Installation and analysis method of a high-slope surface deformation monitoring device based on the magnetic grating sensing principle

Abstract

The present invention discloses an installation and analysis method for a high slope surface deformation monitoring device based on the magnetic grating sensing principle, which includes using a magnetic grating type cable displacement sensor to monitor the deformation of the slope surface with high precision and continuity, processing and analyzing the monitoring data to obtain the displacement change vector field of the entire slope surface, calculating the deformation field of the entire monitoring area, and based on the results of continuous monitoring and data analysis, proposing an instability criterion for the slope surface deformation and conducting a detailed instability risk assessment. The present invention can effectively reduce manual intervention and eliminate the interference of external environmental factors, realizing continuous and high-precision monitoring of the slope surface deformation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of geological disaster prevention, and particularly to an installation and analysis method for a high-slope surface deformation monitoring device based on the magnetic grating sensing principle. Background Art

[0002] Monitoring the surface deformation of slopes is one of the key links in geological disaster prevention and control. The deformation of slopes is usually an early signal of potential instability. Therefore, it is crucial to timely master the surface deformation of slopes to prevent disasters. However, the existing slope surface deformation monitoring technologies are often restricted by environmental factors in practical applications and are difficult to achieve continuous and accurate monitoring.

[0003] Traditional slope monitoring devices are prone to being interfered by external factors when facing complex terrains and harsh environments (such as high temperature, low temperature, sand and dust, rainfall, etc.), resulting in inaccurate monitoring data or device damage. In addition, due to equipment maintenance or power supply problems, many monitoring methods cannot conduct long-term and continuous monitoring, thus possibly missing the key data points of slope deformation and affecting the timeliness of early warning. The installation of some slope monitoring devices is cumbersome and requires regular maintenance or calibration, which not only increases the usage cost but also may lead to the interruption of monitoring data due to untimely maintenance. In addition, the existing monitoring methods have delays in data acquisition and transmission and cannot achieve real-time monitoring and instant analysis, making it difficult to make timely judgments on the deformation trend of slopes.

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides an installation and analysis method for a high-slope surface deformation monitoring device based on the magnetic grating sensing principle, which can continuously and accurately obtain the deformation law and trend of the slope surface. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides an installation and analysis method for a high-slope surface deformation monitoring device based on the magnetic grating sensing principle, which can continuously and accurately obtain the deformation law and trend of the slope surface.

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide an installation for a high-slope surface deformation monitoring device based on the magnetic grating sensing principle. The specific installation steps of the monitoring device are as follows:

[0007] Step 1: Arrangement of monitoring points and fixed points: In the slope monitoring range, several monitoring points and fixed points are selected. The monitoring points are set in the key areas where displacement occurs, while the fixed points should be selected in relatively stable areas that are not prone to deformation. At least 3 fixed points are set around each monitoring point. For each monitoring point and fixed point, their three-dimensional spatial coordinates (x, y, z) need to be accurately measured and recorded, where x represents the horizontal direction along the slope surface, y represents the vertical direction along the slope surface, and z represents the elevation of the point.

[0008] Step 2. Drilling and Piling: Drill holes at the monitoring points and fixed points respectively, and drive in monitoring piles and fixed piles. These piles will serve as the base points for the sensors. After drilling, backfill with concrete or cement mortar.

[0009] Step 3. Installation of Magnetostrictive Rope Displacement Sensors: Install 3 - 4 magnetostrictive rope displacement sensors on each monitoring pile. Each sensor is connected to the surrounding fixed points through a rope. Through this layout, an interconnected rope network is formed, which can capture the displacement coordinate changes of each monitoring point and fixed point, and thus reflect the deformation of the entire slope.

[0010] Step 4. Construction of the Surface Monitoring Network System: According to Steps 1 to 3, connect all the monitoring points and fixed points through rope displacement sensors to form a complete slope surface monitoring network, covering the entire slope monitoring area. The relative displacement changes between the monitoring points reflect the local and overall surface deformation behavior of the slope.

[0011] An analysis method for the surface deformation of high slopes based on the magnetostrictive sensing principle, including monitoring data acquisition and transmission, monitoring data analysis, and risk assessment of slope surface deformation and instability.

[0012] Further, the specific steps of monitoring data acquisition and transmission are as follows:

[0013] Step 1. Divide all the installed magnetostrictive rope displacement sensors in the monitoring area into zones, connect the magnetostrictive rope sensors in each zone in series through cables, and then connect them to each data acquisition instrument.

[0014] Step 2. Connect the acquisition instrument to the cloud server through the wireless network, upload the data to the cloud in real - time, and obtain the deformation monitoring data at each moment through the analysis software on the cloud server.

