High-energy liquid fuel with high storage stability and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a high-energy liquid fuel with high storage stability and a preparation method of the high-energy liquid fuel. The high-energy liquid fuel comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10-30wt% of chain ether; 35 to 50 wt% of an alkylene oxide; 5 to 45 wt% of an oxygen-containing aluminum alkyl; and 10-15 wt% of a sensitizing agent. According to the invention, the oxygen-containing alkyl aluminum is used for providing a detonation temperature, can be well dissolved in the chain ether and the alkylene oxide, can be stored for a long time in a liquid system formed by the chain ether and the alkylene oxide, can be stored for a long time without sedimentation, aggregation or deterioration under the condition of air isolation, and has high storage stability; and the oxygen-containing alkyl aluminum has lower detonation energy and higher combustion energy, so that the detonation temperature of the high-energy liquid fuel is ensured. Therefore, the high-energy liquid fuel provided by the invention well balances the stability and the combustion performance. Moreover, the sensitizer is added into the high-energy liquid fuel, so that the combustion of the oxygen-containing alkyl aluminum in the air can be accelerated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of fuel technology, and in particular to a high-energy liquid fuel with high storage stability and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] High-energy liquid fuel is a liquid fuel with development prospects. Its detonation energy is much higher than the energy released by the same mass of explosives. It is mainly achieved by scattering the fuel into the air, atomizing the fuel droplets and fully mixing with the air to form a cloud, and then using a secondary fuse to implement strong initiation, detonating the cloud containing the fuel droplets, and using high temperature, high pressure and strong shock waves to destroy the target; and the shock waves are reflected and superimposed between the walls, and the overpressure value is much higher than that in open spaces.

[0003] At present, the common high-energy liquid fuel formula is mainly ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, alkanes, alkenes or bridged ring compounds, and the sensitizer is mostly nitrate nitro compounds such as isopropyl nitrate and isobutyl nitrate or nitromethane. In order to increase the temperature during detonation and enhance its killing ability against soft targets, the existing technology generally adds aluminum powder to the fuel to increase the detonation temperature, but the metal aluminum powder will settle during storage, which greatly affects the stability of the high-energy liquid fuel during storage and use. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, an object of the present invention is to provide a high-energy liquid fuel with high storage stability and a preparation method thereof. The high-energy liquid fuel provided by the present invention has excellent stability and combustion performance.

[0005] The present invention provides a high-energy liquid fuel, comprising the following components in percentage:

[0006] 10-30wt% chain ether;

[0007] 35-50wt% alkylene oxide;

[0008] 5-45wt% oxygen-containing alkyl aluminum;

[0009] 10-15wt% sensitizer.

[0010] Preferably, the oxygen-containing alkyl aluminum includes one or more of trialkoxy aluminum, alkoxy alkyl aluminum, aluminum carboxylate, β-ketoacid aluminum complex and β-diketonaluminum complex.

[0011] Preferably, the oxygen-containing alkyl aluminum is one or more of trimethoxy aluminum, triethoxy aluminum, triisopropoxy aluminum, dimethyl aluminum isopropoxide, aluminum isooctanoate, aluminum stearate, aluminum triacetylacetonate and tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione)aluminum.

[0012] Preferably, the chain ether includes one or more of methyl ethyl ether, ethyl ether, isopropyl ether, isobutyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, anisole, 2-methoxyfuran, 3-methoxyfuran, 2,3-dimethoxyfuran, 2-methoxytetrahydrofuran, 3-methoxytetrahydrofuran, 2,3-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran and polymethoxyalkyl ether.

[0013] Preferably, the chain ether includes ethyl ether, isopropyl ether or polymethoxydialkyl ether.

[0014] Preferably, the methoxyl polymerization degree of the polymethoxy dialkyl ether is 1-20;

[0015] The alkyl group in the polymethoxydialkyl ether is one or two of a saturated normal alkane having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, an isoalkane having 3 to 16 carbon atoms, and an aromatic group-substituted alkyl group.

[0016] Preferably, the alkylene oxide includes one or more of ethylene oxide, methylethylene oxide, dimethylpropylene oxide, propylene oxide, 2-methylpropylene oxide, 3-methylpropylene oxide, 2,3-dimethylpropylene oxide and butylene oxide.

[0017] Preferably, the sensitizer comprises a nitrate ester.

