Ultra-wide frequency domain coverage, ultra-wide airspace coverage and lightweight multifunctional nine-element antenna array and system thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of information investigation and electronic countermeasure, in particular to a multi-element antenna array and a related system.The antenna array comprises a plurality of antenna array elements, a polygonal cylinder base, an antenna cover and a fixed bottom plate, and the input ends of the antenna array elements are connected with a radio frequency connector; the related system comprises an antenna array, a power supply and communication control module and a radio frequency module. The antenna array is used for solving the technical problems that an existing antenna array is narrow in frequency domain coverage, not wide enough in space domain coverage, large in weight and size and not integrated with the ultra-wideband azimuth direction finding function and the electronic interference function. According to the antenna array, the frequency coverage is 2-18 GHz, the airspace coverage is 360 degrees, the lightweight design is realized, and the antenna array integrates the functions of omnibearing direction finding and electronic interference; spatial multipath investigation signals are received to carry out combined amplitude comparison direction finding, characteristics and threat levels of the investigation signals are calculated and confirmed through an algorithm, and then investigation tracking and electronic interference tasks are carried out on a threat target in a specified direction according to the orientation of the threat target.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of information reconnaissance and electronic countermeasures, and more specifically, to an ultra-wide frequency domain coverage, ultra-wide airspace coverage, lightweight multifunctional nine-element antenna array and a system thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of the field of electronic information confrontation, the demand for antennas with ultra-wide frequency domain coverage and ultra-wide airspace coverage in engineering is increasing. In order to meet the engineering application requirements of the current UAV platform, the antenna must adopt a lightweight design. At the same time, the existing UAV confrontation field needs to have multi-functional requirements such as integrated detection and attack, so the antenna design needs to have multi-functional requirements. At present, broadband antennas have been widely studied and widely used. However, with the continuous increase in the demand for high-performance antennas such as wide frequency domain, wide airspace, lightweight, and multi-functional, the research and application of broadband array antenna technology has received more and more attention. However, in the process of broadband array design, there are many difficulties: the technical contradiction between wide frequency domain and wide airspace coverage is difficult to achieve; when the antenna array scale increases, it is difficult to ensure ultra-wide working bandwidth; as the antenna array scale increases, the miniaturization design problem of the antenna array is difficult to solve; while taking into account lightweight design, it is difficult to solve the problem of impact and vibration reliability in application platforms such as drones.

[0003] In order to address the technical bottlenecks faced in the implementation of the above-mentioned array antenna, an antenna array is needed that has a frequency coverage of 2 to 18 GHz, a spatial coverage of 360°, a lightweight design, and both azimuth direction finding and electronic jamming functions. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to overcome at least one defect (shortcoming) of the above-mentioned prior art and provide an ultra-wide frequency domain coverage, ultra-wide spatial domain coverage, lightweight multifunctional nine-element antenna array and its system, which are used to solve the technical problems that the existing antenna array has narrow frequency domain coverage, insufficient spatial domain coverage, heavy weight, and does not have the integrated azimuth direction finding and electronic jamming functions.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is to provide a lightweight multifunctional nine-element antenna array with ultra-wide frequency domain coverage, ultra-wide spatial domain coverage, which includes a plurality of antenna array elements, a polygonal cylindrical base, an antenna cover, and a fixed base plate. The input end of the antenna array element is connected to a radio frequency connector for electromagnetically transforming the input radio frequency signal into space radiation energy to interfere with space targets; the fixed base plate is vertically installed on the side panel of the polygonal cylindrical base, and a plurality of antenna array elements are arranged on each side panel around the center of the polygonal cylindrical base. The plane where the antenna array elements are located is at an inclined angle to the plane where the fixed base plate is located. The antenna cover covers from the top surface to the bottom surface of the polygonal cylindrical base and covers the antenna array elements therein.

[0006] It is beneficial to form 360° ultra-wide airspace coverage and 2-18GHz ultra-wide frequency domain coverage through several independent antenna array elements; the polygonal column base is used as a spatial support for the antenna array element to achieve the effect of azimuth direction finding; the polygonal column base is fixed and locked by a fixed bottom plate to achieve multi-combination installation of the antenna array element; the antenna array element is wrapped by the antenna cover to play a role in waterproofing, windproofing and corrosion prevention.

[0007] Furthermore, the antenna array elements include nine elements, the azimuth plane wave width of each antenna array element in polar coordinates is ≥40°, the elevation plane wave width of each antenna array element in polar coordinates is ≥10°, the limit value of polar coordinates is ±90°, and each antenna array element includes an antenna PCB and a support frame, the antenna PCB is fixed in the support frame, and the support frame is hollow.

[0008] It is beneficial to achieve the slant 45° linear polarization effect of the antenna array by making the azimuth plane angle of any antenna array element at least greater than or equal to 40° and the elevation plane angle at least greater than or equal to 10°, and having the coverage effect of ultra-wide airspace satisfying 0°-360° in azimuth plane and -10°-0° in elevation plane; the antenna PCB is fixed by the antenna PCB and the support frame in the antenna array element, and the angle of the antenna PCB can be adjusted by adjusting the angle of the support frame; the lightweight design effect is achieved by the hollow support frame.

