Ultrahigh-precision hard turning machine tool for cylindrical hydrostatic guideway

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of machine tools, and aims to solve the technical problems that most traditional lathes adopt sliding guide rails or linear guide rails as motion guide parts, vibration and errors are generated due to the influence of friction and abrasion in the machining process, and the precision and the surface smoothness of machined parts can be influenced. The ultrahigh-precision hard turning machine tool comprises a machine tool body, and a headstock mechanism, a horizontal driving mechanism, a static pressure guide rail mechanism and a programmable tailstock mechanism are installed on the machine tool body. The hydrostatic guide rail mechanism comprises a saddle upper body, a saddle lower body and a circular guide rail, guide rail mounting seats are arranged at the left end and the right end of the top of the lathe bed respectively, the two ends of the circular guide rail are fixedly connected with the guide rail mounting seats respectively, the circular guide rail is sleeved with a sleeve in sliding connection, and an oil injection hole is formed in the sleeve. A clamping structure formed by fixedly connecting an upper saddle body and a lower saddle body is arranged on the outer wall of the sleeve; and the saddle upper body is provided with a vertical driving mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of machine tools, in particular to an ultra-high precision hard turning machine tool with a cylindrical hydrostatic guide rail. Background Art

[0002] In the field of mechanical processing, lathes are key metal cutting equipment, and their performance directly determines the precision, surface quality and production efficiency of machined parts. Traditional lathes mostly use sliding guides or linear guides as motion guide components. These guides are prone to vibration and errors due to factors such as friction and wear during the processing process, thus affecting the precision and surface finish of machined parts. In addition, vibration will accelerate tool wear, shorten tool life, and increase production costs.

[0003] In order to solve the problems of traditional lathes, people began to try to apply hydrostatic guideways to lathes. Hydrostatic guideways inject high-pressure lubricating oil into the gap of the guideway to form a thin oil film, which puts the guideway in a pure liquid friction state, thereby greatly reducing friction resistance and wear, and improving the accuracy retention and service life of the guideway. At the same time, due to the damping effect of the oil film, the hydrostatic guideway can also effectively absorb and suppress vibration, improving the stability of the processing process.

[0004] However, most hydrostatic guide lathes on the market currently use rectangular hydrostatic guides. Although this type of guide improves processing accuracy and stability to a certain extent, its limitation is that it can only achieve hydrostatic damping and shock absorption effects in one direction. When the lathe is subjected to vertical or inclined forces during processing, the shock absorption effect of the rectangular hydrostatic guide will be greatly reduced, thus affecting processing quality and efficiency.

[0005] Therefore, developing a lathe that can overcome the above-mentioned defects becomes an urgent need in the field of mechanical processing. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned technology and provide an ultra-high precision hard turning machine tool for a cylindrical hydrostatic guide rail.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is an ultra-high precision hard turning machine tool with a cylindrical hydrostatic guide rail, comprising a bed, a headstock mechanism, a horizontal drive mechanism, a vertical drive mechanism, a hydrostatic guide rail mechanism, a drive motor, and a second tool, wherein the bed is equipped with a headstock mechanism, a horizontal drive mechanism, a hydrostatic guide rail mechanism, and a programmable tailstock mechanism;

[0008] The hydrostatic guide rail mechanism comprises a saddle upper body, a saddle lower body, a circular guide rail, a guide rail mounting seat, a sleeve, an oil injection hole, and a copper sleeve. The left and right ends of the top of the bed are respectively provided with guide rail mounting seats, the two ends of the circular guide rail are respectively fixedly connected to the guide rail mounting seats, the circular guide rail is sleeved with a slidingly connected sleeve, the sleeve is provided with an oil injection hole, and the outer wall of the sleeve is provided with a saddle upper body and a saddle lower body;

[0009] The saddle upper body is provided with a vertical driving mechanism, a driving motor is installed on the vertical driving mechanism, and the output end of the driving motor forms a connection structure with the second tool.

[0010] Furthermore, two copper sleeves are arranged in the sleeve, and the copper sleeves are respectively sleeved on the left and right ends of the circular guide rail, and an oil storage area is formed between the two copper sleeves, and the oil filling hole is arranged corresponding to the oil storage area.

[0011] Furthermore, the inclination angle of the saddle upper body is 40-45°.

[0012] Furthermore, a slope surface of 40-45° is provided on the top of the bed, and the headboard box mechanism is installed on the slope surface of the bed.

