Instruction processing system and method for quantum computer and quantum computer

Abstract

The invention discloses an instruction processing system and method for a quantum computer and the quantum computer, the instruction processing system is used for outputting waveform data of pulse signals for controlling quantum bits, and the instruction processing system comprises a state starting module used for sending a data output request according to a waveform parameter instruction sent by an upper computer; wherein the waveform parameter instruction comprises starting amplitudes of a rising edge and a falling edge of a pulse signal waveform, an amplitude repetition frequency, an amplitude increment and a waveform data total amount; and the data generation module is used for responding to the data output request and generating and outputting waveform data of the rising edge and the falling edge of the pulse signal waveform according to the initial amplitude, the amplitude repetition times, the amplitude increment and the total waveform data amount. According to the invention, the problem that the calculation efficiency of quantum calculation is affected due to the fact that the waveform data size of the pulse signal is large and the transmission is slow when the pulse signal is issued to the lower computer can be solved, and the calculation efficiency of quantum calculation can be greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of quantum computing, and in particular to an instruction processing system and method for a quantum computer and a quantum computer. Background Art

[0002] Quantum chips are the core components for running quantum computing. They integrate multiple qubits, such as spin qubits on semiconductor quantum chips. DC signals and pulse signals are used to manipulate spin qubits, and radio frequency signals are used to measure spin qubits.

[0003] When using pulse signals to conduct CPMG (Carr Purcell Meiboom Gill) and RB (Randomized Benchmarking) experiments on spin quantum bits, the waveform accuracy requirements are relatively low, and the pulse duration is usually in the millisecond level; that is, the rising and falling edges of the pulse signal waveform are relatively slow, and the waveform data of the complete waveform is relatively large. In addition, in order to ensure the accuracy of the experimental results, the manipulation is usually repeated thousands or even tens of thousands of times. Specifically, all pulse signals are combined into a combined pulse signal and applied to the spin quantum bit, and the manipulation results are experimented; it can be imagined that the waveform data of the combined pulse signal is very large.

[0004] In the prior art, a host computer is usually used to receive quantum computing tasks, and the waveform of the pulse signal that needs to be applied to each spin quantum bit is determined according to the quantum computing task, and the waveform data is sent to the slave computer and stored in the slave computer, and the slave computer outputs the corresponding pulse signal according to the waveform data; wherein the slave computer usually adopts a quantum control system. As mentioned above, the waveform data volume of the experimental combined pulse signal is very large, which is very time-consuming when sent, and also occupies a lot of memory when stored in the quantum control system.

[0005] In addition, this waveform data is pre-stored and cannot be adjusted in real time. When the pulse signal needs to be adjusted, the upper computer needs to update the waveform data of the pulse signal and re-send it to the lower computer. This is affected by the time when the data is sent, which directly reduces the computational efficiency of quantum computing. Summary of the invention

[0006] This can solve the problem in the prior art that the large amount of waveform data of the pulse signal causes the memory to be occupied when sent to the lower computer and the slow transmission affects the computing efficiency of quantum computing, and can greatly improve the computing efficiency of quantum computing.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the first aspect of the present application provides an instruction processing system for a quantum computer, which is used to output waveform data of a pulse signal for manipulating a quantum bit, including:

[0008] A state start module, used to send a data output request according to a waveform parameter instruction sent by a host computer; wherein the waveform parameter instruction includes the starting amplitude of the rising edge and the falling edge of the pulse signal waveform, the number of amplitude repetitions, the amplitude increment and the total amount of waveform data;

[0009] The data generation module is used to respond to the data output request and generate and output the waveform data of the rising edge and falling edge of the pulse signal waveform according to the starting amplitude, the number of amplitude repetitions, the amplitude increment and the total amount of waveform data.

[0010] As described above, in the instruction processing system for a quantum computer, preferably, the data generation module outputs a first amount of waveform data per clock cycle.

[0011] As described above, in the instruction processing system for a quantum computer, preferably, the first quantity is equal to the quotient of the sampling rate of the signal generating module and the working clock frequency of the data generating module, wherein the clock period and the working clock frequency are in a derivative relationship; and the signal generating module is used to output a corresponding pulse signal according to the waveform data.

[0012] As described above, in the instruction processing system for a quantum computer, preferably, the data generation module is specifically used to sequentially generate waveform data of a plurality of amplitudes according to the amplitude increment, the starting amplitude, and the number of amplitude repetitions; wherein the waveform data of each amplitude is repeatedly generated according to the number of amplitude repetitions.