[0015] Step 3. Complete data transmission through the data acquisition instrument, IoT gateway, 4G / 5G base station, cloud server, monitoring center, and mobile terminal.

[0016] Further, the specific steps of monitoring data analysis are as follows:

[0017] Step 1. Benchmark Record of the Initial State: After completing the installation of the monitoring system, first record the initial position coordinates of each monitoring point and fixed point. Record the initial coordinates of the k - th point, denoted as (x k0 ,y k0 ,z k0 ). At the same time, measure and record the initial length of the rope between two points, denoted as l i0 , where i is the rope connected to node k (i = 1, 2, 3, 4). These initial data will serve as the benchmark for subsequent deformation calculations.

[0018] Step 2. Establishment of GNSS reference point: Set a GNSS reference point a within the monitoring area, and its initial coordinates are (x a0 , y a0 , z a0 ). The coordinate transformation between all monitoring points and the fixed point takes the coordinates of GNSS reference point a as the reference coordinates to obtain the relative displacement changes of each point within the actual monitoring area. In addition, select a stable reference point b outside the monitoring range as a fixed point and install a second GNSS device, and its coordinates are (x b , y b , z b ). Through the relative displacement between these two GNSS points, obtain the absolute position changes of each point within the monitoring area;

[0019] Step 3. Real-time data acquisition and processing: During the monitoring process, the magnetostrictive wire displacement sensor will record the change amount Δl of each wire length in real time i . Through these change amounts, obtain the relative displacement between the k-th node and the adjacent 3 - 4 nodes. Among them, the change length of each wire is the relative displacement between the k-th node and the adjacent 3 - 4 nodes. At time t, collect the measured values of each magnetostrictive wire displacement sensor to obtain the displacement change amounts of each wire within Δt time. These displacement changes will form a set of continuous time series data on the time axis, denoted as Δl 1 (t), Δl 2 (t), Δl 3 (t), ……, Δl n (t), where n is the number of wires; Step 4. Coordinate calculation and geometric relationship analysis: According to the change amount Δl i (t) of the lengths of the wires connected to node k within Δt time, combined with the principles of geometry and trigonometric function relationships, given the changes in the three directions of x, y, and z in the three-dimensional coordinate system, using the Pythagorean theorem, the displacement change amount between two points in space can be calculated to obtain the new coordinates (x kt , y kt , z kt ) of node k at time t. Starting from the known wire length changes and the initial positions of each point, referring to the GNSS absolute position coordinates, gradually calculate the displacements of each point relative to the initial position and the moving position coordinates. By adding and subtracting the initial coordinates according to the wire length deformation amounts of the known deformation area, the new position coordinates can be obtained. Given the GNSS fixed point coordinates, they can be used as a reference. Taking the fixed point coordinates as the benchmark, obtain the absolute coordinate changes of each point within the deformation area;

[0020] Step 5. Overall deformation analysis and displacement vector field calculation: Through the coordinate change values of node k obtained in Step 4, at time t, obtain the displacement vector of node k, that is By analogy, the displacement vectors of all monitoring points and fixed points in the monitoring area over a period of time are obtained. Since the slope is a continuous body, based on the displacement changes of each monitoring point and fixed point, through interpolation, the deformation conditions of other unmonitored points are inferred. That is, through the known displacement data of each point, the surface deformation field of the entire slope monitoring area is constructed. For example, if the displacement data of each point is known, a deformation field cloud map is made through Matlab or Python, thereby constructing the displacement vector field of the entire slope surface;

[0021] Step Six: Deformation Mode Identification and Trend Analysis: Based on the displacement vector field, further analyze the deformation mode and trend of the slope. Through the analysis of time series data, the deformation field and vector field are obtained respectively, and the acceleration section, stable section, deceleration section and convergence time of the slope deformation, as well as the deformation type, are identified;

[0022] Step Seven: Data Storage and Output: The processed data should be output in the form of charts, models and reports. The displacement vector cloud map and deformation distribution map generated through Matlb or Python provide intuitive monitoring results, thereby assisting in formulating corresponding safety protection measures.

[0023] Furthermore, the specific steps for the risk assessment of slope surface deformation instability are as follows:

[0024] Step One: Adopt the seepage-creep-damage coupling analysis method to dynamically track and invert the deformation process of the slope surface. By comparing the predicted values with the actual monitoring values, calibrate the mechanical parameters of the slope and finely adjust the numerical simulation model. On this basis, use the calibrated numerical model to simulate and predict the long-term evolution trend of the slope surface deformation, propose the instability criterion applicable to the slope surface deformation, analyze and identify the parts with weak anti-sliding stability of the slope and the instability failure mode, and finally complete the risk assessment of the slope surface deformation instability.