[0013] Furthermore, the saddle lower body is a semicircular tube structure, and a semicircular tube corresponding to the saddle lower body is provided on the back side of the saddle upper body, and the saddle lower body and the saddle upper body form a fixed connection structure through bolts.

[0014] Furthermore, the vertical drive mechanism includes a No. 2 servo motor, a No. 2 screw rod, a No. 2 shaft seat, two No. 4 guide rails, and a mounting platform. The No. 2 servo motor, the No. 2 shaft seat and the No. 4 guide rail are installed on the front body of the saddle upper body. The No. 2 servo motor output end is connected to the No. 2 screw rod, and the other end of the No. 2 screw rod is rotatably connected to the No. 2 shaft seat. A threaded mounting platform is provided on the No. 2 screw rod, and the left and right ends of the mounting platform are respectively slidably connected to the No. 4 guide rails. The drive motor is installed on the mounting platform, and a protective shell for protecting the vertical drive mechanism is installed on the saddle upper body.

[0015] Furthermore, the horizontal drive mechanism includes a No. 1 servo motor, a No. 1 screw rod, a No. 1 shaft seat, a No. 2 guide rail, and a No. 3 guide rail. The bed body is installed with a No. 1 servo motor, a No. 1 shaft seat, a No. 2 guide rail, and a No. 3 guide rail. The output end of the No. 1 servo motor is connected to a No. 1 screw rod, and the other end of the No. 1 screw rod is connected to a No. 1 shaft seat rotating rod. The No. 1 screw rod is provided with a threaded saddle upper body, and the saddle upper body is slidably connected to the No. 2 guide rail. The saddle lower body is provided with a fixed No. 2 connecting plate, and the No. 2 connecting plate is slidably connected to the No. 3 guide rail.

[0016] Furthermore, the headstock mechanism includes a machine tool spindle box and a three-jaw chuck. The machine tool spindle box is fixedly mounted on the bed, and the three-jaw chuck is connected to the machine tool spindle box; the machine tool spindle box drives the three-jaw chuck to rotate.

[0017] Furthermore, the programmable tailstock mechanism includes a tailstock, a bearing support, a hydraulic telescopic rod, a No. 1 connecting plate, and a No. 1 guide rail. The left end of the hydraulic telescopic rod is hinged to the bed, two No. 1 guide rails are provided on the bed, and the two No. 1 guide rails are respectively located on the front and rear sides of the hydraulic telescopic rod. The tailstock is interactively connected to the No. 1 guide rail, a fixed mounting seat is provided on the tailstock, a rotatably connected bearing support is provided in the mounting seat, a fixed No. 1 connecting plate is provided on the right side of the tailstock, and the right end of the hydraulic telescopic rod is hinged to the No. 1 connecting plate.

[0018] The advantages of the present invention compared with the prior art are:

[0019] 1) The overall structure of this device is compact and stable, suitable for high-precision hard turning. By adopting a cylindrical hydrostatic guide rail, it can achieve hydrostatic damping and shock absorption effects, thereby improving processing accuracy and surface finish;

[0020] 2) Both the vertical drive mechanism and the horizontal drive mechanism adopt servo motor and screw transmission structure, making the feeding movement more stable and precise.

[0021] 3) The programmable tailstock mechanism can be flexibly adjusted according to processing requirements, further improving the applicability and processing accuracy of the machine tool. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a first perspective stereogram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 is a second perspective stereogram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the bedside box mechanism of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 is a first-view stereoscopic diagram of the horizontal drive mechanism of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a second perspective stereogram of the horizontal drive mechanism of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the vertical driving mechanism of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the hydrostatic guide rail mechanism of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8It is a schematic diagram of the sleeve structure of the present invention;

[0030] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the copper sleeve of the present invention;

[0031] Fig.10 It is a structural schematic diagram of the programmable tailstock mechanism of the present invention.

