Frame for arc-shaped concrete structure construction and construction method

Abstract

The invention provides a frame for arc-shaped concrete structure construction and a construction method, and belongs to the technical field of concrete construction.The frame comprises a supporting frame and a fixing plate, the supporting frame comprises an upper support and a lower support which are arranged in parallel up and down, and the upper support and the lower support are of the same structure and comprise two arc-shaped equal-length supporting rods; the two supporting rods are arranged on the upper support, the two cross rods are connected with the two supporting rods, the two supporting rods and the two cross rods form a partial circular ring shape, the upper support and the lower support are connected through a plurality of vertical rods, and the two ends of each vertical rod are fixed to the corresponding supporting rods of the upper support and the lower support respectively. A reinforcing supporting structure is further arranged in the partial circular ring formed by the upper support and the lower support, and the reinforcing supporting structure is composed of a plurality of wavy connecting rods connected with the two transverse rods. The fixing plate is of a split structure and comprises a plurality of plate blocks, splicing mechanisms are arranged among the plate blocks, the plate blocks are movably connected into a whole through the splicing mechanisms, and the fixing plate is fixed to the supporting frame through bolts.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of concrete construction, and in particular relates to a frame for arc-shaped concrete structure construction and a construction method. Background Art

[0002] Concrete structures play a vital role in modern architecture and infrastructure. From high-rise buildings to bridges, tunnels, and water conservancy projects, concrete structures are used everywhere. However, the construction of curved concrete structures has always been a major challenge for the engineering community. Traditional linear formwork and support systems are difficult to adapt to the complex geometry of curved structures, resulting in low construction efficiency, increased costs, and difficulty in ensuring the accuracy and quality of the structure.

[0003] In the prior art, the construction of curved concrete structures mainly relies on the following methods:

[0004] 1. Customized wooden formwork: This method requires customized wooden formwork according to the specific curvature of each project. Although it can achieve higher precision, it is costly and the formwork is difficult to reuse, which is not in line with the concept of sustainable development.

[0005] 2. Metal formwork system: Compared with wooden formwork, metal formwork has better durability and reusability. However, its flexibility is limited, it is difficult to adapt to the needs of different curvatures, and its weight is large, which increases the difficulty of construction.

[0006] 3. Inflatable formwork: This innovative method uses an inflatable structure as a formwork. Although it has high flexibility, it has problems such as insufficient structural stability and difficulty in surface quality control.

[0007] 4. 3D printing technology: In recent years, 3D printing technology has made some progress in the field of concrete construction. However, large-scale application still faces challenges such as high equipment costs and material limitations.

[0008] These existing technologies have exposed many problems in practical applications:

[0009] First, it is difficult to control the accuracy. The arc structure requires high precision, but the existing technology is difficult to achieve precise positioning and support on complex curved surfaces.

[0010] Secondly, the construction efficiency is low. Traditional methods often require a lot of manual adjustment and customization work, which prolongs the construction period and increases labor intensity.

[0011] Furthermore, the adaptability is insufficient. Most existing technologies are difficult to flexibly cope with the requirements of different curvatures and sizes, which limits their application scope.

[0012] Finally, there are risks in structural stability. During the concrete pouring and solidification process, even the slightest deformation of the supporting structure may lead to quality problems in the final product.

[0013] In the face of these challenges, an innovative curved concrete structure construction frame is urgently needed, which can adapt to different curvature requirements and ensure high precision and structural stability. The present invention is a solution to this technical problem. Summary of the invention

[0014] In view of this, the present invention provides a frame and construction method for arc-shaped concrete structure construction, which can solve the technical problem that the prior art is difficult to achieve in adapting to different arc requirements while ensuring high precision and structural stability.

[0015] The present invention is achieved in that:

[0016] The first aspect of the present invention provides a frame for the construction of an arc-shaped concrete structure, which includes a support frame and a fixed plate, the support frame includes an upper support and a lower support arranged in parallel up and down, the upper support and the lower support adopt the same structure, including two arc-shaped support rods of equal length, and two cross rods connecting the two support rods, the two support rods and the two cross rods form a partial ring shape, the upper support and the lower support are connected by a plurality of vertical rods, and the two ends of each vertical rod are respectively fixed on the support rods corresponding to the upper support and the lower support; a reinforcing support structure is also provided in the partial ring shape formed by the upper support and the lower support, and the reinforcing support structure is a plurality of wavy connecting rods connecting the two cross rods; the fixed plate is a split structure, including a plurality of plates, and a splicing mechanism is provided between the plates, and the plurality of plates are movably connected to form a whole through the splicing mechanism, and the fixed plate is fixed to the support frame by bolts.

[0017] The partial circular ring is an arc-shaped structure, which is a part of a complete circular ring. Specifically:

[0018] Shape: The upper bracket is in an arc shape, gradually bending from one end to the other, forming a smooth curve;

[0019] Composition: It consists of two arc-shaped support rods of equal length, which extend along the trajectory of the arc;

[0020] Connection: Two arc-shaped support rods are connected by two cross bars to form a stable frame structure;

[0021] Size: The size of the upper bracket is mainly determined by its arc length, which determines the length of the arc;

[0022] Height: The height of the upper bracket is defined by its side length, which is the straight-line distance from one end of the arc to the other;

[0023] Degree of curvature: The degree of curvature is determined by the central angle. A smaller central angle will form a flatter arc, while a larger central angle will form a more curved arc.

[0024] Opening: Since it is a partial ring, the structure has an opening, the size of which depends on the central angle;

[0025] Symmetry: This partial ring is usually symmetrical about its centerline.

[0026] Wherein, the splicing mechanism is a loose-leaf.

[0027] Furthermore, the wave-shaped connecting rod is made of T-shaped steel.

[0028] Furthermore, the support frame, support rods, cross rods and vertical rods are all made of L-shaped steel.

[0029] Preferably, a wave-shaped connecting rod is provided for every two cross-bar lengths.

[0030] Furthermore, the shape of the wavy connecting rod is defined by a shape equation, and the vertical projection shape of the wavy connecting rod is the shape defined by the shape equation, and the shape equation is specifically expressed as:

[0031]

[0032] Where: x is the horizontal position coordinate of the wavy connecting rod, 0≤x≤L; y(x) is the vertical offset of the wavy connecting rod at position x; L is the total length of the wavy connecting rod, which is determined by the arc length of the upper and lower brackets: L u is the arc length of the upper bracket; L l is the arc length of the lower bracket; h u h is the side length of the upper bracket; l is the side length of the lower bracket; N v is the number of vertical rods; l v is the length of the vertical rod, l v =h u -h l ; W c is the preset weight of concrete; ∈ is the overall deformation rate of concrete before and after solidification.

[0033] The step of calculating the shape equation specifically includes:

[0034] Step 1: Determine physical parameters: L u , L l ,h u ,h l , N v , W c , E, G, σ max, δ max , κ max , t avg ;

[0035] Step 2: Calculate derived parameters: l v =h u -h l ;

[0036] Step 3, calculate other parameters: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, κ, λ, μ, σ, η, φ;

[0037] Step 4. For a given position x, calculate ω(x), k(x), f support (x);

[0038] Step 5, substituting all calculated values ​​into the shape equation to obtain the vertical offset y(x) of the wavy connecting rod at this position;

[0039] Step 6. Repeat steps 4-5 to obtain the shape of the entire wavy connecting rod.