[0018] The present invention provides a method for preparing a high-energy liquid fuel with high storage stability as described in the above technical solution, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0019] The chain ether, the alkylene oxide and the sensitizer are mixed in a dry environment to obtain a premixed solution;

[0020] In a protective atmosphere, the premixed liquid is mixed with oxygen-containing alkyl aluminum to obtain the high-energy liquid fuel with high storage stability.

[0021] Preferably, the protective atmosphere is nitrogen.

[0022] There are two main technologies for detonating high-energy liquid fuels: secondary detonation technology or primary detonation technology. For the secondary detonation technology, the first detonation is used to blow up the container and scatter the fuel, and the second detonation is used to ignite the fuel cloud to form a detonation. For the primary detonation technology, compared with the secondary detonation, the primary detonation is simpler and has lower costs. The characteristics of the primary detonation are that the shock wave generated by the external energy is used to synchronously induce the detonation of the fuel (such as electric sparks or detonators), or the fuel components themselves release heat to gradually induce the detonation of the fuel (such as chemical catalysis, photocatalysis or thermal turbulent jet initiation method, etc.). The present invention is a high-energy liquid fuel with a single detonation technology, and its detonation model is a combustion-to-detonation transition (DDT) model. After the high-energy liquid fuel with high storage stability described in the present invention generates a cloud, the oxygen-containing alkyl aluminum component (represented by triethoxyaluminum and diisopropyloxyaluminum) in the fuel can quickly self-ignite in the air without catalysis, playing the role of self-detonation fuel. The present invention provides a scheme for inducing detonation by simply relying on the spontaneous reaction of fuel components without catalysis and physical induction.

[0023] The high-energy liquid fuel provided by the present invention uses oxygen-containing alkyl aluminum to provide a bombing temperature. The oxygen-containing alkyl aluminum can be well dissolved in chain ethers and alkylene oxides, and has a long storage time in the liquid system formed by chain ethers and alkylene oxides. It can be stored for a long time under air-tight conditions without sedimentation, aggregation or deterioration, and has good storage stability; and the oxygen-containing alkyl aluminum has lower detonation energy and higher combustion energy, which ensures the detonation temperature of the high-energy liquid fuel. Therefore, the high-energy liquid fuel provided by the present invention has a good balance between stability and combustion performance, and has high storage stability. Moreover, a sensitizer is added to the high-energy liquid fuel of the present invention, which can accelerate the combustion of the oxygen-containing alkyl aluminum in the air. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is the test result of the stability experiment 1 at 50℃ for 48 hours;

[0025] Figure 2 This is the test result of the stability experiment 1 at -40℃ for 48 hours;

[0026] Figure 3 This is the test result of the stability test 1 with constant temperature oscillation at 70℃ for 2 hours;

[0027] Figure 4 This is the test result of the stability experiment 1 with constant temperature oscillation at -55℃ for 2 hours;

[0028] Figure 5 This is the test result of stability experiment 2 at 50℃ for 48 hours;

[0029] Figure 6 This is the test result of the stability experiment 2 at -40℃ for 48 hours;

[0030] Figure 7 This is the test result of the stability experiment 2 with constant temperature oscillation at 70℃ for 2 hours;

[0031] Figure 8 This is the test result of the stability experiment 2 with constant temperature oscillation at -55℃ for 2 hours. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present invention provides a high-energy liquid fuel with high storage stability, comprising the following components in percentage:

[0033] 10-30wt% chain ether;

[0034] 35-50wt% alkylene oxide;

[0035] 5-45wt% oxygen-containing alkyl aluminum;

[0036] 10-15wt% sensitizer.

[0037] The high-energy liquid fuel with high storage stability provided by the present invention comprises 5-45wt% of oxygen-containing alkyl aluminum, which can be specifically 5, 10, 13, 15, 20, 22, 25, 30, 35, 37, 40 or 45wt% in the embodiments of the present invention. In the present invention, the oxygen-containing alkyl aluminum preferably comprises one or more of trialkoxy aluminum, alkoxy alkyl aluminum, carboxylic acid aluminum, β-ketoacid aluminum complex and β-diketon aluminum complex, and more preferably comprises one or more of trimethoxy aluminum, triethoxy aluminum, triisopropoxy aluminum, isopropoxy dimethyl aluminum, aluminum isooctanoate, aluminum stearate, triacetylacetonate aluminum and tris (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione acid) aluminum. In the embodiments of the present invention, the oxygen-containing alkyl aluminum can be specifically triisopropoxy aluminum.

