Device for pyrolyzing, volatilizing, splitting, pyrolyzing and reforming organic solid waste

Abstract

The invention discloses a device for pyrolyzing, volatilizing, splitting, pyrolyzing and reforming organic solid waste, which at least comprises but is not limited to a tower top and a tower body connected with a tower top flange, a heating component extending into the tower body is arranged on the tower top, a gas inlet component is arranged on the tower body, and a gas outlet component is arranged on the gas inlet component. A plasma generator and a catalysis assembly are sequentially arranged in the tower body; a discharging assembly is further arranged at the bottom of the tower body; according to the scheme, the organic solid waste is pyrolyzed, volatilized and pyrolyzed through the successive action of the plasma and the catalyst and is reformed into the hydrogen-rich fuel gas, and further comprehensive utilization is facilitated. And meanwhile, the problems that tar is condensed and blocked in the conveying and utilizing process of pyrolysis volatile components and a large number of gas pollutants and fly ash are generated by direct incineration are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of organic solid waste treatment, and in particular to a device for pyrolysis, volatilization, splitting and reforming of organic solid waste. Background Art

[0002] There are many types of organic solid waste, including industrial waste, agricultural and forestry waste, automobile waste, domestic waste, oil sludge, etc.

[0003] The pyrolysis technology of organic solid waste refers to the process of thermally decomposing the organic components in solid waste into pyrolysis residues and pyrolysis volatiles through direct or indirect contact heating in an oxygen-free environment.

[0004] Pyrolysis technology has the advantages of reduction, harmlessness, good effect and low construction cost, and is suitable for distributed small and medium-scale solid waste disposal.

[0005] Pyrolysis volatiles contain a large amount of condensable gases, which will condense at low temperatures to form highly viscous tar, which is difficult to use. At present, pyrolysis volatiles are mostly disposed of by incineration at high temperatures. There is a lack of other high-quality conversion technologies, and the degree of resource utilization is low, which seriously restricts the large-scale application of pyrolysis technology.

[0006] At the same time, the main components of the pyrolysis volatiles of organic solid waste are large molecular alkanes, olefins, condensable tar vapor and polluting components. Direct incineration will produce a large amount of carbon dioxide, gaseous pollutants and fly ash. The cost of flue gas treatment is high and may also have a severe impact on the environment. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device for pyrolysis, volatilization, splitting and reforming of organic solid waste in view of the above-mentioned shortcomings, which solves the problem that most of the pyrolysis volatiles in the prior art are incinerated at high temperatures, lack other high-quality conversion technologies, and have a low degree of resource utilization, which seriously restricts the large-scale application of pyrolysis technology.

[0008] The present invention is achieved through the following scheme:

[0009] A device for pyrolysis, volatilization, splitting and reforming of organic solid waste, including at least but not limited to a tower top and a tower body connected to the tower top flange, wherein the tower top is provided with a heating component extending into the tower body, the tower body is provided with an air intake component, and the tower body is also provided with a plasma generator and a catalytic component in sequence; and the bottom of the tower body is also provided with a discharge component.

[0010] Based on the structure of the above-mentioned device for pyrolysis, volatilization, splitting and reforming of organic solid waste, the air intake assembly includes an air intake ring, an inlet pipe and a first bracket; the inlet pipe is connected to the air intake ring, and the first bracket is arranged along the circumferential position of the air intake ring.

[0011] Based on the structure of the above-mentioned device for pyrolysis, volatilization, splitting and reforming of organic solid waste, a gas outlet is arranged at the bottom of the intake ring, and the gas outlet is a plurality of unevenly arranged small holes. The small holes on the side close to the intake ring inlet pipe are sparse, and the small holes on the side away from the intake ring inlet pipe are denser.