[0040] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for constructing a curved concrete structure frame, comprising the following steps:

[0041] S10. Preparation: Study the design drawings in detail to determine the size and parameters of the support frame, fixing plate, and wavy connecting rod; prepare the required materials, including support frame components, fixing plates, bolts, and wavy connecting rods; check the construction site to ensure that the ground is flat and stable, and perform ground treatment if necessary;

[0042] S20, assemble the support frame: assemble the upper support and the lower support respectively according to the designed dimensions, accurately connect the two arc-shaped support rods with a cross bar to form a partial ring; install multiple vertical rods to firmly connect the upper and lower supports, and use a level and a vertical meter to check the horizontality and verticality of the support frame to ensure the stability of the overall structure;

[0043] S30, install the wavy connecting rod: according to the calculated complex shape equation, accurately make the wavy connecting rod; carefully install the wavy connecting rod at the predetermined position between the upper and lower brackets to form a reinforced support structure, check each connection point to ensure that the wavy connecting rod is firmly connected to the support frame without looseness;

[0044] S40, installation of fixed plate: accurately connect the panels of the split structure fixed plate through the loose-leaf splicing mechanism to ensure smooth splicing without gaps; use bolts to evenly fix the fixed plate to the support frame as a whole, paying attention to uniform strength; use a level to check the flatness of the fixed plate to ensure overall stability;

[0045] S50, Concrete pouring preparation: Apply release agent evenly on the surface of the fixed plate to ensure complete coverage; install the steel mesh and other necessary internal structures according to the design requirements to ensure accurate positioning; carefully check and ensure that all components are positioned correctly without deviation;

[0046] S60, Concrete pouring: Prepare concrete according to the designed proportion to ensure that the quality meets the requirements; use the layered pouring method to evenly pour concrete, and strictly control the thickness and pouring speed of each layer; use a vibrating rod or other tools to fully vibrate to ensure that the concrete is dense and free of bubbles;

[0047] S70. Maintenance process: Take appropriate maintenance measures according to weather conditions and concrete types, including covering and watering, and regularly check the frame structure to ensure that it remains stable and free of deformation during the concrete solidification process; record the concrete solidification and overall deformation rate in detail to provide a basis for subsequent work;

[0048] S80. Dismantling the frame: After the concrete reaches the designed strength, make a detailed dismantling plan; first carefully remove the fixing plate, taking care not to damage the concrete surface; then remove the wavy connecting rods, and finally remove the support frame; during the entire process, strictly abide by safety regulations and take necessary protective measures to ensure the safety of personnel and the integrity of the concrete structure.

[0049] Specifically, the step S10 includes:

[0050] Step 101, using computer-aided design software to perform three-dimensional modeling to create an accurate digital model of the curved concrete structure;

[0051] Step 102: using a parametric design method to adjust the sizes and parameters of the support frame, the fixing plate and the wavy connecting rod;

[0052] Step 103: Select high-strength steel to make the support frame components, select corrosion-resistant alloy steel plates to make the fixing plates, and select high-strength bolts and special alloy steel to make the wavy connecting rods;

[0053] Step 104: Use a total station and a level to precisely measure the construction site to ensure that the ground flatness error is within a specified range;

[0054] Step 105, using self-leveling cement slurry to level the uneven area and control the thickness of the leveling layer;

[0055] Step 106: If necessary, perform foundation reinforcement and use cement mixing pile technology to improve the foundation bearing capacity.

[0056] Wherein, the step S20 specifically includes:

[0057] Step 201, using a CNC cutting machine to accurately process the components of the upper and lower brackets, and using a CNC pipe bending machine to process the arc-shaped support rods;

[0058] Step 202: Use a laser cutting machine to cut the crossbar, and the accuracy is controlled within a specified range;

[0059] Step 203: using precision centering technology and a laser locator to ensure the relative positions of the components;

[0060] Step 204: Use high-strength welding to connect the arc-shaped support rod and the cross bar, and perform X-ray nondestructive testing to ensure the quality of the weld;

[0061] Step 205: Use a total station to locate the three-dimensional coordinates of the vertical rod, and use high-strength bolts to connect the vertical rod and the upper and lower brackets;

[0062] Step 206: Use a high-precision electronic level and plumbness to check the horizontality and verticality of the support frame, and use a fine-tuning mechanism to make precise adjustments.

[0063] Wherein, the step S30 specifically includes:

[0064] Step 301, using Fourier series expansion method to design the shape of the wavy connecting rod, and using least square method to fit the design curve to determine specific parameters;

[0065] Step 302: Use CNC wire cutting technology to make a wavy connecting rod, and perform surface rolling strengthening treatment;

[0066] Step 303: Use 3D laser scanning technology to measure the support frame in real time and generate point cloud data;

[0067] Step 304: Use the least square method to fit the spatial surface equation of the actual support frame and calculate the precise spatial coordinates of each connection point;

[0068] Step 305: Use a high-precision robot-assisted positioning system to install the wavy connecting rod, and use a specially designed quick locking device to connect it;

[0069] Step 306: Use acoustic emission detection technology to perform nondestructive testing on each connection point, and use a laser interferometer to measure the deformation of the entire structure.

[0070] Wherein, the step S40 specifically includes:

[0071] Step 401: Using modular design principles, the fixed plate is divided into standardized plates, and the plate sizes are calculated using an optimization algorithm;

[0072] Step 402, using a patented loose-leaf splicing mechanism to connect the panels, and using a hydraulic clamp to apply uniform pressure;

[0073] Step 403: Use a laser flatness measuring instrument to check the flatness of the fixing plate, and use fine-tuning bolts to make precise adjustments;

[0074] Step 404: Use prestressed bolts to connect the fixing plate and the support frame, and the number and distribution of the bolts are determined by finite element analysis;

[0075] Step 405, using a multi-stage tightening method and a spiral tightening strategy to tighten the bolts, and using an ultrasonic stress measuring instrument to monitor the bolt stress in real time;

[0076] Step 406: Install strain gauges at key positions of the fixing plate to monitor the stress state, and use a high-precision inclinometer to measure the overall inclination of the fixing plate.

[0077] Wherein, the step S50 specifically includes:

[0078] Step 501: Apply a nano-scale release agent on the surface of the fixed plate by using an electrostatic spraying technique, and measure the coating thickness by using a laser film thickness meter;

[0079] Step 502: Install the steel mesh using computer-aided positioning technology and scan the actual surface of the fixing plate using a three-dimensional laser scanner;

[0080] Step 503: Use an automatic tying robot to tie the steel mesh, and control the tying strength by torque;

[0081] Step 504: embedding intelligent sensors at key locations, including strain sensors, temperature sensors, and humidity sensors;

[0082] Step 505: Scan the entire structure using 3D laser scanning technology to generate a high-precision 3D model;

[0083] Step 506: Use an iterative closest point algorithm to calculate the deviation between the actual model and the design model, and make precise adjustments if necessary.

[0084] Wherein, the step S60 specifically includes:

[0085] Step 601: Design a concrete mix ratio experimental scheme by using an orthogonal test method, and establish a mathematical model of concrete performance and various factors by using a response surface method;

[0086] Step 602: prepare concrete using an intelligent mixing station and mix it using a twin-shaft forced mixer;

[0087] Step 603: Use the layered pouring method to pour concrete, and use the GPS positioning system to monitor the pouring position in real time;

[0088] Step 604: Use an intelligent variable frequency vibrating rod to vibrate, and the vibration frequency is automatically adjusted according to the slump of the concrete;

[0089] Step 605: Use a laser rangefinder to monitor the template deformation in real time and adjust the support structure if necessary;

[0090] Step 606: Use an infrared thermal imager to monitor the temperature field distribution inside the concrete to prevent temperature stress cracking.

[0091] Wherein, the step S70 specifically includes:

[0092] Step 701: Use the hydration heat model to predict the temperature change curve of concrete and formulate a detailed maintenance plan;

[0093] Step 702: Use an intelligent spray system for maintenance, and adjust the spray volume and frequency in real time in combination with a temperature and humidity sensor;

[0094] Step 703: Use a robot to automatically lay a polyethylene film to cover the concrete surface to prevent water from evaporating too quickly;

[0095] Step 704: Use digital image correlation method to monitor the shrinkage deformation of the concrete surface and adjust the curing parameters in real time;

[0096] Step 705: Continuously monitor the temperature, humidity and stress state inside the concrete using the embedded intelligent sensor network;

[0097] Step 706: Install high-precision inclination sensors and displacement sensors at key nodes to evaluate the stability of the frame structure.

