Machining method of special-shaped part

Abstract

The invention relates to a machining method for a special-shaped part, and belongs to the technical field of part machining. Comprising the steps that S1, the special-shaped part is fixed to a vertical lathe workbench, and a datum hole of the special-shaped part is formed through finish turning; s2, a tool matched with the datum hole is designed and manufactured; s3, the tool is sleeved with the special-shaped part, and the special-shaped part is fixed; and S4, the tool is fixed to a vertical lathe workbench, and then serial holes in the special-shaped part are formed through finish turning. The tool comprises a positioning pile and an expansion sleeve arranged on the positioning pile in a sleeving mode, the part, formed after the positioning pile and the expansion sleeve are arranged in a sleeving mode, of the positioning pile is a cylinder, and the diameter of the cylinder is equal to the hole diameter of a datum hole. And in the step S3, sleeving of the special-shaped part and the tool is achieved in the mode that the cylinder is embedded into the datum hole. By means of the machining method, the tool precision, the distance between the string holes, the coaxiality and the parallelism of the axes are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of parts processing, and relates to a processing method for special-shaped parts. Background Art

[0002] In the field of mechanical manufacturing, the processing of special-shaped parts has always been a technical difficulty, especially when ensuring the high precision requirements of the parts. With the continuous development of modern industrial technology, the precision requirements for special-shaped parts are getting higher and higher, especially in the fields of aerospace, precision instruments, etc. The precision of special-shaped parts directly affects the performance and reliability of the entire equipment. Among them, the coaxiality and parallelism of the string hole processing of special-shaped parts are one of the key indicators to ensure the quality of parts.

[0003] At present, the processing of special-shaped parts is mainly carried out by high-precision equipment such as CNC machine tools and machining centers. These equipment have significant advantages in processing accuracy and processing efficiency. However, in the actual production process, there are still some technical difficulties. In particular, for some special-shaped parts with complex structures and high precision requirements, it is particularly difficult to ensure the coaxiality and parallelism of the string hole processing.

[0004] In the process of drilling holes in special-shaped parts, coaxiality refers to the degree to which the axes of two or more holes are in the same straight line. For special-shaped parts with high precision requirements, the error of the coaxiality of the holes must be controlled within a very small range, otherwise it will affect the overall performance and reliability of the parts. Parallelism refers to the degree to which two planes or two straight lines remain parallel in the direction perpendicular to a certain reference plane or reference line. For special-shaped parts with multiple parallel planes or parallel holes, ensuring their parallelism is also crucial. Excessive parallelism error will cause interference or gaps between parts during assembly, thus affecting the overall performance and reliability of the equipment.

[0005] In traditional processing methods, in order to ensure the coaxiality and parallelism of the string holes of special-shaped parts, multiple clamping and multiple corrections are usually used for processing. However, this method not only has low processing efficiency, but also easily introduces clamping errors and correction errors, thereby affecting the accuracy of the parts. In addition, for some special-shaped parts with complex structures and large sizes, traditional processing methods often cannot guarantee their accuracy requirements.

[0006] Therefore, how to improve the coaxiality and parallelism of the string holes of special-shaped parts while ensuring the processing efficiency has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently in the current mechanical processing field. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a processing method for special-shaped parts to ensure tooling accuracy, distance between each string hole, coaxiality, and parallelism of each axis.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] A method for processing special-shaped parts comprises the following steps:

[0010] S1, fix the special-shaped parts on the vertical lathe workbench and finish-machine the reference holes of the special-shaped parts;

[0011] S2, design and produce a tooling that matches the reference hole;

[0012] S3, putting the special-shaped parts on the tooling and fixing them;

[0013] S4, fix the tooling on the vertical lathe workbench, and then fine-machine the string holes on the special-shaped parts;

[0014] In step S2, the tooling includes a positioning pile and an expansion sleeve mounted on the positioning pile, and the portion after the positioning pile and the expansion sleeve are mounted is a cylinder, and the diameter of the cylinder is equal to the aperture of the reference hole; in step S3, the mounting of the special-shaped parts and tooling is achieved by embedding the cylinder into the reference hole.