[0012] Based on the structure of the above-mentioned device for pyrolysis, volatilization, splitting and reforming of organic solid waste, the heating component is a U-shaped heating tube fixed to the top of the tower, and the U-shaped heating tube is symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the tower body. The number of the U-shaped heating tubes is determined according to the pyrolysis volatilization flow rate and the heating gas temperature, and the number is at least four; the heating gas enters from a heating gas inlet far away from the central axis and is discharged from a heating gas outlet close to the central axis.

[0013] Based on the structure of the above-mentioned device for pyrolysis, volatilization, splitting and reforming of organic solid waste, the plasma generator includes a guide cover, a high-voltage electrode and an insulating medium. The electrode and the insulating medium are both cylindrical structures. The high-voltage electrode is coaxially nested on the outside of the insulating medium. The guide cover is arranged at the top position of the high-voltage electrode and the insulating medium. A grounding electrode is arranged in the guide cover.

[0014] Based on the structure of the above-mentioned device for pyrolysis, volatilization, splitting and reforming of organic solid waste, the grounding electrode is connected to the center position of the bottom of the guide cover through a bayonet or a thread; the guide cover as a whole is an insulator, and a plasma working gas channel is provided on the side of the guide cover; the top of the guide cover is provided with a certain curvature from the center to the surface edge; and a plurality of parallel guide holes are provided in the center of the guide cover.

[0015] Based on the structure of the above-mentioned device for pyrolysis, volatilization, splitting and reforming of organic solid waste, the plasma working gas is a combination of one or more of air, nitrogen, water vapor or carbon dioxide.

[0016] Based on the structure of the above-mentioned device for pyrolysis, volatilization, splitting and reforming of organic solid waste, the catalytic component is a catalyst bed, and the catalyst bed is a honeycomb structure; a purge device is also provided above the catalytic component.

[0017] Based on the structure of the above-mentioned device for pyrolysis, volatilization, splitting and reforming of organic solid waste, the catalyst bed is nickel-based-γ alumina.

[0018] Based on the structure of the above-mentioned device for pyrolysis, volatilization, splitting and reforming of organic solid waste, the discharging assembly includes an air lock, a gas outlet and a carbon black outlet; the bottom of the tower body is a funnel-shaped structure, the air lock and the carbon black outlet are arranged at the bottom of the funnel-shaped tower body, and the gas outlet is arranged at the side wall of the funnel-shaped tower body.

[0019] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0020] 1. The pyrolysis volatiles in this scheme refer to the gaseous products produced by the pyrolysis of organic solid waste. The device provided in this scheme uses low-temperature plasma and catalyst treatment to split and reform the pyrolysis volatiles to generate hydrogen-rich synthesis gas and carbon black, thereby achieving efficient resource utilization of organic solid waste and reducing the generation and emission of carbon dioxide and gaseous pollutants. The energy consumption of the device is low, and only a small amount of electricity and heat energy is required to be input. It can convert pyrolysis volatiles with complex components and a large amount of tar into small-molecule hydrogen-rich synthesis gas with high calorific value, thereby further preparing high-purity hydrogen, fuel gas or other chemical products, and has good industrial application prospects in the field of small and medium-scale solid waste resource utilization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the present invention as a whole;

[0023] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the air intake ring in the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 It is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of the guide cover in the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the plasma generator in the present invention;

[0026] Markings in the figure: 11. Tower top; 12. Tower body; 13. Support a; 14. Support b; 15. Support c; 16. Gas outlet; 17. Air lock; 18. Carbon black outlet; 21. U-shaped heating tube; 22. Heating gas inlet; 23. Heating gas outlet; 24. Inlet ring; 25. Inlet pipe; 26. First bracket; 27. Gas outlet; 31. Guide cover; 32. Guide hole; 33. Plasma working gas channel; 34. High voltage electrode; 35. Insulating medium; 36. Grounding electrode; 41. Catalyst bed; 42. Purge device; A. Feed heating area; B. Plasma catalysis area; C. Product separation area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] All features disclosed in this specification, or steps in all methods or processes disclosed, except mutually exclusive features and / or steps, can be combined in any manner.

