Comprehensive control method for controlling ostrinia nubilalis by using trichogramma chilonis

Abstract

The invention discloses a comprehensive prevention and control method for preventing and controlling ostrinia nubilalis by using trichogramma chilonis, and relates to the field of biological prevention and control of agricultural pests, in particular to the comprehensive prevention and control method for preventing and controlling the ostrinia nubilalis by using the trichogramma chilonis. The invention aims to solve the problems that the existing biological control effect is poor and accurate release cannot be realized. The method comprises the following steps: 1, breeding trichogramma chilonis; 2, manufacturing bee cards; 3, the unmanned aerial vehicle is adopted to conduct release twice according to the set route and release amount; 4, field management. The method is used for comprehensive control of corn borers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of biological control of agricultural pests, and in particular to an integrated control method for controlling corn borers by utilizing Trichogramma tatarica. Background Art

[0002] Corn borer is one of the most important pests in corn production. Its larvae will eat corn stalks, leaves, tassels and ears. In the corn heart leaf stage, the larvae will eat the heart leaves, causing rows of small holes to appear after the leaves unfold, which is called "mosaic leaves"; in the ear stage, the larvae will bore into the stalks, destroying the plant's conductive tissues, resulting in poor plant growth, and in severe cases, causing the corn stems to break and fall. At the same time, the larvae eat the female ears, which will affect the fruit setting rate and grain quality of corn, causing serious yield losses. At present, the main methods for preventing and controlling corn borers are chemical control and biological control; chemical control has problems such as pesticide residues and environmental pollution, while biological control has the advantages of environmental protection and sustainability. Trichogrammatis tataricus is one of the important natural enemies of corn borers, and the use of trichogrammatis tataricus to control corn borers has broad application prospects. Trichogrammatis is an egg parasitic wasp that can lay its eggs inside the eggs of corn borers. Adult trichogrammatids detect the location of corn borer eggs through the olfactory sensors on their antennae. When corn borer eggs are found, the female bee will use the ovipositor to pierce the egg shell and lay her own eggs inside. After the trichogrammatid eggs hatch inside the corn borer eggs, they use the contents of the corn borer eggs as nutrition to grow and develop. As the larvae of trichogrammatids grow, they will gradually consume the nutrients in the corn borer eggs, making it impossible for the corn borer eggs to hatch normally, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the corn borer population. Generally speaking, a trichogrammatid can parasitize multiple corn borer eggs. Under suitable conditions, the parasitism rate of trichogrammatids can reach a high level, effectively inhibiting the reproduction of corn borers.

[0003] To achieve effective prevention and control of target pests by trichogrammatids, they need to be accurately released into the area where the pests occur. However, in actual operations, it is difficult to achieve accurate release due to the complex field environment and uneven distribution of pests. Meteorological conditions such as wind direction and wind speed will also affect the spread direction and speed of trichogrammatids, increasing the uncertainty of release. The timing of the release of trichogrammatids is also crucial and needs to match the growth and development stage of the target pests; if released too early, the trichogrammatids may die due to lack of hosts; if released too late, the pests have already caused serious harm and the prevention and control effect is greatly reduced. Accurately predicting the occurrence period and amount of pests is the key to determining the timing of the release of trichogrammatids, but the occurrence of pests is affected by many factors, such as climate, crop growth conditions, etc., making prediction difficult. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve the problem that the existing biological control effect is poor and accurate release cannot be achieved, and provides a comprehensive control method for controlling corn borer by using Trichogramma tatarica.

[0005] A comprehensive control method for controlling corn borer using Trichogramma tatarica is specifically carried out according to the following steps:

[0006] 1. Reproduction of Trichogramma serrata: Disinfect tussah eggs and Trichogramma serrata seed bees respectively, and when the emergence rate of Trichogramma serrata seed bees reaches 20-30%, inoculate the Trichogramma serrata seed bees into tussah eggs at a ratio of bee to egg of (7-9):5, and remove the adult bees on the tussah eggs after the inoculation after 38-42 hours; parasitize and reproduce under the conditions of temperature of 25-28°C, relative humidity of 70-80%, and photoperiod of 14-16h light / 8-10h dark, to obtain Trichogramma serrata;

[0007] 2. Select Trichogramma chinensis with a parasitism rate of more than 85%, an emergence rate of more than 85%, an average number of bees laid from a single egg of 80 to 100, a weak bee rate of less than 3%, and a green egg rate of less than 5% to make bee cards, and the effective bee quantity of each bee card reaches 1,000; fix the bee card in the bee ball of Trichogramma chinensis;

[0008] 3. Determine the release time, and use drones to release twice according to the set route and release amount, with an interval of 6 to 7 days between the two releases;

[0009] 4. Field management.

