Thrust washer with lubricant pockets for dispensing fluids

Abstract

The invention relates to a thrust washer for dispensing a fluid, the thrust washer having a central bore extending parallel to an axis of rotation of the thrust washer for pushing the thrust washer onto a journal or a shaft, the thrust washer having a first thrust surface and a second thrust surface, the first thrust surface and the second thrust surface are arranged substantially parallel to each other, the first thrust surface having a first lubricant lattice in the form of a recess in the first thrust surface and / or the second thrust surface having a second lubricant lattice in the form of a recess in the second thrust surface, the first lubricant compartment or the second lubricant compartment is fluidically connected to the respective other thrust surface or the respective first lubricant compartment or the second lubricant compartment by means of a channel, in particular the channel axially penetrates the thrust washer substantially parallel to the rotational axis, and the first lubricant compartment or the second lubricant compartment is fluidically connected to the respective other thrust surface or the respective first lubricant compartment or the second lubricant compartment. Wherein the first lubricant compartment and / or the second lubricant compartment each tapering outward in the radial direction with respect to the axis of rotation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a thrust washer for distributing fluids having a central hole for being pushed onto a journal or a shaft, and to a planetary gear transmission. Background Art

[0002] Thrust washers are used in particular in motor vehicles. For example, they are used in engines and in the vehicle's drivetrain, and are preferably used in planetary transmissions. Here, the thrust washers are arranged between the planetary gears and the planetary carrier on the planetary journals. The use of thrust washers between the planetary carrier and the planetary gears can advantageously reduce wear. The increased pressure on the thrust washers generates a vertical force, which is transmitted to the corresponding components via the lubricant, thus separating the friction pairs. Over its service life, the planetary carrier often fails to harden due to continued wear and is at risk of failure. Thrust washers therefore have a particularly positive impact on the service life of this type of planetary transmission.

[0003] Similarly, thrust washers are used in positions in engines or other positions in transmissions. In addition, thrust washers can be used in other transmission forms or motors to reduce wear between rotating parts in a similar manner.

[0004] Thrust washers are known in the prior art. DE 10 2013 104 129 B3 describes a thrust washer for push-on application onto a journal or shaft. The thrust washer has at least one lubricant panel on each of its two flat thrust surfaces. Each lubricant panel on each thrust surface has a corresponding lubricant panel on the other thrust surface, and the panels are connected by a channel extending axially through the thrust washer. This allows lubricant collected in the lubricant panel to be transferred to the other side of the thrust washer. The lubricant panel has a triangular shape, with one of the triangle's tips pointing radially inward. Furthermore, a supply channel runs through this radially inward-pointing tip, which delivers lubricant to the lubricant panel. As the thrust washer rotates, lubricant is pressed into the lubricant panel by centrifugal force. The triangular lubricant panel widens radially outward, resulting in relatively low pressure within the panel. On the other hand, the lubricant transported outward by the rotation creates a negative pressure on the thrust washer, pulling it toward the next component to be lubricated. In new drive systems (such as electric motors), due to the existing contours and increased centrifugal forces, lubricant can be transported outward more quickly through the outwardly open shape, and the resulting lifting effect is no longer optimal. Furthermore, in new drive systems, the separation of the thrust washer from the counterbody can be impaired due to changes in the lubricant (e.g., reduced viscosity). Furthermore, the goal is to make the thrust washer as flat and compact as possible, as installation space in vehicle drivetrains and engines is very limited. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Against this background, the object is to provide a thrust washer of the type mentioned at the outset which reduces the risk of wear of the mechanical components between which the thrust washer is arranged in a space-saving manner.

[0006] This object is achieved by a thrust washer for distributing a fluid, the thrust washer having a central hole, which extends parallel to the rotation axis of the thrust washer for pushing the thrust washer onto a journal or a shaft, the thrust washer having a first thrust surface and a second thrust surface, in particular, the first thrust surface and the second thrust surface are arranged substantially parallel to each other, the first thrust surface having a first lubricant grid in the form of a recess in the first thrust surface, and / or the second thrust surface having a second lubricant grid in the form of a recess in the second thrust surface, the first lubricant grid or the second lubricant grid being optionally fluidically connected to the corresponding other thrust surface or the corresponding first lubricant grid or the second lubricant grid by means of a channel, in particular, the channel axially passes through the thrust washer substantially parallel to the rotation axis, the first lubricant grid and / or the second lubricant grid both gradually narrowing radially outward relative to the rotation axis.

[0007] An advantageous feature of the thrust washer according to the present invention is that the first and / or second lubricant compartments taper radially outward relative to the axis of rotation, generating higher pressure in the lubricant. Due to centrifugal force, the rotational motion presses fluid, particularly lubricant, into the thrust washer's lubricant compartment. The gradual narrowing of the lubricant compartment reduces its cross-sectional area. This reduced cross-sectional area increases the pressure in the lubricant compartment compared to the prior art. In particular, the increased pressure in the lubricant compartment can offset the negative pressure generated on the thrust washer by the fluid discharging. It is conceivable that this allows the thrust washer to achieve force equilibrium more quickly and is not pulled closer to one of the components to be lubricated. The increased pressure in the lubricant compartment is achieved, in particular, by virtue of the fact that the thrust washer can be positioned close to the component to be lubricated, potentially creating an intermediate space due to the lubricant compartment's contact with the component's bearing. Furthermore, lubricant moves from the lubricant compartment to the corresponding thrust surface, and the resulting lubricant film lubricates the component to be lubricated.