[0013] As described above, in the instruction processing system for a quantum computer, preferably, the data generation module is used to determine the working state according to the amplitude repetition times and the first quantity.

[0014] As described above, in the instruction processing system for a quantum computer, preferably, the amplitude repetition number is the same as the first number, and the data generation module is in a first working state.

[0015] As described above, in the instruction processing system for a quantum computer, preferably, when the data generation module is in the first working state, the waveform data of the amplitude repetition number is output in each clock cycle.

[0016] As described above, in the instruction processing system for a quantum computer, preferably, the amplitude repetition number is greater than the first number, and the data generation module is in the second working state or the third working state.

[0017] As described above, in the instruction processing system for a quantum computer, preferably, when the data generation module is in the second working state, the data generation module outputs waveform data of the same amplitude in a number that is an integer multiple of the first number.

[0018] As described above, in the instruction processing system for a quantum computer, preferably, when the data generation module is in the third working state, the data generation module outputs the remaining amount of waveform data to the amplitude repetition number.

[0019] As described above, in the instruction processing system for a quantum computer, preferably, the data generation module is also used to fill in the waveform data of a preset amplitude to the first quantity in the last clock cycle according to the total amount of the waveform data.

[0020] The second aspect of the present application provides an instruction processing method for a quantum computer, which is used to output waveform data of a pulse signal for manipulating a quantum bit, comprising:

[0021] Sending a data output request according to the waveform parameter instruction sent by the host computer; wherein the waveform parameter instruction includes the starting amplitude of the rising edge and the falling edge of the pulse signal waveform, the number of amplitude repetitions, the amplitude increment and the total amount of waveform data;

[0022] In response to a data output request and based on the starting amplitude, the number of amplitude repetitions, the amplitude increment and the total amount of waveform data, the waveform data of the rising edge and the falling edge of the pulse signal waveform are generated and output.

[0023] A third aspect of the present application provides a quantum control system for a quantum computer, comprising any one of the above-mentioned instruction processing systems, host computer systems, and signal generation systems;

[0024] The host computer system is used to receive quantum computing tasks and issue corresponding waveform parameter instructions;

[0025] The instruction processing system is used to output waveform data of the pulse signal according to the waveform parameter instruction;

[0026] The signal generating system is used to output a corresponding pulse signal according to the waveform data; or

[0027] The above instruction processing method is used to output the waveform data of the pulse signal.

[0028] A fourth aspect of the present application provides a quantum computer, characterized in that it includes the above-mentioned quantum control system and a quantum processor, and the quantum processor performs quantum calculations based on a pulse signal output by the quantum control system.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the instruction processing system for quantum computers provided by the present application is used to manipulate the spin quantum bits on the semiconductor quantum processor. The host computer sends the starting amplitude of the rising and falling edges of the pulse signal waveform, the number of amplitude repetitions, the amplitude increment and the total amount of waveform data in the form of waveform parameter instructions to the instruction processing system, and the state startup module in the instruction processing system starts the conversion of the waveform parameter instructions, and then the data generation module performs the specific waveform coefficient conversion work, and generates and outputs the waveform data of the complete cycle of the pulse signal waveform according to the starting amplitude, the number of amplitude repetitions, the amplitude increment and the total amount of waveform data. By generating waveform data of various pulse signal waveforms in the instruction processing system of the lower computer, it is avoided that the host computer sends the complete waveform data of each pulse waveform, which greatly reduces the amount of data sent by the host computer module and improves the efficiency of quantum computing.

[0030] The instruction processing method, quantum control system and quantum computer provided in this application belong to the same application concept as the instruction processing system for a quantum computer, and therefore have the same beneficial effects, which will not be described in detail here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a combined pulse waveform provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the composition of an instruction processing system for a quantum computer provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 1 ;

[0033] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the waveform data of a pulse signal provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 1 ;

[0034] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the waveform data of a pulse signal provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 2 ;

[0035] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a data generation module outputting waveform data provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 1 ;

[0036] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a data generation module outputting waveform data provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 2 ;

[0037] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a data generation module providing an embodiment of the present application to complete waveform data;

[0038] Figure 8A flowchart of an instruction processing method for a quantum computer provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of a quantum control system provided in an embodiment of the present application. Description of the drawings:

[0041] 1-host computer system, 2-command processing system, 3-signal generation system;

[0042] 10 - state start module, 20 - data generation module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The specific implementation of the present application will be described in more detail below in conjunction with the schematic diagram. The advantages and features of the present application will become clearer according to the following description and claims. It should be noted that the drawings are all in a very simplified form and are not in precise proportions, and are only used to conveniently and clearly assist in explaining the purpose of the embodiments of the present application.