[0038] In order to accelerate the combustion of oxygen-containing alkyl aluminum in air, the high-energy liquid fuel with high storage stability provided by the present invention includes 10-15wt% of a sensitizer, which can be specifically 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 or 15wt%. In the present invention, the sensitizer is preferably a nitrate ester, which can be specifically isopropyl nitrate or isobutyl nitrate in this embodiment.

[0039] The high-energy liquid fuel with high storage stability provided by the present invention comprises 10-30wt% of chain ether, which may be specifically 10, 15, 20, 25 or 30wt% in the embodiments of the present invention. In the present invention, the chain ether comprises one or more of methyl ethyl ether, ethyl ether, isopropyl ether, isobutyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, anisole, 2-methoxyfuran, 3-methoxyfuran, 2,3-dimethoxyfuran, 2-methoxytetrahydrofuran, 3-methoxytetrahydrofuran, 2,3-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran and polymethoxydialkyl ether, preferably ethyl ether, isopropyl ether or polymethoxydialkyl ether.

[0040] In the present invention, the methoxyl degree of polymerization of the polymethoxy dialkyl ether is preferably 1-20, and may be specifically 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20; when the methoxyl polymer is 1, the polymethoxy dialkyl ether is a monomethoxy dialkyl ether, when the methoxyl degree of polymerization is 2, the polymethoxy dialkyl ether is a dimer methoxy dialkyl ether, and when the methoxyl degree of polymerization is greater than 2, the polymethoxy dialkyl ether is a polymethoxy dialkyl ether. In the present invention, the alkyl group in the polymethoxy dialkyl ether is preferably a saturated normal alkane with 1-16 carbon atoms (such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl), an isomeric alkane with 3-16 carbon atoms (such as isopropyl, 2-methylpropyl, tert-butyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2-isopropylhexyl, 2,3,3,4-tetramethylheptyl), one or two of an aromatic substituted alkyl group, preferably methyl, ethyl, 2-methylphenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 4-isopropylphenyl or 4-tert-butylphenyl. In the present invention, the chain ether can be a pure substance of the above-mentioned polymethoxy dialkyl ether, or a mixture of multiple polymethoxy dialkyl ethers. In an embodiment of the present invention, the chain ether can be specifically a monopolymethoxy dimethyl ether, a dimerization methoxy dimethyl ether or a dimerization methoxy di(2-methylpropyl) ether.

[0041] The high-energy liquid fuel with high storage stability provided by the present invention comprises 35-50wt% of alkylene oxide, which may be specifically 35, 40, 45 or 50wt% in the embodiments of the present invention. In the present invention, the alkylene oxide preferably comprises one or more of ethylene oxide, methylethylene oxide, dimethylpropylene oxide, propylene oxide, 2-methylpropylene oxide, 3-methylpropylene oxide, 2,3-dimethylpropylene oxide and butylene oxide; in the embodiments of the present invention, it may be specifically ethylene oxide, methylethylene oxide, dimethylpropylene oxide or propylene oxide.

[0042] In the present invention, the chain ether and alkylene oxide can provide part of the oxygen required for combustion, and the oxygen-containing alkylaluminum mainly provides high-energy combustion heat.

[0043] The present invention provides a method for preparing a high-energy liquid fuel with high storage stability as described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0044] The chain ether, the alkylene oxide and the sensitizer are mixed in a dry environment to obtain a premixed solution;

[0045] In a protective atmosphere, the premixed liquid is mixed with oxygen-containing alkyl aluminum to obtain the high-energy liquid fuel with high storage stability.

[0046] The present invention mixes the chain ether, alkylene oxide and sensitizer in a dry environment to obtain a premixed liquid. The present invention has no special restrictions on the dry environment, and the moisture in the environment can be removed by drying or the like.

[0047] After obtaining the premixed liquid, the present invention mixes the premixed liquid with oxygen-containing alkyl aluminum in a protective atmosphere to obtain the high-energy liquid fuel with high storage stability. In the present invention, the protective atmosphere is preferably nitrogen to isolate oxygen.

[0048] In an embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method may be specifically as follows: adding chain ether, alkylene oxide and sensitizer into a dried quartz bottle, adding oxygen-containing alkyl aluminum under nitrogen protection to obtain a high-energy liquid fuel with high storage stability, and sealing the quartz bottle.

