible gas reactants, but is between 0.3 mm and 1.0 mm.

6. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The maximum experimental safety distance MESG of the detonation flame arrester is between 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm.

7. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cooling facility is provided with a porous boiling enhancement structure on the outer surface of the detonation shock wave reactor tube.

8. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 7, characterized in that: The pore size of the porous boiling enhancement structure is 1 to 100 μm.

9. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 7, characterized in that: The pore size of the porous boiling enhancement structure is 30 to 50 μm.

10. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are multiple combustible gas reactant feeding pipes, which can simultaneously receive continuous feeding of multiple combustible gas reactants.

11. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 10, characterized in that: The combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe is provided with a porous structure at its outlet end to prevent backfire, and its MESG is less than 0.3 mm to 1.0 mm.

12. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 10, characterized in that: The combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe is provided with a porous structure at its outlet end to prevent backfire, and its MESG is less than 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm.

13. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 10, characterized in that: The porous structure inside the outlet end of the combustible gas reactant dispersion feed pipe is made by sintering metal powder.

14. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are multiple air / oxidant / auxiliary agent feeding pipes, which can receive continuous feeding of multiple air / oxidant / auxiliary agents at the same time.

15. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ignition device has multiple ignition devices, and the ignition devices are used in full or in part.

16. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 15, characterized in that: The ignition device has the function of online replacement.

17. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 15, characterized in that: The ignition device group has an in-line current sensing element.

18. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 15, characterized in that: The ignition device group is a plasma torch.

19. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 15, characterized in that: The ignition device group is a spark plug.

20. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature and pressure of the detonation shock wave are controlled by adjusting the type, concentration, feed temperature and feed pressure of the combustible gas reactants.

21. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detonation frequency of the detonation shock wave is controlled by the combustible gas reactants and the air / oxidant / promoter feed rate, feed temperature and feed pressure.

22. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The minimum diameter of the reduced diameter pipe section of the detonation accelerator in the detonation shock wave reactor tube is 1 / 3 to 1 times the diameter of the straight pipe section of the detonation accelerator; the maximum diameter of the expanded diameter pipe section is 1.5 to 2 times the diameter of the straight pipe section of the detonation accelerator; and the spacing between adjacent reduced diameter pipe sections is 1 to 3 times the diameter of the straight pipe section.

23. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 22, characterized in that: The minimum diameter of the reduced diameter pipe section of the detonation accelerator is 1 times the diameter of the straight pipe section of the detonation accelerator.

24. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 22, characterized in that: The maximum diameter of the expanded pipe section of the detonation accelerator is twice the diameter of the straight pipe section of the detonation accelerator.

25. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 22, characterized in that: The spacing between adjacent reduced diameter pipe sections of the detonation accelerator is twice the diameter of the straight pipe section.

26. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe extends into the detonation shock wave reactor tube after passing through the opening of the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate, and the length protruding from the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate is more than 1 times the detonation shock wave length.

27. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 26, characterized in that: The combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe extends into the detonation shock wave reactor tube after passing through the opening of the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate, and the length protruding from the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate is more than 1.5 times the detonation shock wave length.

28. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate has a plurality of openings, wherein some of the openings have combustible gas reactant dispersion feed pipes passing therethrough, and the remaining openings are for air / oxidant / auxiliary agent to flow through.

29. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 28, characterized in that: The tube end plate of the detonation shock wave reactor is provided with an opening through which the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding tube passes, and the opening diameter is 1.0 to 2.0 times the diameter of the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding tube.

30. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 28, characterized in that: The tube end plate of the detonation shock wave reactor has an opening through which the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe passes, and the gap larger than the diameter of the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe is used for the circulation of air / oxidant / auxiliary agent.

31. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 28, characterized in that: The opening of the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate is provided with an internal turbulent facility to promote turbulent mixing of air / oxidant / auxiliary agent and combustible gas reactants.

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