Uniform terrain wind power plant fan optimization arrangement method based on wake force

Abstract

The invention discloses a wake force-based uniform terrain wind power plant fan optimization arrangement method. The method comprises the following steps: setting an initial fan arrangement scheme, and calculating the generating capacity of a wind power plant of the initial fan arrangement scheme; setting a wind coordinate axis, and calculating the wake force of each fan site; vector decomposition is carried out on the wake force of each fan site; finding out the component force with the maximum value, moving the fan by one unit along the direction of the maximum component force, and calculating the generating capacity of the wind power plant of the current fan arrangement scheme; and comparing the generating capacity of the wind power plant in the previous and later fan arrangement schemes, and if the relative difference value of the generating capacity of the wind power plant in the two schemes meets a set convergence condition, determining that the current fan arrangement scheme is the optimal fan arrangement scheme, and stopping calculation. The method is suitable for actual construction of the wind power plant with the uniform terrain, automatic iterative calculation can be achieved, the calculation speed of fan arrangement is increased, and the overall generating capacity of the wind power plant is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of wind power generation, and in particular to a method for optimizing the arrangement of wind turbines in a wind farm on uniform terrain based on wake force. Background Art

[0002] With the growth of wind power installed capacity, whether the location of wind turbines is reasonable directly affects the power generation of the entire power farm, and also dominates the economic benefits of the wind farm. The core issue of this link is to consider the impact of the wake effect on the power generation of wind turbines, that is, to obtain the maximum power generation with the optimal wind turbine arrangement plan without increasing the number of wind turbines. Due to the wind turbine wake effect, the speed of the airflow will decrease after passing through the wind turbine. If the wind turbines are densely distributed, the impact between the wind turbines will increase, and the strong turbulence generated will cause the wind turbines and blades to vibrate, causing safety hazards; if the wind turbines are sparsely distributed, not only will the power generation not increase, but the investment in corresponding roads, cables and other projects will increase, and the land utilization rate will also be reduced. Therefore, under the premise that the boundaries of the wind farm are determined, the impact between wind turbines should be minimized.

[0003] The earliest optimization of wind turbine arrangement was obtained based on experience, generally in the form of regular determinant arrangement. This empirical method suppressed the power loss caused by wake to a certain extent, but it relied too much on the experience of wind resource engineers and could not guarantee the superiority of the solution.

[0004] In the prior art, precise calculations have been conducted on the optimal arrangement of fans, which can be mainly summarized into two categories: a) using genetic algorithms combined with theoretical analysis to analyze and verify the fan position; b) using mathematical models to calculate the reasonable range of fan arrangement rows and spacing. However, the current fan arrangement optimization methods have the following problems:

[0005] First, due to the limitations of wind turbine power, wind resource data, hub height and other factors in wind farms, the optimization problem is relatively complex, and various intelligent algorithms still need to consume a lot of computing resources and computing time to solve the problem of wind turbine optimization layout;

[0006] Second, various power generation calculation software in the wind power field cannot achieve optimized layout calculation. At present, most wind power survey technologies still use traditional manual optimization or local module automatic optimization methods in the micro-site selection stage, which consumes a lot of manpower and material resources and cannot reflect the superiority of the design. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention proposes a method for optimizing the layout of wind turbines in a uniform terrain wind farm based on wake force, which is suitable for the layout of wind turbines in a uniform terrain wind farm, realizes automatic iterative calculation, speeds up the calculation speed of wind turbine layout, and improves the overall power generation of the wind farm.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention designs a method for optimizing the layout of wind turbines in a uniform terrain wind farm based on wake force, which is particularly characterized in that it includes the following steps:

[0009] S1) setting an initial wind turbine arrangement scheme and calculating the wind farm power generation of the initial wind turbine arrangement scheme;

[0010] S2) Set the wind force coordinate axis and calculate the wake force at each wind turbine location. The wake force at each wind turbine location is calculated by the following formula:

[0011]

[0012] In the formula,

[0013] F is the wake force at a certain wind turbine location,

[0014] u0 is the distant incoming wind speed,

[0015] a is the axial flow induction factor,

[0016] N is the number of wind turbines in the wind farm,

[0017] u i is the wind speed at the i-th wind turbine site,

[0018] C T is the thrust coefficient of the wind turbine;