[0032] As shown in the figure: 1. Bed, 2. Headstock mechanism, 201. Machine spindle box, 202. Three-jaw chuck, 3. Horizontal drive mechanism, 301. Servo motor No. 1, 302. Screw rod No. 1, 303. Shaft seat No. 1, 304. Guide rail No. 2, 305. Guide rail No. 3, 4. Vertical drive mechanism, 401. Servo motor No. 2, 402. Screw rod No. 2, 403. Shaft seat No. 2, 404. Guide rail No. 4, 405. Mounting table, 406. Protective outer Shell, 5, hydrostatic guide rail mechanism, 501, saddle upper body, 502, saddle lower body, 503, circular guide rail, 504, guide rail mounting seat, 505, sleeve, 506, oil filling hole, 507, copper sleeve, 6, drive motor, 7, No. 2 tool, 8, No. 2 connecting plate, 9, programmable tailstock mechanism, 901, tailstock, 902, bearing support, 903, hydraulic telescopic rod, 904, No. 1 connecting plate, 905, No. 1 guide rail, 906, mounting seat. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The ultra-high precision hard turning machine tool for a cylindrical hydrostatic guide rail of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0034] In conjunction with the accompanying drawings, an ultra-high precision hard turning machine tool for a cylindrical hydrostatic guideway comprises a bed 1, a headstock mechanism 2, a horizontal drive mechanism 3, a vertical drive mechanism 4, a hydrostatic guideway mechanism 5, a drive motor 6, and a second tool 7. The bed 1 is equipped with a headstock mechanism 2, a horizontal drive mechanism 3, a hydrostatic guideway mechanism 5, and a programmable tailstock mechanism 9;

[0035] The hydrostatic guide rail mechanism 5 comprises a saddle upper body 501, a saddle lower body 502, a circular guide rail 503, a guide rail mounting seat 504, a sleeve 505, an oil injection hole 506, and a copper sleeve 507. The left and right ends of the top of the bed 1 are respectively provided with guide rail mounting seats 504, and the two ends of the circular guide rail 503 are respectively fixedly connected to the guide rail mounting seats 504. The circular guide rail 503 is sleeved with a sleeve 505 in sliding connection, and the sleeve 505 is provided with an oil injection hole 506. The outer wall of the sleeve 505 is provided with a saddle upper body 501 and a saddle lower body 502;

[0036] The saddle upper body 501 is provided with a vertical driving mechanism 4 , on which a driving motor 6 is installed, and an output end of the driving motor 6 forms a connection structure with the second tool 7 .

[0037] As a preferred implementation scheme of this embodiment, two copper sleeves 507 are provided in the sleeve 505, and the copper sleeves 507 are respectively sleeved on the left and right ends of the circular guide rail 503, and an oil storage area is formed between the two copper sleeves 507, and the oil filling hole 506 is arranged corresponding to the oil storage area.

[0038] As a preferred implementation scheme of this embodiment, the inclination angle of the saddle upper body 501 is 45°.

[0039] As a preferred implementation scheme of this embodiment, a 45° slope surface is provided on the top of the bed 1 , and the headboard box mechanism 2 is installed on the slope surface of the bed 1 .

[0040] As a preferred implementation scheme of this embodiment, the saddle lower body 502 is a semicircular tube structure, and the back side of the saddle upper body 501 is provided with a semicircular tube corresponding to the saddle lower body 502, and the saddle lower body 502 and the saddle upper body 501 form a fixed connection structure through bolts.

[0041] As a preferred implementation scheme of this embodiment, the vertical drive mechanism 4 includes a No. 2 servo motor 401, a No. 2 screw rod 402, a No. 2 shaft seat 403, two No. 4 guide rails 404, and a mounting platform 405. The No. 2 servo motor 401, the No. 2 shaft seat 403 and the No. 4 guide rail 404 are installed on the front body of the saddle upper body 501. The No. 2 servo motor 401 output end is connected to the No. 2 screw rod 402, and the other end of the No. 2 screw rod 402 is rotatably connected to the No. 2 shaft seat 403. A threaded mounting platform 405 is provided on the No. 2 screw rod 402, and the left and right ends of the mounting platform 405 are respectively slidably connected to the No. 4 guide rail 404. The drive motor 6 is installed on the mounting platform 405, and a protective shell 406 for protecting the vertical drive mechanism 4 is installed on the saddle upper body 501.

[0042] As a preferred implementation scheme of this embodiment, the horizontal driving mechanism 3 includes a No. 1 servo motor 301, a No. 1 screw rod 302, a No. 1 shaft seat 303, a No. 2 guide rail 304, and a No. 3 guide rail 305. The bed body 1 is installed with a No. 1 servo motor 301, a No. 1 shaft seat 303, a No. 2 guide rail 304, and a No. 3 guide rail 305. The output end of the No. 1 servo motor 301 is connected to the No. 1 screw rod 302, and the other end of the No. 1 screw rod 302 is connected to the rotating rod of the No. 1 shaft seat 303. The No. 1 screw rod 302 is provided with a threaded saddle upper body 501, and the saddle upper body 501 is slidably connected to the No. 2 guide rail 304. The saddle lower body 502 is provided with a fixed No. 2 connecting plate 8, and the No. 2 connecting plate 8 is slidably connected to the No. 3 guide rail 305.