[0098] Wherein, the step S80 specifically includes:

[0099] Step 801: Determine the time to remove the formwork based on the concrete strength development model and real-time monitoring data, and perform non-destructive testing using the rebound method and ultrasonic method;

[0100] Step 802: Use project management software to develop a detailed demolition plan and use the critical path method to determine the demolition sequence;

[0101] Step 803: Remove the fixed plate using hydraulic lifting technology, and use a high-speed camera to record the entire process;

[0102] Step 804, applying special buffer material on the contact surface between the fixed plate and the concrete, and using ultrasonic cutting technology for precise separation when necessary;

[0103] Step 805, using robot-assisted technology to remove the wavy connecting rod, using a robot arm equipped with a force feedback system;

[0104] Step 806: Use a graded unloading method to dismantle the support frame, and use a fiber grating sensor to monitor the structural strain.

[0105] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the arc-shaped concrete structure construction frame and construction method provided by the present invention are:

[0106] 1. Greatly improved precision control:

[0107] The present invention adopts an upper and lower support structure, which is connected with multiple vertical rods to form a stable three-dimensional support system. This design significantly enhances the overall rigidity of the frame and effectively reduces deformation during concrete pouring. In particular, the introduction of the wavy connecting rod not only provides additional support, but also can dynamically adjust its special shape to compensate for stress changes during concrete solidification, thereby achieving higher-precision geometric control.

[0108] 2. Construction efficiency is significantly improved:

[0109] The modular design concept of the present invention makes the assembly, adjustment and disassembly of the frame quick and easy. The standardized components of the support frame can be flexibly combined according to different project requirements, greatly reducing the time for on-site customization and adjustment. The split structure and splicing mechanism of the fixed plate further enhance the flexibility of the system, allowing the construction team to quickly adapt to the actual situation on the site.

[0110] 3. Greatly enhanced adaptability:

[0111] The introduction of the wavy connecting rod is a highlight of the present invention. By adjusting the wave parameters of the connecting rod, the frame can adapt to various arc requirements from small radius to large radius. This high degree of adjustability enables the same frame system to be applied to many different types of arc structure projects, such as arch bridges, circular water towers, arc walls, etc.

[0112] 4.Structural stability is significantly improved:

[0113] The overall frame design of the present invention, especially the use of wavy connecting rods, greatly enhances the stability of the supporting structure. The wavy shape not only provides a larger supporting area, but also can disperse stress more evenly. This design enables the frame to better resist dynamic loads during concrete pouring and reduces the risk of structural deformation.

[0114] In summary, the arc-shaped concrete structure construction frame provided by the present invention solves the technical problem that the prior art is difficult to achieve in adapting to different arc requirements while ensuring high precision and structural stability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0115] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a frame for arc-shaped concrete structure construction provided by the present invention;

[0116] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixed plate;

[0117] Figure 3 A flow chart of a construction method of a frame for arc-shaped concrete structure construction provided by the present invention;

[0118] In the accompanying drawings, the components represented by the reference numerals are listed as follows:

[0119] 10. Support frame; 11. Support rod; 12. Cross bar; 13. Vertical rod; 14. Wave-shaped connecting rod; 20. Fixed plate; 21. Plate; 22. Splicing mechanism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0120] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0121] like Figure 1-2 The figure is a structural schematic diagram of a frame for arc-shaped concrete structure construction provided by the present invention, including a support frame and a fixed plate, the support frame includes an upper support and a lower support arranged in parallel up and down, the upper support and the lower support adopt the same structure, including two arc-shaped support rods of equal length, and two cross rods connecting the two support rods shown, the two support rods and the two cross rods form a partial ring, the upper support and the lower support are connected by a plurality of vertical rods, and the two ends of each vertical rod are respectively fixed on the support rods corresponding to the upper support and the lower support; a reinforcing support structure is also provided in the partial ring formed by the upper support and the lower support, and the reinforcing support structure is a plurality of wavy connecting rods connecting the two cross rods; the fixed plate is a split structure, including a plurality of plates, and a splicing mechanism is provided between the plates, and the plurality of plates are movably connected as a whole through the splicing mechanism, and the fixed plate is fixed to the support frame by bolts.

[0122] The shape of the wavy connecting rod is defined by a shape equation, and the vertical projection shape of the wavy connecting rod is the shape defined by the shape equation. The shape equation is specifically expressed as:

[0123]

[0124] Where: x is the horizontal position coordinate of the wavy connecting rod (unit: meter), 0≤x≤L; y(x) is the vertical offset of the wavy connecting rod at position x (unit: meter); L is the total length of the wavy connecting rod (unit: meter), which is determined by the arc length of the upper and lower brackets: L u is the arc length of the upper bracket (unit: meter); L l is the arc length of the lower support (unit: meter); h u h is the side length of the upper bracket (unit: meter); l is the side length of the lower bracket (unit: meter); Nv is the number of vertical rods; l v is the length of the vertical rod (unit: meter), l v =h u -h l ; W c is the preset weight of concrete (unit: N / m); ∈ is the overall deformation rate of concrete before and after solidification (dimensionless), which is determined by experiment.

[0125] Parameter Description:

[0126]

[0127] n: wave number, usually 3 or 5;

[0128] Influencing factors of upper bracket shape;

[0129] The influencing factor of the lower bracket shape;

[0130]

[0131] Vertical bar shape influence factor;

[0132] Main wave amplitude coefficient (unit: meter);

[0133] σ max : Maximum allowable stress (unit: Pa), determined by the material properties;

[0134] E: elastic modulus of the corrugated connecting rod material (unit: Pa);

[0135] Phase offset (unit: radians);

[0136] Attenuation coefficient (unit: 1 / meter);

[0137] (: Damping ratio, usually between 0.01 and 0.1, determined by the material properties;

[0138] B = 0.5A: secondary wave amplitude coefficient (unit: meter);

[0139] Growth coefficient (unit: 1 / m);

[0140] Nonlinear adjustment coefficient (unit: meter);

[0141] δ max : Maximum allowable deformation (unit: meter), determined by design requirements;

[0142] Nonlinear factor (unit: 1 / meter);

[0143] Curvature adjustment coefficient (unit: meter);

[0144] κ max : Maximum curvature (unit: 1 / m), determined by design requirements;

[0145] Curvature factor (unit: 1 / meter);

[0146] E=|K c |: complex term coefficient (unit: meter);

[0147] K c =E+iG: complex stiffness of the corrugated connecting rod;

[0148] G: Shear modulus of the corrugated connecting rod material (unit: Pa);

[0149] n=3: complex power;

[0150] Discrete adjustment coefficient (unit: meter);

[0151] t avg : Average thickness of the corrugated connecting rod (unit: meter);

[0152] m=10: number of discrete items;

[0153] G = 1: deflection adjustment coefficient (dimensionless);

[0154] Complex fluctuation adjustment coefficient (unit: 1 / meter);

[0155] Complex fluctuation amplitude (dimensionless);

[0156] Complex wave frequency (unit: 1 / meter);

[0157]

[0158] Upper bracket shape adjustment coefficient;

[0159] Lower bracket shape adjustment coefficient;

[0160] Vertical rod influence coefficient;

[0161] δ(x): Dirac delta function;

[0162] The overall influence coefficient of the stent shape (unit: 1 / N);

[0163] I: Moment of inertia of the corrugated connecting rod (unit: m^4), calculated from the cross-sectional shape.