[0049] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below.

[0050] It should be noted that the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other in the absence of conflict; and, based on the embodiments in the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making any creative work are within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0051] It should be noted that various aspects of the embodiments within the scope of the appended claims are described below. It should be apparent that the aspects described herein may be embodied in a wide variety of forms, and any specific structure and / or function described herein is merely illustrative. Based on the present disclosure, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that an aspect described herein may be implemented independently of any other aspect, and two or more of these aspects may be combined in various ways. For example, any number of aspects described herein may be used to implement the device and / or practice the method. In addition, other structures and / or functionalities other than one or more of the aspects described herein may be used to implement this device and / or practice this method.

[0052] The preparation method of the high-energy liquid fuel in the embodiment is: add the chain ether, ethylene oxide and the sensitizer into a dried quartz bottle, add oxygen-containing alkyl aluminum under nitrogen protection, and seal the quartz bottle.

[0053] Embodiment 1-7:

[0054] According to the composition in Table 1, the chain ether, ethylene oxide and the sensitizer are mixed in a dry environment to obtain a premixed liquid; the premixed liquid is mixed with oxygen-containing alkyl aluminum under nitrogen protection to obtain a high-energy liquid fuel.

[0055] Embodiment 8-10:

[0056] According to the composition in Table 2, ether, ethylene oxide and isopropyl nitrate are mixed in a dry environment to obtain a premixed liquid; the premixed liquid is mixed with triisopropoxyaluminum under nitrogen protection to obtain a high-energy liquid fuel.

[0057] Performance Testing

[0058] 1. Stability test 1

[0059] Add 15.0 g (15 wt%) of ether, 45.0 g (45 wt%) of ethylene oxide and 15.0 g (15 wt%) of isobutyl nitrate into a 500 ml dried aluminum bottle, add 25 g (25 wt%) of triisopropoxyaluminum under nitrogen protection, and seal the aluminum bottle with a quartz glass stopper with good light transmittance.

[0060] Three bottles of mixed solutions were prepared in parallel according to the above scheme, and the three bottles of mixed solutions were placed in a 50° C. thermostat for 48 hours to observe whether they were turbid, precipitated, sticky or stratified.

[0061] Three bottles of mixed solutions were prepared in parallel according to the above scheme, and the three bottles of mixed solutions were placed in a -40°C thermostat for 48 hours to observe whether they were turbid, precipitated, sticky or stratified.

[0062] Three bottles of mixed solution were prepared in parallel according to the above scheme. The three bottles of mixed solution were placed at a constant temperature of 70° C. and shaken on a shaker for 2 hours to observe whether they were turbid, precipitated, sticky or stratified.

[0063] Three bottles of mixed solution were prepared in parallel according to the above scheme. The three bottles of mixed solution were placed at a constant temperature of -55°C and shaken on a shaker for 2 hours to observe whether they were turbid, precipitated, sticky or stratified.

[0064] 2. Stability test 2

[0065] 15.0 g (15 wt%) of ether, 45.0 g (45 wt%) of ethylene oxide and 15.0 g (15 wt%) of isobutyl nitrate were added to a 500 ml dried quartz glass bottle, 25 g (25 wt%) of triisopropoxyaluminum was added under nitrogen protection, and the quartz bottle was sealed.

[0066] Three bottles of mixed solutions were prepared in parallel according to the above scheme, and the three bottles of mixed solutions were placed in a 50° C. thermostat for 48 hours to observe whether they were turbid, precipitated, sticky or stratified.

[0067] Three bottles of mixed solutions were prepared in parallel according to the above scheme, and the three bottles of mixed solutions were placed in a -40°C thermostat for 48 hours to observe whether they were turbid, precipitated, sticky or stratified.

[0068] Three bottles of mixed solution were prepared in parallel according to the above scheme. The three bottles of mixed solution were placed at a constant temperature of 70° C. and shaken on a shaker for 2 hours to observe whether they were turbid, precipitated, sticky or stratified.

[0069] Three bottles of mixed solution were prepared in parallel according to the above scheme. The three bottles of mixed solution were placed at a constant temperature of -55°C and shaken on a shaker for 2 hours to observe whether they were turbid, precipitated, sticky or stratified.