[0043] As a preferred implementation scheme of this embodiment, the headstock mechanism 2 includes a machine tool spindle box 201 and a three-jaw chuck 202. The machine tool spindle box 201 is fixedly installed on the bed 1, and the three-jaw chuck 202 is connected to the machine tool spindle box 201; the machine tool spindle box 201 drives the three-jaw chuck 202 to rotate.

[0044] As a preferred implementation scheme of this embodiment, the programmable tailstock mechanism 9 includes a tailstock 901, a bearing support 902, a hydraulic telescopic rod 903, a No. 1 connecting plate 904, and a No. 1 guide rail 905. The left end of the hydraulic telescopic rod 903 is hinged to the bed 1, and two No. 1 guide rails 905 are provided on the bed 1, and the two No. 1 guide rails 905 are respectively located on the front and rear sides of the hydraulic telescopic rod 903. The tailstock 901 is interactively connected with the No. 1 guide rail 905, and a fixed mounting seat 906 is provided on the tailstock 901. A rotatably connected bearing support 902 is provided in the mounting seat 906. A fixed No. 1 connecting plate 904 is provided on the right side of the tailstock 901, and the right end of the hydraulic telescopic rod 903 is hinged to the No. 1 connecting plate 904.

[0045] In the specific implementation of the present invention, the device uses a Siemens 840D numerical control system, wherein the machine tool spindle box 201 and the three-jaw chuck 202 in the headstock mechanism 2 are existing devices, and their specific structures are not repeated here.

[0046] When the device is used, first, the pipe to be processed is clamped and fixed by the three-jaw chuck 202. Then, the hydraulic telescopic rod 903 is extended and retracted according to the instruction, driving the tailstock 901 to adjust the position, so that the bearing support 902 moves to a suitable position;

[0047] Next, the first servo motor 301 and the second servo motor 401 are started respectively to drive the saddle upper body 501 and the mounting table 405 to perform horizontal and vertical feeding movements respectively, so that the second tool 7 gradually approaches the workpiece and starts cutting processing;

[0048] During the processing, the pressure of the oil supply device connected to the oil injection hole 506 is 4Mpa, and the oil used is No. 32 hydraulic oil. Static oil is injected into the gap between the sleeve 505 and the circular guide rail 503 through the oil injection hole 506 to form a static oil film. The thickness radius of the obtained oil film is 0.025mm, achieving static pressure damping and shock absorption effects, and improving processing accuracy and surface finish;

[0049] After the processing is completed, the first servo motor 301, the second servo motor 401 and the pneumatic drive device are turned off, the three-jaw chuck 202 is released and the workpiece is taken out.

[0050] The present invention and its embodiments are described above, and such description is not restrictive. The drawings show only one embodiment of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In short, if ordinary technicians in the field are inspired by it, without departing from the purpose of the invention, they can design a structure and embodiment similar to the technical solution without creativity, which should belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ultra-high precision hard turning machine tool for cylindrical hydrostatic guide rails, characterized in that: The machine comprises a bed (1), a headstock mechanism (2), a horizontal drive mechanism (3), a vertical drive mechanism (4), a hydrostatic guide rail mechanism (5), a drive motor (6), and a second tool (7); the bed (1) is provided with a headstock mechanism (2), a horizontal drive mechanism (3), a hydrostatic guide rail mechanism (5), and a programmable tailstock mechanism (9); The static pressure guide rail mechanism (5) comprises a saddle upper body (501), a saddle lower body (502), a circular guide rail (503), a guide rail mounting seat (504), a sleeve (505), an oil injection hole (506), and a copper sleeve (507); the left and right ends of the top of the bed (1) are respectively provided with guide rail mounting seats (504); the two ends of the circular guide rail (503) are respectively fixedly connected to the guide rail mounting seats (504); the circular guide rail (503) is sleeved with a sleeve (505) in a sliding connection; the sleeve (505) is provided with an oil injection hole (506); and the outer wall of the sleeve (505) is provided with a saddle upper body (501) and a saddle lower body (502); The saddle upper body (501) is provided with a vertical drive mechanism (4), a drive motor (6) is installed on the vertical drive mechanism (4), and the output end of the drive motor (6) forms a connection structure with the second tool (7).