[0044] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", etc., indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0045] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0046] Quantum computers generally include quantum processors and quantum control systems that manipulate and measure quantum processors to complete quantum computing tasks. At present, quantum processors can be divided into superconducting series, semiconductor series, ion well series, optical system, etc. according to their physical principles.

[0047] In semiconductor quantum computers, multi-bit spin qubits are integrated on quantum processors. It is usually necessary to apply a DC signal to the quantum processor to form the spin qubits, and use pulse signals to experiment on the spin qubits. For example, when performing CPMG (Carr Purcell Meiboom Gill) and RB (Randomized Benchmarking) experiments, the waveform accuracy requirements are relatively low, and the pulse duration is usually in the millisecond level; that is, the rising and falling edges of the pulse signal waveform are relatively slow, and the waveform data of the complete waveform is relatively large. In addition, in order to ensure the accuracy of the experimental results, the manipulation is usually repeated thousands or even tens of thousands of times. Specifically, all pulse signals are combined into a combined pulse signal and applied to the spin qubit, and the manipulation results are experimented; it can be imagined that the waveform data of the combined pulse signal is very large.

[0048] Pulse signals are generally output by a signal source, a signal generator, or a quantum control system, and the waveform data of the pulse signal depends on the quantum computing task to be performed, and is usually sent down by the host computer. When a spin quantum bit performs a complex quantum computing task, it is necessary to continuously apply several pulse signals with different signal parameters to the same spin quantum bit. When repeated manipulation is required, the same pulse signal needs to be continuously applied to the same spin quantum bit. Regardless of whether the signal parameters of the pulse signal are the same, for several pulse signals, the waveforms of several pulse signals are usually spliced ​​into a combined pulse waveform in the host computer, and the combined pulse waveform is sent down to the quantum control system, which outputs a specific pulse signal based on the waveform data of the combined pulse waveform.

[0049] As attached Figure 1 A combined pulse waveform is shown in FIG. 1 , wherein the horizontal axis represents the pulse time and the vertical axis represents the pulse amplitude. The pulse time and the pulse amplitude correspond to each other to form a large number of waveform data. Figure 1 The combined pulse waveform in includes two pulse signal waveforms, which can be understood as the need to perform two repeated experiments on the spin quantum bit. For this combined pulse waveform, the host computer needs to send all the waveform data of the combined pulse waveform to the quantum control system, and the quantum control system outputs the corresponding pulse signal based on all the waveform data; it can be imagined that the complexity and quantity of the waveform data sent are very large. Moreover, when it is necessary to optimize a pulse waveform in the combined pulse waveform, the pulse waveform needs to be updated and the updated combined pulse waveform needs to be re-sent, which greatly affects the efficiency of quantum computing.

[0050] It should be noted that the attached Figure 1The combined pulse waveform of the example is only an example. The pulse waveform of the applied single pulse signal and the specific parameters and waveform data of the combined pulse waveform need to be determined according to the quantum computing task to be performed, and will not be repeated in this embodiment.

[0051] Continue as attached Figure 1 From the pulse signal waveform shown, it can be found that the waveform data of the pulse signal generally includes the amplitude of the low level, the waveform data of the rising edge and the falling edge, and the amplitude of the high level, wherein the low level amplitude and the high level amplitude are both fixed values, and the waveform data of the rising edge and the falling edge are generally linear, and the correspondence between the time and amplitude of the pulse signal can be represented by coefficients, that is, the waveform data of the rising edge and the falling edge are represented in the form of coefficients, and the coefficients of the rising edge and the falling edge are opposite, and one coefficient can be used to represent a pulse signal waveform.

[0052] As attached Figure 2 As shown, in an embodiment of the present application, an instruction processing system for a quantum computer is proposed, which is integrated in a quantum control system and is used to output waveform data of a pulse signal for outputting a spin quantum bit for manipulating the spin quantum bit, including: a state startup module 10, which is used to send a data output request according to a waveform parameter instruction sent by a host computer; wherein the waveform parameter instruction includes the starting amplitude of the rising edge and the falling edge of the pulse signal waveform, the number of amplitude repetitions, the amplitude increment and the total amount of waveform data; a data generation module 20, which is used to respond to the data output request and generate and output the waveform data of the rising edge and the falling edge of the pulse signal waveform according to the starting amplitude, the number of amplitude repetitions, the amplitude increment and the total amount of waveform data.