[0010] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0011] The invention uses a drone to release twice according to the set route and release amount, and has obvious advantages in combination with the bee ball. The positioning mark and stable structure of the bee ball enable it to accurately land at the predetermined position and remain stable after being dropped into the field by the drone, and is not easily displaced by factors such as wind and collision, thus ensuring the accuracy of the release location.

[0012] Moreover, the rain cover, stable sphere and other designs of the bee ball can protect the bee colony in the field, no matter it is hot and dry or cold and humid weather. During the interval between two releases, the Trichogrammatid wasps in the bee ball can be protected from the direct impact of bad weather, maintain a good living state, and wait to continue to play a preventive and control role in the future.

[0013] The present invention utilizes trichogrammatid wasps to control corn borer, has the advantages of environmental protection, pollution-free, sustainable, etc., and does not produce pesticide residues and environmental pollution problems. Through reasonable release time, release quantity and release method, the host can be accurately found, the parasitism rate of trichogrammatid wasps to corn borer can be increased, and the occurrence of corn borer can be effectively controlled. Combined with agricultural measures for auxiliary prevention and control, the control effect of corn borer can be further improved, and the ecological environment of farmland can be improved at the same time. The method of the present invention is simple to operate, low in cost, and suitable for large-scale promotion and application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bee ball of Trichogramma lutea;

[0015] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of a sphere. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] Specific implementation method 1: This implementation method uses a comprehensive control method of corn borer using Trichogramma tataricum to control corn borer, which is specifically carried out according to the following steps:

[0017] 1. Reproduction of Trichogramma serrata: Disinfect tussah eggs and Trichogramma serrata seed bees respectively, and when the emergence rate of Trichogramma serrata seed bees reaches 20-30%, inoculate the Trichogramma serrata seed bees into tussah eggs at a ratio of bee to egg of (7-9):5, and remove the adult bees on the tussah eggs after the inoculation after 38-42 hours; parasitize and reproduce under the conditions of temperature of 25-28°C, relative humidity of 70-80%, and photoperiod of 14-16h light / 8-10h dark, to obtain Trichogramma serrata;

[0018] 2. Select Trichogramma chinensis with a parasitism rate of more than 85%, an emergence rate of more than 85%, an average number of bees laid from a single egg of 80 to 100, a weak bee rate of less than 3%, and a green egg rate of less than 5% to make bee cards, and the effective bee quantity of each bee card reaches 1,000; fix the bee card in the bee ball of Trichogramma chinensis;

[0019] 3. Determine the release time, and use drones to release twice according to the set route and release amount, with an interval of 6 to 7 days between the two releases;

[0020] 4. Field management.

[0021] The field management of this embodiment includes: avoiding the use of chemical pesticides, especially pesticides that are highly toxic to trichogrammatids, for a period of time before and after releasing bees. If pesticides must be used, biological pesticides with low toxicity to trichogrammatids should be selected or used before trichogrammatids emerge, and the dosage and concentration of pesticides should be strictly controlled. Maintain good ventilation and light conditions in the corn field, remove weeds and residual plants in the field in time, and reduce the habitat and breeding environment of corn borers. Reasonable fertilization and irrigation promote the healthy growth of corn plants and enhance the resistance of corn to corn borers.

[0022] Specific implementation method 2: This implementation method is different from specific implementation method 1 in that the bee card described in step 2 is made by bonding the bee eggs to the card with an adhesive. The rest is the same as specific implementation method 1.

[0023] Specific implementation method three: The difference between this implementation method and specific implementation method one is that: in step 2, the yellow-eyed bee ball of the borer is composed of a sphere 1, a positioning mark 2, an outer ring 3 and a rain cover 4; the sphere is composed of an upper cover 1-1, a lower cover 1-2, a convex shaft 1-3, a partition 1-4 and a ball bottom counterweight 1-5; the ball bottom counterweight 1-5 is arranged at the bottom of the lower cover 1-2; the partition 1-4 is arranged at the upper port of the lower cover 1-2; the center position of the partition 1-4 is concave to form a bee card accommodating chamber, and the bottom of the bee card accommodating chamber is Several air holes are provided; several ventilation holes 1-6 are provided on the side wall above the bottom counterweight 1-5 of the ball in the lower cover 1-2; several bee openings 1-7 are provided on the side wall of the upper cover 1-1; a pair of convex shafts 1-3 are symmetrically provided at the circumferential position corresponding to the diameter of the sphere 1, the sphere 1 is connected to the shaft hole of the outer ring 3 through the convex shafts 1-3, the sphere 1 rotates relative to the outer ring 3 and remains horizontal; the bottom end of the outer ring 3 is vertically connected to a positioning mark 2, the bottom end of the positioning mark 2 is a counterweight block; the upper end of the outer ring 3 is fixed with a rain cover 4. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.