[0008] According to the invention, a thrust washer is used to distribute a fluid, in particular a lubricant. The thrust washer can have a main extension plane, preferably of thin-walled construction. Furthermore, the thrust washer can have a circular cross-sectional area. According to the invention, the thrust washer has a first thrust surface and a second thrust surface, which are preferably arranged in a substantially flat manner, particularly preferably arranged parallel to the main extension plane. The thrust washer can be arranged between two components to be lubricated, in particular, these components are arranged parallel to each other. Therefore, it is advantageous if the first thrust surface and the second thrust surface are arranged substantially parallel to each other. Furthermore, the components to be lubricated are typically connected via a journal, axle or shaft. In order to arrange the thrust washer, for example, between the components to be lubricated, according to the invention, the thrust washer has a central bore extending parallel to the axis of rotation of the thrust washer for being pushed onto the axle, journal or shaft. Here, the axis of rotation can be primarily defined by the axle, journal or shaft.

[0009] Furthermore, the first thrust surface may have a first lubricant pattern, and the second thrust surface may have a second lubricant pattern.

[0010] In the context of this application, a lubricant compartment is understood to be a recess in the corresponding thrust surface. For example, the first lubricant compartment can be configured as a recess in the first thrust surface. This applies similarly to the second lubricant compartment. The first and / or second lubricant compartments are preferably fluidically connected to the corresponding lubricant compartment or thrust surface via a channel. Specifically, the channel extends axially through the thrust washer substantially parallel to the axis of rotation. This channel enables the exchange of lubricant between the first and second lubricant compartments, or between the lubricant compartments and the corresponding thrust surface. The channel can extend axially through the thrust washer substantially parallel to the axis of rotation, or it can extend at an angle relative to the axis of rotation. Thus, lubricant can ensure lubrication of both the first and second thrust surfaces, allowing the most proximal component to be lubricated on the first thrust surface and the next component to be lubricated on the second thrust surface. Alternatively, there may be no fluid connection or channel between the first and second thrust surfaces. Advantageously, the thrust surfaces can be unlubricated to generate different friction torques. Depending on the application, only adjacent components can be separated from the thrust washer by lubricant placed on the respective thrust surfaces with lubricant compartments. It is conceivable that if one thrust surface requires more lubricant, the connecting channel could be oriented to favor lubricant flow in one direction. Thus, for example, the channel could extend from the first thrust surface toward the second thrust surface within an angular range of between 0° and 10° relative to the rotation axis. Thus, during operation, lubricant transport in the direction of the second thrust surface is enhanced through the channel. Centrifugal force can compress lubricant along the channel in the direction of the second thrust surface. A similar approach applies to the second thrust surface, with the channel extending from the second thrust surface toward the first thrust surface within an angular range of between 0° and 10° relative to the rotation axis. It is conceivable that only the first lubricant compartment, the second lubricant compartment, or both, could taper radially outward relative to the rotation axis. This is particularly advantageous if tension generated by negative pressure is compensated only on one side of the thrust washer. Only one thrust surface preferably has a lubricant grid, in particular this lubricant grid is preferably in fluid connection with the respective other thrust surface via the aforementioned channels.

[0011] According to an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the first thrust surface has a plurality of first lubricant compartments, and / or the second thrust surface has a plurality of second lubricant compartments. In particular, the first and second lubricant compartments are arranged in a corresponding manner relative to one another, with the first and / or second lubricant compartments of the respective first or second thrust surface being spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction. A first lubricant compartment on the first thrust surface can have a corresponding second lubricant compartment on the second thrust surface. "Corresponding" can be understood as meaning that the two lubricant compartments are structurally identical and / or arranged at the same position circumferentially on the respective thrust surfaces. Consequently, the fluid connection via the channel can be configured to be as short as possible. Furthermore, producing a hole that is substantially perpendicular to the first or second thrust surface is relatively simple, particularly in terms of manufacturing technology. The thrust washer preferably has a plurality of first lubricant compartments and / or a plurality of second lubricant compartments. In particular, for each first lubricant compartment, there is preferably a corresponding second lubricant compartment. Further preferably, only the first thrust surface may have multiple first lubricant compartments, or only the second thrust surface may have multiple second lubricant compartments, while the other thrust surface may have no first or second lubricant compartments. Thus, a thrust washer may have lubricant compartments on only one thrust surface. As the number of lubricant compartments on the respective thrust surface increases, the balance of forces between the tensile force generated by the negative pressure in the direction of one of the contacting bearing components and the counterpressure generated by the lubricant can advantageously occur more quickly. Therefore, it is conceivable that the first thrust surface has two to eight first lubricant compartments, and the second thrust surface has two to eight second lubricant compartments. In particular, to avoid uneven forces on the thrust washer, the first and / or second lubricant compartments are preferably spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction, in particular, as far apart as possible. It is conceivable that, in the case of a circular thrust washer, the possible angular range (here, for example, 360°) is divided by the number of lubricant compartments on the respective thrust surface. In the case of two first lubricant patches, the lubricant patches are preferably arranged at an angle of 180° relative to one another in the circumferential direction.