[0164] like Figure 3 As shown, the second aspect of the present invention provides a construction method for a frame for arc-shaped concrete structure construction, which includes the following steps:

[0165] S10. Preparation: Study the design drawings in detail to determine the size and parameters of the support frame, fixing plate, and wavy connecting rod; prepare the required materials, including support frame components, fixing plates, bolts, and wavy connecting rods; check the construction site to ensure that the ground is flat and stable, and perform ground treatment if necessary;

[0166] S20, assemble the support frame: assemble the upper support and the lower support respectively according to the designed dimensions, accurately connect the two arc-shaped support rods with a cross bar to form a partial ring; install multiple vertical rods to firmly connect the upper and lower supports, and use a level and a vertical meter to check the horizontality and verticality of the support frame to ensure the stability of the overall structure;

[0167] S30, install the wavy connecting rod: according to the calculated complex shape equation, accurately make the wavy connecting rod; carefully install the wavy connecting rod at the predetermined position between the upper and lower brackets to form a reinforced support structure, check each connection point to ensure that the wavy connecting rod is firmly connected to the support frame without looseness;

[0168] S40, installation of fixed plate: accurately connect the panels of the split structure fixed plate through the loose-leaf splicing mechanism to ensure smooth splicing without gaps; use bolts to evenly fix the fixed plate to the support frame as a whole, paying attention to uniform strength; use a level to check the flatness of the fixed plate to ensure overall stability;

[0169] S50, Concrete pouring preparation: Apply release agent evenly on the surface of the fixed plate to ensure complete coverage; install the steel mesh and other necessary internal structures according to the design requirements to ensure accurate positioning; carefully check and ensure that all components are positioned correctly without deviation;

[0170] S60, Concrete pouring: Prepare concrete according to the designed proportion to ensure that the quality meets the requirements; use the layered pouring method to evenly pour concrete, and strictly control the thickness and pouring speed of each layer; use a vibrating rod or other tools to fully vibrate to ensure that the concrete is dense and free of bubbles;

[0171] S70. Maintenance process: Take appropriate maintenance measures according to weather conditions and concrete types, including covering and watering, and regularly check the frame structure to ensure that it remains stable and free of deformation during the concrete solidification process; record the concrete solidification and overall deformation rate in detail to provide a basis for subsequent work;

[0172] S80. Dismantling the frame: After the concrete reaches the designed strength, make a detailed dismantling plan; first carefully remove the fixing plate, taking care not to damage the concrete surface; then remove the wavy connecting rods, and finally remove the support frame; during the entire process, strictly abide by safety regulations and take necessary protective measures to ensure the safety of personnel and the integrity of the concrete structure.

[0173] The specific implementation methods of the above steps are described in detail below:

[0174] The specific implementation method of step S10 is: first, a detailed drawing study is carried out. This process is carried out using computer-aided design (CAD) software, using three-dimensional modeling technology to create an accurate digital model of the curved concrete structure. By using parametric design methods, the size and parameters of the support frame, fixed plate and wavy connecting rod can be quickly adjusted to meet different engineering needs. Specifically, the size of the support frame is usually designed to be 1.2 times the total height of the structure to ensure sufficient support strength. The thickness of the fixed plate is generally selected to be 10-20 mm, depending on the scale and load-bearing requirements of the concrete structure. The wavelength and amplitude of the wavy connecting rod are determined based on the results of finite element analysis, usually with a wavelength between 500-1000 mm and an amplitude of 5%-10% of the wavelength.

[0175] Next, material preparation is carried out. The support frame components are made of high-strength steel with a yield strength of not less than 345MPa to ensure sufficient rigidity and load-bearing capacity. The fixing plate is made of corrosion-resistant alloy steel plate with a rust-proof surface. The bolts are 10.9-grade high-strength bolts with a diameter determined according to load calculations, usually between M16 and M24. The wavy connecting rod is made of special alloy steel with an elastic modulus of not less than 200GPa to provide sufficient elastic deformation capacity and structural strength.

[0176] Finally, the construction site is inspected. The site is precisely measured using a total station and a level to ensure that the ground flatness error does not exceed ±5 mm / m. If uneven areas are found, self-leveling cement slurry is used for leveling, and the thickness of the leveling layer is controlled between 20-50 mm. If necessary, the foundation is reinforced, such as using cement mixing pile technology, the pile length is usually 1.5-2 times the thickness of the soft soil layer, and the pile diameter is 300-500 mm to improve the bearing capacity of the foundation.

[0177] The specific implementation of step S20 is as follows: First, according to the size requirements of the design drawings, the various components of the upper and lower brackets are accurately processed using a CNC cutting machine. The arc support rods are processed using a CNC pipe bender, and the accuracy of the bending radius is controlled within ±1 mm. The length of the crossbar is calculated based on the chord length between the arc support rods, and is cut using a laser cutting machine with an accuracy controlled within ±0.5 mm.

[0178] During the assembly process, precision centering technology is used and a laser locator is used to ensure the relative position of each component. The connection between the arc support rod and the crossbar is high-strength welding, and the weld quality grade is not less than level 2. After welding, X-ray non-destructive testing is performed to ensure the quality of the weld. At the connection point, strain gauges are used to monitor stress distribution to ensure that the stress concentration factor does not exceed 2.5.

[0179] The installation of the vertical rod adopts precise positioning technology, and uses a total station for three-dimensional coordinate positioning, with positioning accuracy controlled within ±1 mm. The connection between the vertical rod and the upper and lower brackets adopts high-strength bolts, and the bolt preload is controlled by the torque method. The torque value is calculated based on the bolt diameter and strength grade, and is generally controlled within the range of 90%-110% of the design torque.

[0180] After installation, use a high-precision electronic level and vertical gauge to check the horizontality and verticality of the support frame. The allowable deviation of horizontality shall not exceed 1 / 1000, and the allowable deviation of verticality shall not exceed 1 / 2000 of the height. If the deviation is found to exceed the standard, use the fine-tuning mechanism for precise adjustment. During the adjustment process, the iterative method is used, and the adjustment amount each time shall not exceed 1 / 3 of the total deviation to avoid structural stress caused by excessive adjustment.

[0181] The specific implementation of step S30 is: first, design a wavy connecting rod according to the calculated complex shape equation. The wavy connecting rod is made by CNC wire cutting technology, and the processing accuracy is controlled within ±0.05 mm. In order to improve the fatigue strength of the connecting rod, surface rolling strengthening treatment is adopted, the rolling depth is controlled at 0.2-0.5 mm, and the surface hardness is increased by 20%-30%.

[0182] During the installation process, 3D laser scanning technology is used to measure the support frame in real time to generate point cloud data. Then the least squares method is used to fit the spatial surface equation of the actual support frame. The curve equation of the theoretical wavy connecting rod is optimally matched with the actual support frame surface to calculate the precise spatial coordinates of each connection point.

[0183] The connection process uses a high-precision robot-assisted positioning system with a positioning accuracy of ±0.1 mm. The connection uses a specially designed quick locking device, and the locking force is controlled by a torque wrench. The torque value is set to 105%-110% of the theoretical calculated value to compensate for possible relaxation.

[0184] After installation, acoustic emission detection technology is used to perform non-destructive testing on each connection point, with a detection frequency range of 100kHz-1MHz to detect possible tiny cracks or looseness. If abnormalities are found, they are adjusted or replaced immediately. Finally, a laser interferometer is used to measure the deformation of the overall structure to ensure that the maximum deformation under the design load does not exceed 1 / 1000 of the support frame height.

[0185] The specific implementation of step S40 is as follows: first, the fixed plate is divided into a number of standardized panels using the modular design principle. The size of each panel is calculated by an optimization algorithm to minimize the number of joints and maximize panel strength. Usually, the area of ​​a single panel is controlled between 2-4 square meters.

[0186] The panels are joined together using a patented loose-leaf splicing mechanism. The mechanism includes precision-machined concave and convex tenons, with a machining accuracy of ±0.01 mm. During the splicing process, a hydraulic clamp is used to apply uniform pressure, which is determined by stress-strain analysis and is generally controlled between 5-10 MPa.