[0024] In this embodiment, the rain cover can prevent rainwater from directly washing the inside of the bee ball, avoiding the death or damage of the eggs or larvae of the trichogrammatid bees due to being soaked by rainwater, ensuring that the trichogrammatid bees can hatch and grow normally under various weather conditions, maintaining the number and activity of the bee colony, and helping to continuously and effectively prevent and control corn borers.

[0025] The spherical structure composed of the upper cover and the lower cover of this embodiment is relatively strong, which can resist the external force collision or extrusion that may be received during field operation, protect the internal bee card and trichogrammatid bees from damage, and ensure that the trichogrammatid bees can survive smoothly and play a preventive role. The side wall above the counterweight at the bottom of the ball in the lower cover is provided with ventilation holes, and the side wall of the upper cover is also provided with bee openings. These ventilation structures can ensure the air circulation inside the bee ball, provide sufficient oxygen for the yellow-eyed trichogrammatid bees, and maintain their normal life activities and growth and development. At the same time, good ventilation conditions also help to regulate the temperature and humidity inside the bee ball, so that it is in an environmental state suitable for the survival of the yellow-eyed trichogrammatid bees; the bee card accommodating chamber formed by the concave center position of the partition provides a special placement space for the bee card, which is convenient for the attachment and hatching of the eggs of the yellow-eyed trichogrammatid bees. The several pores at the bottom of the chamber can allow air to circulate better around the bee card, further providing a suitable gas environment for the growth of the trichogrammatid bees.

[0026] The sphere of this embodiment is connected to the outer ring shaft hole through a convex shaft, and can rotate relative to the outer ring and remain horizontal. This design allows the bee ball to automatically adjust its direction when placed in the field according to the wind direction or other natural factors, ensuring that the bee mouth is always in a more suitable position, so that the yellow-eyed wasp can find the eggs of corn borer for parasitism more quickly and accurately after flying out of the bee ball, thereby improving the parasitism efficiency and prevention effect; the positioning mark vertically connected to the bottom end of the outer ring has a trapezoidal counterweight at the bottom, which can make the bee ball more stable when placed in the field, and is not easily blown down or moved by the wind, ensuring that the bee ball can be accurately placed in a predetermined position, which is conducive to the yellow-eyed wasp to prevent and control corn borer in a specific area; using drones for delivery can achieve rapid and uniform deployment in a large area of ​​corn fields, improving the efficiency and coverage of delivery, and can better meet the prevention and control needs of large-scale corn planting areas.

[0027] Specific embodiment 4: This embodiment is different from specific embodiment 3 in that the length of the positioning mark 2 is twice the diameter of the sphere 1. Other aspects are the same as those of specific embodiment 3.

[0028] Specific implementation method 5: This implementation method is different from specific implementation method 3 in that the counterweight block is a trapezoidal counterweight block. The rest is the same as specific implementation method 3.

[0029] Specific implementation example 6: This implementation example is different from the specific implementation example 3 in that the upper cover (1-1) and the lower cover (1-2) are connected by threads. The rest is the same as the specific implementation example 3.

[0030] Specific implementation method 7: This implementation method is different from specific implementation method 1 in that: the release timing described in step 3 is to determine the residual insect quantity and development progress of the first generation corn borer through field survey; the time of adult emergence is calculated from the mature pupation of the first generation larvae; egg laying begins within 1 to 3 days after emergence, and the peak egg laying period is 3 to 7 days after emergence, and the early egg laying period is determined as the release timing of the trichogrammatid. The rest is the same as specific implementation method 1.

[0031] Specific implementation eight: This implementation differs from specific implementation one in that: in step three, the one-time release is to observe whether there are corn borer egg masses on the front and back sides of corn leaves, leaf sheaths, and female ear bracts according to field surveys; the number of egg masses on each corn plant is counted, the egg mass density is calculated, and two groups of corn borer high-incidence plots are selected as release points. The rest is the same as specific implementation one.