[0053] The instruction processing system of the present application is integrated in the lower computer or the quantum control system and is connected to the upper computer in communication. The instruction processing system includes a state startup module 10 and a data generation module 20. Among them, the working state of the state startup module 10 includes an idle state and a working state; usually an idle state, when receiving the waveform parameter instruction sent by the upper computer, it enters the working state and sends a data output request; and the data generation module 20 responds to the output request and generates specific waveform data and outputs it according to the starting amplitude of the rising edge and falling edge of the pulse signal waveform in the waveform parameter instruction, the number of amplitude repetitions, the amplitude increment and the total amount of waveform data; after the data generation module 20 outputs the waveform data, the state of the state startup module 10 is updated to an idle state until the next waveform parameter instruction sent by the upper computer is received.

[0054] As is known to all, a pulse signal is generally outputted by a digital-to-analog conversion module according to an input digital signal, and the digital signal represents the corresponding relationship between the time and amplitude of the pulse signal; in this embodiment, the waveform data outputted by the data generation module 20 is a digital signal, which is used to represent the amplitude information of the pulse signal. Among them, the waveform data of each amplitude in this embodiment is repeated multiple times and then incremented. For example, the amplitude of the first waveform data is the starting amplitude, which is incremented to the second amplitude after being repeated N times, that is, the first waveform data is repeated N times, and the amplitude of the waveform data during the repetition is always the starting amplitude; the second amplitude is repeated N times and then incremented to the third amplitude, and so on, each waveform data is repeated N times until the total amount of waveform data reaches the total amount of waveform data in the waveform parameter instruction issued by the host computer.

[0055] Reference Figure 3 The example shows a waveform data increment and repetition mode, V0 represents the starting amplitude, △V represents the amplitude increment, and the amplitude is repeated 6 times. Figure 3 It can be found that the amplitude of the waveform data increases very slowly, which is more obvious when it corresponds to the rising edge of the pulse signal. Figure 4 The dashed line shown in the figure can be used to represent the rising edge of the pulse signal. The rising edge of different pulse periods can be achieved by setting different amplitude repetition times, which can be determined based on the parameters of the pulse signal of the spin quantum bit experiment.

[0056] It should be added that the waveform data input to the digital-to-analog conversion module is as shown in the attached Figure 3 The high-resolution amplitude information shown in the figure, the sampling rate of the digital-to-analog conversion module is usually above 1G, so the accuracy of the amplitude signal of the waveform data is at the nanosecond level, showing a step-shaped pattern; and when the pulse signal output by the digital-to-analog conversion module is tested with the same resolution, its signal waveform will also be as shown in the attached figure. Figure 3 However, in the embodiment of the present application, the pulse signal is used to perform CPMG and RB experiments, and its pulse duration is in the millisecond level. When the pulse signal is tested with millisecond-level measurement accuracy, its test waveform is as follows Figure 4 A straight line in the form of a dashed line in the example.

[0057] In addition, the waveform data of the pulse signal generally includes the amplitude of the low level, the waveform parameters of the rising and falling edges, and the amplitude of the high level, wherein the low level amplitude and the high level amplitude are both fixed values. When the termination amplitude can be determined according to the starting amplitude, amplitude repetition times, amplitude increment and the total amount of waveform data in the waveform parameter instruction, the waveform data of the complete cycle of the pulse signal waveform can be obtained according to the preset high level duration; wherein, the amplitude increments of the falling and rising edges are in opposite directions, and the waveform data generation method of the rising edge is also adopted, which is generated according to the starting amplitude, amplitude repetition times, amplitude increment and the total amount of waveform data. For the amplitude information of the high level of the pulse signal, it is generally a fixed value, and the memory occupied when the upper computer sends it is very small.

[0058] In summary, the host computer sends the starting amplitude of the rising and falling edges of the pulse signal waveform, the number of amplitude repetitions, the amplitude increment and the total amount of waveform data to the instruction processing system in the form of waveform parameter instructions, and the state startup module 10 in the instruction processing system starts the conversion of the waveform parameter instructions, and then the data generation module 20 performs the specific waveform coefficient conversion work, generates and outputs the waveform data of the complete cycle of the pulse signal waveform. The waveform parameter instruction is much smaller than the waveform data volume of the complete cycle. By generating the waveform data of various pulse signal waveforms in the instruction processing system of the lower computer, the host computer avoids sending the complete waveform data of each pulse waveform, which greatly reduces the amount of data sent by the host computer module and improves the efficiency of quantum computing.