[0187] After the splicing is completed, the flatness of the fixed plate is checked using a laser flatness measuring instrument. The measurement adopts the grid method, and the grid spacing is not greater than 100 mm. The maximum allowable flatness deviation is 0.5 mm / m. If local unevenness is found, fine-tuning bolts are used for precise adjustment, and the adjustment amount is calculated by the interpolation algorithm.

[0188] The connection between the fixing plate and the support frame adopts prestressed bolts. The number and distribution of bolts are determined by finite element analysis to ensure uniform stress distribution. The magnitude of the preload force is calculated based on the maximum hydrostatic pressure during concrete pouring, usually 1.2-1.5 times the theoretical value. The preload process adopts a multi-stage tightening method, and the tightening torque increment each time does not exceed 20% of the final design value to avoid stress concentration.

[0189] The bolt tightening sequence adopts a spiral tightening strategy, tightening from the center to the outside to ensure uniform force. During the tightening process, an ultrasonic stress measuring instrument is used to monitor the bolt stress in real time, and the error is controlled within ±5%. At the same time, strain gauges are installed at key positions of the fixing plate to monitor the stress state of the fixing plate to ensure that the maximum stress does not exceed 60% of the material yield strength.

[0190] Finally, use a high-precision inclinometer to measure the overall inclination of the fixed plate, and the maximum allowable inclination angle shall not exceed 0.1 degrees. If the inclination is found to exceed the standard, the horizontality and verticality of the support frame need to be readjusted until the requirements are met.

[0191] The specific implementation of step S50 is as follows: first, a release agent is applied to the surface of the fixed plate. A nano-scale release agent is selected, and its particle size is controlled at 50-100 nanometers to ensure uniform coverage and good demoulding effect. The application adopts electrostatic spraying technology, the spraying pressure is controlled at 0.3-0.5MPa, and the spraying distance is 200-300 mm to ensure uniform atomization. The coating thickness is measured by a laser film thickness meter and is controlled at 15-20 microns.

[0192] The installation of the steel mesh uses computer-aided positioning technology. First, a 3D laser scanner is used to scan the actual surface of the fixed plate to generate high-precision point cloud data. Then, the actual surface equation is fitted using the least squares method. The theoretical steel mesh layout is optimally matched with the actual surface, and the precise 3D coordinates of each steel bar intersection are calculated.

[0193] The steel mesh is tied with an automatic tying robot, with a positioning accuracy of ±1 mm. The force analysis of the tying point uses the finite element method to determine the optimal tying position and spacing. Usually, the main reinforcement spacing is controlled at 100-150 mm, and the distribution reinforcement spacing is 150-200 mm. The tying strength is controlled by torque, which is generally set to 1.5-2.0N·m.

[0194] To improve the overall performance of concrete structures, intelligent sensors are buried in key locations. These include strain sensors, temperature sensors, and humidity sensors. The optimal location of the sensors is determined using the orthogonal experimental design method, and usually 1-2 sensors are arranged per 10 square meters. The sensors are connected to the central monitoring system via a wireless network to monitor the stress state and curing conditions of the concrete in real time.

[0195] Finally, a comprehensive inspection is carried out. The entire structure is scanned using 3D laser scanning technology to generate a high-precision 3D model. The actual model is compared with the design model, and the deviation is calculated using the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm. The maximum allowable deviation does not exceed 1 / 1000 of the design size. If it is found that the local deviation exceeds the standard, precise adjustment is required, and the adjustment amount is calculated using the reverse engineering algorithm.

[0196] The specific implementation of step S60 is as follows: First, design the concrete mix ratio according to the structural requirements and environmental conditions. The orthogonal test method is used to design the experimental scheme, taking into account factors such as cement type, water-binder ratio, admixture type and dosage. The response surface method is used to establish a mathematical model of concrete performance and various factors to optimize the mix ratio. In general, the water-binder ratio is controlled between 0.35-0.45, and the cement dosage is 350-450 kg / m 3 The dosage of admixture is 0.8%-1.2% of the total amount of rubber material.

[0197] Concrete is prepared using an intelligent mixing station. The metering accuracy of raw materials is: cement and admixture ±1%, aggregate ±2%, water ±1%, admixture ±2%. Mixing is done using a twin-shaft forced mixer, and the mixing time is determined by acoustic feature monitoring and is generally controlled within 60-90 seconds.

[0198] The pouring process adopts the layered pouring method, and the thickness of each layer is controlled at 300-500 mm. The pouring speed is calculated by the pumping pressure and the fluidity of the concrete, and is usually controlled at 0.3-0.5 m / h. To ensure uniformity, the GPS positioning system is used to monitor the pouring position in real time to ensure that the height difference of each area does not exceed 100 mm.

[0199] The vibration is carried out by an intelligent variable frequency vibrator, and the vibration frequency is automatically adjusted according to the slump of concrete, generally between 150-200Hz. The vibration time is monitored by an acoustic emission sensor, and the vibration is stopped when the acoustic emission signal tends to be stable, which usually takes 15-25 seconds. The spacing between the vibration points is 1.5 times the radius of the vibrator to ensure that the vibration range overlaps.

[0200] During the pouring process, a laser rangefinder is used to monitor the deformation of the formwork in real time. The maximum allowable deformation does not exceed 1 / 1000 of the span. If the deformation exceeds the standard, the support structure needs to be adjusted in time. At the same time, an infrared thermal imager is used to monitor the temperature field distribution inside the concrete to ensure that the temperature difference between each part does not exceed 20°C to prevent temperature stress cracking.

[0201] The specific implementation of step S70 is: first, based on meteorological data and concrete mix ratio, use the hydration heat model to predict the temperature change curve of concrete. Based on the prediction results, a detailed maintenance plan is formulated. Usually, maintenance begins 2-4 hours after the initial setting of the concrete and lasts for no less than 7 days.

[0202] The maintenance adopts an intelligent spraying system, which is combined with temperature and humidity sensors to adjust the spraying volume and frequency in real time. The spraying water temperature is controlled within the range of ±5℃ of the concrete surface temperature to avoid sudden temperature changes. The spraying pressure is automatically adjusted through the proportional integral differential (PID) control algorithm, generally controlled at 0.2-0.3MPa, to ensure uniform coverage of water mist.

[0203] To prevent the water from evaporating too quickly, the concrete surface is covered with polyethylene film. The covering is automatically laid by robots to ensure that there are no wrinkles and bubbles. The film thickness is selected to be 0.1-0.2 mm, and the light transmittance is controlled between 10%-20%, which can both retain moisture and maintain proper light. The covering time is determined according to the concrete strength grade, usually 3-7 days.

[0204] During the curing process, non-contact measurement technology is used to monitor the shrinkage deformation of the concrete surface. Digital image correlation (DIC) is used to capture the tiny surface deformation through a high-resolution camera. The sampling frequency is once an hour, and the accuracy can reach 0.01 mm. According to the measurement results, the curing parameters are adjusted in real time, such as increasing the spraying frequency or adjusting the covering material.

[0205] At the same time, the embedded intelligent sensor network continuously monitors the temperature, humidity and stress state inside the concrete. The data collection frequency is set to once every 10 minutes. A neural network algorithm is used to analyze the data in real time to predict the strength development and potential cracking risk of the concrete. If an abnormality is found, the system will automatically adjust the maintenance strategy or issue an alarm.

[0206] To evaluate the stability of the frame structure, high-precision inclination sensors and displacement sensors are installed at key nodes. The Kalman filter algorithm is used to process sensor data to eliminate noise. The maximum allowable inclination angle is 0.1 degrees, and the maximum displacement does not exceed 1 / 1000 of the support height. If the threshold is exceeded, the emergency plan is immediately activated, such as adding temporary support or adjusting the support force.

