Antenna unit, antenna array and communication equipment

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses an antenna unit, an antenna array and communication equipment, a radiation patch is directly attached to the inner side of an antenna housing, so that a structure such as a fixing layer or a fixing buckle does not need to be introduced to support the radiation patch, the antenna structure is simpler, the overall profile height of the antenna can be effectively reduced, and the antenna efficiency is improved. And the design concept of low profile of the existing antenna is met. Besides, the feed network is integrally formed through a sheet metal process, required lines can be directly integrally processed, other structures do not need to be additionally arranged at the suspended position for fixation, assembly is simpler, the strength and consistency of the antenna are enhanced, the problems of high assembly cost and difficulty are solved, automatic assembly and production of the antenna are more facilitated, and the antenna is suitable for popularization and application. And the labor input for assembling the antenna is greatly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of microwave communication technology, and in particular to an antenna unit, an antenna array and a communication device. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of mobile communication technology, antennas have become an indispensable part of communication equipment. In addition to the higher electrical performance of antennas, people also have increasing requirements for the aesthetics of antennas as products. Transparent antennas, with their natural concealment characteristics, can better integrate into the environment and beautify communication equipment. In addition, lightweight antennas are also a major development direction of mobile communications. Summary of the invention

[0003] An antenna unit, an antenna array and a communication device provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure are used to provide a lightweight transparent antenna.

[0004] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an antenna unit, including:

[0005] substrate;

[0006] A radome, wherein the radome and the substrate form a cavity;

[0007] a radiation patch, the radiation patch being disposed in the cavity and connected to a side of the radome facing the substrate;

[0008] At least one feeding network, the feeding network is arranged in the cavity, the feeding network comprises: a planar transmission line arranged on a side of the substrate facing the radome, a coupling end arranged on a side close to the radiation patch and having a set gap with the radiation patch, and a longitudinal connecting line connecting the planar transmission line and the coupling end; wherein the planar transmission line, the longitudinal connecting line and the coupling end of the feeding network are integrally formed by sheet metal technology, and the feeding network is used to couple and feed the radiation patch;

[0009] A metal ground plate is arranged on a side of the substrate away from the radiation patch.

[0010] Optionally, in the above-mentioned antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the radiation patch and the metal ground plate both have a metal grid structure.

[0011] Optionally, in the above-mentioned antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the radiation patch is fixedly connected to the antenna cover by optical glue, and the metal ground plate is fixedly connected to the substrate by optical glue.

[0012] Optionally, in the above-mentioned antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the orthographic projection of the radiation patch on the substrate covers the orthographic projection of the coupling end and the longitudinal connecting line on the substrate, and covers at least part of the orthographic projection of the planar transmission line on the substrate.

[0013] Optionally, the antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure includes a first feeding network and a second feeding network that are independently arranged, wherein the first feeding network includes: a first planar transmission line arranged on the side of the substrate facing the antenna cover, a first coupling end arranged on the side close to the radiation patch and having a set gap with the radiation patch, and a first longitudinal connecting line connecting the first planar transmission line and the first coupling end; the second feeding network includes: a second planar transmission line arranged on the side of the substrate facing the antenna cover, a second coupling end arranged on the side close to the radiation patch and having a set gap with the radiation patch, and a second longitudinal connecting line connecting the second planar transmission line and the second coupling end; wherein the first planar transmission line, the first longitudinal connecting line and the first coupling end constitute a microstrip line and are integrally formed by a sheet metal process, and the second planar transmission line, the second longitudinal connecting line and the second coupling end constitute a microstrip line and are integrally formed by a sheet metal process.

[0014] Optionally, in the above-mentioned antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the orthographic projections of the first planar transmission line, the first longitudinal connecting line and the first coupling end on the substrate are located on a first straight line, and the orthographic projections of the second planar transmission line, the second longitudinal connecting line and the second coupling end on the substrate are located on a second straight line, and the first straight line and the second straight line are arranged orthogonally.

[0015] Optionally, in the above-mentioned antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the orthographic projections of the first feeding network and the second feeding network on the substrate do not overlap, and the first end of the first planar transmission line away from the first longitudinal connecting line is arranged close to the second end of the second planar transmission line away from the second longitudinal connecting line.

[0016] Optionally, in the above antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first feeding network further includes a third planar transmission line disposed on the substrate and connected to the first end, and the second feeding network further includes a fourth planar transmission line disposed on the substrate and connected to the second end; wherein,

[0017] The angle between the third planar transmission line and the first planar transmission line is greater than or equal to 90° and less than or equal to 135°, and the angle between the fourth planar transmission line and the second planar transmission line is greater than or equal to 90° and less than or equal to 135°.

[0018] Optionally, in the above-mentioned antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first feeding network and the second feeding network are mirror-symmetrical about the center of the radiation patch.

[0019] Optionally, in the above-mentioned antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the orthographic projections of the first coupling end and the second coupling end on the substrate overlap with each other, the first coupling end is arranged below the second coupling end, the first coupling end is bent toward a side close to the substrate at the overlap, and the second coupling end is bent toward a side away from the substrate at the overlap.

[0020] Optionally, in the above-mentioned antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the sum of the lengths of the first planar transmission line, the first longitudinal connecting line and the first coupling end is one-quarter wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna unit, and the sum of the lengths of the second planar transmission line, the second longitudinal connecting line and the second coupling end is one-quarter wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna unit.

[0021] Optionally, in the above antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, a first feeding network and a second feeding network which are independently arranged from each other are included;

[0022] The first feeding network includes: a first input port arranged on a side of the substrate facing the radome, a fifth planar transmission line and a sixth planar transmission line arranged on a side of the substrate facing the radome and connected to the first input port, a first differential coupling end and a second differential coupling end arranged on a side close to the radiation patch and having a set gap with the radiation patch, a third longitudinal connecting line connecting the fifth planar transmission line and the first differential coupling end, and a fourth longitudinal connecting line connecting the sixth planar transmission line and the second differential coupling end;

[0023] The second feeding network includes: a second input port arranged on a side of the substrate facing the radome, a seventh planar transmission line and an eighth planar transmission line arranged on a side of the substrate facing the radome and connected to the second input port, a third differential coupling end and a fourth differential coupling end arranged on a side close to the radiation patch and having a set gap with the radiation patch, a fifth longitudinal connecting line connecting the seventh planar transmission line and the third differential coupling end, and a sixth longitudinal connecting line connecting the eighth planar transmission line and the fourth differential coupling end;

[0024] Among them, the first input port, the fifth planar transmission line, the sixth planar transmission line, the third longitudinal connecting line, the fourth longitudinal connecting line, the first differential coupling end and the second differential coupling end constitute a differential structure and are integrally formed by sheet metal processing, and the second input port, the seventh planar transmission line, the eighth planar transmission line, the fifth longitudinal connecting line, the sixth longitudinal connecting line, the third differential coupling end and the fourth differential coupling end constitute a differential structure and are integrally formed by sheet metal processing.

[0025] Optionally, in the above antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first input port and the second input port are arranged opposite to each other, and a line connecting the first differential coupling end and the second differential coupling end is arranged orthogonally to a line connecting the third differential coupling end and the fourth differential coupling end;

[0026] The radiation patch is divided into four regions along its symmetry axis, and the first differential coupling end, the second differential coupling end, the third differential coupling end and the fourth differential coupling end are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with each of the regions.