[0019] S3) performing vector decomposition of the wake force at each wind turbine location along the coordinate axis into component forces in multiple directions;

[0020] S4) calculating the magnitudes of all force components corresponding to each wind turbine position, finding the force component with the largest value, moving the wind turbine by one unit in the direction of the maximum force component, and calculating the wind farm power generation of the current wind turbine arrangement scheme;

[0021] S5) compares the wind farm power generation of the initial wind turbine arrangement scheme with the wind farm power generation of the current wind turbine arrangement scheme in step S4). If the relative difference in wind farm power generation of the two schemes meets the set convergence condition, the current wind turbine arrangement scheme in step S4) is the optimal wind turbine arrangement scheme, and the calculation is stopped; if the relative difference in wind farm power generation of the two schemes does not meet the set convergence condition, repeat steps S2) to S4) until the relative difference in wind farm power generation of the previous and next two schemes meets the set convergence condition.

[0022] Furthermore, in S1), the arrangement method of the initial wind turbine arrangement scheme is to pre-generate an array containing N numbers using a random algorithm according to the number of wind turbines N required for the wind farm, and the size of the numbers represents the position of the wind turbines.

[0023] Furthermore, in S2), the direction upwind from the dominant wind direction is taken as the positive direction of the y-axis, the direction along with the dominant wind direction is taken as the negative direction of the y-axis, the direction 90° counterclockwise rotated from the positive direction of the y-axis is taken as the positive direction of the x-axis, and the direction opposite to the positive direction of the x-axis is taken as the negative direction of the x-axis.

[0024] Furthermore, in S3), the wake force at each wind turbine location is decomposed into components in the positive direction of the x-axis, the negative direction of the x-axis, the positive direction of the y-axis, and the negative direction of the y-axis:

[0025] Furthermore, in S4), the corresponding , find the force component with the largest value, move the wind turbine one unit in the direction of the maximum force component, and calculate the wind farm power generation of the current wind turbine arrangement scheme.

[0026] Furthermore, in S4), if the wind turbine has been displaced to the boundary of the wind farm along the direction of the maximum component force, the movement of the wind turbine is stopped, and a position with the second largest component force is selected for movement.

[0027] Further, in S5), the convergence condition is that the relative difference between the wind farm power generation of the previous wind turbine arrangement scheme and the wind farm power generation of the current wind turbine arrangement scheme is less than or equal to 0.01%.

[0028] The advantages of the present invention are:

[0029] 1. The present invention first sets an initial wind turbine arrangement scheme and calculates the wind farm power generation of the initial wind turbine arrangement scheme; then introduces the concept of wake force, creates a calculation formula for the wake force of each wind turbine site, and vector decomposes the wake force of each wind turbine site into four directions in the coordinate axis, selects the maximum force component in the four directions, moves the wind turbine along the direction of the maximum force component, and calculates the wind farm power generation of the current wind turbine arrangement scheme, and then decides whether to continue the iterative calculation by comparing the relative difference between the wind farm power generation of the first and second wind turbine arrangement schemes;

[0030] 2. The convergence speed of the present invention is fast, and the fan arrangement optimization result can be obtained quickly. The obtained arrangement scheme is relatively regular, which greatly reduces manual operation and reflects the superiority of the design;

[0031] The wind turbine optimization layout method for a uniform terrain wind farm based on wake force of the present invention is suitable for the actual construction of a wind farm on uniform terrain, can realize automatic iterative calculation, speed up the calculation speed of wind turbine layout, and improve the overall power generation of the wind farm. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an initial arrangement scheme of a wind farm generated by a random algorithm in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 is the convergence calculation result in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the optimal arrangement scheme of a wind farm in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation examples.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, the wind turbine optimization layout method for a uniform terrain wind farm based on wake force includes the following steps:

[0038] S1) setting an initial wind turbine arrangement scheme and calculating the wind farm power generation of the initial wind turbine arrangement scheme.

[0039] Preferably, the arrangement method of the initial wind turbine arrangement scheme is to pre-generate an array containing N numbers using a random algorithm according to the number N of wind turbines required for the wind farm, and the size of the numbers represents the position of the wind turbines.