[0012] According to another alternative refinement of the present invention, the first thrust surface and / or the second thrust surface further comprises at least one additional lubricant compartment in addition to the first and / or second lubricant compartments. The first thrust surface and / or the second thrust surface may comprise additional lubricant compartments in addition to the first and / or second lubricant compartments. However, these additional lubricant compartments do not necessarily have corresponding additional lubricant compartments on the respective other thrust surface. Furthermore, the additional lubricant compartments preferably do not have any channels extending axially through the thrust washer substantially parallel to the axis of rotation. The additional lubricant compartments are preferably arranged circumferentially between the first and / or second lubricant compartments on the first and / or second thrust surfaces. The additional lubricant compartments may taper radially outward relative to the axis of rotation, thereby producing the same effect as the first and second lubricant compartments. The additional lubricant compartments preferably have no fluid connection to the respective other thrust surface; this allows pressure to build up in the lubricant within the additional lubricant compartments without allowing the lubricant to flow to the respective other thrust surface. It is conceivable that lubricant flowing toward the corresponding other thrust surface creates a slight pressure drop; this slight pressure drop is then avoided at the additional lubricant compartment. Furthermore, it is conceivable that one thrust surface has at least one corresponding lubricant compartment, while the corresponding other thrust surface has only one or more additional lubricant compartments. Here, the corresponding lubricant compartment on one side can be connected to the other thrust surface via a channel, while the other thrust surface has one or more additional lubricant compartments that are not fluidically connected to the thrust surface. It is conceivable, for example, that a first thrust surface has one or more first lubricant compartments that are fluidically connected to a second thrust surface or a corresponding second lubricant compartment. In this example, the first lubricant compartment is fluidically connected to the second thrust surface, while the second thrust surface can have one or more additional lubricant compartments without a second lubricant compartment. These additional lubricant compartments are not directly fluidically connected to the first thrust surface.

[0013] In an alternative refinement of the present invention, the total number of lubricant compartments on the first thrust surface and the total number of lubricant compartments on the second thrust surface are different. The total number of lubricant compartments can be determined based on the number of first lubricant compartments and the number of additional lubricant compartments on the first thrust surface. The same applies to the total number of lubricant compartments on the second thrust surface. Thus, for example, the first thrust surface can have more lubricant compartments than the second thrust surface, and it is entirely conceivable that the second thrust surface does not have any second or additional lubricant compartments. This allows for controlled tension, for example, due to negative pressure on one of the thrust surfaces. In the case of different numbers of lubricant compartments, it is conceivable that the thrust surface with the fewer lubricant compartments will tend to be pulled toward the nearest component.

[0014] According to a further development of the present invention, the first and / or second lubricant compartments extend all the way to the inner wall formed by the central bore. The thrust washer preferably has an annular cross-section in its main extension plane, and according to the present invention, a central bore is provided for being pushed onto a journal or shaft. The thrust washer may have an inner end side and an outer end side, which are arranged substantially perpendicularly relative to the first and second thrust surfaces. The cylindrical inner wall formed by the central bore can be considered the inner end side. The central bore can have a substantially circular cross-sectional area. The first and / or second lubricant compartments and / or the further lubricant compartments preferably extend radially outward from the inner wall. Furthermore, it is considered preferable that the lubricant compartments have an inlet region, through which lubricant flows into the lubricant compartments, arranged at an edge facing the inner wall and following the curvature of the inner wall over the entire width of the inlet region. This has a particularly positive effect on the flow of lubricant into the respective lubricant compartments. A wider inlet that follows the curvature of the inner wall allows more lubricant to flow into the lubricant compartments.

[0015] In a further development of the present invention, the first lubricant compartment and / or the second lubricant compartment and / or the further lubricant compartment are fluidically connected to the inner wall via a supply channel in the form of a recess. Depending on the application, the supply channel can be made wider or narrower. This allows the lubricant to flow into the respective lubricant compartment in a controlled manner, as appropriate for the respective application.

[0016] According to another alternative refinement of the present invention, the first lubricant compartment and / or the second lubricant compartment and / or the further lubricant compartments have recessed areas, with the recessed areas of the respective lubricant compartments being arranged on the inner wall, preferably centrally located on the respective lubricant compartment. The recessed areas can be cutouts in the inner wall of the thrust washer, particularly centrally located on the respective lubricant compartment. The recessed areas preferably extend from the first thrust surface all the way to the second thrust surface. This advantageously allows lubricant to flow between the first and second thrust surfaces, in addition to, for example, axial channels. Furthermore, the recessed areas can collect lubricant, and this accumulation of lubricant can be introduced directly beneath the respective lubricant compartment, just as if it were introduced directly into the lubricant compartment. In this way, localized lubricant accumulation advantageously occurs in the recessed areas.