[0027] Optionally, in the above-mentioned antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the difference in length between the fifth planar transmission line and the sixth planar transmission line is half the wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna unit, and the difference in length between the seventh planar transmission line and the eighth planar transmission line is half the wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna unit.

[0028] Optionally, in the above-mentioned antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the fifth planar transmission line, the sixth planar transmission line, the seventh planar transmission line and the eighth planar transmission line are respectively fold lines.

[0029] Optionally, in the above-mentioned antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, an orthographic projection of the first feeding network on the substrate and an orthographic projection of the second feeding network on the substrate do not overlap.

[0030] Optionally, in the above-mentioned antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the fifth planar transmission line and the sixth planar transmission line constitute a semi-closed structure, a portion of the seventh planar transmission line extends into the semi-closed structure through a gap in the semi-closed structure, and the eighth planar transmission line is located outside the semi-closed structure.

[0031] Optionally, in the above-mentioned antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the shapes of the first differential coupling end, the second differential coupling end, the third differential coupling end and the fourth differential coupling end include an "L" shape, and one end of the long side of each "L" shape away from the short side is respectively connected to the third longitudinal connecting line, the fourth longitudinal connecting line, the fifth longitudinal connecting line and the sixth longitudinal connecting line one by one, and the short side of each "L" shape is arranged close to the center of the radiation patch.

[0032] Optionally, in the above antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the long side and the short side of the “L” shape are both arranged parallel to the radiation patch;

[0033] Alternatively, the long side of the "L" shape is arranged parallel to the radiation patch, and the short side of the "L" shape is bent along one end of the long side toward a side away from the radiation patch.

[0034] Optionally, in the above-mentioned antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the "L"-shaped long side of the first differential coupling end and the "L"-shaped long side of the second differential coupling end are located on a third straight line, the "L"-shaped long side of the third differential coupling end and the "L"-shaped long side of the fourth differential coupling end are located on a fourth straight line, and the third straight line and the fourth straight line are arranged orthogonally.

[0035] Optionally, in the above-mentioned antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first differential coupling end, the second differential coupling end, the third differential coupling end and the fourth differential coupling end are mirror-symmetrical about the center of the radiation patch.

[0036] Optionally, in the above-mentioned antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the ratio of the size of the radiation patch to the wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna unit is 0.44 to 0.48.

[0037] Optionally, in the above-mentioned antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the shape of the radiation patch includes a square, a cut-corner square, a circle or a cut-corner polygon.

[0038] Optionally, in the above antenna unit provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, the shape of the radiation patch includes four integrally formed and centrally symmetrical circles or rhombuses;

[0039] Alternatively, the shape of the radiation patch includes four independently arranged and centrally symmetrical hexagons.

[0040] Optionally, in the above-mentioned antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the material of the substrate includes PC, COP, PET, PMMA or glass, and the material of the antenna cover includes PC, COP, PET or PMMA.

[0041] Correspondingly, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an antenna array, comprising the above-mentioned multiple antenna units provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0042] Optionally, in the above-mentioned antenna array provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the feeding network of the plurality of antenna units is integrally formed by sheet metal processing.

[0043] Correspondingly, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a communication device, comprising the above-mentioned antenna array provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0044] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present disclosure are as follows:

[0045] The antenna unit, antenna array and communication equipment provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure directly attach the radiation patch to the inner side of the antenna cover, so there is no need to introduce a fixed layer or a structure such as a fixed buckle to support the radiation patch. The antenna structure is simpler and the overall profile height of the antenna can be effectively reduced, which is in line with the design concept of the existing low-profile antenna. In addition, the feed network is integrated through sheet metal processing, and the required circuits can be directly processed as one piece, and no other structure is required to fix the suspended parts, which makes the assembly simpler. It not only enhances the strength and consistency of the antenna, but also solves the problem of assembly cost and difficulty, and is more conducive to the automated assembly and production of the antenna, greatly reducing the labor input for antenna assembly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present disclosure. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0047] Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of an antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0048] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The corresponding front view structure;

[0049] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The corresponding top view structure;

[0050] Figure 4 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of another antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0051] Figure 5 for Figure 4 The corresponding front view structure;

[0052] Figure 6 for Figure 4The corresponding top view structure;

[0053] Figure 7 for Figure 1 A three-dimensional enlarged schematic diagram of the first feeding network and the second feeding network;

[0054] Figure 8 A three-dimensional enlarged schematic diagram of another first feeding network and a second feeding network used in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0055] Fig. 9 for Figure 4 A top view structure of the first feeding network;

[0056] Fig.10 for Figure 4 A three-dimensional enlarged schematic diagram of the first feeding network;

[0057] Fig.11 for Figure 4 A top view structure of the second feeding network;

[0058] Fig.12 for Figure 4 A three-dimensional enlarged schematic diagram of the second feeding network;

[0059] Fig.13 A schematic plan view of a radiation patch provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0060] Fig.14 A schematic plan view of another radiation patch provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0061] Fig.15 A schematic plan view of another radiation patch provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0062] Fig.16 A schematic plan view of another radiation patch provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0063] Fig.17 A schematic plan view of another radiation patch provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0064] Fig.18 A schematic plan view of another radiation patch provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0065] Fig.19 A schematic plan view of another radiation patch provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0066] Fig. 20 A schematic plan view of another radiation patch provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0067] Fig.21 for Figure 1Schematic diagram of simulation results of standing wave ratio corresponding to the antenna unit shown;

[0068] Fig. 22 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of simulation results of coupling degree corresponding to the antenna unit shown;

[0069] Fig.23 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of simulation results of standing wave ratio corresponding to the antenna unit shown;

[0070] Fig.24 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of simulation results of coupling degree corresponding to the antenna unit shown;

[0071] Fig.25 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of simulation results of antenna gain corresponding to the antenna unit shown;

[0072] Fig.26 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of simulation results of the cross-polarization ratio corresponding to the antenna unit shown;

[0073] Fig. 27 To adopt Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a small base station antenna array formed by antenna units shown;

[0074] Fig.28 To adopt Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a small base station antenna array formed by antenna units shown;

[0075] Fig.29 for Fig. 27 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the first feeding network and the second feeding network;

[0076] Fig.30 for Fig.28 A plan view of the first feeding network and the second feeding network. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0077] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure clearer, the technical solution of the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, not all of the embodiments. And in the absence of conflict, the embodiments in the present disclosure and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. Based on the described embodiments of the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0078] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present disclosure should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present disclosure belongs. "First", "second" and similar words used in the present disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Include" or "comprise" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word cover the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect.

[0079] It should be noted that the sizes and shapes of the figures in the accompanying drawings do not reflect the actual proportions, and are only intended to illustrate the present disclosure. The same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions.

[0080] Antennas, as a conversion device between guided waves and free space transmission waves, play an irreplaceable role in the field of wireless communications. However, with the development of science and economy, people's living standards are improving, and the problem of electromagnetic radiation has begun to be paid attention to by more and more people. Cases of small base station antennas being damaged by humans in residential buildings occur from time to time. People want better signal coverage, but they don't want radiation. With its natural concealment characteristics, transparency can better integrate into the environment and beautify communication equipment. In addition, the concealability of transparent antennas can effectively reduce people's concerns about electromagnetic radiation. In addition, lightweight antennas are also a major direction of mobile communication development.