2. The ultra-high precision hard turning machine tool for cylindrical hydrostatic guide rails according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two copper sleeves (507) are arranged in the sleeve (505), and the copper sleeves (507) are respectively sleeved on the left and right ends of the circular guide rail (503), and an oil storage area is formed between the two copper sleeves (507), and the oil injection hole (506) is arranged corresponding to the oil storage area.

3. The ultra-high precision hard turning machine tool for cylindrical hydrostatic guide rails according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inclination angle of the saddle upper body (501) is 40-45°.

4. The ultra-high precision hard turning machine tool for cylindrical hydrostatic guide rails according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the bed (1) is provided with a slope surface with an angle of 40-45 degrees, and the headstock mechanism (2) is installed on the slope surface of the bed (1).

5. The ultra-high precision hard turning machine tool for cylindrical hydrostatic guide rails according to claim 1, characterized in that: The saddle lower body (502) is a semicircular tube structure, and a semicircular tube corresponding to the saddle lower body (502) is provided on the back side of the saddle upper body (501). The saddle lower body (502) and the saddle upper body (501) form a fixed connection structure through bolts.

6. The ultra-high precision hard turning machine tool for cylindrical hydrostatic guide rails according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical drive mechanism (4) comprises a No. 2 servo motor (401), a No. 2 screw rod (402), a No. 2 shaft seat (403), two No. 4 guide rails (404), and a mounting platform (405). The No. 2 servo motor (401), the No. 2 shaft seat (403), and the No. 4 guide rails (404) are mounted on the front body of the saddle upper body (501). The No. 2 servo motor (401) is connected to the No. 2 screw rod (402) at the output end. The No. 2 screw rod (402) is rotatably connected to the No. 2 shaft seat (403) at the other end. The No. 2 screw rod (402) is provided with a threaded mounting platform (405). The left and right ends of the mounting platform (405) are respectively slidably connected to the No. 4 guide rails (404). The drive motor (6) is mounted on the mounting platform (405). The saddle upper body (501) is mounted with a protective housing (406) for protecting the vertical drive mechanism (4).

7. The ultra-high precision hard turning machine tool for cylindrical hydrostatic guide rails according to claim 1, characterized in that: The horizontal driving mechanism (3) comprises a No. 1 servo motor (301), a No. 1 screw rod (302), a No. 1 shaft seat (303), a No. 2 guide rail (304), and a No. 3 guide rail (305). The bed body (1) is equipped with a No. 1 servo motor (301), a No. 1 shaft seat (303), a No. 2 guide rail (304), and a No. 3 guide rail (305). The output end of the No. 1 servo motor (301) is connected to the No. 1 screw rod (302), and the other end of the No. 1 screw rod (302) is connected to the rotating rod of the No. 1 shaft seat (303). The No. 1 screw rod (302) is provided with a threaded saddle upper body (501), and the saddle upper body (501) is slidably connected to the No. 2 guide rail (304). The No. 2 connecting plate (8) is fixedly connected to the No. 3 guide rail (305).

8. The ultra-high precision hard turning machine tool for cylindrical hydrostatic guide rails according to claim 1, characterized in that: The headstock mechanism (2) comprises a machine tool spindle box (201) and a three-jaw chuck (202); the machine tool spindle box (201) is fixedly mounted on the bed (1); the three-jaw chuck (202) is connected to the machine tool spindle box (201); and the machine tool spindle box (201) drives the three-jaw chuck (202) to rotate.

9. The ultra-high precision hard turning machine tool for cylindrical hydrostatic guide rails according to claim 1, characterized in that: The programmable tailstock mechanism (9) comprises a tailstock (901), a bearing support (902), a hydraulic telescopic rod (903), a No. 1 connecting plate (904), and a No. 1 guide rail (905). The left end of the hydraulic telescopic rod (903) is hinged to the bed (1). The bed (1) is provided with two No. 1 guide rails (905), and the two No. 1 guide rails (905) are respectively located at the front and rear sides of the hydraulic telescopic rod (903). The tailstock (901) is interactively connected with the No. 1 guide rail (905). The tailstock (901) is provided with a fixed mounting seat (906), and a rotatably connected bearing support (902) is provided in the mounting seat (906). The right side of the tailstock (901) is provided with a fixed No. 1 connecting plate (904), and the right end of the hydraulic telescopic rod (903) is hinged to the No. 1 connecting plate (904).

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