[0017] According to an alternative refinement of the present invention, the first and / or second thrust surfaces have at least one drain channel, the first and second drain channels being arranged in the form of a recess in the respective first or second thrust surface. The first drain channel extends radially outward from one of the first lubricant compartments to the radial end face of the thrust washer, and the second drain channel extends radially outward from one of the second lubricant compartments to the radial end face of the thrust washer. The drain channel can drain lubricant away from the respective thrust surface. This allows the thrust washer and components in contact with the bearing to be actively cooled, particularly in a rigid manner. Cooler lubricant can be supplied to the thrust washer, while heated coolant can be drained away through the drain channel. For this purpose, the drain channel preferably extends from the outer (radial) edge of the lubricant compartment to the outer end face. The cross-sectional area of ​​the drain channel recess can be designed in a manner that depends on the application; a larger cross-section results in a better cooling effect. However, the pressure that cannot be generated due to the overflowing lubricant and the assumed lubricant consumption that is not directly used to form a lubricant film on the first thrust surface and / or the second thrust surface have adverse effects.

[0018] According to another alternative development of the present invention, the recesses of the first lubricant compartment and / or the second lubricant compartment and / or the further lubricant compartment are triangular or trapezoidal in shape. The recesses of the respective lubricant compartments are preferably produced by stamping, grinding, or milling. The thrust washer is preferably made of metal; in the case of relatively soft metals, it is conceivable to form the recesses in the respective thrust surfaces by pressing. Furthermore, the respective recesses may have a triangular or trapezoidal cross-sectional area. These shapes are particularly suitable for achieving the tapering of the recesses according to the present invention. Alternatively, it is conceivable that the recesses have a rhombus-shaped cross-sectional area, wherein according to the present invention, an initial widening of the cross-sectional area is followed by a gradual narrowing. This initial widening of the cross-sectional area has a particularly positive effect on the amount of lubricant to be received. Furthermore, the edges of the recesses are preferably substantially straight. However, it is also conceivable that the edges of the respective lubricant compartment recesses are curved. The edges may initially curve toward the center of the respective lubricant compartment or may curve outward in the circumferential direction. The inward curvature results in an increasingly gradual narrowing of the recesses and may further increase the hydrodynamic pressure generated by the lubricant during operation. The outward curvature may result in more lubricant being collected in the corresponding lubricant compartment, but this may negatively impact the pressure generated by the lubricant.

[0019] According to an alternative refinement of the present invention, the first and / or second lubricant panels each have a center surface and at least one transition surface. The center surface extends substantially parallel to the corresponding thrust surface, and the transition surface extends outward in the circumferential direction toward the corresponding thrust surface, the transition surface being particularly arranged at an angle relative to the center surface. The center surface is preferably centrally located between the two transition surfaces. Furthermore, it is contemplated that, radially outward, the first and second lubricant panels also have transition surfaces arranged at an angle relative to the center surface and extending toward the corresponding thrust surface. The respective transition surfaces advantageously influence the pressure generated by the lubricant, representing a further reduction in cross-section. Furthermore, the transition surfaces allow for a smooth transition of the lubricant to the corresponding thrust surface, thereby forming a more uniform lubricant film. It is contemplated that only one transition surface is arranged circumferentially at the trailing edge relative to the direction of rotation. The combination of the direction of rotation and the transition surfaces allows for a smooth lubricant transfer.

[0020] In an alternative development of the present invention, the first lubricant panel and / or the second lubricant panel and / or the further lubricant panel have two transition surfaces, which extend from the center of the lubricant panel in opposite directions in the circumferential direction toward the respective thrust surface. In particular, the transition surfaces are preferably arranged at an angle relative to the respective thrust surface.

[0021] According to an alternative development of the invention, the thrust washer has a curved or arched or spherical configuration. In the context of the present invention, spherical is understood to mean a portion of a sphere, the thrust washer preferably comprising an area of ​​less than 50%, particularly preferably less than 40%, of the sphere. The thrust washer can have a radius of curvature that is particularly suitable for the respective application. Specific applications include, for example, drive technology, in particular, ball bearings, axle drives, or differentials. Thrust washers of this type are preferably used as ball retaining rings.

[0022] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the first thrust surface and the second thrust surface have a substantially flat configuration. This can be advantageous, in particular, if the thrust washer is arranged between two substantially parallel components, as the thrust washer should have a flat configuration in order to ensure lubrication in the best possible manner.

[0023] Another subject matter of the invention is a planetary transmission having at least one thrust washer according to one of the aforementioned embodiments, which is arranged between the planet carrier and the planet gears.

[0024] The above-mentioned improvements, advantages or technical effects of the first lubricant compartment and the second lubricant compartment may also be applied to the other lubricant compartment.

[0025] The thrust washer according to the present invention and the aforementioned improvements are preferably used for lubricating rotating components in confined spaces. A particularly advantageous field of application is in automotive technology, including electrification. In particular, the thrust washer is preferably used in drive trains.