[0207] Record the setting process and overall deformation rate of concrete in detail. Use regression analysis to establish a relationship model between concrete strength and age. Usually, the strength development curve can be expressed by the following formula:

[0208]

[0209] Among them, f c (t) is the concrete strength at age t, f c28 is the standard curing strength after 28 days, s is the cement strength grade coefficient, and t is the concrete age (days).

[0210] By monitoring data in real time, model parameters are continuously optimized to improve prediction accuracy.

[0211] The specific implementation method of step S80 is: first, based on the concrete strength development model and real-time monitoring data, determine the time to remove the formwork. Generally, the concrete strength is required to reach 75%-80% of the design strength. Use the rebound method and ultrasonic method for non-destructive testing to verify whether the strength meets the requirements. The layout of the detection points adopts the stratified sampling method, with no less than 10 measurement points per 100 square meters.

[0212] A detailed demolition plan was developed, and project management software was used to optimize the schedule and resources. The demolition sequence was determined using the critical path method (CPM) to minimize demolition time and resource consumption. During the demolition process, a laser scanner was used to monitor the structural deformation in real time, and the maximum deformation allowed was no more than 1 / 2000 of the span.

[0213] The removal of the fixed plate uses hydraulic lifting technology, which applies force slowly and evenly to avoid impact loads. The lifting force is monitored in real time by strain gauges and controlled within 80%-90% of the design value. The removal speed is controlled at 1-2 mm / min to ensure stability. During the removal process, a high-speed camera is used to record the entire process to help subsequent analysis and improvement.

[0214] To protect the concrete surface, a special buffer material is applied to the contact surface between the fixing plate and the concrete. The material is composed of nano-scale polymers and microspheres, and the thickness is controlled at 0.5-1 mm. It can absorb tiny shear forces and prevent the concrete surface from being scratched. If local bonding is found, ultrasonic cutting technology is used to accurately separate it, and the cutting depth is controlled at 0.1-0.2 mm.

[0215] The removal of the wavy connecting rod adopts robot-assisted technology. A robot arm equipped with a force feedback system is used to accurately control the removal force and angle. The removal torque is monitored in real time by a torque sensor and controlled within the range of 70%-80% of the design value. If a jam occurs, the system will automatically adjust the force and angle to avoid damage to the connection structure.

[0216] The support frame is dismantled using a graded unloading method. First, hydraulic jacks are used to replace some support points, and then the hydraulic pressure is gradually released to achieve slow unloading of the structure. The unloading speed is controlled at 1%-2% of the structure's deadweight per hour. During the unloading process, fiber grating sensors are used to monitor the structural strain to ensure that the strain value does not exceed 90% of the design value.

[0217] Safety measures during the demolition process include: setting up a safety isolation zone with a range of 1.5 times the construction height; workers wearing smart helmets with built-in positioning systems and vital signs monitors; using drones for all-round monitoring and real-time transmission of high-definition video streams; equipping with emergency rescue equipment such as air cushions and life ladders, and conducting regular drills.

[0218] Finally, the demolished concrete structure is comprehensively inspected. A high-precision point cloud model is generated using 3D laser scanning technology and compared with the design model. The least squares method is used to fit the actual surface equation and calculate the geometric error. The maximum allowable error does not exceed 1 / 500 of the design size. At the same time, the impact echo method is used to detect internal defects in the structure, such as cracks or cavities. The detection frequency is 50-100kHz and the detection depth can reach 300 mm.

[0219] Through the above detailed implementation methods, the high-precision assembly, stable support, precise pouring and safe removal of the frame for arc-shaped concrete structure construction can be ensured, thereby ensuring the quality and performance of the final concrete structure. The whole process integrates a number of advanced technologies, such as computer-aided design, CNC machining, laser measurement, intelligent sensor network, robot-assisted construction, etc., reflecting the intelligent and refined characteristics of modern engineering construction. At the same time, through the application of various mathematical models and algorithms, such as finite element analysis, optimization algorithm, neural network prediction, etc., the precise control and dynamic optimization of the construction process are achieved, greatly improving the construction efficiency and quality.

[0220] Specifically, the principle of the present invention is:

[0221] 1. Principles of structural mechanics:

[0222] The core of the present invention lies in its unique support frame design. The upper and lower parallel supports are connected by multiple vertical rods to form a three-dimensional truss structure. This design is based on the spatial stiffness theory in structural mechanics and can effectively disperse and transfer loads. In particular, the partial circular ring structure formed by two arc-shaped support rods of equal length and two cross rods can not only accurately match the shape of the arc-shaped concrete structure, but also provide uniform support force. This design significantly improves the stability and load-bearing capacity of the overall structure.

[0223] 2. Combination of wave mechanics and material mechanics:

[0224] The design of the wavy connecting rod is a major innovation of the present invention. This design is based on the comprehensive application of wave mechanics and material mechanics. The wavy shape increases the effective length of the connecting rod and improves its elastic deformation capacity while maintaining sufficient rigidity. This feature enables the connecting rod to dynamically adjust its shape during the concrete pouring and solidification process to adapt to stress changes. The wavy shape can also disperse stress more evenly, reduce stress concentration, and thus reduce the risk of structural failure.

[0225] 3. Dynamic response theory:

[0226] The frame design of the present invention takes into account the dynamic load changes during the concrete pouring process. The shape equation of the wavy connecting rod contains time-varying parameters, which can simulate and respond to the stress changes during the transition of concrete from liquid to solid. This dynamic response capability enables the frame to maintain the best support effect throughout the construction process and reduce deformation and displacement.

[0227] 4. Modular design principle:

[0228] The modular design of the framework is based on the principles of system engineering. The standardized component design allows the framework to be flexibly combined according to the needs of different projects. This not only improves construction efficiency, but also enhances the adaptability of the system. The modular design also facilitates maintenance and replacement, extending the service life of the entire system.

[0229] 5. Mathematical modeling and optimization:

[0230] The shape equation of the wavy connecting rod is a complex mathematical model that contains multiple parameters to describe and control the shape of the connecting rod. This equation takes into account multiple factors such as the geometric characteristics of the upper and lower supports, the arrangement of the vertical rods, the expected concrete weight, and the material properties. By adjusting these parameters, the shape of the connecting rod can be optimized for different construction requirements to achieve the best support effect.

[0231] 6. Principles of Materials Science:

[0232] The present invention fully considers the characteristics of concrete materials, especially the volume change and stress development during the transition from liquid to solid. The design of the frame, especially the wavy connecting rod, can adapt to the material characteristics, provide dynamic support, and reduce the risk of cracking and deformation.

[0233] 7. Computer-aided design and analysis:

[0234] The design of the complex frame structure and the wavy connecting rods relies on advanced computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA) technologies. These technologies allow designers to simulate and optimize the performance of the frame in a virtual environment, greatly improving the accuracy and reliability of the design.

[0235] In order to better understand and implement the present invention, an embodiment of a specific application scenario of the present invention is provided below: This embodiment describes a curved concrete structure construction frame for the roof construction of a large sports stadium. The sports stadium is designed to be elliptical, and the roof is a curved concrete structure with a span of 120 meters, a major axis of 180 meters, and a minor axis of 150 meters. The highest point of the roof is located in the center, with a height of 35 meters and an edge height of 25 meters. The entire roof is composed of 8 identical curved concrete structure units, each covering a central angle of 45 degrees. This embodiment describes in detail the construction process of one of the units.

