Hard rock presplitting loosening blasting device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of presplitting blasting, in particular to a hard rock presplitting loosening blasting device and method. According to the hard rock presplitting loosening blasting device and method, when the energy gathering pipe is inserted into a drill hole, broken stones can be shielded, the situation that the broken stones are clamped on the V-shaped energy gathering groove to hinder energy concentration is avoided, and the hard rock blasting effect is improved. The hard rock presplitting loosening blasting device comprises a connecting pipe, an energy gathering pipe and the like, and the right side of the connecting pipe is connected with the energy gathering pipe. Gravel is shielded through the rotating cover, when a sliding frame makes contact with the deepest position of a drill hole, anti-skid is conducted through an anti-skid pad, an energy gathering pipe continues to be moved, the sliding frame is made to move, the rotating cover is made to rotate to be opened, and the effect that the gravel can be shielded when the energy gathering pipe is inserted into the drill hole is achieved; and broken stones are prevented from being clamped on the V-shaped energy gathering groove to hinder energy concentration, and the hard rock blasting effect is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of pre-splitting blasting, and in particular to a hard rock pre-splitting loosening blasting device and method. Background Art

[0002] Hard rock pre-splitting loosening blasting is a blasting technology specifically used under hard rock geological conditions. It aims to achieve the established excavation purpose by precisely controlling the blasting process. This blasting technology is widely used in mining, tunneling, road construction and other fields.

[0003] The existing hard rock pre-splitting and loosening blasting usually involves inserting a focusing tube directly into a borehole in the blasting area, and then pulling the detonating cord to detonate the detonator to complete the blasting work. However, in the process of inserting the focusing tube into the borehole, it is easy for debris to fall onto the focusing groove on the focusing tube, which will hinder the concentration of energy and thus affect the hard rock blasting effect, which is relatively inconvenient.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to design a hard rock pre-splitting loosening blasting device and method that can shield the gravel when the energy-gathering tube is inserted into the drill hole, prevent the gravel from getting stuck in the V-shaped energy-gathering groove and hindering the concentration of energy, and improve the hard rock blasting effect. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to overcome the disadvantage of the existing hard rock pre-splitting and loosening blasting that during the process of inserting the energy-gathering tube into the borehole, crushed stones are likely to fall on the energy-gathering groove on the energy-gathering tube, which will hinder the concentration of energy and thus affect the hard rock blasting effect, which is quite inconvenient. The present invention provides a hard rock pre-splitting and loosening blasting device and method which can shield the crushed stones when the energy-gathering tube is inserted into the borehole, avoid the crushed stones from being stuck in the V-shaped energy-gathering groove to hinder the concentration of energy, and improve the hard rock blasting effect.

[0006] Technical solution: A hard rock pre-splitting and loosening blasting device and method, including a connecting tube, an energy-gathering tube, a blocking piece, a detonator, a detonating cord and a shielding mechanism. The connecting tube is connected to the right side of the energy-gathering tube, the blocking piece is connected to the right side of the energy-gathering tube, the inside of the energy-gathering tube is connected to the detonating cord, the left side of the detonator is connected to the detonating cord, the detonating cord passes through the connecting tube, and a shielding mechanism is provided between the energy-gathering tube and the blocking piece.

[0007] Furthermore, it is particularly preferred that a plurality of V-shaped energy concentrating grooves are formed on the energy concentrating tube.

[0008] In addition, it is particularly preferred that the shielding mechanism includes a rotating cover, a sliding frame, a guide column and a first spring, the rotating cover is rotatably connected to the energy concentrating tube, the guide column is connected to the right side of the middle of the blocking plate, the sliding frame is slidably connected to the guide column, the sliding frame and the rotating cover are slidably matched, and the first spring is connected between the sliding frame and the guide column.

[0009] In addition, it is particularly preferred that a plurality of sliding grooves are provided on the right portion of the rotating cover.

[0010] Furthermore, it is particularly preferred that the sliding frame is provided with an anti-slip pad.

[0011] In addition, it is particularly preferred that an anti-retreat mechanism is also included, which includes a support ring, a rotating block shaft and a torsion spring. The right part of the connecting tube is connected to the support ring, and the outside of the support ring is rotatably connected to multiple shafts, each of which is connected to a rotating block, and a torsion spring is connected between the rotating shaft and the support ring.

[0012] In addition, it is particularly preferred that anti-slip grooves are provided on the rotating blocks.

[0013] Furthermore, it is particularly preferred that the rotating blocks are all sector-shaped.

[0014] In addition, it is particularly preferred that it also includes an orienting mechanism, which includes a supporting bin, an anti-slip frame and a second spring. A plurality of supporting bins are evenly distributed on the left part of the connecting tube according to the circumference. The supporting bins are all slidably connected to the anti-slip frame, and the left and right parts of the anti-slip frame are both connected to the adjacent supporting bins with a second spring.