[0026] Further details and advantages of the invention shall be explained below on the basis of exemplary embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, in which: BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 A first exemplary embodiment of a first thrust surface of a thrust washer according to the invention is shown in front view,

[0028] Figure 2 The thrust washer according to the present invention is shown in a front view. Figure 1 A first exemplary embodiment of a second thrust surface of

[0029] Figure 3a Shown through Figure 1 and Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of a first lubricant compartment and a second lubricant compartment of a first exemplary embodiment,

[0030] Figure 3b Shown through Figure 1 and Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of the additional lubricant compartment of the first thrust surface and the additional lubricant compartment of the second thrust surface of a first exemplary embodiment of a thrust washer is shown,

[0031] Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a planetary gear transmission with a thrust washer is shown, and

[0032] Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of a second exemplary embodiment of a thrust washer according to the present invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] Figure 1 A first exemplary embodiment of a first thrust surface 10 of a thrust washer 1 according to the present invention is shown. Thrust washer 1 is primarily used to distribute a fluid, which can be a lubricant in particular. Thrust washer 1 can be installed next to a rotating component or between multiple rotating components, advantageously lubricating the components.

[0034] To this end, the thrust washer 1 of the first exemplary embodiment has a first substantially flat thrust surface 10. Furthermore, the thrust washer 1 of the first exemplary embodiment has a second substantially flat thrust surface 20, which is arranged substantially parallel to the first thrust surface 10. The second thrust surface 20 is arranged at Figure 2 Shown in.

[0035] To be used, in particular, in the drive train of a vehicle, preferably an automobile, thrust washer 1 has a central bore 2. According to the present invention, central bore 2 extends parallel to the axis of rotation of thrust washer 1. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the center point of central bore 2 lies on the axis of rotation of thrust washer 1. Through central bore 2, thrust washer 1 can be pushed onto the axle, shaft, or journal of the respective application. The thrust washer 1 can be positioned via the axle, shaft, or journal with its thrust surface 10 on or near the component to be lubricated. The first thrust surface 10 has a first lubricant compartment 11 in the form of a depression. In practical applications, first lubricant compartment 11 can be filled with lubricant by the rotation of thrust washer 1. The rotation and the resulting centrifugal force displace the lubricant outward. Lubricant can collect in first lubricant compartment 11, where the centrifugal force, combined with the lubricant, generates a hydrodynamic pressure. First, this acts as a cushion between the thrust washer 1 and the component to be lubricated. Second, the forces present can force lubricant through the channels 3 arranged in the first lubricant compartment 11. Furthermore, lubricant is transferred via the first lubricant compartment 11 to the first thrust surface 10, thereby contributing to the formation of a lubricant film. Channel 3 is arranged substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of the thrust washer 1 and extends axially through the thrust washer 1. Furthermore, channel 3 forms a fluid connection between the first thrust surface 10 and the second thrust surface 20. Alternatively, channel 3 can extend through the thrust washer 1 at an angle relative to the axis of rotation. Alternatively, thrust surfaces 10, 20 can be designed without channel 3, resulting in no fluid connection between the respective thrust surfaces 10, 20 through the thrust washer 1. This allows for different friction torques to be generated on the respective thrust surfaces 10, 20 by varying the number of lubricant compartments 11, 21 on one thrust surface 10, 20 from the number of lubricant compartments 11, 21 on the other thrust surface 10, 20. Here, it is conceivable that one thrust surface 10 , 20 does not have any lubricant pattern 11 , 21 , with the result that the thrust surface 10 , 20 is substantially fixed to the adjacent object due to the increased frictional resistance.

[0036] The centrifugal force generated by the rotational motion of the thrust washer 1 can expel lubricant from the area of ​​the central bore 2 and force it into the first lubricant panel 11. Here, in particular, negative pressure is generated by the discharging lubricant. This negative pressure pulls the thrust washer 1 toward the adjacent component to be lubricated, or toward one of two adjacent components to be lubricated. If the pressure generated by the lubricant in the lubricant panels 11, 21 cannot counteract this effect, it can lead to further wear. According to the present invention, the first lubricant panel 11 and / or the second lubricant panel 21 tapers radially outward relative to the axis of rotation. In the first exemplary embodiment, the first and second lubricant panels 11, 21 taper outward. This change in cross-section advantageously compresses the lubricant discharging to a greater extent and generates a hydrodynamic pressure that counteracts the negative pressure. To this end, the first lubricant panel 11 or the additional lubricant panel 4 preferably has a triangular or trapezoidal cross-section.

[0037] In the present first exemplary embodiment, the first lubricant panel 11 has a center surface 5 and two transition surfaces 6. The center surface is arranged substantially parallel to the corresponding thrust surface (here, the first thrust surface 10). Alternatively, it is conceivable that the center surface 5 bulges radially outward; this can, in particular, ensure that the pressure of the lubricant is further increased. The lubricant panels 11, 4 can have a center surface 4 whose depth decreases radially outward. Here, the depth can be the distance between the center surface 4 and the horizontal plane of the first thrust surface 10. Furthermore, the transition surfaces 6 preferably extend outward in the circumferential direction toward the corresponding thrust surface (here, the first thrust surface 10). This ensures a particularly smooth transfer of lubricant to the first thrust surface 10. The arrangement of two transition surfaces 6 allows for a smooth transition regardless of the direction of rotation of the thrust washer 1. If the thrust washer 1 rotates only in one direction, it is conceivable that the edge located circumferentially outward and at the rear in the direction of rotation has only one transition surface 6.