[0009] Furthermore, the antenna array element also includes a reflection plate and a beam-constraining metal plate fixed on the support frame, which are used to reduce the back radiation of the antenna array element.

[0010] It is beneficial to enhance the directional effect of antenna elements through reflectors and beam-constraining metal plates, reduce back radiation, reduce external interference, increase signal transmission power and receiving distance, and thus improve signal quality.

[0011] Also provided is a lightweight multifunctional nine-element antenna array system with ultra-wide frequency domain coverage, ultra-wide spatial domain coverage, and light weight, which includes the multi-element antenna array, a power supply and communication control module, and a radio frequency module. The multi-element antenna array radiates to the space interference target through the antenna according to the system control instruction; the power supply and communication control module supplies power to the radio frequency module to realize the switch, digital attenuator control and status monitoring functions in the radio frequency module; the radio frequency module is connected to the multi-element antenna array to realize the reception and transmission of signals of the antenna in the specified direction, the modulation of the signal, and the amplification of the output signal.

[0012] It is beneficial to complete direction finding by receiving the same signal in space through a multi-antenna array system for amplitude comparison. After completing the direction finding, the reconnaissance and interference tasks are carried out in the designated direction according to the direction of the threat target; the radio frequency signal is received and radiated through the multi-antenna array; the signal received by the multi-antenna array is processed through the radio frequency module, and the corresponding transmission channel is selected according to the instruction; the input power is filtered through the power supply and communication control module, and the radio frequency module and the multi-antenna array are powered after being converted to an appropriate level.

[0013] Furthermore, the RF module includes a switch matrix and microwave channel module, a down-conversion module, an up-conversion module, and a power amplifier module. The switch matrix and microwave channel module are used to receive nine RF signals from a multi-element antenna array, and output three RF signals to the down-conversion module; the down-conversion module converts the three RF signals into corresponding intermediate frequency signals, and sends digital domain signals; the up-conversion module selects the input of the interference signal, and performs frequency conversion processing and amplitude control on the corresponding intermediate frequency signal before sending it to the power amplifier module; the power amplifier module combines the intermediate frequency signal output by the up-conversion module, amplifies the interference signal, and simultaneously receives the power supply control signal of the power supply and communication control module to realize the switching of the power-off silent state.

[0014] It is beneficial to realize the reception and transmission of signals of antennas in specified directions in a multi-element antenna array through the switch matrix and microwave channel modules; to amplify the power of the signal output by the up-conversion module through the power amplifier module; to modulate the intermediate frequency signal generated by the digital extension to the specified transmission frequency band through the up-conversion module; and to modulate the radio frequency signal output by the switch matrix and microwave channel module to the set intermediate frequency through the down-conversion module.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes a frequency synthesis module, a link module, and a digital module. The frequency synthesis module is used to generate a variable local oscillator signal and send it to the down-conversion module or the up-conversion module, and at the same time send a calibration signal to the switch matrix and microwave channel module; the link module is used to receive the ADC clock frequency provided by the frequency synthesis module, and provide an interference signal to the up-conversion module; the digital module is used to receive and process the digital domain signal sent by the down-conversion module, send the interference signal to the up-conversion module, and send a working status instruction to the power supply and communication control module.

[0016] It is beneficial to switch the variable frequency signal through the frequency synthesis module and send it to the up-conversion module or the down-conversion module, transmit the frequency signal of the frequency synthesis module to the up-conversion module through the link module, and send the three-way interference signal to the up-conversion module through the digital module.

[0017] Furthermore, the system includes a reconnaissance working mode: a high-speed LVTTL differential control signal is provided to the power supply and communication control module through the DRFM and data fusion module, so that the output control signal controls the antenna end switch in the switch matrix and the microwave channel module to switch to a receiving state, and the nine RF signals of the nine-element antenna array select any three adjacent receiving channels and receive RF signals; the power supply and communication control module outputs a control signal to the frequency synthesis module, and the frequency synthesis module switches the variable frequency local oscillator signal; the down-conversion module performs frequency conversion processing on the three RF receiving signals and outputs them to the digital module; the digital module performs received signal frequency measurement within a specific frequency band on the intermediate frequency signal, and performs received signal algorithm processing within the full frequency band.

[0018] It is beneficial to realize the detection and reception of space signals by multi-antenna arrays through the reconnaissance working mode, and enhance the scenario flexibility of multi-antenna array related systems.

[0019] Furthermore, the system also includes an interference working mode: generating three full-band RF interference signals through the DRFM and data fusion modules, and generating one communication interference signal through the communication interference module, and outputting them to the up-conversion module at the same time.

[0020] It is beneficial to realize the radiation of interference signals by a multi-element antenna array in a specific spatial direction through the interference working mode, thereby improving the functionality of the multi-element antenna array related system.

[0021] Furthermore, the interference working mode includes a communication interference working mode: the switch matrix and the microwave channel module are switched to a specified antenna beam; the frequency synthesis module switches the variable local oscillator signal frequency to a specific frequency; the two RF switches in the up-conversion module are switched to an off state to suppress the input RF interference signal, and the third single-pole double-throw switch is switched to the communication interference signal input terminal; the communication interference signal is output to the power amplifier module after frequency conversion processing by the up-conversion module.