[0236] 1. Framework design

[0237] Support frame design:

[0238] Upper bracket: arc length (L u ): 47.5 meters; side length (h u ): 45 meters; two arc-shaped support rods: hollow steel tubes with a diameter of 0.3 meters and a wall thickness of 20 mm; two crossbars: solid steel rods with a length of 15.5 meters and a diameter of 0.25 meters;

[0239] Lower bracket: arc length (L l ): 42.5 meters; side length (h l ): 40 meters; two arc-shaped support rods: hollow steel pipes with a diameter of 0.3 meters and a wall thickness of 20 mm; two crossbars: solid steel rods with a length of 14 meters and a diameter of 0.25 meters;

[0240] Vertical rod: quantity (N v ): 10 pieces; length (l v ): 5 meters; diameter: 0.2 meters of solid steel rod;

[0241] Wave-shaped connecting rod: Quantity: 5; Length (L): 45 meters (average value of arc length of upper and lower brackets); Material: high-strength alloy steel, elastic modulus (E) is 210GPa; Section: rectangular, 0.1 meters wide and 0.2 meters high;

[0242] Fixed plate: Material: carbon fiber reinforced composite material; Thickness: 15 mm; Split structure: 20 plates in total, each about 2.25 square meters; Jointing mechanism: loose-leaf type, with 3 loose-leafs between each plate;

[0243] 2. Construction preparation

[0244] a) Site preparation:

[0245] Clean the construction site and make sure the ground is flat. Use a total station to measure, and the height difference allowed should not exceed ±5 mm.

[0246] The foundation reinforcement was carried out using cement mixing pile technology. The pile length is 12 meters, the pile diameter is 400 mm, and the pile spacing is 1.5 meters.

[0247] Cast a 25 cm thick reinforced concrete foundation slab with strength grade C40.

[0248] b) Material preparation:

[0249] Support frame components: prefabricated according to design dimensions, using high-strength steel Q345, with a yield strength of not less than 345MPa.

[0250] Wave-shaped connecting rod: Made of high-strength alloy steel, with a yield strength of not less than 690MPa.

[0251] Fixed plate: Made of carbon fiber reinforced composite material with a tensile strength of not less than 1000MPa.

[0252] Bolts: Use 10.9 grade high-strength bolts with a diameter of M24.

[0253] Concrete: The design strength grade is C50, and admixtures such as silica powder are used to improve strength and density.

[0254] c) Equipment preparation:

[0255] Large crane: lifting capacity not less than 100 tons;

[0256] Aerial work platform: maximum working height 40 meters;

[0257] Laser rangefinder and total station: accuracy ±1 mm;

[0258] Automatic welding equipment: capable of performing high-quality welding operations;

[0259] Concrete pump truck: pumping height is not less than 40 meters;

[0260] Intelligent spray maintenance system: can automatically adjust the spray volume and frequency according to temperature and humidity;

[0261] 3.Frame installation

[0262] a) Lower bracket installation:

[0263] Use a total station to mark the exact location of the lower bracket on the ground.

[0264] Use a large crane to lift the two arc-shaped support rods into place and temporarily secure them.

[0265] Install two cross bars and weld them with the arc support bars with high strength. The weld quality grade shall not be lower than Grade II.

[0266] Use a laser level to check the levelness of the lower bracket, with an allowable deviation of no more than 3 mm.

[0267] b) Vertical pole installation:

[0268] Mark 10 vertical pole mounting points on the lower bracket, with a spacing of approximately 4.25 meters.

[0269] Lift the vertical rods into place one by one and fix them to the lower brackets by welding.

[0270] Use a total station to check the verticality of each vertical pole, with the allowable deviation not exceeding 2 mm / m.

[0271] c) Upper bracket installation:

[0272] Lift the two arc-shaped support rods of the upper bracket into place respectively and temporarily fix them to the top of the vertical rod.

[0273] The two cross bars of the upper bracket are installed and welded to the arc-shaped support rods with high strength.

[0274] Use a total station to check the height and levelness of the upper bracket. The height deviation is allowed to be no more than 5 mm and the levelness deviation is allowed to be no more than 4 mm.

[0275] d) Installation of wavy connecting rod:

[0276] According to the design equation, 5 wave-shaped connecting rods are precisely manufactured using a CNC machining center.

[0277] Install the wave-shaped connecting rods from the center to both sides in sequence. Each connecting rod has 10 connection points, which are welded to the upper and lower brackets respectively.

[0278] During installation, strain gauges are used to monitor the stress state of the connecting rod to ensure uniform stress distribution.

[0279] After installation, a 3D laser scanner is used to check the geometric accuracy of the entire frame and generate point cloud data for comparison with the design model.

[0280] e) Fixing plate installation:

[0281] The 20 fixed plates are connected into a whole through a hinge mechanism.

[0282] Use a crane to hoist the fixing plate onto the support frame as a whole.

[0283] Use M24 high-strength bolts to fix the fixing plate to the support frame, and the bolt spacing is controlled at 300 mm.

[0284] Use a torque wrench to control the bolt preload and set the torque value to 850 N·m.

[0285] After installation, use a laser flatness measuring instrument to check the flatness of the fixing plate, and the allowable deviation shall not exceed 2 mm / m.

[0286] 4. Preparation for concrete pouring

[0287] a) Steel mesh installation:

[0288] According to the design requirements, a double-layer steel mesh is installed on the fixed plate.

[0289] The main reinforcement is HRB400 grade steel bar with a diameter of 20 mm and a spacing of 150 mm.

[0290] The distribution reinforcement is HRB400 grade steel bar with a diameter of 16 mm and a spacing of 200 mm.

[0291] Steel saddles are set between the upper and lower layers of steel mesh, with a height of 100 mm and a spacing of 1 meter.

[0292] b) Embedded parts installation:

[0293] Install embedded parts according to the designed position, including lighting system interfaces, drainage systems and other equipment fixing points.

[0294] Use a total station to ensure accurate positioning of embedded parts, with an allowable deviation of no more than 5 mm.

[0295] c) Sensor installation:

[0296] -Buried smart sensors at key locations, including:

[0297] 10 strain sensors: monitor the stress state of concrete;

[0298] 8 temperature sensors: monitor the temperature distribution inside the concrete;

[0299] 5 humidity sensors: monitor the humidity of concrete surface;

[0300] -All sensors are connected to the central monitoring system via wireless network.

[0301] d) Template processing:

[0302] Evenly apply nano-scale release agent on the surface of the fixed plate, and the coating thickness is controlled at 18 microns.

[0303] Use electrostatic spraying equipment for application, the spraying pressure is set to 0.4MPa and the spraying distance is 250mm.

[0304] 5. Concrete pouring

[0305] a) Concrete preparation:

[0306] Cement: PO 52.5, dosage 450kg / m 3 ;

[0307] Coarse aggregate: 5-20 mm continuously graded crushed stone;

[0308] Fine aggregate: medium sand, fineness modulus 2.8;

[0309] Water: 165kg / m 3 ;

[0310] Silica fume: 10% of cement;

[0311] Fly ash: 20% of cement;

[0312] High-efficiency water reducing agent: 1.2% of the total amount of cementitious materials;

[0313] Water-cement ratio: 0.38;

[0314] b) Casting process:

[0315] The layered casting method is adopted, and the thickness of each layer is controlled at 300 mm.

[0316] Use a concrete pump truck for pouring, and the pumping pressure is controlled at 12MPa.

[0317] The pouring speed is controlled at 0.4 m / h to ensure that the height difference between each area does not exceed 100 mm.

[0318] The vibration adopts a high-frequency inserted vibrating rod with a frequency of 200Hz and a vibration time of 20 seconds / point.

[0319] The spacing between vibration points shall not exceed 1.5 times the effective radius of the vibration rod.

[0320] c) Real-time monitoring:

[0321] The template deformation was monitored in real time using a laser rangefinder, and the data was recorded every 5 minutes.

[0322] The internal stress state of concrete is monitored by buried strain sensors.

[0323] The temperature distribution on the concrete surface was monitored using an infrared thermal imager, which was scanned every 15 minutes.

[0324] 6. Maintenance process

[0325] a) Initial maintenance:

[0326] Curing starts 2 hours after the concrete has initially set.

[0327] An intelligent spraying system is used for maintenance, and the spraying water temperature is controlled at the concrete surface temperature + 2°C.

[0328] The spraying frequency and water volume are automatically adjusted according to the temperature and humidity sensor data.