[0025] This invention of the present has the following advantages: This invention uses a magnetic grating type wire rope displacement sensor to monitor the deformation of the slope surface with high precision and continuity. This sensor has the ability to adapt to complex and harsh environments and can maintain stable measurement accuracy under changing climatic conditions.

[0026] This invention realizes the automatic monitoring of the slope surface deformation through a magnetic grating sensor, reduces the necessity of manual intervention and operation, and ensures the continuity and real-time nature of the monitoring data. This monitoring method can grasp the surface deformation situation of the slope in real time and discover potential dangers in time.

[0027] This invention processes and analyzes the monitoring data to obtain the displacement change vector field of the entire slope surface and calculates the deformation field of the entire monitoring area.

[0028] The present invention can propose an instability criterion for slope surface deformation and conduct a detailed instability risk assessment. This not only provides a scientific basis for slope stability analysis but also offers an important reference for the safety management and decision-making of slope engineering. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic installation diagram of the monitoring device of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the monitoring data acquisition and transmission structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 It is a technical roadmap for the instability risk assessment of slope surface deformation of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 It is an implementation diagram of the instability risk assessment of slope surface deformation of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0033] The present invention provides an installation of a high-slope surface deformation monitoring device based on the magnetic grating sensing principle. The specific installation steps of the monitoring device are as follows:

[0034] Step 1. Arrangement of monitoring points and fixed points: In the slope monitoring range, several monitoring points and fixed points are selected. The monitoring points are set in the key areas where displacement occurs, while the fixed points should be selected in relatively stable areas that are not prone to deformation. At least 3 fixed points are set around each monitoring point. For each monitoring point and fixed point, their three-dimensional spatial coordinates (x, y, z) need to be accurately measured and recorded, where x represents the horizontal direction along the slope surface, y represents the vertical direction along the slope surface, and z represents the elevation of the point;

[0035] Step 2. Drilling and piling: Drill holes at the monitoring points and fixed points respectively, and drive monitoring piles and fixed piles. These piles will serve as the base points of the sensors. After drilling, backfill with concrete or cement mortar;

[0036] Step 3. Installation of magnetic grating wire displacement sensors: Install 3 - 4 magnetic grating wire displacement sensors on each monitoring pile. Each sensor is connected to the surrounding fixed points through a wire rope respectively. Through this layout, an interconnected wire rope network is formed, which can capture the displacement coordinate changes of each monitoring point and fixed point, and thus reflect the deformation of the entire slope;

[0037] Step 4. Construction of the surface monitoring network system: According to Steps 1 to 3, connect all the monitoring points and fixed points through wire rope displacement sensors to form a complete slope surface monitoring network covering the entire slope monitoring area. The relative displacement changes between the monitoring points reflect the local and overall slope surface deformation behavior.

[0038] A method for analyzing the surface deformation of high slopes based on the principle of magnetic grating sensing. The analysis method includes monitoring data acquisition and transmission, monitoring data analysis, and risk assessment of slope surface deformation and instability.

[0039] In this embodiment, the specific steps of monitoring data acquisition and transmission are as follows:

[0040] Step 1: Divide all the installed magnetic grating type wire rope displacement sensors in the monitoring area, connect the magnetic grating type wire rope sensors in each area in series through cables, and then connect them to each data collector.

[0041] Step 2: The collector is connected to the cloud server through a wireless network, and the data is uploaded to the cloud in real time. The deformation monitoring data at each moment is obtained through the analysis software on the cloud server.

[0042] Step 3: Complete data transmission through the data collector, Internet of Things gateway, 4G / 5G base station, cloud server, monitoring center, and mobile phone terminal.

[0043] In this embodiment, the specific steps of monitoring data analysis are as follows:

[0044] Step 1: Benchmark record in the initial state: After the installation of the monitoring system is completed, first record the initial position coordinates of each monitoring point and fixed point, record the initial coordinates of the k-th point, denoted as (x k0 , y k0 , z k0 ). At the same time, measure and record the initial length of the wire rope between the two points, denoted as l i0 , where i is the wire rope connected to node k (i = 1, 2, 3, 4). These initial data will be used as the benchmark for subsequent deformation calculations.