[0015] Optionally, in step S1, the special-shaped part includes a first end and a second end, and a protrusion facing the second end is arranged in the middle of the first end; at least two equal-height shims are arranged relatively on the vertical lathe workbench, and the special-shaped part is placed on the vertical lathe workbench through the equal-height shims, the first end is in contact with the end of the equal-height shims away from the vertical lathe workbench, and the second end is placed in the space between adjacent equal-height shims; a clamp is arranged on the outer side of the adjacent equal-height shims, the clamp clamps the first end of the special-shaped part, and the clamp and the equal-height shims together fix the special-shaped part on the vertical lathe workbench; then a reference hole is finely turned on the side of the special-shaped part away from the vertical lathe workbench.

[0016] Optionally, the clamp-like objects are arranged on the vertical lathe workbench through shims, and are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the outer sides of adjacent shims of the same height.

[0017] Optionally, in step S2, the tool further includes a base, and the positioning pile is arranged on the base in a manner that its axial direction is perpendicular to the base.

[0018] Optionally, the tooling further comprises a first pressing plate arranged at an end of the positioning pile away from the base, and the first pressing plate is fixed to the positioning pile by a clamping nut to prevent the expansion sleeve and special-shaped parts from sliding off.

[0019] Optionally, in step S3, remove the clamping nut, the first pressure plate and the expansion sleeve, make the first end of the special-shaped part contact the base, put the special-shaped part on the positioning pile, and then install the expansion sleeve in the gap between the positioning pile and the reference hole to make the special-shaped part automatically centered, and then install the first pressure plate and the clamping nut back to their original positions to fix the special-shaped part on the tooling.

[0020] Optionally, in step S3, the tooling further includes fixing members disposed on the base and located on both sides of the positioning piles, and the distance between adjacent fixing members is greater than or equal to the length of the first end of the special-shaped part, so that the first end can be inserted between adjacent fixing members.

[0021] Optionally, the positioning piles are detachably arranged on the base by bolts.

[0022] Optionally, at least two fixing members are provided on the vertical lathe workbench, and the distance between adjacent fixing members is greater than or equal to the width of the base, so that the base can be inserted between adjacent fixing members.

[0023] Optionally, the fixing member includes a screw rod vertically arranged on the base, a nut sleeved on the screw rod, and a second pressing plate, the fixing member is first placed between the screw rods of adjacent fixing members, and then the nut and the second pressing plate are sleeved on the screw rods in sequence, so that the second pressing plate presses the fixing member. The fixing member is a special-shaped part or a base.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0025] The present invention realizes the precise positioning and clamping of special-shaped parts during the processing by designing a special fixture. The special fixture not only ensures the stability of the parts during processing, but also effectively avoids the generation of clamping errors, thereby improving the processing accuracy of the parts. In particular, for the serial hole processing of special-shaped parts, the fixture can ensure that the coaxiality and parallelism between the hole positions meet the design requirements, which is very important for ensuring the overall performance and reliability of the parts.

[0026] The present invention effectively improves the processing efficiency through reasonable processing steps. By first finishing the key parts of the parts and then using the fixture for subsequent processing, the inefficient operations of multiple clamping and multiple corrections in the traditional processing method are avoided. This not only saves processing time, but also reduces production costs.

[0027] The processing method of the present invention also has good versatility and flexibility. The design of the fixture can be adjusted according to the specific requirements of different special-shaped parts, so as to meet the processing needs of parts of different sizes and shapes. This flexibility makes the method have a wide range of application prospects in the field of mechanical processing.

[0028] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be described in the following description to some extent, and to some extent, will be obvious to those skilled in the art based on the following examination and study, or can be taught from the practice of the present invention. The objectives and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0030] Figure 1 It is a side view of a special-shaped part;

[0031] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a special-shaped part;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a special-shaped part being fixed on a vertical lathe workbench;

[0033] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the tooling;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of special-shaped parts being installed on the vertical lathe workbench through tooling.