[0059] It should be added that the above Figure 1 The waveform is a trapezoidal waveform pulse signal as an example, which includes a rising edge, a falling edge, and a high-level state, where the amplitude increments of the rising edge and the falling edge are in opposite directions. For a trapezoidal waveform, the waveform parameter instruction only needs to contain the waveform data information of the rising edge and the falling edge, and the low-level amplitude and high-level amplitude of the waveform are fixed. Different amplitude repetition times and amplitude increments correspond to pulse signals with different pulse periods. It can be imagined that the waveform parameter instruction containing only the four parameters of the starting amplitude, the amplitude repetition times, the amplitude increment and the total amount of waveform data is very small, which is very convenient when sent by the host computer and does not occupy memory; moreover, when the pulse signal needs to be adjusted, the waveform parameter instruction issued can be adjusted, which is conducive to improving the efficiency of quantum computing.

[0060] In addition, the starting amplitude, amplitude repetition times, amplitude increment and total amount of waveform data for the rising edge and falling edge are defined and issued separately, so that rising edges and falling edges with different slopes can be realized according to the specific experimental definition.

[0061] In a quantum computer, both the host computer module and the slave computer module operate according to a preset working clock; the instruction processing system also has a working clock frequency, that is, the data generation module 20 outputs waveform data according to the preset working clock frequency, wherein the derivative of the working clock frequency is the clock period of the data generation module 20, and the data generation module 20 outputs a first amount of waveform data in each clock period.

[0062] In this embodiment, the first quantity is equal to the quotient of the sampling rate of the signal generation module and the working clock frequency of the data generation module 20, wherein the clock cycle and the working clock frequency are in a derivative relationship; the signal generation module is used to output a corresponding pulse signal according to the waveform data. Specifically, the waveform data output by the data generation module 20 is sent to the signal generation module, which is converted into a specific pulse signal and output by the signal generation module. The signal generation module can use a DAC. For the signal generation module, it has a preset sampling rate, and the first quantity of waveform data output by the data generation module 20 in a single clock cycle needs to match the number of sampling points of the signal generation module.

[0063] For example, the sampling rate of the signal generating module is 1 GHz, and the working clock frequency of the data generating module 20 is 100 MHz. Therefore, the data generating module 20 needs to output 10 waveform data as the sampling points of the signal generating module in each clock cycle, which is used to match the number of sampling points of the data generating module 20 and the signal generating module to ensure the accuracy of the pulse signal output by the signal generating module.

[0064] When the data generation module 20 works according to the received waveform parameter instruction, the data generation module 20 is specifically used to generate waveform data of several amplitudes in sequence according to the amplitude increment, the starting amplitude, and the number of amplitude repetitions; wherein the waveform data of each amplitude is repeatedly generated according to the number of repetitions. Specifically, for the signal parameters of each pulse signal that needs to be applied to the spin quantum bit, the host computer determines it according to the task when receiving the quantum computing task, that is, determines the starting amplitude and the ending amplitude of each pulse signal in the host computer; then determines the number of times each amplitude needs to be repeated and the amplitude increment between adjacent amplitudes according to the pulse period of the pulse signal, and the pulse signal waveform of different pulse periods can be determined.

[0065] The host computer determines the total amount of waveform data contained in the rising edge waveform and the falling edge waveform according to the starting amplitude, the ending amplitude, the number of amplitude repetitions and the amplitude increment, and sends the total amount of waveform data to the data generation module 20, and the data generation module 20 generates the corresponding amount of waveform data. For example, if the starting amplitude is 0mv, the amplitude increment is 10mv, the ending amplitude is 2000mv, and the number of repetitions of each amplitude is 10 times, then the total amount of waveform data of the rising edge is 2000. The data generation module 20 outputs 10 waveform data in each clock cycle according to the working clock frequency, and outputs a total of 2000 waveform data, which can ensure that the ending amplitude is 2000mv.

[0066] When the data generation module 20 generates and outputs waveform data, the working state is determined according to the number of amplitude repetitions and the first quantity. It can be understood that the data generation module 20 outputs the first number of waveform data in each clock cycle; and each waveform data has a number of repetitions, that is, the waveform data generated by the data generation module 20 in one clock cycle may be of the same amplitude or different amplitudes, which needs to be determined according to the number of amplitude repetitions and the first quantity. In the embodiment of the present application, according to the comparative relationship between the number of amplitude repetitions and the first quantity, the data generation module 20 generates and outputs waveform data according to different working states, thereby improving the generation efficiency of waveform data and thus improving the efficiency of quantum computing.

