Biological feed for livestock and poultry
By using pickled cabbage silage exudate as feed additives, the nutritional value and functionality of livestock and poultry feed are improved, the problems of low hydrolyzed amino acid content and excessive use of additives are solved, and the quality and growth performance of pork are significantly improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411486925.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-23
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-31
AI Technical Summary
The content of hydrolyzed amino acids in existing livestock and poultry feed is low and contains a large amount of additives, making it difficult to significantly increase the content of hydrolyzed amino acids in livestock and poultry meat and reduce the use of chemical additives.
Use pickled cabbage silage exudate as feed additive. By mixing pickled cabbage silage with mycetase for silage, collect the silage exudate and add preservatives as additives for livestock and poultry feed, the nutritional value and function of the feed are improved. sex.
It significantly improves the nutritional value of livestock and poultry feed, increases the hydrolyzed amino acid content in pork, promotes the growth and development of black pigs, improves the quality of meat, increases the fat content between muscles, improves the color and flavor of meat, and reduces the use of chemical additives.
Smart Images
Figure BDA0005098943290000051 
Figure BDA0005098943290000071
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of livestock and poultry feed, and in particular relates to a biological feed for livestock and poultry. Background Art
[0002] Studies have shown that the tail of mustard tuber (mainly mustard tuber leaves) can be used in feed after deep processing, which is beneficial to improve the nutritional value of feed.
[0003] In the prior art, document CN105124267A discloses a feed, which is made of the following raw materials by weight: 80-90 corn, 30-40 soybean meal, 10-15 bitter buckwheat powder, 4-7 chopped nuts, 3-4 meat floss, 15-20 amaranth, 5-9 fermented black beans, 3-4 garlic paste, 5-8 puffed pig skin powder, 10-13 tomato powder, 5-10 broccoli sprouts, 30-35 mustard tuber, 15-20 wild pea leaves, 1-2 black stone, 1-2 rue, 1-2 schisandra chinensis, 1-2 radish seeds, 20-30 white wine lees, 3-4 yeast, 3-4 attractants, and water. However, the feed uses fresh mustard tuber leaves for feeding cattle and is not suitable as pig feed.
[0004] Research also shows that hydrolyzed amino acids in livestock and poultry feeds are beneficial to pigs' feeding and growth. However, the content of hydrolyzed amino acids in some existing feeds is usually low, and the content of hydrolyzed amino acids in many fermentation broths does not exceed 18g / 100g. In addition, many high-nutrient feeds contain a large amount of additives. How to significantly increase the content of hydrolyzed amino acids in livestock and poultry meat and minimize the use of additives is a problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the invention
[0005] The present invention hopes to explore the potential impact of silage exudate of mustard tuber tail as a livestock and poultry biological feed additive on pig feeding efficiency and growth performance after converting it into a fermented feed widely applicable to livestock and poultry. To this end, one of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a livestock and poultry biological feed.
[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solution.
[0007] A livestock and poultry biological feed, whose main ingredients include 40-55 parts of corn, 15-20 parts of soybean meal, 20-35 parts of wheat, 4-7 parts of rice bran meal, 3-5 parts of premix, and 45-50 ml of silage liquid additive per kilogram of the main ingredients.
[0008] Preferably, the feed is used to feed medium-sized pigs, and its main ingredients are 50 parts of corn, 17 parts of soybean meal, 24 parts of wheat, 5 parts of rice bran meal, and 4 parts of premix, and 48 ml of silage liquid additive is prepared per kilogram of the main ingredients. The medium-sized pigs defined in the present invention refer to pigs weighing between 35-75 kg, and large-sized pigs refer to pigs weighing more than 75 kg.
[0009] Preferably, the feed is used for feeding large-sized pigs, and its main ingredients are 42 parts of corn, 16 parts of soybean meal, 33 parts of wheat, 5 parts of rice bran meal, and 4 parts of premix, with 48 ml of silage liquid additive prepared per kilogram of the main ingredients.