[0038] from Figure 1 As can be clearly seen in FIG, the first thrust surface 10 has a plurality of first lubricant grids 11. It is conceivable that the first thrust surface 10 has two to eight first lubricant grids 11. In the present exemplary embodiment, the first thrust surface 10 has three first lubricant grids 11, which are spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction. The first lubricant grids 11 are preferably spaced apart from each other to the greatest extent possible. Figure 1In the embodiment, the first lubricant patches 11 are spaced apart from each other at an angle of 120°. The additional lubricant patches 4 are arranged centrally between the first lubricant patches 11 in the circumferential direction. The additional lubricant patches 4 also have an intermediate surface 5 and two transition surfaces 6. If the first thrust surface 10 includes the first lubricant patches 11 and the additional lubricant patches 4, the total angle is preferably divided by the total number of lubricant patches to determine the corresponding angular spacing between them. In particular, it is preferred that the first lubricant patches 11 are arranged alternating with the additional lubricant patches 4. Thus, the additional lubricant patches 4 are arranged next to the first lubricant patches 11, which in turn are arranged behind the additional lubricant patches 4.

[0039] The lubricant patterns 11 , 4 on the first thrust surface 10 are advantageously arranged evenly in order to provide a lubricant film that is as even as possible on the first thrust surface 10 .

[0040] also, Figure 1 The first lubricant grid 11 and the further lubricant grid 4 are shown extending all the way to the inner wall formed by the central bore 2. Furthermore, each lubricant grid 11, 4 has a recessed area 7 on the inner wall of the central bore 2. In this example, this recessed area is centrally located relative to the respective lubricant grid 11, 4. The recessed area 7 can be a cutout that collects lubricant in the inlet area of ​​the lubricant grid 11, 4. The thrust washer 1 can be pushed onto an axle, shaft, or journal, which rests proportionally against the inner wall of the thrust washer 1. The recessed area 7 preferably does not directly rest against the axle, shaft, or journal; in this way, the lubricant advantageously collects there.

[0041] exist Figure 1 In the embodiment, the first lubricant grid 11 and the further lubricant grid 4 do not extend all the way to the outer (in the radial direction) end side of the thrust washer 1. If the recesses of the respective lubricant grids extended all the way to the outer end side of the thrust washer 1, no hydrodynamic pressure would be generated. However, it is conceivable that one or more of the first lubricant grids 11 and / or the further lubricant grids 4 have drainage channels in the form of recesses, with a first drainage channel extending radially outward from one of the first lubricant grids 11 all the way to the radial end side of the thrust washer 1. Another drainage channel could extend radially outward from one of the further lubricant grids 4 all the way to the radial end side of the thrust washer 1. This would allow lubricant to be exchanged and, in particular, cooling of the contacting components and the thrust washer 1.

[0042] Figure 2 Shown Figure 1The rear side of the first exemplary embodiment of a thrust washer 1 is shown here. The second thrust surface 20 is shown here with three second lubricant compartments 21 and three additional lubricant compartments 4. Specifically, the second lubricant compartments 21 correspond to the first lubricant compartments 11, which are fluidically connected via channels 3. Alternatively, a fluid connection between the first and second thrust surfaces 10, 20 is not necessary. Lubricant can be transferred via channels 3, for example, from the first lubricant compartments 11 to the corresponding second lubricant compartments 21. In this exemplary embodiment, the additional lubricant compartments 4 are arranged on the second thrust surface 20 in a manner corresponding to the additional lubricant compartments 4 of the first thrust surface 10. However, this is not absolutely necessary. Therefore, it is conceivable that the total number of lubricant compartments 11, 21, 4 on the respective thrust surfaces 10, 20 may vary. It is also conceivable that the first thrust surface 10 has multiple additional lubricant compartments 4, while the second thrust surface 20 has no or few additional lubricant compartments 4.

[0043] As an alternative, it should be noted that the first thrust surface 10 or the second thrust surface 20 does not necessarily have to have a lubricant grid 11, 21, 4. Therefore, in the first exemplary embodiment it is conceivable that the first thrust surface 10 looks like Figure 1 As shown, the second thrust surface 20 does not have any second lubricant grid 21. However, a further fluid connection can be established between the first lubricant grid 11 and the second thrust surface 20 via the channel 3, or alternatively, there can be no fluid connection between the respective thrust surfaces 10, 20. If the second thrust surface 20 looks like Figure 2 As shown, the same applies to the first thrust surface 10. This enables a one-sided lubricant grid arrangement, which can, for example, reduce production costs. Depending on the application, a one-sided lubricant grid arrangement may be sufficient. The thrust washer 1 can advantageously be made of tempered steel, nitrided carburized steel, or bronze. Other materials are of course also possible.

[0044] exist Figure 2 In the case of the second thrust surface 20, it is possible to realize the combination of Figure 1 The same advantages, technical effects and exemplary embodiments as explained for the first thrust surface 10 of FIG.

[0045] Figure 3a and Figure 3b Each shows a first exemplary embodiment of a thrust washer 1 (e.g. Figure 1 and Figure 2 From Figure 3a As can be seen from FIG, the first lubricant grid 11 is connected to the second lubricant grid 21 via the channel 3. Figure 3bIt can be clearly seen that the further lubricant panels 4 of the respective first and second thrust surfaces 10 , 20 are not fluidically connected via a channel.