[0067] In one embodiment, when the number of amplitude repetitions is the same as the first number, the data generation module 20 is in the first working state. When the data generation module 20 is in the first working state, waveform data of the number of amplitude repetitions is output in each clock cycle. It is understandable that when the number of amplitude repetitions is the same as the first number, the data generation module 20 generates the first number of waveform data of the same amplitude in each clock cycle, matching the number of amplitude repetitions; in the next clock cycle, waveform data of the next amplitude of the first number is generated. In this working state, the data generation module 20 has a simple working mode, and the waveform data generation and output efficiency is high, which is conducive to improving the efficiency of the output pulse signal, thereby improving the efficiency of quantum computing.

[0068] Attach Figure 5 As an example, the waveform data generated by the data generation module 20 when the number of amplitude repetitions is the same as the first number is described. The 1-10 in the left column indicates that the data generation module 20 outputs 10 waveform data in a single clock cycle, that is, the first number; the 6 columns on the right are the waveform data output by the data generation module 20, where the number of amplitude repetitions is also 10. The 10 in the first column is the starting amplitude, and the amplitude increment is 10. The waveform data of each amplitude is repeated 10 times in each clock cycle, which is exactly equal to the first number; the corresponding waveform data can be generated according to the amplitude increment in each clock cycle.

[0069] In another embodiment, when the number of amplitude repetitions is greater than the first number, the data generation module 20 is in the second working state or the third working state. Specifically, when the data generation module 20 is in the second working state, the data generation module 20 outputs waveform data of the same amplitude whose number is an integer multiple of the first number; when the data generation module 20 is in the third working state, the data generation module 20 outputs the remaining number of waveform data to the number of amplitude repetitions.

[0070] It can be understood that the amount of waveform data generated by the data generation module 20 in each clock cycle is a fixed first number. When the number of amplitude repetitions is greater than the first number, the waveform data of the same amplitude cannot be fully output within a number of clock cycles, and only the first number of waveform data of the same amplitude can be output. It is necessary to continue to output the remaining number of waveform data of the amplitude in the next clock cycle, and the working state of the data generation module 20 is divided into the second working state and the third working state in turn.

[0071] Specifically, when the data generation module 20 is in the second working state, the waveform data outputted in several clock cycles have the same amplitude; when the data generation module 20 is in the third working state, it outputs the remaining number of waveform data of the amplitude in one clock cycle. Therefore, when the data generation module 20 generates the current number of waveform data of the same amplitude in each clock cycle, it determines whether the remaining number of waveform data of the amplitude is greater than the first number. When it is greater than the first number, it enters the second working state and outputs the first number of waveform data of the amplitude in the next clock cycle; when the remaining number is less than the first number, it enters the third working state and outputs the remaining number of waveform data of the amplitude in the next clock cycle.

[0072] When performing a specific test task, the pulse time of the pulse signal is relatively long, the amplitude is repeated many times and needs to be adjusted at will. By dividing the working state of the data generation module 20 into a second working state and a third working state, and outputting waveform data of corresponding amplitudes in the corresponding state, the continuity and accuracy of the waveform data output by the data generation module 20 are ensured, thereby improving the accuracy of the pulse signal and the accuracy of quantum computing.

[0073] Attach Figure 6As an example, the waveform data generated by the data generation module 20 when the number of amplitude repetitions is greater than the first number is described. 1-10 in the left column indicates that the data generation module 20 outputs 10 waveform data in a single clock cycle, that is, the first number; the 7 columns on the right are the waveform data output by the data generation module 20, where the number of amplitude repetitions is 13 times. 10 in the first column is the starting amplitude, and the amplitude increment is 10. In the first clock cycle and the fifth clock cycle, the data generation module 20 is in the second working state, and the output waveform data has the same amplitude; the remaining clock cycles are in the third working state, and the amplitudes of the output waveform data are different, with amplitude increments.

[0074] In addition, Figure 6 This is only a partial example. After the 7th column of waveform data, there are also waveform data that are not shown. In specific implementation, it needs to be determined based on the total amount of waveform data.

[0075] It should be noted that the attached Figure 6 This is only an example of an amplitude repetition number of 13, and the amplitude repetition number can be 16 times, or 23 times, or other more times. Regardless of how many times it is repeated, the second working state or the third working state is entered according to the relationship between the amplitude repetition number and the integer multiple of the first number to output the waveform data of each amplitude. Among them, when the data generation module 20 generates the waveform data of the same amplitude of the current number in each clock cycle, it will determine whether the remaining number of the waveform data of the amplitude is an integer multiple of the first number, and enter the second working state or the third working state according to the judgment result.