[0010] Furthermore, the silage liquid additive is prepared according to the following steps: Step 1, harvesting and chopping the mustard tuber tails to obtain the mustard tuber tail scraps; Step 2, adding bacterial enzyme to the obtained mustard tuber tail material and mixing them evenly; Step 3, ensilaging the mustard tuber tailings with added bacterial enzymes; Step 4, after the silage time meets the requirements, collecting the silage exudate, and adding a preservative to the silage exudate to obtain silage liquid; The bacterial enzyme is a mixture of 0.8-1.5 parts of Penicillium zymolyticum, 10-20 parts of Penicillium zymolyticum and 1500-2500 parts of pure water, and each raw material is calculated by weight. The raw materials for preparing the silage liquid also include salt, and the weight of the salt accounts for 0.3% of the total weight of the mustard tuber tail vegetable scraps.
[0011] Preferably, the feed is used to feed black pigs.
[0012] Preferably, the corn and wheat are made of particles with a particle size not greater than 3 mm.
[0013] Beneficial effects: The present invention significantly improves the nutritional value and functionality of livestock and poultry feed, especially can increase the content of hydrolyzed amino acids in pork to more than 25g / 100g, and can provide balanced and comprehensive nutritional support for livestock and poultry such as Fuling black pigs; the feed provided by the present invention can effectively promote the growth and development of black pigs, improve meat quality, increase intermuscular fat content, and improve meat color and flavor during the breeding process of Fuling black pigs. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0014] The technical scheme of the present invention is described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present invention. In the embodiment, Penicillium oxytoca and Penicillinase were purchased from Boyide (Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Penicillium oxytoca is a homotypic lactic acid bacterium and a heterotypic lactic acid bacterium prepared in a mass ratio of 1:1, and Penicillinase is a xylanase and a cellulase prepared in a mass ratio of 1:1. In the present invention, the premix adopts 4% compound premix feed for growing and fattening pigs (commercially available, can be purchased from the National Swine Technology Innovation Center, produced by: Guozhu (Shandong) Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), and the ingredients include ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, basic chloride, and sulfuric acid.
[0015] Example 1: A livestock and poultry biological feed for feeding medium-sized pigs (this formula is used when the pig weighs no more than 75 kg). The main ingredients are 50 parts of corn, 17 parts of soybean meal (43% CP), 24 parts of wheat, 5 parts of rice bran meal, and 4 parts of premix, in terms of weight ratio. The corn and wheat are both made of particles with a particle size of no more than 3 mm, and 48 ml of silage liquid additive is prepared for every kilogram of the main ingredients.
[0016] Example 2: A livestock and poultry biological feed for feeding large-sized pigs (this formula is used when the pig weighs more than 75 kg), the main ingredients of which are 42 parts of corn, 16 parts of soybean meal (43% CP), 33 parts of wheat, 5 parts of rice bran meal, and 4 parts of premix. The corn and wheat are both made of particles with a particle size of no more than 3 mm, and 48 ml of silage liquid additive is prepared for every kilogram of the main ingredients.
[0017] In Embodiment 1, the feeds in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 were used to feed Fuling black pigs. In Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 (Group T2), the silage liquid additives were prepared according to the following steps: Step 1: evenly feed the dried mustard tuber tails into the feeding port of the shredder, start the machine, and let the mustard tuber tails be shredded by the shredding cutter. After shredding, the mustard tuber tails will be discharged through the discharging port, and the mustard tuber tail shreds with a size of 10 mm to 20 mm (the volume of the shredded materials with a size of 10 mm to 20 mm accounts for no less than 85%) and a weight of 3 tons are collected; Step 2, dissolving the weighed amount of Penicillium zymosanus and Penicillin zymosanus in pure water, filtering and spraying evenly on the mustard tuber scraps, then adding salt to the mustard tuber scraps and mixing, the weight of the salt accounting for 0.3% of the total weight of the mustard tuber scraps; wherein, the amount of Penicillium zymosanus used is 3g, the amount of Penicillin zymosanus used is 45g, and the amount of pure water used is 6000g (6L); Step 3, after spraying the silage agent (water-soluble zymolytic bacteria and zymolytic enzyme), immediately put the mustard tuber scraps into the collection bucket and press them tightly, filling it to about 30 cm from the bucket mouth, and then seal it with plastic film, press it with tap water, and tie it tightly; Step 4, after the ensiling time meets the requirements, collect the silage exudate and add a preservative to the silage exudate; specifically, use a collection bucket (69kg / barrel) to collect the silage liquid during the ensiling process (20% of the exudate will be produced during the ensiling process, about 0.6t of silage liquid will be produced, which is the silage exudate of the mustard tuber tail; add sodium benzoate (the added amount is 0.1% of the total weight of the silage exudate of the mustard tuber tail) to the collected silage exudate of the mustard tuber tail as soon as possible, stir evenly, so that the preservative is evenly distributed in the silage liquid; then store it in a cool, ventilated and dry place, avoid direct sunlight to extend the shelf life, and set the preserved silage liquid aside (69 / L barrel).