[0015] In addition, it is particularly preferred that the method further comprises the following steps:

[0016] S1: Carry the device to the hard rock pre-splitting and loosening blasting area, and then determine the hard rock pre-splitting and loosening blasting position;

[0017] S2: Hold the connecting tube and insert the energy-gathering tube into the borehole, and use the rotating cover to block the gravel. When the sliding frame contacts the deepest part of the borehole, continue to move the energy-gathering tube, so that the sliding frame moves on the guide column, and the first spring is squeezed and contracted, so that the rotating cover rotates and opens on the energy-gathering tube through the sliding groove, so that the V-shaped energy-gathering groove is aligned with the blasting position. After the work preparation is completed, pull the detonating cord to detonate the detonator to complete the blasting work;

[0018] S3: When the connecting pipe moves into the borehole, the rotating block contacts the inner wall of the borehole, driving the rotating block to rotate, causing the rotating shaft to rotate on the supporting ring, and the torsion spring to deform. When the rotating block rotates until it no longer contacts the inner wall of the borehole, the torsion spring recovers, driving the rotating block to rotate and reset, causing the rotating block to contact the inner wall of the borehole, and the rotating block is limited when it reaches the specified position;

[0019] S4: When the connecting tube is inserted into the drill hole, the anti-slip frame contacts the inner wall of the drill hole, so that the anti-slip frame moves on the support bin, and the second spring is squeezed and contracted. When the energy-gathering tube moves to a certain position, the anti-slip frame is pressed against the inner wall of the drill hole under the action of the second spring, and the energy-gathering tube is moved in a direction.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. The present invention shields the gravel by a rotating cover. When the sliding frame contacts the deepest part of the borehole, it prevents slipping by an anti-skid pad. The energy-gathering tube continues to be moved, so that the sliding frame moves and the rotating cover rotates and opens, thereby achieving the effect of shielding the gravel when the energy-gathering tube is inserted into the borehole, preventing the gravel from being stuck in the V-shaped energy-gathering groove to hinder energy concentration, and improving the hard rock blasting effect.

[0021] 2. The present invention rotates the rotating block to rotate the rotating shaft and deform the torsion spring. When the rotating block rotates until it no longer contacts the inner wall of the borehole, the torsion spring recovers and drives the rotating block to rotate and reset, so that the rotating block contacts the inner wall of the borehole, thereby limiting the position of the device and avoiding the device from retreating due to the tilt of the installation position, thereby ensuring that the device is stable at the blasting position.

[0022] 3. The present invention moves the anti-slip frame on the supporting bin, and the second spring is squeezed and contracted. When the energy focusing tube moves to a certain position, the second spring enables the anti-slip frame to cling to the inner wall of the borehole, thereby achieving the effect of directional movement of the energy focusing tube and preventing the energy focusing tube from rotating in the borehole and causing the V-shaped energy focusing groove to deviate from the blasting position. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the shielding mechanism of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 It is a partial three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the shielding mechanism of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional view of the shielding mechanism of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the anti-retreat mechanism of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the orientation mechanism of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 8 It is a cross-sectional view of the orientation mechanism of the present invention.

[0031] In the figure: 1. connecting tube, 2. energy-gathering tube, 3. sealing plate, 4. detonator, 5. detonating cord, 6. shielding mechanism, 61. rotating cover, 62. sliding frame, 63. guide column, 64. first spring, 7. anti-retreat mechanism, 71. supporting ring, 72. rotating block, 73. rotating shaft, 74. torsion spring, 8. directional mechanism, 81. supporting bin, 82. anti-slip frame, 83. second spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these descriptions are only exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, in the following description, the description of well-known structures and technologies is omitted to avoid unnecessary confusion of the concept of the present invention.

[0033] A hard rock pre-splitting loosening blasting device and method, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, it includes a connecting tube 1, an energy-gathering tube 2, a blocking piece 3, a detonator 4, a detonating cord 5 and a shielding mechanism 6. The energy-gathering tube 2 is connected to the right side of the connecting tube 1. Six V-shaped energy-gathering grooves are opened on the energy-gathering tube 2. The energy-gathering grooves are used to utilize the energy-gathering effect of the V-shaped energy-gathering grooves for concentrated blasting during blasting. The blocking piece 3 is connected to the right side of the energy-gathering tube 2. The inside of the energy-gathering tube 2 is connected to the detonating cord 5. The detonating cord 5 passes through the connecting tube 1. A shielding mechanism 6 is provided between the energy-gathering tube 2 and the blocking piece 3, which can shield the gravel when the energy-gathering tube 2 is inserted into the drill hole.