[0076] As mentioned above, the data generation module 20 outputs a first quantity of waveform data in each clock cycle. When the quantity of waveform data to be output in the last clock cycle is less than the first quantity, the data generation module 20 is also used to supplement the waveform data of the preset amplitude to the first quantity in the last clock cycle based on the total amount of waveform data.

[0077] For example, the sampling rate of the signal generation module is 1GHz, and the number of waveform data output in each clock cycle is 10. When the total amount of waveform data of the rising edge sent by the host computer is 200, since the number of waveform data output in each clock cycle is 10, the data generation module 20 can just output 200 waveform data in the first 20 clock cycles, and there is no need to supplement the waveform data at this time, and it can be directly output. When the total number of waveform data of the rising edge is 204, that is, the data generation module 20 needs to output 200 waveform data in the first 20 clock cycles, and output the last 4 waveform data in the 21st clock cycle. Obviously, the waveform data output in the 21st clock cycle does not meet the number of 10, so it is necessary to continue to supplement 6 waveform data. Among them, the amplitude of the supplemented 6 waveform data can be a fixed value or a preset amplitude, which can be set according to specific scenarios and requirements.

[0078] In addition, the preset amplitude of the waveform data to be supplemented is generally sent by the host computer to the data generation module 20. When the data generation module 20 determines that the sampling point data needs to be supplemented, the data generation module 20 supplements it according to the preset amplitude.

[0079] Attach Figure 7 As an example, the waveform data generated by the data generation module 20 is illustrated, and the 1-10 in the left column indicate that the data generation module 20 outputs 10 waveform data in a single clock cycle, i.e., the first quantity; the 7 columns on the right are the waveform data output by the data generation module 20, wherein 10 in the first column is the starting amplitude, the amplitude increment is 10, the amplitude is repeated 13 times, and the total number of waveform data is 65. If the amount of waveform data with an amplitude of 50 output in the last clock cycle is less than 10, then 5 waveform data need to be supplemented, and the preset amplitude of the supplemented waveform data is set to 10.

[0080] In the embodiment of the present application, the state startup module 10 and the data generation module 20 are both functional modules integrated in the FPGA. By integrating the state startup module 10 and the data generation module 20 in the FPGA and communicating with the host computer, the corresponding waveform data is generated according to the waveform parameter instruction issued by the host computer and sent to the signal generation module; and the waveform parameter instruction can be adjusted in real time according to the control needs, and the waveform data of the pulse signal of various requirements can be output. Among them, the signal generation module can use DAC, communicate with the data generation module 20 in the FPGA, and output the corresponding pulse waveform according to the received waveform data.

[0081] In summary, the data generation module 20 outputs each waveform data in multiple working states according to the starting amplitude, amplitude repetition times, amplitude increment and total amount of waveform data in the received waveform parameter instruction, and according to the first number of waveform data output in each clock cycle until the total number of waveform data reaches the total amount of waveform data.

[0082] In the above embodiments and drawings, the waveform data generation of the rising edge of the pulse signal is mainly described as an example. The waveform data of the falling edge is generated in the same way as the rising edge. The waveform data of the falling edge is also generated according to the starting amplitude, amplitude repetition times, amplitude increment and total amount of waveform data in the waveform parameter instruction. The complete waveform data of the pulse waveform is then determined based on the amplitude and duration of the high level of the pulse signal.

[0083] As attached Figure 8 As shown, based on the same application concept, the embodiment of the present application also provides an instruction processing method for a quantum computer, which is used to output waveform data of a pulse signal for manipulating a spin quantum bit, comprising the following steps:

[0084] Step S10: Send a data output request according to the waveform parameter instruction sent by the host computer; wherein the waveform parameter instruction includes the starting amplitude of the rising edge and the falling edge of the pulse signal waveform, the number of amplitude repetitions, the amplitude increment and the total amount of waveform data.

[0085] Step S20: Respond to the data output request and generate and output the waveform data of the rising and falling edges of the pulse signal waveform according to the starting amplitude, the number of amplitude repetitions, the amplitude increment and the total amount of waveform data.

[0086] As attached Fig. 9 As shown, based on the same application concept, an embodiment of the present application also provides a quantum control system for a quantum computer, characterized in that it includes an instruction processing system 2, a host computer system 1, and a signal generating system 3 as described above; the host computer system 1 is used to receive quantum computing tasks and issue corresponding waveform parameter instructions; the instruction processing system 2 is used to output waveform data of a pulse signal according to the waveform parameter instructions; the signal generating system 3 is used to output a corresponding pulse signal according to the waveform data.

[0087] In addition, the quantum control system for a quantum computer in the embodiment of the present application also uses the above-mentioned instruction processing method to output waveform data of the pulse signal.