[0022] It is beneficial to suppress the input RF interference signal through the communication interference working mode. The communication interference signal after frequency conversion processing by the up-conversion module is output to the power amplifier module, which enhances the flexibility of the interference effect.

[0023] Furthermore, the interference working mode also includes a radio frequency interference working mode: the switch matrix and the microwave channel module are switched to a specified antenna beam; the frequency synthesis module switches the variable local oscillator signal frequency to a specific frequency; the two radio frequency switches in the up-conversion module are switched to an open state to select the input radio frequency interference signal, and the third single-pole double-throw switch is switched to the radio frequency interference signal input terminal; the three independent interference signals are independently converted by the up-conversion module and output to the power amplifier module.

[0024] It is beneficial to realize the selection of input RF interference signals through the RF interference working mode. The three independent interference signals after frequency conversion processing by the up-conversion module are output to the power amplifier module, thereby enhancing the flexibility of the interference effect.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: realizing frequency coverage of 2 to 18 GHz, airspace coverage of 360°, lightweight design and an antenna array with both azimuth direction finding and electronic jamming functions; receiving the same signal in space and performing amplitude comparison to complete direction finding, and after completing direction finding, performing reconnaissance and jamming tasks in the specified direction according to the azimuth of the threat target. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is an exploded schematic diagram of the overall structure of the multi-element antenna array of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the antenna array element and the polygonal cylindrical base of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the antenna array element of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 It is the modal analysis diagram of the antenna structure of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 It is a cloud diagram of the 3σ value of the equivalent stress under the acceleration PSD corresponding to the antenna structure of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6 It is the equivalent stress cloud diagram of the antenna structure of the present invention under half-sine impact.

[0032] Figure 7 It is the modal analysis diagram of the radome of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 8 This is the PSD diagram of the vibration environment acceleration of the radome of the present invention.

[0034] Fig. 9 It is a cloud diagram of the 3σ value of the equivalent stress of the radome of the present invention under the corresponding acceleration PSD.

[0035] Fig.10 This is the equivalent stress cloud diagram of the radome of the present invention under half-sine impact.

[0036] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the division of the 380mm circular plate cover unit of the present invention.

[0037] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of wind load of the 380mm circular plate cover of the present invention.

[0038] Fig.13It is a schematic diagram of the stress response of a 380 mm circular plate cover under wind load of the present invention.

[0039] Fig.14 It is a schematic diagram of the displacement response of a 380 mm circular plate cover under wind load of the present invention.

[0040] Fig.15 This is a model diagram of the antenna array element of the present invention.

[0041] Fig.16 This is a graph of three adjacent antennas and amplitude difference at 2 GHz according to the present invention.

[0042] Fig.17 This is a graph of three adjacent antennas and amplitude difference at 18 GHz according to the present invention.

[0043] Fig.18 It is the elevation pattern of the antenna array element within the full frequency band of the present invention.

[0044] Fig.19 This is a simulation model diagram of the three antennas of the present invention located at three positions on the belly of the aircraft.

[0045] Fig. 20 This is the 2.1 GHz radiation pattern (Theta=90deg) of the antenna of the present invention under the influence of the belly of the aircraft.

[0046] Fig.21 This is the 18 GHz radiation pattern (Theta=90deg) of the antenna of the present invention under the influence of the belly of the aircraft.

[0047] Fig. 22 This is a 2.1 GHz amplitude difference curve diagram of the antenna of the present invention under the influence of the belly of the aircraft.

[0048] Fig.23 This is a curve diagram of the 18 GHz amplitude difference of the antenna of the present invention under the influence of the belly of the aircraft.

[0049] Fig.24 This is the elevation pattern of the antenna element within the full frequency band under the influence of the belly of the aircraft.

[0050] Description of the symbols in the accompanying drawings: antenna cover 100, fixed base plate 200, polygonal cylindrical base 300, antenna array element 400, support frame 410, antenna PCB 420. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The drawings of the present invention are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. In order to better illustrate the following embodiments, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of the actual product; it is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions in the drawings may be omitted. Example 1

[0052] like Figure 1-14 As shown, this embodiment provides a lightweight multifunctional nine-element antenna array with ultra-wide frequency domain coverage, ultra-wide airspace coverage, which includes a plurality of antenna elements 400, a polygonal cylindrical base 300, a radome 100, and a fixed base plate 200. The input end of the antenna element 400 is connected to a radio frequency connector for electromagnetically transforming the input radio frequency signal into space radiation energy to interfere with space targets; the fixed base plate 200 is vertically mounted on the side panel of the polygonal cylindrical base 300, and a plurality of antenna elements 400 are arranged around the center of the polygonal cylindrical base 300 on each side panel thereof. The plane where the antenna elements 400 are located is at an inclined angle to the plane where the fixed base plate 200 is located, and the radome 100 covers from the top surface to the bottom surface of the polygonal cylindrical base 300, and covers the antenna elements 400 therein.