[0081] There are two main methods of base station antenna feeding in related technologies: the first is to use direct feeding, that is, to use metal grid technology to directly process the feeding network and the radiation patch in one piece; the second is to use coupling, such as etching metal grid microstrip lines on the PCB board, but this process requires the addition of columns for fixation. The first method cannot avoid many solder joints and the metal grid itself cannot be soldered, which is a big problem; the second method has similar problems to the first method, and whether it is a metal grid microstrip line or a conventional microstrip line (solid copper), it is necessary to introduce a structure for fixing the coupling routing part, and the design difficulty and processing cost are relatively large.

[0082] Therefore, it is necessary for those skilled in the art to develop a lightweight and transparent base station antenna.

[0083] The present disclosure provides an antenna unit, such as Figure 1-Figure 6 As shown, Figure 1 and Figure 4 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of two antenna units provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, Figure 2 for Figure 1The corresponding front view structure, Figure 3 for Figure 1 The corresponding top view structure, Figure 5 for Figure 4 The corresponding front view structure, Figure 6 for Figure 4 Corresponding top view structure, the antenna unit includes:

[0084] substrate1;

[0085] The radome 2 and the substrate 1 form a cavity; the radome 2 is used to protect the internal structure of the antenna unit;

[0086] The radiation patch 3 is arranged in the cavity, and the radiation patch 3 is connected to the side of the antenna cover 2 facing the substrate 1; in this way, the radiation patch 3 is attached to the inner side of the antenna cover 2 and arranged opposite to the substrate 1;

[0087] At least one feeding network (taking two as an example, 4 and 5 respectively), the feeding network (4 and 5) is arranged in the cavity, and the feeding network (4 and 5) includes: a planar transmission line arranged on the side of the substrate 1 facing the antenna cover 2, a coupling end arranged on the side close to the radiation patch 3 and having a set gap with the radiation patch 3, and a longitudinal connecting line connecting the planar transmission line and the coupling end; wherein the planar transmission line, the longitudinal connecting line and the coupling end of the feeding network (4 and 5) are integrally formed by a sheet metal process, and the feeding network (4 and 5) is used to couple and feed the radiation patch 3;

[0088] The metal ground plate 6 is arranged on a side of the substrate 1 away from the radiation patch 3 .

[0089] The above-mentioned antenna unit provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure directly attaches the radiation patch to the inner side of the antenna cover, so there is no need to introduce a fixed layer or a structure such as a fixed buckle to support the radiation patch. The antenna structure is simpler and can effectively reduce the overall profile height of the antenna, which is in line with the design concept of the existing low-profile antenna. In addition, the feed network is integrated through sheet metal processing, and the required circuits can be directly processed as one piece, and no other structure is required to fix the suspended parts, which makes assembly simpler. Compared with the traditional balun or PCB power splitter board structure, it not only enhances the strength and consistency of the antenna, but also solves the problem of assembly cost and difficulty, and is more conducive to the automated assembly and production of the antenna, greatly reducing the labor input of the antenna assembly.

[0090] Optionally, the antenna cover 2 may be connected to the upper surface of the substrate 1, or the antenna cover 2 may be connected to the side surface of the substrate 1 to form a cavity for accommodating the internal structure of the antenna unit.

[0091] Optionally, the sheet metal process may include at least one of folding, splicing and forming.

[0092] Specifically, Figure 1-Figure 6 As shown, the metal ground plate 6 is equivalent to a reflector, which is used to reflect the backward beam of the antenna and improve the forward gain and front-to-back ratio of the antenna.

[0093] Specifically, Figure 1-Figure 6 As shown, the feeding network (4 and 5) is used to transmit the energy generated by the transmitter to the radiation patch 3, and the radiation patch 3 is used to receive the signal output by the feeding network (4 and 5) and radiate the electromagnetic wave signal; the radiation patch 3 and the feeding network (4 and 5) are coupled with each other using air as the medium, and the feeding network (4 and 5) directly transmits the electromagnetic waves. Conversely, the electromagnetic waves received by the radiation patches (4 and 5) can also be transmitted to the receiver through the feeding network (4 and 5); thus, the antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure adopts a dual-polarization feeding network (4 and 5), which can ensure that the antenna unit can receive electromagnetic waves from the space while radiating signals to the space, so that the antenna size can be compressed and the transceiver duplex mode can be realized in a small size.

[0094] In a specific implementation, in the above antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, if Figure 1-Figure 6 As shown, the metal ground plate 6 is fixedly connected to the substrate 1 by optical glue, that is, the substrate 1 is used to fix the metal ground plate 6 on its lower surface and the feeding network (4 and 5) on its upper surface; the radiation patch 3 can be fixedly connected to the antenna cover 2 by optical glue (OCA), so there is no need to introduce a fixed layer or a fixed buckle or the like to support the radiation patch, the antenna structure is simpler, the antenna stability is good, and the overall cross-sectional height of the antenna can be effectively reduced, thereby realizing the lightweight and low-profile characteristics of the antenna.

[0095] In a specific implementation, in the above antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, if Figure 1-Figure 6 As shown, the feeding network (4 and 5) and the substrate 1 can be fixed by plastic screws.

[0096] In a specific implementation, in the above antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, if Figure 1-Figure 6 As shown, the radiation patch 3 and the metal ground plate 6 both have a metal grid structure. In this way, the radiation patch 3 and the metal ground plate 6 both have high light transmittance, so that the antenna unit has a certain transparency. The concealability of the transparent antenna can not only achieve the beautification of communication equipment, but also effectively reduce people's concerns about electromagnetic radiation.

[0097] It should be noted that the metal ground plate adopts a metal grid structure, which does not affect its normal function and can also ensure the characteristics of high transparency.

[0098] Optionally, the radiation patch 3 and the metal ground plate 6 can be obtained by using a metal grid stamping or etching process, but it is certainly not limited thereto.

[0099] In a specific implementation, in order to realize antenna transparency, in the above antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, as Figure 1-Figure 6 As shown, the substrate 1 can be a transparent substrate. The material of the substrate 1 can include but is not limited to PC (polycarbonate), COP (Copolymers of Cycloolefin), PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate), PMMA (Polymethyl Methacrylate) and all transparent hard substrates such as glass. The glass can include but is not limited to transparent low-loss glass.

[0100] Optionally, the thickness of the substrate 1 is in the range of 1 mm to 3 mm. For example, the thickness of the substrate 1 may be 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, etc. The thickness of the substrate 1 is selected according to actual needs.

[0101] In a specific implementation, in order to realize antenna transparency, in the above antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, as Figure 1-Figure 6 As shown, the material of the radome 2 includes but is not limited to PC, COP, PET or PMMA.

[0102] Optionally, the thickness of the antenna cover 2 ranges from 1 mm to 3 mm. For example, the thickness of the antenna cover 2 can be 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, etc. The thickness of the antenna cover 2 is selected according to actual needs.