[0032] Specific implementation method 9: This implementation method is different from specific implementation method 1 in that: in step 3, two release points are set for each mu of secondary release. The 20th ridge from the edge of the bee field is the first bee ridge. The first release point is 12 to 14 meters inside the first bee ridge, and the second release point is 12 to 14 meters forward along the ridge. This is analogous to the end of the field, and the second bee ridge is 40 ridges below the first release ridge. The rest is the same as specific implementation method 1.

[0033] Specific implementation method 10: This implementation method is different from specific implementation method 1 in that: in step 3, when the weather is hot and dry, the release time is 7 to 10 am or 4 to 6 pm; when the weather is cold and humid, the release time is 8:30 to 11:30 am. Other aspects are the same as specific implementation method 1.

[0034] The following examples are used to verify the beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0035] Embodiment 1:

[0036] In a corn planting area with an area of ​​100 mu, the method of the present invention is used to control corn borers.

[0037] The integrated control method of using Trichogramma tatarica to control corn borer is specifically carried out in the following steps:

[0038] 1. Reproduction of Trichogramma serrata: Disinfect tussah eggs and Trichogramma serrata seed bees respectively, and when the emergence rate of Trichogramma serrata seed bees reaches 20-30%, inoculate the Trichogramma serrata seed bees into tussah eggs at a ratio of bee to egg of (7-9):5, and remove the adult bees on the tussah eggs after the inoculation after 38-42 hours; parasitize and reproduce under the conditions of temperature of 25-28°C, relative humidity of 70-80%, and photoperiod of 14-16h light / 8-10h dark, to obtain Trichogramma serrata;

[0039] 2. Select Trichogramma chinensis with a parasitism rate of more than 85%, an emergence rate of more than 85%, an average number of bees laid from a single egg of 80 to 100, a weak bee rate of less than 3%, and a green egg rate of less than 5% to make bee cards, and the effective bee quantity of each bee card reaches 1,000; fix the bee card in the bee ball of Trichogramma chinensis;

[0040] 3. Determine the residual amount and development progress of the first generation of corn borers through field surveys; calculate the time of adult emergence from the aging and pupation of the first generation of larvae; start laying eggs within 1 to 3 days after emergence, and the peak period of egg-laying is 3 to 7 days after emergence. Determine the early egg-laying period as the time to release trichogrammatids, and use drones to release them twice according to the set route and release amount, with an interval of 6 to 7 days; when the weather is hot and dry, the release time is 7 to 10 in the morning or 4 to 6 in the afternoon; when the weather is cold and humid, the release time is 8:30 to 11:30 in the morning; the corn planting density is 4,000 plants per mu, and the field is kept suitable. Ventilation and light transmission conditions; First release: According to field investigation, observe whether there are corn borer egg masses on the front and back sides of corn leaves, leaf sheaths and female ear bracts; count the number of egg masses on each corn plant, calculate the egg mass density, and select two groups of corn borer high-incidence plots as release points; Second release: set up 2 release points per mu, starting from the edge ridge of the bee field, the 20th ridge is the first bee ridge, and the first release point is 12 to 14 meters inside the first bee ridge, and the second release point is 12 to 14 meters forward along the ridge, and so on to the end of the field, and then the second bee ridge is 40 ridges below the first release ridge.

[0041] Remove field weeds promptly to reduce the host plants of corn borers.

[0042] After corn is harvested, the corn stalks are crushed and returned to the field to reduce the number of corn borers that overwinter in the stalks.

[0043] Monitoring and Evaluation:

[0044] During the corn growth period, the occurrence of corn borer and the parasitism rate of Trichogramma tataricum were monitored every 10 days.

[0045] According to the monitoring results, the effect of using Trichogramma tatarica to control corn borer was evaluated. According to the evaluation, the control effect of corn borer in the corn planting area reached more than 85%, effectively controlling the occurrence of corn borer.