[0035] Reference numerals:

[0036] 1 Special-shaped part, 11 First end, 111 convex part, 112 Reference hole, 113 First series of holes, 114 First outer circle, 12 Second end, 121 Second series of holes, 122 Third series of holes, 123 Second outer circle, 2 Tooling, 21 Base, 22 Positioning pile, 23 Expansion sleeve, 24 First pressure plate, 25 Pressing nut, 26 Fixing part, 261 Screw, 262 Nut, 263 Second pressure plate, 3 Vertical lathe workbench, 4 Equal height shims, 5 Clamp, 6 Shims, 7 Bolts. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention by specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments only illustrate the basic concept of the present invention in a schematic manner, and the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0038] Among them, the drawings are only used for illustrative explanations, and they only represent schematic diagrams rather than actual pictures, and should not be understood as limitations on the present invention. In order to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of actual products. For those skilled in the art, it is understandable that some well-known structures and their descriptions in the drawings may be omitted.

[0039] The same or similar numbers in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar parts; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc. indicate the orientation or position relationship, they are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms describing the position relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0040] See also Figure 1 to Figure 5 , is a processing method for a special-shaped part 1, comprising the following steps:

[0041] S1, fix the special-shaped part 1 on the vertical lathe workbench 3, and finish-machine the reference hole 112 of the special-shaped part 1;

[0042] The special-shaped part 1 includes a first end 11 and a second end 12, and a protrusion 111 facing the second end 12 is arranged in the middle of the first end 11; at least two equal-height shims 4 are arranged relatively on the vertical lathe workbench 3, and the special-shaped part 1 is placed on the vertical lathe workbench 3 through the equal-height shims 4, and the first end 11 is in contact with the end of the equal-height shims 4 away from the vertical lathe workbench 3, and the second end 12 is placed in the space between adjacent equal-height shims 4; a clamp 5 is arranged on the outer side of the adjacent equal-height shims 4, and the clamp 5 clamps the first end 11 of the special-shaped part 1. The clamp 5 and the equal-height shims 4 together stably fix the special-shaped part 1 on the vertical lathe workbench 3, contributing to improving the accuracy of subsequent finishing processing; then a reference hole 112 is finish-turned on the side of the special-shaped part 1 away from the vertical lathe workbench 3.

[0043] The clamp 5 is arranged on the vertical lathe workbench 3 through the shims 6, and is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the outer sides of adjacent equal-height shims 4. The clamp 5 can be a vise.

[0044] S2, designing and manufacturing a tool 2 that matches the reference hole 112;

[0045] The tooling 2 includes a positioning pile 22 and an expansion sleeve 23 sleeved on the positioning pile 22. The positioning pile 22 and the expansion sleeve 23 are sleeved in a cylindrical shape, and the diameter of the cylinder is equal to the diameter of the reference hole 112. In step S3, the sleeve of the special-shaped part 1 and the tooling 2 is achieved by embedding the cylinder in the reference hole 112. In this way, the centering accuracy of the special-shaped part can be guaranteed, the processing error can be reduced, and the cumbersome process caused by multiple corrections can be avoided.

[0046] The tooling 2 also includes a base 21, and a positioning pile 22 is arranged on the base 21 in such a way that its axial direction is perpendicular to the base 21. It also includes a first pressing plate 24 arranged at one end of the positioning pile 22 away from the base 21, and the first pressing plate 24 is fixed to the positioning pile 22 by a clamping nut 25 to prevent the expansion sleeve 23 and the special-shaped part 1 from sliding off.

[0047] S3, putting the special-shaped part 1 on the tooling 2 and fixing it;

[0048] Remove the clamping nut 25, the first pressure plate 24 and the expansion sleeve 23, so that the first end 11 of the special-shaped part 1 contacts the base 21, and in this way the special-shaped part 1 is sleeved on the positioning pile 22, and then the expansion sleeve 23 is installed in the gap between the positioning pile 22 and the reference hole 112, so that the special-shaped part 1 is automatically centered, and then the first pressure plate 24 and the clamping nut 25 are installed back to their original positions, so as to fix the special-shaped part 1 on the tooling 2.

[0049] The tooling 2 further includes fixing members 26 disposed on the base 21 and located on both sides of the positioning piles 22 . The distance between adjacent fixing members 26 is greater than or equal to the length of the first end 11 of the special-shaped part 1 , so that the first end 11 can be inserted between adjacent fixing members 26 .