[0103] In the above antenna unit provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, except for the feed network that is formed by the sheet metal process, the other structures (substrate, antenna cover, radiation patch, metal ground plate) are all designed with high transparency, which can not only ensure that the antenna itself has the characteristics of beauty and high concealment, but also solve a series of related problems (such as cost, design difficulty, etc.) caused by the feed routing in the conventional design scheme. Compared with the antenna in the related art, the antenna design proposed in the embodiment of the present disclosure integrates the feed network through the sheet metal process, and can directly process the required circuit in one piece, and no other structure is needed to fix the suspended part, which makes the assembly simpler. Compared with the traditional balun or PCB power splitter board structure, it not only enhances the strength and consistency of the antenna, but also solves the problem of assembly cost and difficulty, and is more conducive to the automatic assembly and production of the antenna, greatly reducing the labor input of the antenna assembly. Therefore, the antenna unit design provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure has the advantages of simple structure, lower processing cost, good stability, beautiful appearance, good concealment, etc.

[0104] Optionally, the feeding network can be made of metal materials such as aluminum and copper.

[0105] Optionally, the thickness of the feeding network may be 0.6 mm to 1 mm, for example, the thickness of the feeding network may be 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1 mm, etc. The thickness of the feeding network is selected according to actual needs.

[0106] In a specific implementation, in the above antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, if Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, it includes a first feeding network 4 and a second feeding network 5 which are independently arranged. Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 for Figure 1 The three-dimensional enlarged schematic diagram of the first feeding network 4 and the second feeding network 5 in the figure, the first feeding network 4 includes: a first planar transmission line 41 arranged on the side of the substrate 1 facing the antenna cover 2, a first coupling end 42 arranged on the side close to the radiation patch 3 and having a set gap with the radiation patch 3, and a first longitudinal connecting line 43 connecting the first planar transmission line 41 and the first coupling end 42; the second feeding network 5 includes: a second planar transmission line 51 arranged on the side of the substrate 1 facing the antenna cover 2, a second coupling end 52 arranged on the side close to the radiation patch 3 and having a set gap with the radiation patch 3, and a second longitudinal connecting line 53 connecting the second planar transmission line 51 and the second coupling end 52; wherein the first planar transmission line 41, the first longitudinal connecting line 43 and the first coupling end 42 constitute a microstrip line and are integrally formed by a sheet metal process, and the second planar transmission line 51, the second longitudinal connecting line 53 and the second coupling end 52 constitute a microstrip line and are integrally formed by a sheet metal process. In this way, there is a set gap between the first coupling end 42 and the radiation patch 3 to achieve coupling feeding, and there is a set gap between the second coupling end 52 and the radiation patch 3 to achieve coupling feeding. Among them, the first planar transmission line 41, the first longitudinal connecting line 43 and the first coupling end 42, and the second planar transmission line 51, the second longitudinal connecting line 53 and the second coupling end 52 are all formed by sheet metal technology, and are formed by at least one method of folding, splicing and forming, which makes the manufacturing process simpler and also reduces the cost.

[0107] In a specific implementation, in the above antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, if Figure 1-Figure 3 and Figure 7 As shown, the orthographic projections of the first planar transmission line 41, the first longitudinal connecting line 43 and the first coupling end 42 on the substrate 1 are located on a first straight line, that is, the orthographic projections of the first planar transmission line 41, the first longitudinal connecting line 43 and the first coupling end 42 on the substrate 1 are located on the same straight line, and the orthographic projections of the second planar transmission line 51, the second longitudinal connecting line 53 and the second coupling end 52 on the substrate 1 are located on a second straight line, that is, the orthographic projections of the second planar transmission line 51, the second longitudinal connecting line 53 and the second coupling end 52 on the substrate 1 are located on the same straight line, and the first straight line and the second straight line are orthogonally arranged.

[0108] In a specific implementation, in the above antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, if Figure 1-Figure 3 and Figure 7 As shown, the orthographic projections of the first feeding network 4 and the second feeding network 5 on the substrate 1 do not overlap, and the first end 401 of the first planar transmission line 41 away from the first longitudinal connecting line 43 and the second end 501 of the second planar transmission line 51 away from the second longitudinal connecting line 53 are arranged close to each other.

[0109] In a specific implementation, in the above antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, if Figure 1-Figure 3 and Figure 7 As shown, the first feeding network 4 further includes a third planar transmission line 44 disposed on the substrate 1 and connected to the first end 401; the second feeding network 5 further includes a fourth planar transmission line 54 disposed on the substrate 1 and connected to the second end 501; wherein,

[0110] The angle θ1 at the connection between the third planar transmission line 44 and the first planar transmission line 41 is greater than or equal to 90° and less than or equal to 135°, and the angle θ2 at the connection between the fourth planar transmission line 54 and the second planar transmission line 51 is greater than or equal to 90° and less than or equal to 135°.

[0111] Optionally, the embodiment of the present disclosure takes the angle θ1 at the connection between the third planar transmission line 44 and the first planar transmission line 41 as 135°, and the angle θ2 at the connection between the fourth planar transmission line 54 and the second planar transmission line 51 as 135° as an example, so that ±45° dual-polarization coupling feeding can be achieved for the radiation patch 3.

[0112] Specifically, the width of the portion of the third planar transmission line 44 away from the first planar transmission line 41 is greater than the width of the first planar transmission line 41, so as to achieve impedance matching of various parts of the feeding network in the antenna unit, and the width of the portion of the fourth planar transmission line 54 away from the second planar transmission line 51 is greater than the width of the second planar transmission line 51, so as to achieve impedance matching of various parts of the feeding network in the antenna unit.

[0113] In a specific implementation, in the above antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, if Figure 1-Figure 3 and Figure 7 As shown, the first feeding network 4 and the second feeding network 5 are mirror-symmetrical about the center of the radiation patch 3 .

[0114] In a specific implementation, in the above antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, if Figure 1-Figure 3As shown, the orthographic projection of the radiation patch 3 on the substrate 1 covers the orthographic projection of the coupling end (42 and 52) and the longitudinal connection line (43 and 53) on the substrate 1, and covers the orthographic projection of at least part of the planar transmission line (41 and 51) on the substrate 1. In this way, the coupling end (42 and 52) can feed the radiation patch 3.

[0115] The embodiments of the present disclosure provide Figure 1-Figure 3 The first feeding network 4 and the second feeding network 5 of the microstrip line structure shown adopt a mirror-symmetrical L-shaped structure. By designing the sum of the lengths of the first planar transmission line 41, the first longitudinal connecting line 43 and the first coupling end 42 to be one-quarter wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna unit, and designing the sum of the lengths of the second planar transmission line 51, the second longitudinal connecting line 53 and the second coupling end 52 to be one-quarter wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna unit, impedance matching of various parts of the feeding network in the antenna unit can be achieved. By inputting AC signals to the third planar transmission line 44 and the fourth planar transmission line 54, ±45° dual-polarization coupled feeding can be achieved for the radiation patch 3.

[0116] In a specific implementation, in the above antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, Figure 1-Figure 3 The first feed network 4 and the second feed network in the embodiment may also be replaced by Figure 8 The structure shown, such as Figure 8 As shown, the orthographic projections of the first coupling end 42 and the second coupling end 52 on the substrate 1 overlap with each other, the first coupling end 42 can be arranged below the second coupling end 52, the first coupling end 42 is bent toward the side close to the substrate 1 at the overlap, and the second coupling end 52 is bent toward the side away from the substrate 1 at the overlap; and the orthographic projections of the first planar transmission line 41, the first longitudinal connecting line 43 and the first coupling end 42 on the substrate 1 are located on a first straight line, and the orthographic projections of the second planar transmission line 51, the second longitudinal connecting line 53 and the second coupling end 52 on the substrate 1 are located on a second straight line, and the first straight line and the second straight line are arranged orthogonally. In this way, the first feeding network 4 and the second feeding network 5 are designed in a cross form. By designing the sum of the lengths of the first planar transmission line 41, the first longitudinal connecting line 43 and the first coupling end 42 to be one-quarter wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna unit, and designing the sum of the lengths of the second planar transmission line 51, the second longitudinal connecting line 53 and the second coupling end 52 to be one-quarter wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna unit, impedance matching of each part of the feeding network in the antenna unit can be achieved. By inputting AC signals to the third planar transmission line 44 and the fourth planar transmission line 54, ±45° dual-polarization coupled feeding can be achieved for the radiation patch 3.