[0028] Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any additional claims and abstract), unless otherwise stated, may be replaced by other equivalent or alternative features having similar purposes. That is, unless otherwise stated, each feature is only an example of a series of equivalent or similar features.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "up", "down", "left", "right", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a predetermined direction, be constructed and operated in a predetermined direction, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0030] In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] like Figure 1 to Figure 5 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution:

[0033] A device for pyrolysis, volatilization, splitting and reforming of organic solid waste, which at least includes but is not limited to a tower top 11 and a tower body 12 flange-connected to the tower top 11, a heating component extending into the tower body 12 is arranged on the tower top 11, an air intake component is arranged on the tower body 12, a plasma generator and a catalytic component are arranged in sequence in the tower body 12; and a discharge component is also arranged at the bottom of the tower body 12.

[0034] The internal space of the reactor is divided into a feed heating area AA, a plasma catalytic area BB and a product separation area CC.

[0035] Based on the above structure, the pyrolysis volatiles enter the tower body 12 through the air intake component, the heating component continuously heats the pyrolysis volatiles to ensure that the pyrolysis volatiles are always in a gaseous state, and the pyrolysis volatiles pass through the plasma generator in turn, so that the large molecular hydrocarbons (C3 and above) in the pyrolysis volatiles react quickly with the highly active plasma to undergo cracking and reforming reactions to generate small molecular synthesis gas, including CO, CO2, H2, CH4, C2H4 and other gases. If the content of large molecular hydrocarbons is high, carbon black will also be generated; finally, the small molecular synthesis gas and carbon black continue to flow downward into the catalytic component, and the small molecular synthesis gas reacts with water gas at the catalytic component, and the final product will be discharged and collected outward through the discharge component; the tower top 11 and the tower body 12 are made of heat-insulating materials, and the tower top 11 and the tower body 12 are flange-connected for easy disassembly and assembly.

[0036] As an example, the air intake assembly may include an air intake ring 24, an inlet pipe 25 and a first bracket 26; the inlet pipe 25 is connected to the air intake ring 24, and the first bracket 26 is arranged along the circumferential position of the air intake ring 24; the viscosity of the condensable gas in the pyrolysis volatile matter of the inlet pipe 25 at room temperature shall not exceed 30 centipoise; the air intake ring 24 may be a hollow structure in the shape of a circular ring.

[0037] A gas outlet 16 is provided at the bottom of the intake ring. The gas outlet 16 is a plurality of small holes arranged unevenly. The small holes on the side close to the intake ring 24 inlet pipe 25 are sparse, and the small holes on the side away from the intake ring 24 inlet pipe 25 are dense.

[0038] Based on the above structure, through the specially arranged gas outlet 16, on the one hand, the pyrolysis volatiles can be evenly distributed so that the pyrolysis volatiles fill the feed heating area A; on the other hand, the flow rate of the pyrolysis volatiles can be adjusted to stabilize the velocity flow field in the heating area to avoid the accumulation of pyrolysis volatiles.

[0039] More specifically, three first brackets 26 are provided, and the three first brackets 26 and one inlet pipe 25 form a cross-shaped symmetrical structure. Such a configuration can make the air intake assembly more stable.

[0040] As an example, the heating component can be a U-shaped heating tube 21 fixed to the tower top 11. The U-shaped heating tube 21 is symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the tower body 12. The number of the U-shaped heating tube 21 is determined according to the pyrolysis volatile flow rate and the heating gas temperature, and the number is at least four; the heating gas enters from the heating gas inlet far away from the central axis and is discharged from the heating gas outlet 23 close to the central axis.

[0041] Based on the above structure, the function of the heating component is to ensure that the pyrolysis volatiles are always in a gaseous state. The medium of the U-shaped heating tube 21 can be externally input hot steam, hot flue gas, exhaust gas with waste heat, or high-temperature flue gas after combustion of pyrolysis products, with a temperature above 300°C.