[0046] Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of a planetary transmission with a thrust washer 1 is depicted. The planetary transmission has a planetary carrier 30, planetary journals 31, a pin row 32, and planetary gears 33. The thrust washer 1 is arranged on the planetary journals 31, on one side between the end of the pin row 32 and the planetary gears 33, and on the other side between the end of the pin row and the planetary carrier 30. Lubricant channels 34 and further lubricant channels 35 are arranged in the planetary journals, via which lubricant can be supplied to the pin row 32. From the pin row, the lubricant enters the recessed area 7 of the thrust washer 1 and further into the lubricant compartments 11, 21, and 4 of the thrust washer 1.

[0047] Figure 5 A second exemplary embodiment of a thrust washer 1 according to the invention is shown. This second exemplary embodiment shows a thrust washer 1 that is curved, domed, or spherical. To this end, the thrust washer 1 has a radius of curvature that is preferably determined by the respective application. The second thrust surface 20 is curved toward the outside, while the first thrust surface 10 is arranged on the inside. Furthermore, the second exemplary embodiment shows a positioning element 12 in the form of a web, which enables precise positioning.

[0048] Here, it is also conceivable that only one or both thrust surfaces 10, 20 have a lubricant patch arrangement 11, 21. The second exemplary embodiment shows only the first lubricant patch 11 on the first thrust surface 10. In this exemplary embodiment, the second thrust surface 20 does not have any lubricant patch 21.

[0049] As an alternative, the second thrust surface 20 may have one or more lubricant panels 21 , while the first thrust surface 10 does not have any lubricant panels 11 .

[0050] The second exemplary embodiment of the thrust washer 1 is preferably used as a ball retaining ring.

[0051] exist Figure 5 In the case of the second exemplary embodiment, the same advantages, technical effects and exemplary embodiments as have been explained in conjunction with the first exemplary embodiment can be achieved unless excluded by the curved shape or the arched shape or the spherical shape.

[0052] In the following, possible embodiments of a thrust washer 1 according to the invention and of a planetary gear transmission according to the invention will be described.

[0053] Embodiment 1 relates to a thrust washer 1 for distributing fluid, the thrust washer 1 having a central hole 2, which extends parallel to the rotation axis of the thrust washer 1 for pushing the thrust washer 1 onto a journal or a shaft, the thrust washer 1 having a first substantially flat thrust surface 10 and a second substantially flat thrust surface 20, the first thrust surface 10 and the second thrust surface 20 being arranged substantially parallel to each other, the first thrust surface 10 having a first lubricant grid 11 in the form of a depression in the first thrust surface 10, the second thrust surface 20 having a second lubricant grid 21 in the form of a depression in the second thrust surface 20, the first lubricant grid 10 and the second lubricant grid 20 being fluidically connected to each other by a channel 3, the channel axially extending through the thrust washer 1 substantially parallel to the rotation axis, the first lubricant grid 10 and / or the second lubricant grid 20 both gradually narrowing outward in a radial direction relative to the rotation axis.

[0054] Embodiment 2 relates to the thrust washer 1 according to embodiment 1, wherein the first thrust surface 10 has a plurality of first lubricant grids 11, and the second thrust surface 20 has a plurality of second lubricant grids 21 corresponding to the first lubricant grids 11, and the first lubricant grids 11 of the corresponding first thrust surface 10 or the second lubricant grids 21 of the second thrust surface 20 are spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction.

[0055] Embodiment 3 relates to the thrust washer 1 according to embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the first thrust surface 10 and / or the second thrust surface 20 has at least one further lubricant patch 4 in addition to the first lubricant patch 11 and the second lubricant patch 21 .

[0056] Embodiment 4 relates to a thrust washer 1 according to one of embodiments 1 to 3, the first lubricant grid 11 and the second lubricant grid 21 extending up to the inner wall formed by the central hole 2 .

[0057] Example 5 relates to the thrust washer 1 according to Example 3, wherein the first lubricant grid 11 and / or the second lubricant grid 21 and / or the further lubricant grid 4 have a recessed area 7, and the recessed areas 7 of the respective lubricant grids 11, 21, 4 are arranged on the inner wall, and the recessed areas 7 are preferably arranged centrally on the respective lubricant grids 11, 21, 4.

[0058] Embodiment 6 relates to a thrust washer 1 according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the first thrust surface 10 and / or the second thrust surface 20 has at least one discharge channel, and the first discharge channel and the second discharge channel are arranged in the form of a recess on the corresponding first thrust surface 10 or the second thrust surface 20, and the first discharge channel extends outward in the radial direction from one of the first lubricant grids 11 to the radial end side of the thrust washer 1, and the second discharge channel extends outward in the radial direction from one of the second lubricant grids 11 to the radial end side of the thrust washer 1.

[0059] Embodiment 7 relates to the thrust washer 1 according to one of embodiments 1 to 6, the depressions of the first lubricant panel 11 and / or the second lubricant panel 21 and / or the further lubricant panel 4 being triangular or trapezoidal.