[0117] It should be noted that Figure 1-Figure 3 and Figure 8The first feeding network 4 and the second feeding network 5 shown are only a structure provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure. In specific implementation, the first feeding network 4 and the second feeding network 5 are not limited to Figure 1-Figure 3 and Figure 8 The structure shown, as long as it can realize microstrip line coupling feeding, belongs to the protection scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0118] In a specific implementation, in the above antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, if Figure 4-Figure 6 As shown, it includes a first feeding network 4 and a second feeding network 5 which are independently arranged;

[0119] like Figure 9-12 As shown, Fig. 9 for Figure 4 The top view structure of the first feeding network 4 with +45° polarization, Fig.10 for Figure 4 A three-dimensional enlarged schematic diagram of the first feeding network 4 with +45° polarization, Fig.11 for Figure 4 The top view structure of the second feeding network 5 with -45° polarization, Fig.12 for Figure 4 A three-dimensional enlarged schematic diagram of the second feeding network 5 with medium -45° polarization, the first feeding network 4 includes: a first input port 45 arranged on the side of the substrate 1 facing the antenna cover 2, a fifth planar transmission line 46 and a sixth planar transmission line 47 arranged on the side of the substrate 1 facing the antenna cover 2 and connected to the first input port 45, a first differential coupling end 48 and a second differential coupling end 49 arranged on the side close to the radiation patch 3 and having a set gap with the radiation patch 3, a third longitudinal connecting line 410 connecting the fifth planar transmission line 46 and the first differential coupling end 48, and a fourth longitudinal connecting line 411 connecting the sixth planar transmission line 47 and the second differential coupling end 49;

[0120] The second feeding network 5 includes: a second input port 55 arranged on the side of the substrate 1 facing the radome 2, a seventh planar transmission line 56 and an eighth planar transmission line 57 arranged on the side of the substrate 1 facing the radome 2 and connected to the second input port 55, a third differential coupling end 58 and a fourth differential coupling end 59 arranged on the side close to the radiation patch 3 and having a set gap with the radiation patch 3, a fifth longitudinal connecting line 510 connecting the seventh planar transmission line 56 and the third differential coupling end 58, and a sixth longitudinal connecting line 511 connecting the eighth planar transmission line 57 and the fourth differential coupling end 59;

[0121] Among them, the first input port 45, the fifth planar transmission line 46, the sixth planar transmission line 47, the third longitudinal connection line 410, the fourth longitudinal connection line 411, the first differential coupling end 48 and the second differential coupling end 49 constitute a differential structure and are formed in an integrated manner using a sheet metal process, and the second input port 55, the seventh planar transmission line 56, the eighth planar transmission line 57, the fifth longitudinal connection line 510, the sixth longitudinal connection line 511, the third differential coupling end 58 and the fourth differential coupling end 59 constitute a differential structure and are formed in an integrated manner using a sheet metal process. In this way, the first feeding network 4 and the second feeding network 5 are formed by at least one method of folding, splicing and forming, making the manufacturing process simpler and reducing the cost. In this way, there is a set gap between the first differential coupling end 48, the second differential coupling end 49 and the radiation patch 3 to realize differential coupling feeding, and there is a set gap between the third differential coupling end 58, the fourth differential coupling end 59 and the radiation patch 3 to realize differential coupling feeding.

[0122] In a specific implementation, in the above antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, if Figure 4-Figure 6 As shown, the first input port 45 and the second input port 55 are arranged opposite to each other, and the connection line of the first differential coupling terminal 48 and the second differential coupling terminal 49 is arranged orthogonally to the connection line of the third differential coupling terminal 58 and the fourth differential coupling terminal 59;

[0123] The radiation patch 3 is divided into four regions along its symmetry axis, and the first differential coupling end 48 , the second differential coupling end 49 , the third differential coupling end 58 and the fourth differential coupling end 59 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with each region.

[0124] In a specific implementation, in the above antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, if Figure 4-Figure 6 As shown, the difference in length between the fifth planar transmission line 46 and the sixth planar transmission line 47 is half the wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna unit, and the difference in length between the seventh planar transmission line 56 and the eighth planar transmission line 57 is half the wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna unit.

[0125] In a specific implementation, in the above antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, if Figure 4-Figure 6 As shown, the fifth planar transmission line 46, the sixth planar transmission line 47, the seventh planar transmission line 56 and the eighth planar transmission line 57 are respectively folded lines. In this way, the first differential coupling end 48, the second differential coupling end 49, the third differential coupling end 58 and the fourth differential coupling end 59 can be fixed to the four regions corresponding to the radiation patch 3, thereby realizing differential coupling feeding.

[0126] In a specific implementation, in the above antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, if Figure 4-Figure 6As shown, the orthographic projection of the first feeding network 4 on the substrate 1 and the orthographic projection of the second feeding network 5 on the substrate 1 do not overlap, the fifth planar transmission line 46 and the sixth planar transmission line 47 form a semi-enclosed structure, part of the seventh planar transmission line 56 extends into the semi-enclosed structure through the gap of the semi-enclosed structure, and the eighth planar transmission line 57 is located outside the semi-enclosed structure. In this way, the first feeding network 4 and the second feeding network 5 do not affect each other.

[0127] It should be noted that Figure 4-Figure 6 The first feeding network 4 and the second feeding network 5 shown are only a structure provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure. In specific implementation, the first feeding network 4 and the second feeding network 5 are not limited to Figure 4-Figure 6 The structure shown in the figure, as long as it can realize differential coupling feeding, belongs to the protection scope of the embodiment of the present disclosure; for example, the orthographic projection of the first feeding network 4 on the substrate 1 and the orthographic projection of the second feeding network 5 on the substrate 1 can also overlap, and it is necessary to adopt Figure 8 Such a bend causes the first feed network 4 and the second feed network 5 to be disconnected.

[0128] In a specific implementation, in the above antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, if Figure 4-Figure 6 , Figure 9-12 As shown, the first differential coupling end 48, the second differential coupling end 49, the third differential coupling end 58 and the fourth differential coupling end 59 may be in an "L" shape, and one end of each "L"-shaped long side away from the short side is respectively connected to the third longitudinal connecting line 410, the fourth longitudinal connecting line 411, the fifth longitudinal connecting line 510 and the sixth longitudinal connecting line 511 in a one-to-one correspondence, and the short side of each "L"-shaped is arranged close to the center of the radiation patch 3. By designing the "L"-shaped differential coupling end, the coupling area can be increased and the electromagnetic wave radiation intensity can be improved.