[0050] S4, fix the tooling 2 on the vertical lathe workbench 3, and then fine-machine the string holes on the special-shaped part 1;

[0051] At least two fixing members 26 are arranged on the vertical lathe workbench 3, and the distance between adjacent fixing members 26 is greater than or equal to the width of the base 21, so that the base 21 can be inserted between adjacent fixing members 26. When the tool 2 is placed on the vertical lathe workbench 3, it is first calibrated to an error of no more than 0.01, and then fixed.

[0052] The fixing member 26 includes a screw rod 261 vertically arranged on the base 21, a nut 262 sleeved on the screw rod 261 and a second pressure plate 263. When the special-shaped part 1 is fixed on the tooling 2, the second pressure plate 263 is pressed against the first end 11 or the base 21 of the special-shaped part 1 by the nut 262, thereby improving the fixing effect of the special-shaped part 1 and the base 21.

[0053] The positioning pile 22 is detachably arranged on the base 21 by means of the bolt 7. The versatility of the base 21 is improved, and when designing and manufacturing the tooling 2, only the positioning pile 22 and the expansion sleeve 23 matching the aperture of the reference hole 112 need to be manufactured, which is more convenient and reduces the design and manufacturing cost.

[0054] The positioning pile 22 may be a truncated cone or a cone. When installed and fixed, the circular surface with a larger area contacts the base 21 .

[0055] When the positioning pile 22 is a conical pile, the expansion sleeve 23 is a conical expansion sleeve 23, and at least one slit can be provided on the side wall of the expansion sleeve 23. By adjusting the width of the slit, the expansion sleeve 23 can be moved axially on the conical pile, and the inner wall of the expansion sleeve 23 and the outer wall of the conical pile are kept in contact during the movement. This method can increase the versatility of the positioning pile 22 and the expansion sleeve 23. When the reference hole 112 of the special-shaped part 1 is within a certain range, the same set of positioning piles 22 and expansion sleeves 23 can be selected to avoid repeated design and manufacturing resulting in increased costs.

[0056] Compared with ordinary spacers, the equal-height spacers 4 and 6 have many advantages.

[0057] The height-conforming shims 4 can provide stable support to ensure the accuracy and stability during the processing; they can also adapt to the needs of different heights. By adjusting the height of the height-conforming shims 4, the workpiece can be accurately positioned and supported. Compared with ordinary shims, the height-conforming shims 4 have higher rigidity and load-bearing capacity, can withstand greater processing forces and vibrations, and ensure processing quality.

[0058] Example:

[0059] like Figures 1 to 5 The special-shaped part 1 has a reference hole 112 and a first series of holes 113 connected to the reference hole 112. The series of holes includes a second series of holes 121 and a third series of holes 122. The diameter of the reference hole 112 is 300mm, the diameter of the first series of holes 113 is 539mm, the diameter of the second series of holes 121 is 183mm, and the diameter of the third series of holes 122 is 300mm. The first end 11 is provided with step portions on both sides along the axial direction of the reference hole 112, which respectively fit with the equal height pad 4 and the base 21 of the tooling 2. The first end 11 and the second end 12 also need to be fine-turned to the first outer circle 114 and the second outer circle 123 on both sides. The diameter of the first outer circle 114 is 980mm, and the diameter of the second outer circle 123 is 400mm. The first outer circle 114 will be fine-turned after the reference hole 112 and the first series of holes 113 are completed, and the second outer circle 123 will be fine-turned after the third series of holes 122 are completed.

[0060] According to the processing method of the present invention, the coaxiality of the first string of holes 113, the first outer circle 114 and the reference hole 112 can be controlled at 0.02, the axial parallelism of the second string of holes 121 and the reference hole 112 can be controlled at 0.02, the coaxiality of the second string of holes 121 and the third string of holes 122 can be controlled at 0.02, the coaxiality of the second outer circle 123 and the second string of holes 121 can be controlled at 0.02, and the distance between the second string of holes 121 and the third string of holes 122 can also meet the error requirement of 268±0.02.