[0329] The concrete surface is covered with a polyethylene film with a thickness of 0.15 mm and a light transmittance of 15%.

[0330] b) Later maintenance:

[0331] Continue maintenance for 7 days.

[0332] Starting from the 3rd day, gradually reduce the spraying frequency and increase the covering time.

[0333] The strength development of concrete is checked daily using non-destructive testing equipment (rebound and ultrasonic methods).

[0334] c) Temperature control:

[0335] The internal temperature of the concrete is monitored using embedded temperature sensors.

[0336] Control the maximum temperature inside the concrete not to exceed 65℃ and the temperature gradient not to exceed 20℃ / meter.

[0337] Use cooling pipes to circulate cold water to cool down when necessary.

[0338] d) Contraction control:

[0339] Digital image correlation (DIC) was used to monitor the shrinkage deformation of the concrete surface.

[0340] Image data was collected every hour and the shrinkage trend was analyzed.

[0341] If abnormal shrinkage is found, adjust the maintenance parameters in time.

[0342] 7. Frame removal

[0343] a) Determination of the timing of removal:

[0344] Determine the timing of formwork removal based on the concrete strength development model and real-time monitoring data.

[0345] The concrete strength is required to reach 80% of the design strength, usually 14-21 days after pouring.

[0346] Rebound and ultrasonic methods were used for nondestructive testing, with 100 measuring points evenly distributed on the surface of the structure.

[0347] b) Preparation for dismantling:

[0348] Develop a detailed demolition plan and use project management software to optimize the demolition sequence.

[0349] Displacement sensors and inclination sensors are installed at key nodes to monitor structural deformation in real time.

[0350] Prepare necessary supporting equipment, such as hydraulic jacks and temporary supporting frames.

[0351] c) Removal of fixed plate:

[0352] Remove the bolted connection first, removing the bolts in relative positions each time to maintain uniform force.

[0353] Use a hydraulic jack to apply a small jacking force under the fixing plate to slowly separate the fixing plate and the concrete surface.

[0354] The lifting speed was controlled at 1.5 mm / min, and the stress state of the concrete surface was monitored simultaneously.

[0355] After complete separation, carefully lift off the fixing plate using a crane.

[0356] d) Removal of the wavy connecting rod:

[0357] Demolition work is performed using a robot equipped with a force feedback system.

[0358] First cut off the welding connection points between the wavy connecting rod and the upper and lower brackets.

[0359] During the cutting process, the stress state of the connecting rod is monitored in real time to prevent sudden release.

[0360] After each connecting rod is removed, temporary supports are immediately installed to keep the structure stable.

[0361] e) Support frame removal:

[0362] The support frame is removed by graded unloading method.

[0363] First remove the crossbar of the upper bracket, then the arc support bar.

[0364] The vertical rods are removed one by one, and a hydraulic jack is installed at the corresponding position each time one is removed.

[0365] Finally, remove the lower bracket and slowly release the supporting force of the hydraulic jack.

[0366] During the whole process, the unloading speed is controlled not to exceed 1.5% of the structure's deadweight per hour.

[0367] f) Subsequent processing:

[0368] After the demolition is completed, use a high-pressure water gun to clean the concrete surface.

[0369] Perform concrete surface repairs to fill small holes and minor defects.

[0370] The above description is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A frame for arc-shaped concrete structure construction, characterized in that: The cam is a vertical cam which is provided with two parallel rods for connecting the two support rods, and the two support rods are connected with each other through the cam, and the two support rods are connected with each other through the cam.

2. A curved concrete structure construction frame according to claim 1, characterized in that: The splicing mechanism is a loose-leaf structure.

3. A curved concrete structure construction frame according to claim 2, characterized in that: The wave-shaped connecting rod is made of T-shaped steel.

4. A curved concrete structure construction frame according to claim 3, characterized in that: The support frame, support rod, cross rod and vertical rod are all made of L-shaped steel.

5. The arc-shaped concrete structure construction frame according to claim 4, characterized in that: The shape of the wavy connecting rod is defined by a shape equation, and the vertical projection shape of the wavy connecting rod is the shape defined by the shape equation. The shape equation is specifically expressed as: Where: x is the horizontal position coordinate of the wavy connecting rod, 0≤x≤L; y(x) is the vertical offset of the wavy connecting rod at position x; L is the total length of the wavy connecting rod, which is determined by the arc length of the upper and lower brackets: L u is the arc length of the upper bracket; L l is the arc length of the lower bracket; h u h is the side length of the upper bracket; l is the side length of the lower bracket; N v is the number of vertical rods; l v is the length of the vertical rod, l v =h u -h l ; W c is the preset weight of concrete; ∈ is the overall deformation rate of concrete before and after solidification.

6. A curved concrete structure construction frame according to claim 5, characterized in that: The calculation steps of the shape equation specifically include: Step 1: Determine physical parameters: L u ,L l ,h u ,h l ,N v ,W c ,E,G,σ max ,δ max ,k max ,t avg ; Step 2: Calculate derived parameters: Step 3. Calculate other parameters: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, κ, λ, μ, σ, η, φ; Step 4: For a given position x, calculate ω(x), k(x), f support (x); Step 5, substituting all calculated values ​​into the shape equation to obtain the vertical offset y(x) of the wavy connecting rod at this position; Step 6. Repeat steps 4-5 to obtain the shape of the entire wavy connecting rod.

7. The arc-shaped concrete structure construction frame according to claim 6, characterized in that: A wave-shaped connecting rod is set every two crossbar lengths.

8. A method for constructing a frame for arc-shaped concrete structure, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S10. Preparation: Study the design drawings in detail to determine the size and parameters of the support frame, fixing plate, and wavy connecting rod; prepare the required materials, including support frame components, fixing plates, bolts, and wavy connecting rods; check the construction site to ensure that the ground is flat and stable, and perform ground treatment if necessary; S20, assemble the support frame: assemble the upper support and the lower support respectively according to the designed dimensions, accurately connect the two arc-shaped support rods with a cross bar to form a partial ring; install multiple vertical rods to firmly connect the upper and lower supports, and use a level and a vertical meter to check the horizontality and verticality of the support frame to ensure the stability of the overall structure; S30, install the wavy connecting rod: according to the calculated complex shape equation, accurately make the wavy connecting rod; carefully install the wavy connecting rod at the predetermined position between the upper and lower brackets to form a reinforced support structure, check each connection point to ensure that the wavy connecting rod is firmly connected to the support frame without looseness; S40, installation of fixed plate: accurately connect the panels of the split structure fixed plate through the loose-leaf splicing mechanism to ensure smooth splicing without gaps; use bolts to evenly fix the fixed plate to the support frame as a whole, paying attention to uniform strength; use a level to check the flatness of the fixed plate to ensure overall stability; S50, Concrete pouring preparation: Apply release agent evenly on the surface of the fixed plate to ensure complete coverage; install the steel mesh and other necessary internal structures according to the design requirements to ensure accurate positioning; carefully check and ensure that all components are positioned correctly without deviation; S60, Concrete pouring: Prepare concrete according to the designed proportion to ensure that the quality meets the requirements; use the layered pouring method to evenly pour concrete, and strictly control the thickness of each layer and the pouring speed; Use a vibrating rod or other tools to fully vibrate the concrete to ensure that it is dense and free of bubbles; S70. Maintenance process: Take appropriate maintenance measures according to weather conditions and concrete types, including covering and watering, and regularly check the frame structure to ensure that it remains stable and free of deformation during the concrete solidification process; record the concrete solidification and overall deformation rate in detail to provide a basis for subsequent work; S80. Dismantling the frame: After the concrete reaches the designed strength, make a detailed dismantling plan; first carefully remove the fixing plate, taking care not to damage the concrete surface; then remove the wavy connecting rods, and finally remove the support frame; during the entire process, strictly abide by safety regulations and take necessary protective measures to ensure the safety of personnel and the integrity of the concrete structure.

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