[0018] Embodiment 2: mustard tuber tail silage exudate + quicklime group (T3 group), the difference between the silage liquid additive and the aforementioned embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 is that the same amount of quicklime is used to replace the salt.
[0019] Embodiment 3: The silage exudate group of mustard tuber tails (Group T1), the difference between the silage liquid additive and the aforementioned Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 is that the process of adding salt to the mustard tuber tails and mixing them uniformly is omitted.
[0020] Embodiment 4: The silage exudate of mustard tuber tail + pulping treatment group (T4 group). The difference between the silage liquid additive and the aforementioned embodiments 1 and 2 is that the water-soluble Penicillium pyogenes and Penicillin are sprayed on the mustard tuber tail fragments after pulping, and the process of adding salt to the mustard tuber tail fragments and mixing them is omitted.
[0021] Comparative implementation scheme, blank control group (Group C0): refer to the feed formula of the above-mentioned Examples 1 and 2, but without adding silage liquid additives.
[0022] Feeding test
[0023] Farming design: Farming experiment was carried out in Chongqing Hailin Environmental Control Pig House in Nantuo Town, Fuling District, Chongqing City, and 210 Fuling black pigs of about 80kg in May of the same age were selected (the main formula of embodiment 1 or embodiment 2 was selected according to the weight of the pig), and the pigs were fed in pens according to sows and fattening castrated boars. The experiment was randomly divided into 5 treatment groups, C0 was a blank control group, and T1, T2, T3, and T4 were 4 test groups respectively. The 5 treatment groups were respectively: C0 blank control group (granular feed, without silage exudate of mustard tuber tail), T1 silage exudate group of mustard tuber tail, T2 silage exudate of mustard tuber tail + salt group, T3 silage exudate of mustard tuber tail + quicklime group, T4 silage exudate of mustard tuber tail + beating treatment group. Wherein, C0 blank control group was directly fed with granular feed, and the test group was fed by artificially adding silage exudate of mustard tuber tail (i.e. silage liquid additive) in compound feed every day. Record the pigs' feed intake, body weight, feed-to-meat ratio, growth rate and other related indicators to evaluate the impact of feed on the production performance of fattening pigs.