[0040] This paper takes a wind farm in Fujian as an example. The wind farm covers an area of ​​about 4km 2 , designed and installed 15 wind turbines with a single unit capacity of 5MW, the impeller diameter of the wind turbine is 155m, the hub height is 100m, the total capacity of the project is 75MW, and the on-site air density is 1.137kg / m 3 , corresponding to an altitude of 100m.

[0041] In this embodiment, according to the number of wind turbines required by the wind farm, 15, a random algorithm is used to pre-generate an array of 15 numbers, and the size of the numbers represents the location of the wind turbines. Figure 1 As shown, this is a schematic diagram of the initial layout of a wind farm generated using a random algorithm.

[0042] According to the improved Jensen model, the wind speed at each wind turbine location is calculated, and then the power generation is obtained by looking up the table against the power curve. The specific formula is as follows:

[0043]

[0044]

[0045]

[0046] In the formula,

[0047] u is the wind speed at a certain wind turbine location,

[0048] u0 is the distant incoming wind speed,

[0049] a is the axial flow induction factor,

[0050] x is the distance between the upstream and downstream fans in the direction of the incoming wind speed,

[0051] k is the expansion rate of the wake region,

[0052] r1 is the wake radius behind the wind rotor,

[0053] C T is the thrust coefficient of the wind turbine.

[0054] S2) Set the wind force coordinate axis and calculate the wake force at each wind turbine location. The wake force at each wind turbine location is calculated by the following formula:

[0055]

[0056] In the formula,

[0057] F is the wake force at a certain wind turbine location,

[0058] u0 is the distant incoming wind speed,

[0059] a is the axial flow induction factor,

[0060] N is the number of wind turbines in the wind farm,

[0061] u i is the wind speed at the i-th wind turbine site,

[0062] C T is the thrust coefficient of the wind turbine.

[0063] Preferably, the downwind direction of the dominant wind direction is taken as the positive direction of the y-axis, the upwind direction of the dominant wind direction is taken as the negative direction of the y-axis, the direction rotated 90° counterclockwise from the positive direction of the y-axis is taken as the positive direction of the x-axis, and the opposite direction of the positive direction of the x-axis is taken as the negative direction of the x-axis.

[0064] In this embodiment, the dominant wind direction of the wind farm is 70° north-east, the force against the wind along the dominant direction is defined as the positive direction of the y-axis, and the direction of the dominant wind direction rotated 90° counterclockwise is the positive direction of the x-axis.

[0065] S3) The wake force at each wind turbine location is vector-decomposed along the coordinate axis into component forces in multiple directions.

[0066] Preferably, the wake force at each wind turbine location is decomposed into components in the positive direction of the x-axis, the negative direction of the x-axis, the positive direction of the y-axis, and the negative direction of the y-axis.

[0067] S4) Calculate the numerical values ​​of all force components corresponding to each wind turbine position, find the force component with the largest value, move the wind turbine by one unit in the direction of the maximum force component, and calculate the wind farm power generation of the current wind turbine arrangement scheme.

[0068] Preferably, the corresponding , find the force component with the largest value, move the wind turbine one unit in the direction of the maximum force component, and calculate the wind farm power generation of the current wind turbine arrangement scheme.

[0069] Specifically, if the wind turbine has been displaced to the boundary of the wind farm along the direction of the maximum component force, the movement of the wind turbine is stopped, and a position with the second largest component force is selected for movement.

[0070] S5) compares the wind farm power generation of the initial wind turbine arrangement scheme with the wind farm power generation of the current wind turbine arrangement scheme in step S4). If the relative difference in wind farm power generation of the two schemes meets the set convergence condition, the current wind turbine arrangement scheme in step S4) is the optimal wind turbine arrangement scheme, and the calculation is stopped; if the relative difference in wind farm power generation of the two schemes does not meet the set convergence condition, repeat steps S2) to S4) until the relative difference in wind farm power generation of the previous and next two schemes meets the set convergence condition. The present invention first sets an initial wind turbine arrangement scheme and calculates the wind farm power generation of the initial wind turbine arrangement scheme; then introduces the concept of wake force, creates a calculation formula for the wake force of each wind turbine site, and vector decomposes the wake force of each wind turbine site into four directions in the coordinate axis, selects the maximum component force in the four directions, moves the wind turbine along the direction of the maximum component force, and calculates the wind farm power generation of the current wind turbine arrangement scheme, and decides whether to continue the iterative calculation by comparing the relative difference between the wind farm power generation of the first and last two wind turbine arrangement schemes.