[0034] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the shielding mechanism 6 includes a rotating cover 61, a sliding frame 62, a guide column 63 and a first spring 64. The rotating cover 61 is rotatably connected to the energy-gathering tube 2. Six sliding grooves are opened on the right part of the rotating cover 61. The guide column 63 is connected to the right side of the middle part of the blocking piece 3. The sliding frame 62 is slidably connected to the guide column 63. The sliding frame 62 is provided with an anti-skid pad for anti-skid. The sliding frame 62 is slidably matched with the rotating cover 61. The first spring 64 is connected between the sliding frame 62 and the guide column 63.

[0035] When using the device, first carry the device to the hard rock pre-cracking and loosening blasting area, then hold the connecting tube 1 to insert the energy-gathering tube 2 into the borehole, and use the rotating cover 61 to block the gravel. When the sliding frame 62 contacts the deepest part of the borehole, use the anti-skid pad to prevent slipping, and continue to move the energy-gathering tube 2 so that the sliding frame 62 moves on the guide column 63. The first spring 64 is squeezed and contracted, so that the rotating cover 61 is rotated and opened on the energy-gathering tube 2 through the slide groove, so that the V-shaped energy-gathering groove is aligned with the blasting position, so that the energy-gathering tube 2 can be inserted into the borehole to block the gravel, avoid the gravel getting stuck in the V-shaped energy-gathering groove to hinder the concentration of energy, and improve the hard rock blasting effect. After the work preparation is completed, pull the detonating cord 5 to detonate the detonator 4 to complete the blasting work.

[0036] like Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown, it also includes an anti-retreat mechanism 7, which includes a support ring 71, a rotating block 72, a rotating shaft 73 and a torsion spring 74. The right part of the connecting tube 1 is connected to the support ring 71, and the outside of the support ring 71 is rotatably connected to three rotating shafts 73. The rotating shafts 73 are all connected to rotating blocks 72, and the rotating blocks 72 are all provided with anti-skid patterns to facilitate anti-skid. The rotating blocks 72 are all fan-shaped, and the rotating shafts 73 are connected to the support ring 71 with torsion springs 74.

[0037] When the anti-retreat mechanism 7 of the device is used, the device can be limited. When the connecting pipe 1 moves into the borehole, the rotating block 72 contacts the inner wall of the borehole, driving the rotating block 72 to rotate, causing the rotating shaft 73 to rotate on the support ring 71, and the torsion spring 74 is deformed. When the rotating block 72 rotates until it no longer contacts the inner wall of the borehole, the torsion spring 74 recovers, driving the rotating block 72 to rotate and reset, so that the rotating block 72 contacts the inner wall of the borehole. The above operation is repeated until the specified position is reached. After reaching the specified position, the rotating block 72 is used to limit the position, and the anti-slip grooves are used to prevent slipping, so that the device can be limited to avoid the device from retreating due to the tilt of the installation position, thereby ensuring that the device is stable in the blasting position.

[0038] like Figure 1 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, it also includes an orienting mechanism 8, which includes a supporting bin 81, an anti-slip frame 82 and a second spring 83. Three supporting bins 81 are evenly distributed on the left side of the connecting pipe 1 along the circumference. The supporting bins 81 are all slidably connected with the anti-slip frame 82, and the left and right parts of the anti-slip frame 82 are connected to the adjacent supporting bins 81 with a second spring 83.

[0039] When using the directional mechanism 8 of the present device, the energy-gathering tube 2 can be directed and moved. When the connecting tube 1 is inserted into the borehole, the anti-slip frame 82 contacts the inner wall of the borehole, so that the anti-slip frame 82 moves on the support bin 81, and the second spring 83 is squeezed and contracted. When the energy-gathering tube 2 moves to a certain position, under the action of the second spring 83, the anti-slip frame 82 is tightly attached to the inner wall of the borehole, thereby enabling the energy-gathering tube 2 to be directed and moved, thereby preventing the energy-gathering tube 2 from rotating in the borehole and causing the V-shaped energy-gathering groove to deviate from the blasting position.

[0040] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hard rock pre-splitting loosening blasting device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a connecting tube (1), an energy-gathering tube (2), a blocking piece (3), a detonator (4), a detonating cord (5) and a shielding mechanism (6); the right side of the connecting tube (1) is connected to the energy-gathering tube (2); the right side of the energy-gathering tube (2) is connected to the blocking piece (3); the inside of the energy-gathering tube (2) is connected to the detonator (4); the left side of the detonator (4) is connected to the detonating cord (5); the detonating cord (5) passes through the connecting tube (1); and a shielding mechanism (6) is provided between the energy-gathering tube (2) and the blocking piece (3) so as to shield gravel when the energy-gathering tube (2) is inserted into a borehole.

2. A hard rock pre-splitting loosening blasting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy concentrating tube (2) is provided with a plurality of V-shaped energy concentrating grooves.