[0088] The quantum computing task is received by the host computer system 1, and the waveform parameter instruction of the corresponding pulse signal is determined according to the quantum computing task to be performed, and the instruction processing system 2 in the lower computer generates waveform data of various pulse signal waveforms, and the corresponding pulse signal is output by the signal generation system 3; avoiding the host computer system 1 from sending the complete waveform data of each pulse waveform, greatly reducing the amount of data sent by the host computer system 1, and improving the efficiency of quantum computing.

[0089] Based on the same application concept, an embodiment of the present application also provides a quantum computer, including the above-mentioned quantum control system and a quantum processor, and the quantum processor performs quantum computing based on the pulse signal output by the quantum control system.

[0090] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example" or "specific example" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification.

[0091] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present application and do not have any limiting effect on the present application. Any technical personnel in the relevant technical field, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present application, may make any form of equivalent replacement or modification to the technical solution and technical content disclosed in the present application, which shall be deemed as the content of the technical solution of the present application and still fall within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An instruction processing system for a quantum computer, used to output waveform data of a pulse signal for manipulating a quantum bit, characterized in that: include: A state start module, used to send a data output request according to a waveform parameter instruction sent by a host computer; wherein the waveform parameter instruction includes the starting amplitude of the rising edge and the falling edge of the pulse signal waveform, the number of amplitude repetitions, the amplitude increment and the total amount of waveform data; The data generation module is used to respond to the data output request and generate and output the waveform data of the rising edge and falling edge of the pulse signal waveform according to the starting amplitude, the number of amplitude repetitions, the amplitude increment and the total amount of waveform data.

2. The instruction processing system for a quantum computer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data generation module outputs a first amount of waveform data per clock cycle.

3. The instruction processing system for a quantum computer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first quantity is equal to the quotient of the sampling rate of the signal generating module and the working clock frequency of the data generating module, wherein the clock period and the working clock frequency are in a derivative relationship; the signal generating module is used to output a corresponding pulse signal according to the waveform data.

4. The instruction processing system for a quantum computer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data generation module is specifically used to generate waveform data of several amplitudes in sequence according to the amplitude increment, the starting amplitude, and the amplitude repetition times; wherein the waveform data of each amplitude is repeatedly generated according to the amplitude repetition times.

5. The instruction processing system for a quantum computer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The data generation module is used to determine the working state according to the amplitude repetition times and the first quantity.

6. The instruction processing system for a quantum computer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The amplitude repetition number is the same as the first number, and the data generation module is in a first working state.

7. The instruction processing system for a quantum computer according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the data generation module is in the first working state, the waveform data of the amplitude repetition number is output in each clock cycle.

8. The instruction processing system for a quantum computer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The amplitude repetition number is greater than the first number, and the data generation module is in the second working state or the third working state.

9. The instruction processing system for a quantum computer according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the data generation module is in the second working state, the data generation module outputs waveform data with the same amplitude in a quantity that is an integer multiple of the first quantity.

10. The instruction processing system for a quantum computer according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the data generation module is in the third working state, the data generation module outputs the remaining amount of waveform data to the amplitude repetition number.

11. The instruction processing system for a quantum computer according to claim 8, characterized in that: The data generation module is further used to supplement the waveform data of a preset amplitude to the first quantity in the last clock cycle according to the total amount of the waveform data.

12. A method for processing instructions for a quantum computer, for outputting waveform data of a pulse signal for manipulating a quantum bit, characterized in that: include: Sending a data output request according to the waveform parameter instruction sent by the host computer; wherein the waveform parameter instruction includes the starting amplitude of the rising edge and the falling edge of the pulse signal waveform, the number of amplitude repetitions, the amplitude increment and the total amount of waveform data; In response to a data output request and based on the starting amplitude, the number of amplitude repetitions, the amplitude increment and the total amount of waveform data, the waveform data of the rising edge and the falling edge of the pulse signal waveform are generated and output.

13. A quantum control system for a quantum computer, characterized in that: It comprises the instruction processing system, the host computer system, and the signal generating system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11; The host computer system is used to receive quantum computing tasks and issue corresponding waveform parameter instructions; The instruction processing system is used to output waveform data of the pulse signal according to the waveform parameter instruction; The signal generating system is used to output a corresponding pulse signal according to the waveform data; or The instruction processing method according to claim 12 is used to output the waveform data of the pulse signal.

14. A quantum computer, characterized in that: The invention comprises the quantum control system and a quantum processor as claimed in claim 13, wherein the quantum processor performs quantum calculation based on the pulse signal output by the quantum control system.

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