[0053] In this embodiment, the antenna element 400 adopts a printed PCB integrated miniaturized vivaldi antenna unit type. By performing a loading design at the front end of the slot line, the size of the vivaldi antenna unit is reduced to 80 (width) × 60 (height) × 0.3 (thickness) mm; the RF plate model of the antenna element 400 is ROGERS 6002; the polygonal column base 300 is a regular enneagonal column alloy ring frame; the antenna cover 100 is made of fiberglass with a thickness of 1 mm, and waterproof treatment is achieved through a waterproof ring design. Its outer dimensions are φ380×90 mm, which meets the technical effect of miniaturization of the overall size of the antenna element 400; the impedance bandwidth of the antenna element 400 is 2-18 GHz, and is designed to meet the technical indicator of standing wave ratio ≤2.

[0054] The antenna array element 400 includes nine elements, and the azimuth surface wave width of each antenna array element 400 in polar coordinates is ≥40°, and the elevation surface wave width of each antenna array element 400 in polar coordinates is ≥10°. The limit value of polar coordinates is ±90°. Each antenna array element 400 includes an antenna PCB 420 and a support frame 410. The antenna PCB 420 is fixed in the support frame 410, and the support frame 410 is hollow.

[0055] In this embodiment, the structure of the support frame 410 for assembling and fixing the antenna PCB 420 is made of magnesium-aluminum alloy, so that its strength and corrosion resistance are maintained well. At the same time, the hollow structure can further reduce the weight, so that the weight of the antenna array element 400 meets the technical effect of ≤700g. The Vivaldi antenna used by the antenna array element 400 is a linearly polarized antenna, and the antenna array element 400 is rotated to an angle of 45° with the azimuth plane, meeting the design requirements of the antenna polarization mode. The antenna array element 400 adopts 9 units arranged along the regular nine side columns, and each unit has an azimuth plane wave width of ≥40° and an elevation plane wave width of ≥10°, meeting the technical indicators of airspace coverage of 0°~360° in azimuth plane and -10°~0° in elevation plane.

[0056] The antenna array element 400 further includes a reflector and a beam-constraining metal plate fixed on the support frame 410 , which are used to reduce the back radiation of the antenna array element 400 .

[0057] In this embodiment, the antenna array element 400 is a directional antenna, and a reflector and a beam-constraining metal plate are added to the antenna unit to reduce back radiation. The antenna simulation gain is ≥ 0 dBc, meeting the antenna gain design index requirement.

[0058] In this embodiment, the vibration impact simulation analysis is performed on the structure of the multi-element antenna array. In order to prevent the loss of mode and improve the accuracy of the subsequent vibration impact analysis, the complete structure is taken for analysis here, and the appearance of the multi-element antenna array is a periodically symmetrical structure. Parameter settings in the simulation analysis: the aluminum structural material density of the support frame 410 is 2770kg / m3, the Young's modulus is 71GPa, and the Poisson's ratio is 0.33, corresponding to the tensile strength [σp] = 310MPa, the yield strength [σ0.2] = 276MPa, and the shear strength [στ] = 207MPa. The density of the PCB structural plate material is 2200kg / m3, the Young's modulus in each direction is 156 / 125 / 136MPa, and the corresponding Poisson's ratio is 0.11 / 0.09 / 0.14, corresponding to the bending strength of 400-500MPa, the compression strength of 500-550MPa, the yield strength of 350-400MPa, and the impact strength of 500-600MPa. For the calculation model, it is assumed that each connection is a rigid connection. The simulation results of the first 6 modal orders are as follows: Figure 4 As shown. The maximum stress of 3σ value in each direction under each working condition is calculated to be 0.447MPa, and the maximum equivalent stress is 0.801MPa, which are both less than the corresponding material strength parameters and meet the use requirements. The cloud diagram of equivalent stress 3σ value under acceleration PSD is shown as follows Figure 5 When the standard used is a 50g / 11ms half-sine shock, it is applied in the form of acceleration load in Ansys Workbench. The equivalent stress cloud diagram is calculated as follows Figure 6As shown. The maximum equivalent stress in each direction under each working condition is calculated to be 77.13MPa, which is also much smaller than the material strength parameter. In summary, after the corresponding vibration impact test calculation and analysis, the antenna structure is safe and meets the use requirements.

[0059] In this embodiment, a vibration impact simulation analysis is performed on the structure of the antenna cover 100. The cover body of the antenna cover 100 is made of fiberglass, and the bottom is connected to the base plate structure by 6 bolts evenly distributed around the circumference. The parameters of the simulation analysis are as follows: the density of the fiberglass material is 1750kg / m3, the elastic modulus is 10.7GPa, and the Poisson's ratio is 0.15, corresponding to the tensile strength [σp] = 400MPa, the compressive strength [σc] = 450MPa, and the shear strength [στ] = 100Mpa. For the calculation model, the bolted joints are set as fixed supports. The simulation calculations yield the following first 6 modal results: Figure 7 According to the relevant working environment, the random vibration power spectrum density function is taken as Figure 8 As shown. The maximum shear stress of 3σ value in each direction under each working condition is calculated to be 6.6236MPa, and the maximum equivalent stress is 19.39MPa, which are far less than the corresponding material strength parameters and meet the use requirements. The standard used here is 50g / 11ms half-sine impact, which is converted into displacement load in Ansys to apply excitation. The equivalent stress cloud diagram is as follows Fig. 9 As shown. The maximum equivalent stress in each direction under each working condition is calculated to be 0.022054Mpa, which is also much smaller than the material strength parameter. In summary, after the corresponding vibration impact test calculation and analysis, the antenna cover 100 has a safe structure and meets the use requirements.