3. A hard rock pre-splitting and loosening blasting device according to claim 2, characterized in that the shield The mechanism (6) comprises a rotating cover (61), a sliding frame (62), a guide column (63) and a first spring (64); the rotating cover (61) is rotatably connected to the energy-gathering tube (2); the guide column (63) is connected to the right side of the middle of the blocking piece (3); the sliding frame (62) is slidably connected to the guide column (63); the sliding frame (62) and the rotating cover (61) are slidably matched; the first spring (64) is connected between the sliding frame (62) and the guide column (63); the connecting tube (1) is held to insert the energy-gathering tube (2) into the borehole, and the gravel is shielded by the rotating cover (61); when the sliding frame (62) contacts the deepest part of the borehole, the energy-gathering tube (2) is continuously moved, so that the sliding frame (62) moves on the guide column (63); the first spring (64) is squeezed and contracted, so that the rotating cover (61) is rotated and opened on the energy-gathering tube (2).

4. A hard rock pre-splitting loosening blasting device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The right part of the rotating cover (61) is provided with a plurality of sliding grooves.

5. A hard rock pre-splitting and loosening blasting device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sliding frame (62) is provided with an anti-skid pad.

6. A hard rock pre-splitting and loosening blasting device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The invention also comprises an anti-retraction mechanism (7), which comprises a support ring (71), a rotating block (72), a rotating shaft (73) and a torsion spring (74). The right part of the connecting tube (1) is connected to the support ring (71), and the support ring (71) is externally rotatably connected to a plurality of rotating shafts (73). The rotating shafts (73) are all connected to the rotating blocks (72), and the rotating shafts (73) and the supporting ring (71) are all connected to the torsion spring (74). The rotating block (72) contacts the inner wall of the borehole, driving the rotating block (72) to rotate, so that the rotating shaft (73) rotates on the support ring (71), and the torsion spring (74) is deformed. When the rotating block (72) rotates until it no longer contacts the inner wall of the borehole, the torsion spring (74) is restored, driving the rotating block (72) to rotate and reset, so that the rotating block (72) contacts the inner wall of the borehole.

7. A hard rock pre-splitting and loosening blasting device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The rotating blocks (72) are all provided with anti-skid patterns.

8. A hard rock pre-splitting and loosening blasting device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The rotating blocks (72) are all fan-shaped.

9. A hard rock pre-splitting and loosening blasting device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The invention also comprises an orientation mechanism (8), which comprises a support bin (81), an anti-slip frame (82) and a second spring (83). The left part of the connecting tube (1) is provided with a plurality of support bins (81) evenly distributed along the circumference. The support bins (81) are all slidably connected with anti-slip frames (82). The left and right parts of the anti-slip frame (82) are both connected with the second spring (83) between the adjacent support bins (81). The anti-slip frame (82) contacts the inner wall of the borehole, so that the anti-slip frame (82) moves on the support bin (81). The second spring (83) is squeezed and contracted. When the energy-gathering tube (2) moves to a certain position, the anti-slip frame (82) is tightly attached to the inner wall of the borehole under the action of the second spring (83).

10. A method for using a hard rock pre-splitting loosening blasting device and method according to claims 1-9, characterized in that: It also includes the following steps: S1: Carry the device to the hard rock pre-splitting and loosening blasting area, and then determine the hard rock pre-splitting and loosening blasting position; S2: Hold the connecting tube (1) and insert the energy-gathering tube (2) into the drill hole, and use the rotating cover (61) to block the gravel. When the sliding frame (62) contacts the deepest part of the drill hole, continue to move the energy-gathering tube (2), so that the sliding frame (62) moves on the guide column (63), and the first spring (64) is squeezed and contracted, so that the rotating cover (61) rotates and opens on the energy-gathering tube (2) through the sliding groove, so that the V-shaped energy-gathering groove is aligned with the blasting position. After the work preparation is completed, pull the detonating cord (5) to detonate the detonator (4), and complete the blasting work; S3: When the connecting tube (1) moves into the borehole, the rotating block (72) contacts the inner wall of the borehole, driving the rotating block (72) to rotate, causing the rotating shaft (73) to rotate on the supporting ring (71), and the torsion spring (74) to deform. When the rotating block (72) rotates until it no longer contacts the inner wall of the borehole, the torsion spring (74) recovers, driving the rotating block (72) to rotate and reset, causing the rotating block (72) to contact the inner wall of the borehole, and after reaching a specified position, the rotating block (72) is limited. S4: When the connecting tube (1) is inserted into the drill hole, the anti-slip frame (82) contacts the inner wall of the drill hole, so that the anti-slip frame (82) moves on the support bin (81), and the second spring (83) is squeezed and contracted. When the energy-gathering tube (2) moves to a certain position, under the action of the second spring (83), the anti-slip frame (82) is closely attached to the inner wall of the drill hole, and the energy-gathering tube (2) is moved in a directional manner.

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