[0129] In a specific implementation, in the above antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, if Figure 4-Figure 6 , Figure 9-12 As shown, the long side and the short side of the "L" shape can be arranged parallel to the radiation patch 3, that is, the long side and the short side of the "L" shape are on the same plane, which can further increase the coupling area between the first differential coupling end 48, the second differential coupling end 49, the third differential coupling end 58 and the fourth differential coupling end 59 and the radiation patch 3, thereby further improving the electromagnetic wave radiation intensity.

[0130] Of course, in the specific implementation, in the above antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, Figure 4-Figure 6 , Figure 9-12The long side of the "L" shape can be arranged parallel to the radiation patch 3, and the short side of the "L" shape can be bent along one end of the long side to the side away from the radiation patch 3. For example, the short side can be perpendicular to the long side, and the end of the short side that is not connected to the long side is away from the radiation patch 3, so that the coupling function of the electromagnetic wave can also be achieved. Of course, in the specific implementation, the shapes of the first differential coupling end 48, the second differential coupling end 49, the third differential coupling end 58 and the fourth differential coupling end 59 can also be other shapes, not limited to the "L" shape provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure. As long as the differential coupling end shape that can couple the electromagnetic wave to the radiation patch 3 is realized, it belongs to the content protected by the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0131] In a specific implementation, in the above antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, if Figure 4-Figure 6 , Figure 9-12 As shown, the "L"-shaped long side of the first differential coupling end 48 and the "L"-shaped long side of the second differential coupling end 49 are located on the third straight line, the "L"-shaped long side of the third differential coupling end 58 and the "L"-shaped long side of the fourth differential coupling end 59 are located on the fourth straight line, the third straight line and the fourth straight line are orthogonally arranged, and the first differential coupling end 48, the second differential coupling end 49, the third differential coupling end 58 and the fourth differential coupling end 59 are mirror-symmetrical about the center of the radiation patch 3. In this way, by designing the difference in length between the fifth planar transmission line 46 and the sixth planar transmission line 47 to be half the wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna unit, and the difference in length between the seventh planar transmission line 56 and the eighth planar transmission line 57 to be half the wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna unit, by inputting signals to the first input port 45 and the second input port 55, ±45° dual-polarization differential coupling feeding can be achieved for the radiation patch 3, the signals transmitted on the first differential coupling end 48 and the second differential coupling end 49 have the same amplitude and a phase difference of 180°, the signals transmitted on the third differential coupling end 58 and the fourth differential coupling end 59 have the same amplitude and a phase difference of 180°, and the feeding network uses differential routing to feed the radiation patch 3, thereby achieving equal-amplitude differential-mode signal feeding on the radiation patch 3.

[0132] In a specific implementation, in the above antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, if Figure 1-Figure 6 As shown, the size of the radiation patch 3 can be about half the wavelength of the working frequency of the antenna unit, for example, the ratio of the size of the radiation patch 3 to the wavelength of the working frequency of the antenna unit is 0.44 to 0.48. Specifically, when the shape of the radiation patch 3 is square, the size of the radiation patch 3 is the diagonal length. When the shape of the radiation patch 3 is circular, the size of the radiation patch 3 is the diameter.

[0133] In a specific implementation, in the above antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, if Figure 1-Figure 6As shown, the shape of the radiation patch 3 can be a cut-corner square, and the cut corners can be at the midpoints of the four sides of the square or at the four corners of the square. The size of the cut corners is adjustable. By changing the size of the cut corners, the impedance matching and polarization isolation of the antenna can be adjusted to improve the antenna performance. For example, Figure 1-Figure 3 The radiation patch 3 in the figure is a cut-corner square at the four corners of the square, such as Fig.13 As shown; Figure 4-Figure 6 The radiation patch 3 in the figure is a square with cut corners on the four sides of the square, such as Fig.14 As shown; of course, Figure 1-Figure 3 The radiation patch 3 in the Fig.14 The structure of the radiation patch 3 shown, Figure 4-Figure 6 The radiation patch 3 in the Figure 3 The structure of the radiation patch 3 is shown.

[0134] Optionally, Figure 1-Figure 6 The radiation patch 3 in the image can also be replaced by Fig.15 The square shown can also be replaced by Fig.16 The circle shown; of course, Figure 1-Figure 6 The radiation patch 3 in the figure can also be replaced by a cut-angle polygon, an ellipse or even other irregular shapes.

[0135] Optionally, Figure 4-Figure 6 The radiation patch 3 in the image can also be replaced by Fig.17 and Fig.18 The shape shown, such as Fig.17 As shown, the shape of the radiation patch 3 includes four integrally formed and centrally symmetrical circles, so that the first differential coupling end 48, the second differential coupling end 49, the third differential coupling end 58 and the fourth differential coupling end 59 are respectively arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the four circles; Fig.18 As shown, the shape of the radiation patch 3 includes four integrally formed and centrally symmetrical rhombuses, so that the first differential coupling end 48, the second differential coupling end 49, the third differential coupling end 58 and the fourth differential coupling end 59 are respectively arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the four rhombuses.

[0136] Optionally, Figure 4-Figure 6 The radiation patch 3 in the image can also be replaced by Fig.19 and Fig. 20 The shape shown, such as Fig.19 and Fig. 20 As shown, the shape of the radiation patch 3 includes four independently arranged and centrally symmetrical hexagons, that is, the radiation patch 3 adopts a butterfly structure, so that the first differential coupling end 48, the second differential coupling end 49, the third differential coupling end 58 and the fourth differential coupling end 59 are respectively arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the four hexagons.

[0137] Optionally, Figure 8The shape of the radiation patch 3 corresponding to the feeding network shown can be Figure 13-Figure 20 Any structure in .

[0138] It should be noted that Figure 13-Figure 20 The grid lines in the metal grid structure of the radiation patch 3 shown are all oblique lines. Of course, the grid lines can also be crossed horizontally and vertically.

[0139] It should be noted that the feeding network in the embodiment of the present disclosure can be stamped using a sheet metal process, and the corresponding technology is now very mature. The main reason for using this architecture for feeding is that conventional metal microstrip wiring requires a dielectric substrate, so the section that directly couples the feeding to the radiating patch and the wiring in front of it that leads upward all require a dielectric substrate. In this case, the horizontal dielectric substrate needs to be added with columns of the required size at the corresponding position, and then the laser engraving wiring process is used to design and process the feeding network. Under this structure, mold opening and final antenna assembly are not the optimal methods. The embodiment of the present disclosure uses a sheet metal process, which can directly process the required circuits in one piece, and there is no need to add other structures to fix the suspended parts. The assembly is very simple, the cost is effectively reduced, and the performance can also be well guaranteed.

[0140] Specifically, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), coupling degree (S21), antenna gain and cross-polarization ratio (XPD) are important indicators for measuring antenna performance.

[0141] The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) refers to the ratio of the standing wave antinode voltage to the node voltage amplitude. If the ratio is 1, it means that the impedance of the feed network and the antenna is completely matched, and there is no reflection loss of energy. On the contrary, if the standing wave ratio is infinite, it means total reflection, and no energy is radiated. Therefore, the smaller the voltage standing wave ratio (the closer to 1), the less port reflection and the better the matching. For base station antennas, the most basic requirement is that the voltage standing wave ratio needs to be lower than 1.5.

[0142] Among them, the coupling degree (S21) refers to the forward transmission coefficient from port 1 (input port) to port 2 (coupled port). In the antenna, S21 reflects the coupling degree or isolation (absolute value) between unit polarizations. Generally speaking, the polarization isolation of base station antennas needs to be greater than 20dB or 25dB.