[0060] In this embodiment, a finite element simulation analysis is performed on the antenna cover 100 under the influence of wind speed. The diameter of the antenna cover 100 is 380 mm, the height is 90 mm, and the chamfer radius is 43.5 mm. The cover body is a honeycomb sandwich structure with glass cloth inner and outer skins and honeycomb core; the bottom of the cover body is connected to the body structure by bolts, and the boundary condition is fixed support. Finite element (FEM) modeling and calculation are carried out using widely used structural calculation software. The calculation results show that the antenna cover 100 can meet the wind resistance index. The 380mm circular plate cover unit is divided as follows: Fig.11 As shown. Parameter settings for simulation analysis: interlayer thickness is 2.6 mm. Wind speed v = 55.5 m / s, safety factor k = 1.3, P = k*V2 / 1.6 = 2502.7 Pa. Calculation results of wind load: The response of stress and strain of the PB antenna cover 100 is shown in Table 1. max τ on the mask xy , τ yz , τ xz The maximum value in . Fig.12 Schematic diagram of wind load is shown. Table 1 Response of the whole hood under the action of deadweight and wind load

[0061] According to the internal force calculation of the 380mm circular plate cover structure, the maximum stress value is selected from each working condition, such as Fig.13 As shown, it can be concluded that:

[0062] Maximum shear stress τcmax=4.4MPa<[στ]

[0063] Maximum equivalent stress σemax=9.3MPa<[σp],[σc],[στ]

[0064] According to the calculation of the 380mm original structure, the maximum displacement is selected, such as Fig.14 As shown:

[0065] Maximum displacement smax=2.0mm; displacement limit 1%d=3.9mm; smax<1%d, meeting the displacement limit.

[0066] The known conditions related to height are: height h = 90 mm, wall thickness d = 0.3 + 2 + 0.3 = 2.6 mm, and the distance between the antenna cover 100 and the antenna is: Δh = h-d + Smax = 89.4 > 80 mm. It can be seen that the requirement that the space in the cavity is greater than 80 mm is met. Example 2

[0067] The present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the connection device between the support frame 410 and the polygonal cylindrical base 300 in the present embodiment is a threaded structure, which is tubular toward the center of the polygonal cylindrical base 300, and nine threaded structures are provided correspondingly to the nine antenna array elements 400. A rotating assembly is provided at the center of the polygonal cylindrical base 300 to control the dynamic rotation of the nine threaded structures, and the rotation angles of the nine threaded structures are different to achieve more accurate reception and transmission of directional antenna signals, thereby improving the flexibility of use of the multi-element antenna array and related systems.

[0068] The nine RF signals of the nine-element antenna array select three adjacent receiving channels and receive RF signals. The rotating component controls the three adjacent antenna array elements 400 to rotate at different angles according to the frequency band requirements to achieve a wider range and more flexible frequency band adjustment. Example 3

[0069] In the present embodiment, a lightweight multifunctional nine-element antenna array system with ultra-wide frequency domain coverage, ultra-wide spatial domain coverage is provided, which includes the multi-element antenna array, a power supply and communication control module and a radio frequency module. The multi-element antenna array radiates to the space interference target through the antenna according to the system control instruction; the power supply and communication control module supplies power to the radio frequency module to realize the switch, digital attenuator control and status monitoring functions in the radio frequency module; the radio frequency module is connected to the multi-element antenna array to realize the reception and transmission of signals of the antenna in the specified direction, the modulation of the signal, and the amplification of the output signal.

[0070] In this embodiment, the multi-element antenna array is mainly used to detect and receive spatial signals and radiate interference signals in a specific spatial direction. The RF module is used to limit, filter, amplify, and down-convert the RF signal received by the multi-element antenna array to an intermediate frequency for processing by the receiver, and at the same time up-convert, filter, and amplify the intermediate frequency interference signal, and select the corresponding transmission channel according to the instruction. The power supply and communication control module provides filtering, voltage conversion, and control level conversion functions for the input power supply connected to the drone, thereby providing working power for each RF module; and through receiving the working status instruction control of the digital module, it realizes the switch matrix and microwave channel module, power amplifier module, up and down conversion module. The involved switches, digitally controlled attenuator control and status monitoring functions.

[0071] The RF module includes a switch matrix and microwave channel module, a down-conversion module, an up-conversion module, and a power amplifier module. The switch matrix and microwave channel module are used to receive nine RF signals from a multi-element antenna array and output three RF signals to the down-conversion module; the down-conversion module converts the three RF signals into corresponding intermediate frequency signals and sends digital domain signals; the up-conversion module selects the input of the interference signal, and performs frequency conversion processing and amplitude control on the corresponding intermediate frequency signal before sending it to the power amplifier module; the power amplifier module combines the intermediate frequency signals output by the up-conversion module and amplifies the interference signals, and at the same time receives the power supply control signal of the power supply and communication control module to realize the switching of the power-off silent state.