[0042] As an example, the plasma generator may include a flow guide cover 31, a high voltage electrode 34 and an insulating medium 35, wherein the electrode and the insulating medium 35 are both cylindrical structures, the high voltage electrode 34 is coaxially nested and arranged outside the insulating medium 35, the flow guide cover 31 is arranged at the top position of the high voltage electrode 34 and the insulating medium 35, and a grounding electrode 36 is arranged in the flow guide cover 31;

[0043] The ground electrode 36 is connected to the center of the bottom of the guide cover 31 through a bayonet or a thread.

[0044] The guide cover 31 is an insulator as a whole, and a plasma working gas channel 33 is provided on the side of the guide cover 31; a certain curvature is provided on the top of the guide cover 31 from the center to the surface edge; and a plurality of parallel guide holes 32 are provided in the center of the guide cover 31.

[0045] Based on the above structure, the pyrolysis volatiles enter the lower plasma space through the guide holes 32 on the surface of the guide cover 31. The functions of the guide holes 32 are: on the one hand, they can guide the direction of the pyrolysis volatiles; on the other hand, they can limit the flow rate of the pyrolysis volatiles. At the same time, when the pyrolysis volatiles reach the guide cover 31 and are blocked, the heavy hydrocarbons may condense into liquid, have a lower viscosity at 300°C, and will flow and gather at the edge of the guide cover 31; at the same time, before the pyrolysis volatiles enter the feed heating area A, the working gas enters the lower part of the guide cover 31 from the plasma working gas channel 33 in advance, and the working gas is ionized after being energized, forming a plasma space between the insulating medium 35 and the ground electrode 36.

[0046] As an example, the plasma working gas is usually air, nitrogen, water vapor, carbon dioxide, etc.; in particular, in order to increase the hydrogen content in the final synthesis gas, water vapor is preferably used as the plasma working gas, or, in order to increase the continuous working time of the device, air or carbon dioxide is selected as the plasma working gas.

[0047] After the pyrolysis volatiles evenly enter the plasma space, the large molecular hydrocarbons (above C3) in the pyrolysis volatiles rapidly undergo cracking and reforming reactions with the highly active plasma to generate small molecular synthesis gas, including CO, CO2, H2, CH4, C2H4 and other gases. If the content of large molecular hydrocarbons is high, carbon black will also be generated.

[0048] As an example, the catalytic component may be a catalyst bed 41, and the catalyst bed 41 is a honeycomb structure.

[0049] Based on the above structure, by making the catalyst bed 41 a honeycomb structure, resistance can be reduced on the one hand, and carbon black clogging can be reduced on the other hand. The internal pores of the catalyst bed 41 are larger, which can be more conducive to the downward flow of small molecule synthesis gas and carbon black. The small molecule synthesis gas undergoes a further reforming reaction represented by the water gas reaction CO+H2O→CO2+H2 at the catalyst bed 41 to generate hydrogen-rich synthesis gas.

[0050] As an example, the catalyst bed 41 is nickel-based-γ-alumina or a modified catalyst thereof, which has a high hydrogen selectivity.

[0051] Furthermore, in order to obtain a synthesis gas with more ideal components, the catalyst bed 41 may be provided with two or more layers;

[0052] As an example, a blower 42 may be provided above the catalytic assembly. The blower receives a pulse signal and periodically blows in compressed air. The carbon black generated by the cracking and reforming reactions of the pyrolysis volatiles may accumulate on the surface of the catalyst bed 41. The accumulated carbon black can be blown off by providing the blower 42. The purge cycle of the blower 42 is set according to the production of carbon black to prevent the introduction of too much impurity gas.

[0053] As an example, the discharging assembly may include an air lock 17, a gas outlet 16 and a carbon black outlet 18; the bottom of the tower body 12 is a funnel-shaped structure, the air lock 17 and the carbon black outlet 18 are arranged at the bottom of the funnel-shaped tower body 12, and the gas outlet 16 is arranged at the side wall of the funnel-shaped tower body 12.