[0143] Among them, the ratio of the radiated power flux density of the antenna in a certain specified direction to the maximum radiated power flux density of the reference antenna (usually an ideal point source) at the same input power; the antenna gain is used to measure the ability of the antenna to send and receive signals in a specific direction. It is one of the important parameters for selecting base station antennas. The higher the antenna gain, the better the directivity, the more concentrated the energy, and the narrower the lobe. For specific designs, it is generally required that the gain of small base stations (arrays) needs to reach 12dB or above, and some have higher directivity requirements and even require 16dB or higher. Therefore, the higher the unit gain, the easier it is to achieve the design requirement of high gain with as few elements as possible in the array.

[0144] The cross-polarization ratio refers to the difference in direction between the power level of the antenna receiving the same polarization (maximum receiving level) and the power level of the antenna receiving the opposite polarization (minimum receiving level). Figure 3 The difference within dB beamwidth is the ratio of main polarization to cross polarization. The larger the cross polarization ratio, the higher the polarization purity. The smaller the correlation between positive and negative 45° polarization, the axial cross polarization ratio is generally required to be greater than 18dB.

[0145] The inventor of this case Figure 1 The antenna unit shown is simulated for voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and coupling (S21), as shown in FIG. Fig.21 and Fig. 22 As shown, Fig.21 It is a schematic diagram of the simulation results of the standing wave ratio. Fig. 22 Schematic diagram of the simulation results of coupling degree. The results show that the standing wave ratio of the antenna unit provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure is below 1.42, and the port coupling degree is below -16dB. Therefore, the embodiment of the present disclosure provides Figure 1 The antenna unit shown has good electrical performance.

[0146] The inventor of this case Figure 4 The antenna unit shown is simulated for voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), coupling (S21), antenna gain and cross-polarization ratio, as shown in FIG. Figure 23-Figure 26 As shown, Fig.23 It is a schematic diagram of the simulation results of the standing wave ratio. Fig.24 Schematic diagram of the simulation results of coupling degree. Fig.25 The schematic diagram of the simulation results of antenna gain is shown in Figure 2. Fig.26 The figure is a schematic diagram of the simulation results of the cross-polarization ratio. It can be seen from the figure that the standing wave ratio of the antenna unit provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure in the 2.3-2.7GHz frequency band is lower than 1.26, which can well meet the index requirements; the isolation is greater than 26.3dB, which is a good performance; the gain is higher than 8.1dB, which is a good performance; the axial cross-polarization ratio is greater than 27, which is a good performance. Therefore, the performance of the antenna unit provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure is far better than the industry index requirements.

[0147] In summary, the disclosed embodiment combines the sheet metal process feeding network with the highly transparent metal grid radiation patch and metal ground plate to realize an integrated transparent antenna with lightweight, transparent beauty and simple structure, which can be used in mobile communication frequency bands.

[0148] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an antenna array, comprising the above-mentioned multiple antenna units provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0149] The above-mentioned antenna array provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure can achieve the same effect as the aforementioned antenna unit, that is, to provide a lightweight, transparent and beautiful, simple-structured transparent antenna array that can be used in mobile communication frequency bands.

[0150] In a specific implementation, in the above antenna array provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, if Fig. 27 and Fig.28 As shown, Fig. 27 To adopt Figure 1 The antenna units shown form a small base station antenna array. Fig.28 To adopt Figure 4 The antenna units shown form a small base station antenna array. Fig. 27 and Fig.28 The antenna units are arranged in a 1×4 array, but are not limited thereto. The number of antenna units in the antenna array can be designed as needed. The antenna units arranged in an array are used as base station antennas to provide signals of different frequency bands, and the signal strength and coverage range are better than those of a general single antenna unit.

[0151] In specific implementation, Fig. 27 and Fig.28 The antenna unit in the antenna array shown has the same structure as the aforementioned antenna unit, and will not be described in detail.

[0152] In a specific implementation, in the above antenna array provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, if Figure 27-Figure 30 As shown, Fig.29 for Fig. 27 A schematic diagram of a first feeding network 4 and a second feeding network 5, Fig.30 for Fig.28 Schematic diagram of the first feed network 4 and the second feed network 5, the first feed network 4 and the second feed network 5 of the plurality of antenna units are integrally formed by sheet metal processing. Specifically, each first feed network 4 is electrically connected to the first total input port I1, and each second feed network 5 is electrically connected to the second total input port I2.

[0153] The antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure combines a metal mesh film layer with high light transmittance with a feeding network integrally formed of sheet metal, which retains the transparent and aesthetic characteristics of the antenna while greatly reducing the cost and difficulty of assembly. For the antenna array, an integrally formed sheet metal part can be used to realize the function of power division and feeding, and the structure is simple.

[0154] Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a communication device, including the above antenna array provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure. The implementation of the communication device can refer to the embodiment of the above antenna unit, and the repeated parts will not be repeated.

[0155] Other essential components of the communication device should be understood by those skilled in the art and will not be elaborated herein and should not be construed as limiting the present disclosure.

[0156] The antenna unit, antenna array and communication equipment provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure directly attach the radiation patch to the inner side of the antenna cover, so there is no need to introduce a fixed layer or a structure such as a fixed buckle to support the radiation patch. The antenna structure is simpler and the overall profile height of the antenna can be effectively reduced, which is in line with the design concept of the existing low-profile antenna. In addition, the feed network is integrated through sheet metal processing, and the required circuits can be directly processed as one piece, and no other structure is required to fix the suspended parts, which makes the assembly simpler. It not only enhances the strength and consistency of the antenna, but also solves the problem of assembly cost and difficulty, and is more conducive to the automated assembly and production of the antenna, greatly reducing the labor input for antenna assembly.

[0157] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present disclosure fall within the scope of the claims of the present disclosure and their equivalents, the present disclosure is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. An antenna unit, wherein: include: substrate; A radome, wherein the radome and the substrate form a cavity; a radiation patch, the radiation patch being disposed in the cavity and connected to a side of the radome facing the substrate; At least one feeding network, the feeding network is arranged in the cavity, the feeding network comprises: a planar transmission line arranged on a side of the substrate facing the radome, a coupling end arranged on a side close to the radiation patch and having a set gap with the radiation patch, and a longitudinal connecting line connecting the planar transmission line and the coupling end; wherein the planar transmission line, the longitudinal connecting line and the coupling end of the feeding network are integrally formed by sheet metal technology, and the feeding network is used to couple and feed the radiation patch; A metal ground plate is arranged on a side of the substrate away from the radiation patch.

2. The antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein: The radiation patch and the metal ground plate both have a metal grid structure.

3. The antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein: The radiation patch is fixedly connected to the antenna cover through optical glue, and the metal ground plate is fixedly connected to the substrate through optical glue.

4. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: The orthographic projection of the radiation patch on the substrate covers the orthographic projections of the coupling end and the longitudinal connecting line on the substrate, and covers at least a portion of the orthographic projection of the planar transmission line on the substrate.