Claims

1. A comprehensive control method for controlling corn borer using Trichogramma tataricum, characterized in that The integrated control method of using Trichogramma tatarica to control corn borer is specifically carried out in the following steps:

1. Reproduction of Trichogramma serrata: Disinfect tussah eggs and Trichogramma serrata seed bees respectively, and when the emergence rate of Trichogramma serrata seed bees reaches 20-30%, inoculate the Trichogramma serrata seed bees into tussah eggs at a ratio of bee to egg of (7-9):5, and remove the adult bees on the tussah eggs after the inoculation after 38-42 hours; parasitize and reproduce under the conditions of temperature of 25-28°C, relative humidity of 70-80%, and photoperiod of 14-16h light / 8-10h dark, to obtain Trichogramma serrata; 2. Select Trichogramma chinensis with a parasitism rate of more than 85%, an emergence rate of more than 85%, an average number of bees laid from a single egg of 80 to 100, a weak bee rate of less than 3%, and a green egg rate of less than 5% to make bee cards, and the effective bee quantity of each bee card reaches 1,000; fix the bee card in the bee ball of Trichogramma chinensis; 3. Determine the release time, and use drones to release twice according to the set route and release amount, with an interval of 6 to 7 days between the two releases; 4. Field management.

2. The integrated control method for controlling corn borer using Trichogramma tatarica according to claim 1, characterized in that Step 2: The bee card is made by bonding the bee eggs to the card using an adhesive.

3. The integrated control method for controlling corn borer using Trichogramma tataricum according to claim 1, characterized in that Step 2: The Trichogramma lutea bee ball is composed of a sphere (1), a positioning mark (2), an outer ring (3) and a rain cover (4); the sphere is composed of an upper cover (1-1), a lower cover (1-2), a convex shaft (1-3), a partition (1-4) and a ball bottom counterweight (1-5); the ball bottom counterweight (1-5) is arranged at the bottom of the lower cover (1-2); the partition (1-4) is arranged at the upper end of the lower cover (1-2); the center position of the partition (1-4) is concave to form a bee card accommodating chamber, and the bottom of the bee card accommodating chamber is provided with a plurality of air holes; the lower cover (1-2) A plurality of ventilation holes (1-6) are provided on the side wall above the inner ball bottom counterweight (1-5); a plurality of bee openings (1-7) are provided on the side wall of the upper cover (1-1); a pair of convex shafts (1-3) are symmetrically arranged at circumferential positions corresponding to the diameter of the sphere (1); the sphere (1) is connected to the shaft hole of the outer ring (3) through the convex shafts (1-3); the sphere (1) rotates relative to the outer ring (3) and remains horizontal; a positioning mark (2) is vertically connected to the bottom end of the outer ring (3); the bottom end of the positioning mark (2) is a trapezoidal counterweight block; a rain cover (4) is fixed to the upper end of the outer ring (3).

4. The integrated control method for controlling corn borer using Trichogramma tataricum according to claim 3, characterized in that The length of the positioning mark (2) is twice the diameter of the sphere (1).

5. The integrated control method for controlling corn borer using Trichogramma tatarica according to claim 3, characterized in that The counterweight block is a trapezoidal counterweight block.

6. The integrated control method for controlling corn borer using Trichogramma tataricum according to claim 3, characterized in that The upper cover (1-1) and the lower cover (1-2) are connected via threads.

7. The integrated control method for controlling corn borer using Trichogramma tataricum according to claim 1, characterized in that The release timing described in step three is to determine the amount of residual corn borers and the development progress of the first generation through field surveys; the adult emergence time is calculated from the aging and pupation of the first generation larvae; egg laying begins within 1 to 3 days after emergence, and the peak egg laying period is 3 to 7 days after emergence, and the early egg laying period is determined as the release timing of the trichogrammatid.

8. The integrated control method for controlling corn borer using Trichogramma tataricum according to claim 1, characterized in that One-time release in step three: Based on field surveys, observe whether there are corn borer egg masses on the front and back sides of corn leaves, leaf sheaths, and female ear bracts; count the number of egg masses on each corn plant, calculate the egg mass density, and select two groups of corn borer high-incidence plots as release points.

9. The integrated control method for controlling corn borer using Trichogramma tataricum according to claim 1, characterized in that Secondary release in step three: set up 2 release points per mu. Starting from the edge ridge of the bee field, the 20th ridge is the first bee ridge. The first release point is 12 to 14 meters inward along the first bee ridge. The second release point is 12 to 14 meters forward along the ridge. And so on to the end of the field. There is the second release point 40 ridges below the first release ridge.

10. The integrated control method for controlling corn borer using Trichogramma tataricum according to claim 1, characterized in that In step three, when the weather is hot and dry, the release time is 7 to 10 am or 4 to 6 pm; when the weather is cold and humid, the release time is 8:30 to 11:30 am.

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