[0054] Based on the above structure, the carbon black falling by gravity and the carbon black falling by the above purge will accumulate above the air lock 17, and the hydrogen-rich synthesis gas will carry a small amount of fine carbon powder and be discharged from the gas outlet 16 through the rear-end induced draft fan. When the carbon black accumulates to a certain amount, it also has a certain sealing function. When the air lock 17 is opened, the carbon black is discharged from the carbon black outlet 18 and collected.

[0055] As an example, the tower body 12 is also provided with a support a13 for supporting the air intake assembly, a support b14 for supporting the plasma generator, and a support c15 for supporting the catalytic assembly.

[0056] Based on the above structure, the air intake assembly, the plasma generator and the catalytic assembly can be stably supported by three supports.

[0057] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for pyrolysis, volatilization, splitting and reforming of organic solid waste, characterized by: At least it includes but is not limited to a tower top and a tower body connected to the tower top flange, the tower top is provided with a heating component extending into the tower body, the tower body is provided with an air intake component, the tower body is also provided with a plasma generator and a catalytic component in sequence; the bottom of the tower body is also provided with a discharge component.

2. The device for pyrolysis, volatilization, splitting and reforming of organic solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air intake assembly comprises an air intake ring, an inlet pipe and a first bracket; the inlet pipe is connected to the air intake ring through-through, and the first bracket is arranged along the circumferential position of the air intake ring.

3. The device for pyrolysis, volatilization, splitting and reforming of organic solid waste according to claim 2, characterized in that: A gas outlet is provided at the bottom of the intake ring. The gas outlet is a plurality of small holes arranged unevenly. The small holes on the side close to the intake ring inlet pipe are sparse, while the small holes on the side away from the intake ring inlet pipe are dense.

4. The device for pyrolysis, volatilization, splitting and reforming of organic solid waste according to claim 3, characterized in that: The heating component is a U-shaped heating tube fixed on the top of the tower. The U-shaped heating tube is symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the tower body. The number of the U-shaped heating tubes is determined according to the pyrolysis volatile flow rate and the heating gas temperature, and the number of the U-shaped heating tubes is at least four. The heating gas enters from a heating gas inlet far away from the central axis and is discharged from a heating gas outlet close to the central axis.

5. The device for pyrolysis, volatilization, splitting and reforming of organic solid waste as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The plasma generator includes a guide cover, a high-voltage electrode and an insulating medium. The electrode and the insulating medium are both cylindrical structures. The high-voltage electrode is coaxially nested outside the insulating medium. The guide cover is arranged at the top position of the high-voltage electrode and the insulating medium. A grounding electrode is arranged in the guide cover.

6. The device for pyrolysis, volatilization, splitting and reforming of organic solid waste as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The grounding electrode is connected to the center position of the bottom of the guide cover through a bayonet or a thread; the guide cover as a whole is an insulator, and a plasma working gas channel is provided on the side of the guide cover; the top of the guide cover is provided with a certain curvature from the center to the surface edge; and a plurality of parallel guide holes are provided in the center of the guide cover.

7. The device for pyrolysis, volatilization, splitting and reforming of organic solid waste according to claim 6, characterized in that: The plasma working gas is a combination of one or more of air, nitrogen, water vapor or carbon dioxide.

8. The device for pyrolysis, volatilization, splitting and reforming of organic solid waste according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The catalytic component is a catalyst bed layer, and the catalyst bed layer is a honeycomb structure; a purge device is also arranged above the catalytic component.

9. The device for pyrolysis, volatilization, splitting and reforming of organic solid waste according to claim 8, characterized in that: The catalyst bed is nickel-based-γ alumina.

10. The device for pyrolysis, volatilization, decomposition and reforming of organic solid waste according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The discharging assembly includes an air lock, a gas outlet and a carbon black outlet; the bottom of the tower body is a funnel-shaped structure, the air lock and the carbon black outlet are arranged at the bottom of the funnel-shaped tower body, and the gas outlet is arranged at the side wall of the funnel-shaped tower body.

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