[0045] Step 2: Establishment of GNSS reference points: Set a GNSS reference point a in the monitoring area, and its initial coordinates are (x a0 , y a0 , z a0 ). The coordinate transformation of all monitoring points and fixed points is based on the coordinates of the GNSS reference point a as the reference coordinates to obtain the relative displacement changes of each point in the real monitoring area. In addition, select a stable reference point b outside the monitoring range, regarded as a fixed point, and install a second GNSS device, and its coordinates are (x b , y b , z b ). Through the relative displacement between these two GNSS points, obtain the absolute position changes of each point in the monitoring area.

[0046] Step 3: Real-time data acquisition and processing: During the monitoring process, the magnetic grating type wire rope displacement sensor will record the change amount Δl of each wire rope length in real time i, Through these change amounts, obtain the relative displacement between the k-th node and its adjacent 3 - 4 nodes. Among them, the change lengths of each guy wire are the relative displacements between the k-th node and its adjacent 3 - 4 nodes. At time t, collect the measured values of each magnetic grating guy wire displacement sensor to obtain the displacement change amounts of each guy wire within Δt time. These displacement changes will form a set of continuous time series data on the time axis, denoted as Δl 1 (t), Δl 2 (t), Δl 3 (t), ……, Δl n (t), where n is the number of guy wires; Step 4: Coordinate calculation and geometric relationship analysis: According to the change amounts Δl i (t) of the lengths of the guy wires connected to node k within Δt time, combined with the principles of geometry and trigonometric function relationships, given the changes in the x, y, and z directions in a three-dimensional coordinate system, using the Pythagorean theorem, the displacement change amount between two points in space can be calculated, and the new coordinates (x kt , y kt , z kt ) of node k at time t can be obtained. Starting from the known changes in guy wire lengths and the initial positions of each point, referring to the GNSS absolute position coordinates, gradually calculate the displacements of each point relative to the initial position and the moving position coordinates. By adding or subtracting the initial coordinates according to the deformation amounts of the guy wire lengths for the known initial coordinates of each point in the deformation area, the new position coordinates can be obtained. Given the GNSS fixed point coordinates, they can be used as a reference, and based on the fixed point coordinates, the absolute changes in the coordinates of each point in the deformation area can be obtained;

[0047] Step 5: Overall deformation analysis and displacement vector field calculation: Through the coordinate change values of node k obtained in Step 4, at time t, obtain the displacement vector of node k, that is And so on, obtain the displacement vectors of all monitoring points and fixed points in the monitoring area within a period of time. The slope is a continuous body. According to the displacement changes of each monitoring point and fixed point, through interpolation, infer the deformation conditions of other unmonitored points, that is, construct the surface deformation field of the entire slope monitoring area through the known displacement data of each point. For example, if the displacement data of each point is known, make a deformation field cloud map through matlab or python, thereby constructing the displacement vector field of the entire slope surface;

[0048] Step 6: Deformation mode identification and trend analysis: Based on the displacement vector field, further analyze the deformation mode and trend of the slope. Through the analysis of time series data, obtain the deformation field and vector field respectively, identify the acceleration section, stable section, deceleration section, and convergence time of the slope deformation, as well as the deformation type;

[0049] Step 7: Data storage and output: The processed data should be output in the form of charts, models, and reports. Displacement vector cloud maps and deformation distribution maps generated by Matlab or Python are provided to give intuitive monitoring results, thereby assisting in formulating corresponding safety protection measures.

[0050] In this embodiment, the specific steps for risk assessment of slope surface deformation instability are as follows:

[0051] Step 1: Adopt a seepage-creep-damage coupling analysis method to dynamically track and invert the deformation process of the slope surface. By comparing the predicted values with the actual monitoring values, calibrate the mechanical parameters of the slope and refine the numerical simulation model. On this basis, use the calibrated numerical model to simulate and predict the long-term evolution trend of the slope surface deformation, propose an instability criterion applicable to the slope surface deformation, analyze and identify the parts with weak anti-sliding stability of the slope and the instability failure mode, and finally complete the risk assessment of the slope surface deformation instability.

[0052] In this embodiment, as Figure 4 shown, through numerical simulation, a two-dimensional slope model is constructed, and numerical back-analysis is carried out based on the monitoring data to simulate the actual working conditions and reveal its shallow sliding instability mode.

[0053] Although the specific implementation manners of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, it should not be construed as a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention. Within the scope described in the claims, various modifications and deformations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative efforts still fall within the protection scope of this patent.