[0070] 3. Stability test 3

[0071] 20.0 g (20 wt%) of monopolymethoxyalkyl ether, 50.0 g (50 wt%) of ethylene oxide and 10.0 g (10 wt%) of isobutyl nitrate were added into a 500 ml dried quartz bottle, 20.0 g (20 wt%) of triethylaluminum was added under nitrogen protection, and the quartz bottle was sealed.

[0072] Three bottles of mixed solutions were prepared in parallel according to the above scheme, and the three bottles of mixed solutions were placed in a 50° C. thermostat for 48 hours to observe whether they were turbid, precipitated, sticky or stratified.

[0073] Three bottles of mixed solutions were prepared in parallel according to the above scheme, and the three bottles of mixed solutions were placed in a -40°C thermostat for 48 hours to observe whether they were turbid, precipitated, sticky or stratified.

[0074] Three bottles of mixed solution were prepared in parallel according to the above scheme. The three bottles of mixed solution were placed at a constant temperature of 70° C. and shaken on a shaker for 2 hours to observe whether they were turbid, precipitated, sticky or stratified.

[0075] Three bottles of mixed solution were prepared in parallel according to the above scheme. The three bottles of mixed solution were placed at a constant temperature of -55°C and shaken on a shaker for 2 hours to observe whether they were turbid, precipitated, sticky or stratified.

[0076] In order to facilitate observation, the fuel sample in the stability test 2 was moved from the glove box to the sample bottle for photographing. The results of the stability test are shown in the figure below. Figure 1-8 As shown, the experiment confirmed that the mixed fuel did not show turbidity, sedimentation, stickiness or stratification at low temperature, high temperature and vibration, showing good stability.

[0077] 4. Combustion properties experiment

[0078] The samples obtained in Examples 1-10 were subjected to a combustion test according to the GJB5212-2004 test procedure. The results are shown in Table 1-2.

[0079] Table 1. Composition and combustion properties of fuels of Examples 1-7

[0080]

[0081]

[0082] Table 2 Composition and combustion properties of fuels of Examples 8-10

[0083]

[0084] As can be seen from Table 1-2, the high-energy liquid fuel provided by the present invention exhibits good volumetric combustion heat.

[0085] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A high-energy liquid fuel with high storage stability, characterized in that: The following percentages are included:

2. The high-energy liquid fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oxygen-containing alkyl aluminum includes one or more of trialkoxy aluminum, alkoxy alkyl aluminum, carboxylic acid aluminum, β-keto acid aluminum complex and β-diketon aluminum complex.

3. The high energy liquid fuel according to claim 2, characterized in that: The oxygen-containing alkyl aluminum is one or more of trimethoxy aluminum, triethoxy aluminum, triisopropoxy aluminum, dimethyl aluminum isopropoxide, aluminum isooctanoate, aluminum stearate, aluminum triacetylacetonate and tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione)aluminum.

4. The high-energy liquid fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chain ether includes one or more of methyl ethyl ether, ethyl ether, isopropyl ether, isobutyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, anisole, 2-methoxyfuran, 3-methoxyfuran, 2,3-dimethoxyfuran, 2-methoxytetrahydrofuran, 3-methoxytetrahydrofuran, 2,3-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran and polymethoxydialkyl ether.

5. The high-energy liquid fuel according to claim 4, characterized in that: The chain ether includes ethyl ether, isopropyl ether or polymethoxydialkyl ether.

6. The high-energy liquid fuel according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The methoxyl polymerization degree of the polymethoxy dialkyl ether is 1-20; The alkyl group in the polymethoxydialkyl ether is one or two of a saturated normal alkane having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, an isoalkane having 3 to 16 carbon atoms, and an aromatic group-substituted alkyl group.

7. The high energy liquid fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The alkylene oxide includes one or more of ethylene oxide, methylethylene oxide, dimethylpropylene oxide, propylene oxide, 2-methylpropylene oxide, 3-methylpropylene oxide, 2,3-dimethylpropylene oxide and butylene oxide.

8. The high energy liquid fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensitizer includes a nitrate ester.

9. The method for preparing a high-energy liquid fuel with high storage stability according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The chain ether, the alkylene oxide and the sensitizer are mixed in a dry environment to obtain a premixed solution; In a protective atmosphere, the premixed liquid is mixed with oxygen-containing alkyl aluminum to obtain the high-energy liquid fuel with high storage stability.

10. The preparation method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The protective atmosphere is nitrogen.

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