5. The antenna unit according to claim 4, wherein: It includes a first feeding network and a second feeding network which are independently arranged. The first feeding network includes: a first planar transmission line arranged on the side of the substrate facing the antenna cover, a first coupling end arranged on the side close to the radiation patch and having a set gap with the radiation patch, and a first longitudinal connecting line connecting the first planar transmission line and the first coupling end; the second feeding network includes: a second planar transmission line arranged on the side of the substrate facing the antenna cover, a second coupling end arranged on the side close to the radiation patch and having a set gap with the radiation patch, and a second longitudinal connecting line connecting the second planar transmission line and the second coupling end; wherein the first planar transmission line, the first longitudinal connecting line and the first coupling end constitute a microstrip line and are integrally formed by a sheet metal process, and the second planar transmission line, the second longitudinal connecting line and the second coupling end constitute a microstrip line and are integrally formed by a sheet metal process.

6. The antenna unit according to claim 5, wherein: The orthographic projections of the first planar transmission line, the first longitudinal connecting line and the first coupling end on the substrate are located on a first straight line, and the orthographic projections of the second planar transmission line, the second longitudinal connecting line and the second coupling end on the substrate are located on a second straight line, and the first straight line and the second straight line are arranged orthogonally.

7. The antenna unit according to claim 6, wherein: The orthographic projections of the first feeding network and the second feeding network on the substrate do not overlap, and a first end of the first planar transmission line away from the first longitudinal connecting line is disposed close to a second end of the second planar transmission line away from the second longitudinal connecting line.

8. The antenna unit according to claim 7, wherein: The first feeding network further includes a third planar transmission line disposed on the substrate and connected to the first end, and the second feeding network further includes a fourth planar transmission line disposed on the substrate and connected to the second end; wherein, The angle between the third planar transmission line and the first planar transmission line is greater than or equal to 90° and less than or equal to 135°, and the angle between the fourth planar transmission line and the second planar transmission line is greater than or equal to 90° and less than or equal to 135°.

9. The antenna unit according to claim 8, wherein: The first feeding network and the second feeding network are mirror-symmetrical about the center of the radiation patch.

10. The antenna unit according to claim 6, wherein: The orthographic projections of the first coupling end and the second coupling end on the substrate overlap each other, the first coupling end is arranged below the second coupling end, the first coupling end is bent toward the side close to the substrate at the overlap, and the second coupling end is bent toward the side away from the substrate at the overlap.

11. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 5 to 10, wherein: The sum of the lengths of the first planar transmission line, the first longitudinal connecting line and the first coupling end is one quarter wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna unit, and the sum of the lengths of the second planar transmission line, the second longitudinal connecting line and the second coupling end is one quarter wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna unit.

12. The antenna unit according to claim 4, wherein: comprising a first feeding network and a second feeding network which are independently arranged from each other; The first feeding network includes: a first input port arranged on a side of the substrate facing the radome, a fifth planar transmission line and a sixth planar transmission line arranged on a side of the substrate facing the radome and connected to the first input port, a first differential coupling end and a second differential coupling end arranged on a side close to the radiation patch and having a set gap with the radiation patch, a third longitudinal connecting line connecting the fifth planar transmission line and the first differential coupling end, and a fourth longitudinal connecting line connecting the sixth planar transmission line and the second differential coupling end; The second feeding network includes: a second input port arranged on a side of the substrate facing the radome, a seventh planar transmission line and an eighth planar transmission line arranged on a side of the substrate facing the radome and connected to the second input port, a third differential coupling end and a fourth differential coupling end arranged on a side close to the radiation patch and having a set gap with the radiation patch, a fifth longitudinal connecting line connecting the seventh planar transmission line and the third differential coupling end, and a sixth longitudinal connecting line connecting the eighth planar transmission line and the fourth differential coupling end; Among them, the first input port, the fifth planar transmission line, the sixth planar transmission line, the third longitudinal connecting line, the fourth longitudinal connecting line, the first differential coupling end and the second differential coupling end constitute a differential structure and are integrally formed by sheet metal processing, and the second input port, the seventh planar transmission line, the eighth planar transmission line, the fifth longitudinal connecting line, the sixth longitudinal connecting line, the third differential coupling end and the fourth differential coupling end constitute a differential structure and are integrally formed by sheet metal processing.

13. The antenna unit according to claim 11, wherein: The first input port and the second input port are arranged opposite to each other, and a line connecting the first differential coupling end and the second differential coupling end is arranged orthogonally to a line connecting the third differential coupling end and the fourth differential coupling end; The radiation patch is divided into four regions along its symmetry axis, and the first differential coupling end, the second differential coupling end, the third differential coupling end and the fourth differential coupling end are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with each of the regions.

14. The antenna unit according to claim 13, wherein: The difference in length between the fifth planar transmission line and the sixth planar transmission line is half the wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna unit, and the difference in length between the seventh planar transmission line and the eighth planar transmission line is half the wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna unit.

15. The antenna unit according to claim 14, wherein: The fifth planar transmission line, the sixth planar transmission line, the seventh planar transmission line and the eighth planar transmission line are respectively fold lines.

16. The antenna unit according to claim 15, wherein: An orthographic projection of the first feeding network on the substrate and an orthographic projection of the second feeding network on the substrate do not overlap.

17. The antenna unit according to claim 16, wherein: The fifth planar transmission line and the sixth planar transmission line form a semi-enclosed structure, a portion of the seventh planar transmission line extends into the semi-enclosed structure through a notch of the semi-enclosed structure, and the eighth planar transmission line is located outside the semi-enclosed structure.

18. The antenna unit according to claim 17, wherein: The shapes of the first differential coupling end, the second differential coupling end, the third differential coupling end and the fourth differential coupling end include an "L" shape, and one end of the long side of each "L" shape away from the short side is respectively connected to the third longitudinal connecting line, the fourth longitudinal connecting line, the fifth longitudinal connecting line and the sixth longitudinal connecting line in a one-to-one correspondence, and the short side of each "L" shape is arranged close to the center of the radiation patch.

19. The antenna unit according to claim 18, wherein: The long side and the short side of the "L" shape are both arranged parallel to the radiation patch; Alternatively, the long side of the "L" shape is arranged parallel to the radiation patch, and the short side of the "L" shape is bent along one end of the long side toward a side away from the radiation patch.

20. The antenna unit according to claim 19, wherein: The "L"-shaped long side of the first differential coupling end and the "L"-shaped long side of the second differential coupling end are located on a third straight line, the "L"-shaped long side of the third differential coupling end and the "L"-shaped long side of the fourth differential coupling end are located on a fourth straight line, and the third straight line and the fourth straight line are orthogonally arranged.

21. The antenna unit according to claim 20, wherein: The first differential coupling end, the second differential coupling end, the third differential coupling end and the fourth differential coupling end are mirror-symmetrical about the center of the radiation patch.

22. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein: The ratio of the size of the radiation patch to the wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna unit is 0.44 to 0.

48.

23. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein: The shape of the radiation patch includes a square, a cut-corner square, a circle or a cut-corner polygon.

24. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 10, 12-22, wherein: The shape of the radiation patch includes four integrally formed and centrally symmetrical circles or rhombuses; Alternatively, the shape of the radiation patch includes four independently arranged and centrally symmetrical hexagons.

25. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 24, wherein: The material of the substrate includes PC, COP, PET, PMMA or glass, and the material of the antenna cover includes PC, COP, PET or PMMA.

26. An antenna array, wherein: The method comprises a plurality of antenna units according to any one of claims 1 to 25.

27. The antenna array according to claim 26, wherein: The feed networks of the plurality of antenna units are integrally formed by using a sheet metal process.

28. A communication device, wherein: Comprising an antenna array according to claim 26 or 27.

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