[0072] It also includes a frequency synthesis module, a link module, and a digital module. The frequency synthesis module is used to generate a variable local oscillator signal and send it to the down-conversion module or the up-conversion module, and at the same time send a calibration signal to the switch matrix and microwave channel module; the link module is used to receive the ADC clock frequency provided by the frequency synthesis module, and provide an interference signal to the up-conversion module; the digital module is used to receive and process the digital domain signal sent by the down-conversion module, send the interference signal to the up-conversion module, and send a working status instruction to the power supply and communication control module.

[0073] In this embodiment, the switch matrix and microwave channel module realize the gating, limiting, receiving amplification, receiving gain control, and calibration of the receiving link signal of 9 broadband RF signals, and have the function of gating the RF output of the transmitting channel. The down-conversion module converts the left, middle, and right three-way received RF signals to the corresponding intermediate frequency according to the variable local oscillator signal generated by the fast frequency synthesis module, and provides them to the digital module for digital domain signal processing such as frequency measurement and direction finding. The up-conversion module selects the input of the switch control signal provided by the power supply and communication control module, the interference signal provided by the digital module and the communication interference module, and performs frequency conversion processing and amplitude control on the corresponding intermediate frequency signal, and finally provides it to the power amplifier module. The power amplifier module combines the 3 input signals, and based on the GaN high-efficiency and high-power amplifier single chip, adopts synthesis technology, and performs high-efficiency power synthesis through 4 GaN single chips with a saturated output power of 10W, so as to achieve the amplification function of RF interference signals and communication interference signals. At the same time, the power-off silent state switching can be realized through the power supply control signal provided by the power supply and communication control module.

[0074] The system includes a reconnaissance working mode: a high-speed LVTTL differential control signal is provided to the power supply and communication control module through the DRFM and data fusion module, so that the output control signal controls the antenna end switch in the switch matrix and the microwave channel module to switch to the receiving state, and the nine-way radio frequency signals of the nine-element antenna array select any three adjacent receiving channels and receive radio frequency signals; the power supply and communication control module outputs a control signal to the frequency synthesis module, and the frequency synthesis module switches the variable frequency local oscillator signal; the down-conversion module performs frequency conversion processing on the three-way radio frequency receiving signal and outputs it to the digital module; the digital module performs frequency measurement of the intermediate frequency signal within a specific frequency band, and algorithm processing of the receiving signal within the full frequency band.

[0075] In this embodiment, the system is first in the reconnaissance working mode, the DRFM and data fusion module provides a high-speed LVTTL differential control signal to the power supply and communication control module, and controls the switch matrix and the antenna end transceiver switch in the microwave channel module to switch to the receiving state through the control signal; according to the control instruction, 3 adjacent receiving channels are arbitrarily selected from the 9 RF receiving signals to receive the RF signal; at this time, the power supply and communication control module outputs a control signal to the frequency synthesis module, and the frequency synthesis module switches the variable frequency local oscillator signal; the down-conversion module performs frequency conversion processing on the 3 RF receiving signals, and converts them into 1.3-2.3GHz intermediate frequency signals respectively, which are marked as left beam, right beam, and medium beam intermediate frequency signals, and output to the digital receiver; the digital receiver processes the three intermediate frequency signals, and performs algorithm processing such as frequency measurement of the receiving signals within the 2-3GHz and 6-8GHz frequency bands and parameter measurement, direction finding, and sorting of the receiving signals within the full frequency band of 2-18GHz.

[0076] The system also includes an interference working mode: generating three full-band RF interference signals through the DRFM and data fusion modules, and generating one communication interference signal through the communication interference module, and outputting them to the up-conversion module at the same time.

[0077] In this embodiment, when the system is in interference mode, the DRFM and data fusion module generates three RF interference signals within the 2-18 GHz frequency band and outputs them to the up-conversion module; the communication interference module generates one communication interference signal and outputs it to the up-conversion module.

[0078] The interference working mode includes a communication interference working mode: the switch matrix and the microwave channel module are switched to a specified antenna beam; the frequency synthesis module switches the variable local oscillator signal frequency to a specific frequency; the two RF switches in the up-conversion module are switched to an off state to suppress the input RF interference signal, and the third single-pole double-throw switch is switched to the communication interference signal input terminal; the communication interference signal is output to the power amplifier module after frequency conversion processing by the up-conversion module.

[0079] In this embodiment, in the communication interference working mode, the DRFM and data fusion module provide high-speed LVTTL differential control signals to the power supply and communication control module, and the power supply and communication control module outputs control signals to the up-conversion module, the frequency synthesis module, and the switch matrix and microwave channel module; wherein the 9-to-1 switch in the switch matrix and the microwave channel module is switched to the specified antenna beam according to the control; the frequency synthesis module switches the variable local oscillator signal frequency to a specific frequency; the two RF switches inside the up-conversion module are switched to the off state to suppress the input RF interference signal, and the third single-pole double-throw switch is switched to the communication interference signal input end; the communication interference signal is output to the power amplifier module after frequency conversion processing by the up-conversion module; the power amplifier module combines and amplifies the input RF signal; the 9-element antenna performs electromagnetic conversion on the input RF signal and converts it into space radiation energy to interfere with the space target; according to the system control instruction, the transceiver switch is switched to the transmitting state, and the specified beam among the 9 beams is selected for transmission, and radiated to the space interference target through the antenna.