Claims

1. A method for analyzing high slope surface deformation based on magnetic grating sensing principle, characterized in that: The analysis method includes monitoring data acquisition and transmission, monitoring data analysis and slope surface deformation and instability risk assessment; The specific steps of monitoring data collection and transmission are as follows: Step 1: divide all installed magnetic grating type pull-wire displacement sensors in the monitoring area into zones, connect the magnetic grating type pull-wire sensors in each zone in series through cables, and then connect them to each data acquisition instrument; Step 2: The data collector is connected to the cloud server via a wireless network, and the data is uploaded to the cloud in real time. The deformation monitoring data at each moment is obtained through the analysis software on the cloud server; Step 3: Complete data transmission through data acquisition instrument, IoT gateway, 4G / 5G base station, cloud server, monitoring center and mobile phone; The specific steps of monitoring data analysis are as follows: Step 1. Initial state benchmark record: After completing the installation of the monitoring system, first record the initial position coordinates of each monitoring point and fixed point, and record the initial coordinates of the kth point, recorded as ( ), at the same time, measure and record the initial length of the rope between the two points, recorded as , where i is the rope connected to node k, i=1,2,3,4. These initial data will serve as the basis for subsequent deformation calculations; Step 2: Establishment of GNSS reference point: Set a GNSS reference point a in the monitoring area, and its initial coordinates are ( ), the coordinate transformation of all monitoring points and fixed points is based on the coordinates of the GNSS reference point a as the reference coordinates, and the relative displacement changes of each point in the real monitoring area are obtained. In addition, a stable reference point b is selected outside the monitoring range and regarded as a fixed point. The second GNSS device is installed, and its coordinates are ( ), and obtain the absolute position change of each point in the monitoring area through the relative displacement between the two GNSS points; Step 3: Real-time data collection and processing: During the monitoring process, the magnetic grating pull rope displacement sensor will record the change in the length of each pull rope in real time. , through these changes, the relative displacement between the kth node and the adjacent 3-4 nodes is obtained, where the change length of each pull rope is the relative displacement between the kth node and the adjacent 3-4 nodes. At time t, the measured values ​​of each magnetic grating pull rope displacement sensor are collected to obtain the relative displacement of each pull rope at The displacement changes within a certain period of time. These displacement changes will form a set of continuous time series data on the time axis, recorded as , , ,……, , where n is the number of pull ropes; Step 4: Coordinate calculation and geometric relationship analysis: The change in the length of each rope connected to node k over time , combining the geometric principles and trigonometric function relationships, knowing the changes in the three directions of xyz in the three-dimensional coordinate system, using the Pythagorean theorem, calculate the displacement change between two points in space, and obtain the new coordinates of node k at time t ( ), starting from the known change in the length of the rope and the initial position of each point, refer to the GNSS absolute position coordinates, and gradually calculate the displacement of each point relative to the initial position and the position coordinates of the movement. Through the known initial coordinates of each point in the deformation area, according to the deformation of the rope length, the initial coordinates are added or subtracted to obtain the new position coordinates. The known GNSS fixed point coordinates are used as a reference, and the fixed point coordinates are used as a benchmark to obtain the absolute change of the coordinates of each point in the deformation area; Step 5: Overall deformation analysis and displacement vector field calculation: The displacement vector of node k at time t is obtained by using the coordinate change value of node k obtained in step 4, that is, , and so on, the displacement vectors of all monitoring points and fixed points in the monitoring area within a period of time are obtained. The slope is a continuum. According to the displacement changes of each monitoring point and fixed point, the deformation of other unmonitored points can be inferred through interpolation, that is, the surface deformation field of the entire slope monitoring area is constructed through the known displacement data of each point. If the displacement data of each point is known, the deformation field cloud map is made through matlab or python, thereby constructing the displacement vector field of the entire slope surface; Step 6, deformation pattern recognition and trend analysis: Based on the displacement vector field, further analyze the pattern and trend of slope deformation. By analyzing the time series data, the deformation field and vector field are obtained respectively, and the acceleration section, stable section, deceleration section and convergence time of slope deformation, as well as the deformation type, are identified; Step 7. Data storage and output: The processed data should be output in the form of charts, models and reports. The displacement vector cloud map and deformation distribution map generated by matlb or Python can provide intuitive monitoring results to assist in formulating corresponding safety protection measures.

2. The method for analyzing high slope surface deformation based on magnetic grating sensing principle as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of slope surface deformation and instability risk assessment are as follows: The seepage-creep-damage coupling analysis method is adopted to dynamically track and invert the deformation process of the slope surface. By comparing the predicted values ​​with the actual monitoring values, the mechanical parameters of the slope are calibrated, and the numerical simulation model is fine-tuned. On this basis, the calibrated numerical model is used to simulate and predict the long-term evolution trend of the slope surface deformation, and an instability criterion suitable for the slope surface deformation is proposed. The parts of the slope with weak anti-sliding stability and the instability failure mode are analyzed and identified, and finally the risk assessment of slope surface deformation and instability is completed.

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