[0071] Specifically, the convergence condition is that the relative difference between the wind farm power generation of the previous wind turbine arrangement scheme and the wind farm power generation of the current wind turbine arrangement scheme is less than or equal to 0.01%.

[0072] The final convergence calculation result in this embodiment is as follows Figure 3 shown.

[0073] The optimal arrangement scheme of the wind farm in this embodiment is as follows Figure 4 shown.

[0074] The wind turbine optimization layout method for a uniform terrain wind farm based on wake force of the present invention is suitable for the actual construction of a wind farm on uniform terrain, can realize automatic iterative calculation, speed up the calculation speed of wind turbine layout, and improve the overall power generation of the wind farm.

[0075] The above embodiments are preferred implementation modes of the present invention, but the implementation modes of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be equivalent replacement methods and are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the layout of wind turbines in a uniform terrain wind farm based on wake force, characterized in that: The steps include: S1) setting an initial wind turbine arrangement scheme and calculating the wind farm power generation of the initial wind turbine arrangement scheme; S2) Set the wind force coordinate axis and calculate the wake force at each wind turbine location. The wake force at each wind turbine location is calculated by the following formula: In the formula, F is the wake force at a certain wind turbine location, u0 is the distant incoming wind speed, a is the axial flow induction factor, N is the number of wind turbines in the wind farm, u i is the wind speed at the i-th wind turbine site, C T is the thrust coefficient of the wind turbine; S3) performing vector decomposition of the wake force at each wind turbine location along the coordinate axis into component forces in multiple directions; S4) calculating the magnitudes of all force components corresponding to each wind turbine position, finding the force component with the largest value, moving the wind turbine by one unit in the direction of the maximum force component, and calculating the wind farm power generation of the current wind turbine arrangement scheme; S5) compares the wind farm power generation of the initial wind turbine arrangement scheme with the wind farm power generation of the current wind turbine arrangement scheme in step S4). If the relative difference in wind farm power generation of the two schemes meets the set convergence condition, the current wind turbine arrangement scheme in step S4) is the optimal wind turbine arrangement scheme, and the calculation is stopped; if the relative difference in wind farm power generation of the two schemes does not meet the set convergence condition, repeat steps S2) to S4) until the relative difference in wind farm power generation of the previous and next two schemes meets the set convergence condition.

2. The method for optimizing wind turbine layout in a uniform terrain wind farm based on wake force according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1), the arrangement method of the initial wind turbine arrangement scheme is to pre-generate an array containing N numbers using a random algorithm according to the number of wind turbines N required for the wind farm, and the size of the numbers represents the position of the wind turbines.

3. The method for optimizing wind turbine layout in a uniform terrain wind farm based on wake force according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2), the upwind direction of the dominant wind direction is taken as the positive direction of the y-axis, the alongwind direction of the dominant wind direction is taken as the negative direction of the y-axis, the direction rotated 90° counterclockwise from the positive direction of the y-axis is taken as the positive direction of the x-axis, and the opposite direction of the positive direction of the x-axis is taken as the negative direction of the x-axis.

4. The method for optimizing wind turbine layout in a uniform terrain wind farm based on wake force according to claim 3 is characterized in that: In S3), the wake force at each wind turbine location is decomposed into the components in the positive direction of the x-axis, the negative direction of the x-axis, the positive direction of the y-axis, and the negative direction of the y-axis.

5. The method for optimizing wind turbine layout in a uniform terrain wind farm based on wake force according to claim 4, characterized in that: In S4), the corresponding , find the force component with the largest value, move the wind turbine one unit in the direction of the maximum force component, and calculate the wind farm power generation of the current wind turbine arrangement scheme.

6. The method for optimizing the layout of wind turbines in a uniform terrain wind farm based on wake force according to claim 5, characterized in that: In S4), if the wind turbine has been displaced to the boundary of the wind farm along the direction of the maximum component force, the movement of the wind turbine is stopped, and a position with the second largest component force is selected for movement.

7. The method for optimizing wind turbine layout in a uniform terrain wind farm based on wake force according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S5), the convergence condition is that the relative difference between the wind farm power generation of the previous wind turbine arrangement scheme and the wind farm power generation of the current wind turbine arrangement scheme is less than or equal to 0.01%.

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