[0080] The interference working mode also includes a radio frequency interference working mode: the switch matrix and the microwave channel module are switched to a specified antenna beam; the frequency synthesis module switches the variable local oscillator signal frequency to a specific frequency; the two radio frequency switches in the up-conversion module are switched to an open state to select the input radio frequency interference signal, and the third single-pole double-throw switch is switched to the radio frequency interference signal input terminal; the three independent interference signals are independently converted by the up-conversion module and output to the power amplifier module.

[0081] In this embodiment, in the RF interference working mode, the DRFM and data fusion module provide high-speed LVTTL differential control signals to the power supply and communication control module, and the power supply and communication control module outputs control signals to the up-conversion module, the frequency synthesis module, and the switch matrix and microwave channel module; wherein the 9-to-1 switch in the switch matrix and the microwave channel module is switched to the specified antenna beam according to the control; the frequency synthesis module switches the variable local oscillator signal frequency to a specific frequency; the two RF switches inside the up-conversion module are switched to an open state to select the input RF interference signal, and the third single-pole double-throw switch is switched to the RF interference signal input end; the three independent interference signals are output to the power amplifier module after independent frequency conversion by the up-conversion module; the power amplifier module combines and amplifies the input RF signal; the 9-element antenna performs electromagnetic conversion on the input RF signal and converts it into space radiation energy to interfere with the space target; according to the system control instruction, the transceiver switch is switched to the transmitting state, and a specified beam among the 9 beams is selected for transmission, and radiated to the space interference target through the antenna.

[0082] In this embodiment, Figure 15-24 As shown, after the antenna array element 400 is installed, the antenna with a radiation direction angle of 0 degrees in the direction of the nose is set as antenna No. 1. Looking down from top to bottom, starting from antenna No. 1, the remaining antennas are set as antennas No. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 in a clockwise direction. The antenna unit model is as follows Fig.15 The amplitude comparison simulation of the three adjacent antennas is performed, and the amplitude difference curves of the three adjacent antennas at 2GHz and 18GHz in the full frequency band are shown in Fig.16 , 17 The simulation results of the coverage of the antenna array element 400 in the full frequency band are shown in Fig.18 As shown, the pitch coverage range is -10° to 0° (horizontal is 0°, downward is negative, and upward is positive).

[0083] Considering the influence of the aircraft belly, the aircraft fuselage is made of carbon fiber, and the RF signal in the 2-18GHz frequency band is reflected as a full reflection electrical characteristic. In the simulation model, the belly is replaced by a 0.45×2.5m metal reflector, and the antenna is located under the belly. Considering that the three antenna units are affected differently by the belly at different positions, the antennas at positions 1, 2, and 3 are modeled and simulated and analyzed separately. The simulation model is as follows: Fig.19 The directional pattern comparison curves when Theta = 90deg at positions ①, ②, and ③ are shown in the figure below. The directional pattern at 2.1GHz is shown in the figure below. Fig. 20 As shown, the 18GHz radiation pattern is as follows Fig.21 shown.

[0084] The amplitude difference processing is performed according to the antenna unit radiation pattern curves at positions 1, 2, and 3. The low frequency band 2-8.5GHz uses the amplitude difference of the alternate units, and the high frequency band 9-18GHz uses the amplitude difference processing of the adjacent units. The 2.1GHz amplitude difference curve is as follows: Fig. 22 As shown, the 18GHz amplitude difference curve is as follows Fig.23 As shown in the figure. Due to the great influence of the aircraft belly, the antenna radiation pattern is distorted, and the mainboard has a concave and convex shape. However, by calculating the difference between adjacent or alternate radiation patterns, the difference curve is generally monotonous, and the wave direction can be determined by the difference curve.

[0085] The simulation results of the antenna unit pitch coverage in the full frequency band are as follows: Fig.24 As shown, the pitch coverage range is -10° to 0° (horizontal is 0°, downward is negative, and upward is positive).

[0086] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the specific implementation methods of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the claims of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A lightweight multifunctional nine-element antenna array with ultra-wide frequency domain coverage, ultra-wide spatial domain coverage, characterized in that: It includes a plurality of antenna array elements, a polygonal cylindrical base, an antenna cover, and a fixed bottom plate. The input end of the antenna array element is connected to a radio frequency connector for electromagnetically transforming the input radio frequency signal into space radiation energy to interfere with space targets. The fixed bottom plate is vertically installed on the side panel of the polygonal cylindrical base. A plurality of antenna array elements are arranged on each side panel around the center of the polygonal cylindrical base. The plane where the antenna array elements are located is inclined at an angle to the plane where the fixed bottom plate is located. The antenna cover covers from the top surface to the bottom surface of the polygonal cylindrical base and covers the antenna array elements therein.