[0060] Embodiment 8 relates to a thrust washer 1 according to one of embodiments 1 to 7, wherein the first lubricant grid 11 and the second lubricant grid 21 each have an intermediate surface 5 and at least one transition surface 6, the intermediate surface 5 extending substantially parallel to the respective thrust surface 10, 20, and the transition surface 6 extending outwardly in the circumferential direction to the respective thrust surface 10, 20, in particular, the transition surface 6 being arranged at a certain angle relative to the intermediate surface 5.

[0061] Embodiment 9 relates to a planetary gear transmission having at least one thrust washer 1 as described in embodiment 1, wherein the thrust washer 1 is arranged between the planet carrier 30 and the planet gears 33 .

[0062] Reference Signs List

[0063] 1 – Thrust washer

[0064] 2 – Center hole

[0065] 3 – Channel

[0066] 4 – Additional lubricant compartment

[0067] 5 – Middle Surface

[0068] 6 – Transition Surface

[0069] 7 – Recessed area

[0070] 10 – First thrust surface

[0071] 11 – First Lubricant Grid

[0072] 12 – Positioning components

[0073] 20 – Second thrust surface

[0074] 21 – Second lubricant compartment

[0075] 30–Planetary gear carrier

[0076] 31 – Planetary journal

[0077] 32-pin header

[0078] 33 – Planetary Gear

[0079] 34 – Lubricant channel

[0080] 35 – additional lubricant channel.

Claims

1. A thrust washer (1) for distributing a fluid, the thrust washer (1) having a central hole (2) extending parallel to the axis of rotation of the thrust washer (1) for pushing the thrust washer (1) onto a journal or a shaft, the thrust washer (1) having a first thrust surface (10) and a second thrust surface (20), in particular, the first thrust surface (10) and the second thrust surface (20) being arranged substantially parallel to each other, the first thrust surface (10) having a first lubricant grid (11) in the form of a depression in the first thrust surface (10), and / or the second thrust surface (20) having a first lubricant grid (11) in the form of a depression in the first thrust surface (10), and / or the second thrust surface (20) having a first lubricant grid (11) in the form of a depression in the first thrust surface (10). The thrust surface (20) has a second lubricant grid (21) in the form of a recess in the second thrust surface (20), and the first lubricant grid (11) or the second lubricant grid (21) is optionally fluidly connected to the corresponding other thrust surface (10, 20) or the corresponding first lubricant grid (11) or the second lubricant grid (21) by means of a channel (3), in particular, the channel axially penetrates the thrust washer substantially parallel to the rotation axis, wherein the first lubricant grid (11) and / or the second lubricant grid (21) are both gradually narrowed outwardly in a radial direction relative to the rotation axis.

2. The thrust washer (1) according to claim 1, wherein: The first thrust surface (10) has a plurality of first lubricant grids (11), and / or the second thrust surface (20) has a plurality of second lubricant grids (21), in particular, the first lubricant grids (11) and the second lubricant grids (21) are arranged in a corresponding manner relative to each other, and the first lubricant grids (11) and / or the second lubricant grids (21) of the corresponding first thrust surface (10) or second thrust surface (20) are spaced apart from each other in a circumferential direction.

3. A thrust washer (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: In addition to the first lubricant grid (11) and / or the second lubricant grid (21), the first thrust surface (10) and / or the second thrust surface (20) also has at least one further lubricant grid (4).

4. Thrust washer (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein: The first lubricant grid (11) and / or the second lubricant grid (21) extend all the way to the inner wall formed by the central hole (2).

5. The thrust washer (1) according to claim 3, wherein: The first lubricant grid (11) and / or the second lubricant grid (21) and / or the further lubricant grid (4) have a recessed area (7), the recessed area (7) of the respective lubricant grid (11, 21, 4) being arranged on the inner wall, the recessed area (7) being preferably arranged centrally on the respective lubricant grid (11, 21, 4).

6. Thrust washer (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein The first thrust surface (10) and / or the second thrust surface (20) has at least one discharge channel, and the first discharge channel and the second discharge channel are arranged in the form of a recess on the corresponding first thrust surface (10) or the second thrust surface (20), the first discharge channel starts from one of the first lubricant grids (11) and extends outward in the radial direction to the radial end side of the thrust washer (1), and the second discharge channel starts from one of the second lubricant grids (21) and extends outward in the radial direction to the radial end side of the thrust washer (1).

7. Thrust washer (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein The recess of the first lubricant grid (11) and / or the second lubricant grid (21) and / or the further lubricant grid (4) is triangular or trapezoidal.

8. Thrust washer (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein The first lubricant grid (11) and / or the second lubricant grid (21) each have an intermediate surface (5) and at least one transition surface (6), wherein the intermediate surface (5) extends substantially parallel to the corresponding thrust surface (10, 20), and the transition surface (6) extends outwardly toward the corresponding thrust surface (10, 20) in the circumferential direction, and in particular, the transition surface is arranged at an angle relative to the intermediate surface (5).

9. Thrust washer (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein The thrust washer (1) has a curved structure, an arched structure or a spherical structure.

10. A planetary gear transmission having at least one thrust washer (1) according to claim 1, the thrust washer (1) being arranged between a planet carrier (30) and a planet gear (33).

Images