[0061] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solution, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for processing special-shaped parts, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, fixing the special-shaped part (1) on the vertical lathe workbench (3), and finishing-machining a reference hole (112) of the special-shaped part (1); S2, designing and manufacturing a tool (2) that matches the reference hole (112); S3, putting the special-shaped part (1) on the tooling (2) and fixing it; S4, fix the tooling (2) on the vertical lathe workbench (3), and then fine-machine the string holes on the special-shaped part (1); In step S2, the tooling (2) comprises a positioning pile (22) and an expansion sleeve (23) sleeved on the positioning pile (22), the portion after the positioning pile (22) and the expansion sleeve (23) are sleeved is a cylinder, and the diameter of the cylinder is equal to the aperture of the reference hole (112); in step S3, the sleeve of the special-shaped part (1) and the tooling (2) is achieved by embedding the cylinder into the reference hole (112).

2. The method for processing special-shaped parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the special-shaped part (1) comprises a first end (11) and a second end (12), and a protrusion (111) facing the second end (12) is arranged in the middle of the first end (11); at least two equal-height washers (4) are arranged on the vertical lathe workbench (3) in a relative manner, and the special-shaped part (1) is placed on the vertical lathe workbench (3) through the equal-height washers (4), and the first end (11) is in contact with the end of the equal-height washers (4) away from the vertical lathe workbench (3), and the second end (12) is placed in the space between adjacent equal-height washers (4); a clamp (5) is arranged on the outer side of the adjacent equal-height washers (4), and the clamp (5) clamps the first end (11) of the special-shaped part (1), and the clamp (5) and the equal-height washers (4) together fix the special-shaped part (1) on the vertical lathe workbench (3); and then a reference hole (112) is finely machined on the side of the special-shaped part (1) away from the vertical lathe workbench (3).

3. The method for processing special-shaped parts according to claim 2, characterized in that: The clamp-like object (5) is arranged on the vertical lathe workbench (3) through a shim (6), and is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the outer sides of adjacent shims (4) of equal height.

4. The method for processing special-shaped parts according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S2, the tool (2) further comprises a base (21), and the positioning pile (22) is arranged on the base (21) in such a way that its axial direction is perpendicular to the base (21).

5. The method for processing special-shaped parts according to claim 4, characterized in that: The tooling (2) also includes a first pressing plate (24) arranged at one end of the positioning pile (22) away from the base (21); the first pressing plate (24) is fixed to the positioning pile (22) via a clamping nut (25) to prevent the expansion sleeve (23) and the special-shaped part (1) from sliding off.

6. The method for processing special-shaped parts according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S3, the clamping nut (25), the first pressure plate (24) and the expansion sleeve (23) are removed, so that the first end (11) of the special-shaped part (1) is in contact with the base (21), the special-shaped part (1) is sleeved on the positioning pile (22), and the expansion sleeve (23) is installed in the gap between the positioning pile (22) and the reference hole (112) to make the special-shaped part (1) automatically centered, and then the first pressure plate (24) and the clamping nut (25) are installed back to their original positions, thereby fixing the special-shaped part (1) on the tooling (2).

7. The method for processing special-shaped parts according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S3, the tooling (2) further comprises fixing members (26) arranged on the base (21) and located on both sides of the positioning piles (22), wherein the distance between adjacent fixing members (26) is greater than or equal to the length of the first end (11) of the special-shaped part (1), so that the first end (11) can be inserted between adjacent fixing members (26).

8. The method for processing special-shaped parts according to claim 4, characterized in that: The positioning pile (22) is detachably arranged on the base (21) via bolts (7).

9. The method for processing special-shaped parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least two fixing members (26) are arranged on the vertical lathe workbench (3), and the distance between adjacent fixing members (26) is greater than or equal to the width of the base (21), so that the base (21) can be inserted between adjacent fixing members (26).

10. The method for processing special-shaped parts according to any one of claims 7 or 9, characterized in that: The fixing member (26) comprises a screw rod (261) vertically arranged on the base (21), a nut (262) sleeved on the screw rod (261), and a second pressing plate (263). The fixing member is first placed between the screw rods (261) of adjacent fixing members (26), and then the nut (262) and the second pressing plate (263) are sleeved on the screw rods (261) in sequence, so that the second pressing plate (263) presses the fixing member tightly.

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