[0024] Diet preparation: The diet is prepared according to the feed percentage at Hailin Pig Feed Supply Factory, and the diet is prepared in accordance with the nutritional requirements of fattening pigs in GB / T39235-2020. As shown in Table 1, the diet is prepared according to 2.5 kg of feed per head per day, consuming about 525 kg of feed and silage liquid additives per day. The average consumption of each head per day is 120 mL, and about 20 L of silage liquid additives are consumed per day. The pre-test period is 7 days, and the formal trial feeding is 59 days, a total of 66 days, with a total of about 134.65t of pellet feed and about 1330.56kg of silage liquid additives. Table 1 Feeding amount Group Number of pigs Daily feed amount (kg) Daily silage liquid addition amount (ML) C0 42 (21 males, 21 females) 105 0 T1 42 (21 males, 21 females) 105 5040 T2 42 (21 males, 21 females) 105 5040 T3 42 (21 males, 21 females) 105 5040 T4 42 (21 males, 21 females) 105 5040
[0025] Evaluating growth performance in finishing pigs According to the formula of each group, the feed ingredients were accurately weighed and mixed. According to the different growth stages of Fuling black pigs, the feeding amount and feeding frequency were reasonably determined. The weight, feed consumption and health status of black pigs were regularly recorded to evaluate the experimental effect. At the beginning and end of the experiment, the fasting individuals were weighed, and the weight gain, average daily weight gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of each pen were calculated, and the feed-to-meat ratio of the whole group was calculated, as shown in Table 2. Table 2 Effects on production performance of Fuling black pigs
[0026] As can be seen from Table 2, the daily weight gain is ranked from high to low as follows: T2 mustard tuber silage exudate + salt group, T1 mustard tuber silage exudate group, C0 blank control group (granular feed, no mustard tuber silage exudate), T4 mustard tuber silage exudate + pulping treatment group, T3 mustard tuber silage exudate + quicklime group. The T2 group had the best production performance, with a daily weight gain of 61.7g higher than that of the group without the addition of mustard tuber silage exudate, and 43.02g higher than that of the T1 group. During the trial, there was no diarrhea in the whole group. The daily feed intake of the experimental pigs was 2.7kg, and the feed-to-meat ratio of the whole group was 4.04. This indicates that the T2 mustard tuber silage exudate + salt group has the effect of improving the daily weight gain of Fuling black pigs, especially for sows. There was no diarrhea in the whole group during the trial, which indicates that the mustard tuber silage exudate as a feed additive has no negative impact on the health of Fuling black pigs.
[0027] Pork quality tasting: The test site showed high-quality pork (pork corresponding to the T2 mustard tail silage exudate + salt group) produced by pigs raised using the biological feed of the present invention, including back willow, three-line meat, plum meat, liver and other samples. Industry experts, corporate representatives, etc. were invited to conduct on-site tasting. The tasting score sheet is a 10-point system, and the higher the score, the better the quality. The statistical results are shown in Tables 3 and 4. Table 3 Summary of tasting scores project Third Line Pork belly Liver slices Willow Raw meat color 9.5 9.5 8.5 8.5 Raw meat smell 9.5 10 9 9 Raw meat feel 10 9.5 9.5 9 Cooked meat color 9.5 10 9.8 9.5 Cooked meat smell 9.5 8.9 9.5 9 Cooked meat taste 9.5 9.7 9 8.8 Overall satisfaction 9.58 9.60 9.22 8.97 Table 4 Overall satisfaction project Expert 1 Expert 2 Expert 3 Expert 4 Expert 5 average Raw meat color 8 10 8.5 9 9 8.9 Raw meat smell 9 9.5 9 9 9.5 9.2 Raw meat feel 10 9 9 9.5 9.5 9.4 Cooked meat color 9.5 9.8 9 9.5 9 9.36 Cooked meat smell 9 10 8 9 9 9 Cooked meat taste 9.5 10 9 9.5 9.8 9.56 Overall satisfaction 9.17 9.72 8.75 9.25 9.30 9.24
[0028] Industry experts commented, discussed and scored the tasting results. They all agreed that all samples of Fuling black pork tasted free of fishy or muttony smells; the fat was white, clean, powdery and translucent; the muscles of three-line pork and plum meat were bright red, without water seepage, and non-sticky, and the raw meat quality was good. After being boiled, the three-line pork and plum meat were fragrant and glutinous, sweet, and not woody after long cooking. The soup base was delicious, and the cooked meat quality was good. After stir-frying the liver, it was not fishy or woody, and the quality was good. The experts spoke highly of the quality of the pork and believed that this biological feed had a significant effect on improving the quality of pork.