2. The ultra-wide frequency domain coverage, ultra-wide spatial domain coverage, lightweight multifunctional nine-element antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antenna array elements include nine elements, the azimuth plane wave width of each antenna array element in polar coordinates is ≥40°, the elevation plane wave width of each antenna array element in polar coordinates is ≥10°, the limit value of polar coordinates is ±90°, and each antenna array element includes an antenna PCB and a support frame, the antenna PCB is fixed in the support frame, and the support frame is hollow.

3. The ultra-wide frequency domain coverage, ultra-wide spatial domain coverage, lightweight multifunctional nine-element antenna array according to claim 2, characterized in that: The antenna array element also includes a reflection plate and a beam-constraining metal plate fixed on the support frame, which are used to reduce the back radiation of the antenna array element.

4. A lightweight multifunctional nine-element antenna array system with ultra-wide frequency domain coverage, ultra-wide spatial domain coverage, characterized in that: It comprises the multi-element antenna array as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, and also comprises a power supply and communication control module and a radio frequency module, wherein the multi-element antenna array radiates to the space interference target through the antenna according to the system control instruction; the power supply and communication control module supplies power to the radio frequency module to realize the switch, digital attenuator control and status monitoring functions in the radio frequency module; the radio frequency module is connected to the multi-element antenna array to realize the reception and transmission of the signal of the antenna in the specified direction, the modulation of the signal, and the amplification of the output signal.

5. The ultra-wide frequency domain coverage, ultra-wide spatial domain coverage, lightweight multifunctional nine-element antenna array system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The RF module includes a switch matrix and microwave channel module, a down-conversion module, an up-conversion module, and a power amplifier module. The switch matrix and microwave channel module are used to receive nine RF signals from a multi-element antenna array and output three RF signals to the down-conversion module; the down-conversion module converts the three RF signals into corresponding intermediate frequency signals and sends digital domain signals; the up-conversion module selects the input of the interference signal, and performs frequency conversion processing and amplitude control on the corresponding intermediate frequency signal before sending it to the power amplifier module; the power amplifier module combines the intermediate frequency signals output by the up-conversion module and amplifies the interference signals, and at the same time receives the power supply control signal of the power supply and communication control module to realize the switching of the power-off silent state.

6. The ultra-wide frequency domain coverage, ultra-wide spatial domain coverage, lightweight multifunctional nine-element antenna array system according to claim 5 is characterized in that: It also includes a frequency synthesis module, a link module, and a digital module. The frequency synthesis module is used to generate a variable local oscillator signal and send it to the down-conversion module or the up-conversion module, and at the same time send a calibration signal to the switch matrix and microwave channel module; the link module is used to receive the ADC clock frequency provided by the frequency synthesis module, and provide an interference signal to the up-conversion module; the digital module is used to receive and process the digital domain signal sent by the down-conversion module, send the interference signal to the up-conversion module, and send a working status instruction to the power supply and communication control module.

7. The ultra-wide frequency domain coverage, ultra-wide spatial domain coverage, lightweight multifunctional nine-element antenna array system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The system includes a reconnaissance working mode: providing a high-speed LVTTL differential control signal to the power supply and communication control module through the DRFM and data fusion module, so that the output control signal controls the antenna end switch in the switch matrix and microwave channel module to switch to a receiving state, and the nine-channel RF signals of the nine-element antenna array select any adjacent three-channel receiving channels and receive the RF signal; The power supply and communication control module outputs a control signal to the frequency synthesis module, and the frequency synthesis module switches the variable frequency local oscillator signal; the down-conversion module performs frequency conversion processing on the three-way RF receiving signal and outputs it to the digital module; the digital module measures the frequency of the receiving signal within a specific frequency band of the intermediate frequency signal, and performs algorithm processing on the receiving signal within the full frequency band.

8. The ultra-wide frequency domain coverage, ultra-wide spatial domain coverage, lightweight multifunctional nine-element antenna array system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The system also includes an interference working mode: generating three full-band RF interference signals through the DRFM and data fusion modules, and generating one communication interference signal through the communication interference module, and outputting them to the up-conversion module at the same time.

9. The ultra-wide frequency domain coverage, ultra-wide spatial domain coverage, lightweight multifunctional nine-element antenna array system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The interference working mode includes a communication interference working mode: the switch matrix and the microwave channel module are switched to a specified antenna beam; the frequency synthesis module switches the variable local oscillator signal frequency to a specific frequency; the two RF switches in the up-conversion module are switched to an off state to suppress the input RF interference signal, and the third single-pole double-throw switch is switched to the communication interference signal input terminal; the communication interference signal is output to the power amplifier module after frequency conversion processing by the up-conversion module.

10. The ultra-wide frequency domain coverage, ultra-wide spatial domain coverage, lightweight multifunctional nine-element antenna array system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The interference working mode also includes a radio frequency interference working mode: the switch matrix and the microwave channel module are switched to a specified antenna beam; the frequency synthesis module switches the variable local oscillator signal frequency to a specific frequency; the two radio frequency switches in the up-conversion module are switched to an open state to select the input radio frequency interference signal, and the third single-pole double-throw switch is switched to the radio frequency interference signal input terminal; the three independent interference signals are independently converted by the up-conversion module and output to the power amplifier module.

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