[0029] Slaughter test: pigs in T1 mustard tuber silage exudate group and T2 mustard tuber silage exudate + salt group were subsequently slaughtered and analyzed. The results are shown in Table 5. Table 5 Analysis of other indicators of Fuling black pig
[0030] Conclusion of carcass weight: As P = 0.029 < 0.05, there was a significant difference in carcass weight between the T1 group and the T2 mustard tuber silage exudate + salt group, among which the carcass weight of the T2 group was significantly higher than that of the C0 group. The carcass weight increased by 10.38 kg compared with the C0 group (P < 0.05); Conclusion of total amount of hydrolyzed amino acids: As P = 0.033 < 0.05, there was a significant difference in the total amount of hydrolyzed amino acids in the Willow of the C0 group and the T2 mustard tail silage exudate + salt group, which was significantly higher than that in the C0 group. The total amount of amino acids in the Willow of the C0 group increased significantly by 3.72g / 100g (P < 0.05); Conclusion of free amino acids: Since P = 0.0012 < 0.01, there was a significant difference in the total amount of free amino acids in the willow of C0 group and T2 mustard tail silage exudate + salt group, and the total amount of amino acids in the willow of C0 group was significantly reduced by 0.033g / 100g (P < 0.01); Conclusion of free fatty acids: There was no significant difference; Conclusion of nucleotide content: From the P value, there was no significant difference in AMP and GMP between the C0 group and the T2 mustard tail silage exudate + salt group (P>0.05), but there was a significant difference in IMP (P<0.05). Compared with the C0 group, the AMP of the T2 group increased by 0.00003g / 100g (P>0.05), and the GMP and IMP decreased by 0.0044g / 100g (P>0.05) and 0.0264g / 100g (P<0.05), respectively.
[0031] The feed in the embodiment can significantly improve the nutritional value and functionality of livestock and poultry feed, especially can increase the content of hydrolyzed amino acids in pork to 25.61g / 100g, and can provide balanced and comprehensive nutritional support for livestock and poultry such as Fuling black pigs; the feed provided by the present invention can effectively promote the growth and development of black pigs, improve meat quality, increase intermuscular fat content, improve meat color and flavor, and greatly reduce the use of chemical additives such as antibiotics, and only need to use a very small amount of sodium benzoate in the process of raising Fuling black pigs.
Claims
1. A biological feed for livestock and poultry, characterized in that: Calculated by weight, the main ingredients include 40-55 parts of corn, 15-20 parts of soybean meal, 20-35 parts of wheat, 4-7 parts of rice bran meal and 3-5 parts of premix, and 45-50 ml of silage liquid additive is prepared for every kilogram of the main ingredients.
2. The livestock and poultry biological feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed is used for feeding medium-sized pigs, and its main ingredients are 50 parts of corn, 17 parts of soybean meal, 24 parts of wheat, 5 parts of rice bran meal, and 4 parts of premix, and 48 ml of silage liquid additive is prepared for every kilogram of the main ingredients.
3. The livestock and poultry biological feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed is used for feeding large-sized pigs, and its main ingredients are 42 parts of corn, 16 parts of soybean meal, 33 parts of wheat, 5 parts of rice bran meal, and 4 parts of premix, and 48 ml of silage liquid additive is prepared for every kilogram of the main ingredients.
4. The livestock and poultry biological feed according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The silage liquid additive is prepared according to the following steps: Step 1, harvesting and chopping the mustard tuber tails to obtain the mustard tuber tail scraps; Step 2, adding bacterial enzyme to the obtained mustard tuber tail material and mixing them evenly; Step 3, ensilaging the mustard tuber tailings with added bacterial enzymes; Step 4, after the silage time meets the requirements, collecting the silage exudate, and adding a preservative to the silage exudate to obtain silage liquid; The bacterial enzyme is a mixture of 0.8-1.5 parts of Penicillium zymolyticum, 10-20 parts of Penicillium zymolyticum and 1500-2500 parts of pure water, and each raw material is calculated by weight. The raw materials for preparing the silage liquid also include salt, and the weight of the salt accounts for 0.3% of the total weight of the mustard tuber tail vegetable scraps.
5. The livestock and poultry biological feed according to claim 4, characterized in that: The feed is used for feeding black pigs.
6. The livestock and poultry biological feed according to claim 4, characterized in that: The corn and wheat are both made of particles with a particle size not greater than 3 mm.