Rock-soil direct shear type test equipment and test method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of rock-soil mechanics, and discloses rock-soil direct shear type test equipment and a test method.The rock-soil direct shear type test equipment comprises a rack, a detection box arranged on the rack, a sensor arranged on the detection box, a vertical plate arranged on the rack, a hydraulic rod arranged on the vertical plate and a test component arranged on the rack; the device comprises a test part, a material returning assembly arranged on the test part, a cleaning part arranged on the material returning assembly, and a material discharging part arranged on the test part, an upper ring and a lower ring are arranged on a first moving plate and a second moving plate respectively, and a middle ring is pushed to move through a hydraulic rod; the two shear surfaces of the test piece are subjected to shear force, and the shear strength of the two shear surfaces is respectively measured through the two sensors, so that the test result precision of the shear strength test of the rock soil sample is improved, the workload of testers is reduced, and the test efficiency of the shear strength test of the rock soil is further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rock and soil mechanics, and in particular to a rock and soil direct shear test device and a test method. Background Art

[0002] The geotechnical direct shear test equipment is an important tool for measuring the shear strength of geotechnical bodies. It is an instrument for measuring the shear strength of geotechnical bodies by simulating the behavior of geotechnical bodies under shear force. The equipment can simulate the stress state of geotechnical bodies in actual engineering and provide engineers with key data on the stability and deformation characteristics of geotechnical bodies.

[0003] The existing geotechnical direct shear test equipment places the geotechnical specimen in the upper and lower boxes of the shear box, and applies vertical pressure and horizontal shear force to the geotechnical specimen in the shear box, so that the geotechnical specimen undergoes shear displacement on the shear surface until it is destroyed. During the test, the force during the shearing process is recorded, and the shear strength of the geotechnical specimen is analyzed.

[0004] Since the area of ​​the specimen is relatively small, the shear stress distribution on the shear surface is uneven. During the misalignment of the upper and lower boxes of the shear box, the shear surface of the geotechnical specimen sheared by the shear force is not the surface with the strongest shear strength of the soil sample when the soil sample is destroyed, which makes the test results low in accuracy. Therefore, it is necessary to test multiple geotechnical specimens, which increases the workload of the test personnel and reduces the test efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a rock and soil direct shear test device and test method to solve the problems mentioned in the above process.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A geotechnical direct shear test equipment, comprising a frame, a detection box arranged on the frame, a sensor arranged on the detection box, a vertical plate arranged on the frame, a hydraulic rod arranged on the vertical plate, a test component arranged on the frame, a material removal assembly arranged on the test component, the material removal assembly is used to discharge the damaged geotechnical specimen in the test component, a cleaning component arranged on the material removal assembly, and a material removal component arranged on the test component;

[0007] The test component includes two side plates, a movable plate 1 arranged on the side plates, a pressure assembly arranged on the movable plate 1, a pressure plate arranged on the pressure assembly, an upper ring arranged in the middle area of ​​the movable plate 1, a middle ring arranged on the hydraulic rod, a movable plate 2 arranged on the side plates, and a lower ring arranged on the movable plate 2. The upper ring, the middle ring, and the lower ring constitute a test cylinder, and a lifting plate arranged in the test cylinder.

[0008] As a preferred solution of the geotechnical direct shear test equipment described in the present invention, the material withdrawal assembly includes a base plate, a gear ring arranged on the base plate, a material withdrawal barrel arranged on the gear ring, a material withdrawal rod arranged in the material withdrawal barrel, and a connecting rod arranged on the material withdrawal rod.

[0009] As a preferred solution of the rock and soil direct shear test equipment described in the present invention, it comprises: a guide ring arranged on the second movable plate, a guide rod symmetrically arranged on the guide ring, two air cylinders obliquely symmetrically arranged on the bottom plate, and a rack one arranged in the second air cylinder.

[0010] As a preferred solution of the rock and soil direct shear test equipment described in the present invention, the material withdrawal assembly also includes a synchronization plate, a synchronization rod arranged on the synchronization plate, and an air cylinder 1 obliquely symmetrically arranged on the bottom plate.

[0011] As a preferred solution of the geotechnical direct shear test equipment described in the present invention, the cleaning component includes gear 1, a connecting shaft arrayed on the lifting plate, a trigger rod arrayed on the lifting plate, gear 2 arranged on the connecting shaft, and a rotating component arranged on the connecting shaft.

[0012] As a preferred solution of the geotechnical direct shear test equipment described in the present invention, the rotating assembly includes a middle rod, a top rod symmetrically arranged on the middle rod, a rotating shaft arranged in the middle rod, a traction rope arranged on the rotating shaft, a rotating drum arranged in the top rod, a traction plate arranged in the rotating drum, and a cleaning ball arranged on the rotating drum.

[0013] As a preferred solution of the geotechnical direct shear test equipment described in the present invention, the discharge component includes gear three, gear four is coaxially connected to gear three, and rack two is symmetrically arranged on the movable plate one.

[0014] As a preferred solution of the geotechnical direct shear test equipment described in the present invention, the discharge component further includes a baffle, a scraper bar arranged on the baffle, and a cutting plate symmetrically arranged on the movable plate 1.

[0015] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a test method for a rock and soil direct shear test device, comprising the following test method:

[0016] First, manually push the moving plate 1 and the moving plate 2 to the limit position at the end away from the sensor. At this time, the telescopic end of the hydraulic rod contracts, and then the geotechnical specimen is placed on the lifting plate. At this time, the cylinder is started, and the piston end of the cylinder drives the pressing plate to gradually descend and contact the specimen. Then, the specimen gradually descends under the pressure of the pressing plate. At this time, the synchronous plate will descend synchronously, and the specimen is now in the test cylinder;

[0017] When the synchronous rod descends, it will drive the second rack to slide along the wire groove, and the second rack drives the baffle to move toward the direction of the test piece. When the baffle contacts the test piece, the second torsion spring is deformed, and the two baffles rotate around the hinge seat and avoid the test piece. When the two baffles pass through and leave the test piece, the two baffles are reset under the reset elastic force of the second torsion spring.

[0018] Start the hydraulic rod, and the telescopic end of the hydraulic rod will push the middle ring. Under the connection of the specimen, the upper ring and the lower ring will be subjected to the shear force of the middle ring. The moving plate 1 and the moving plate 2 transmit the shear force of the specimen between the upper ring and the middle ring and the shear force of the specimen between the lower ring and the middle ring to the two sensors through the contact plate. At this time, the shear force of the specimen on the two shear surfaces will be displayed on the display.

[0019] After the test is completed, the middle ring is driven to reset by controlling the telescopic end of the hydraulic rod, the moving plate 1 and the moving plate 2 are manually driven to reset, and then the piston end of the cylinder is controlled to reset;

[0020] The pressure plate gradually rises. During the reset process of the cylinder piston end, the pressure plate will drive the synchronous plate to rise synchronously. At this time, negative pressure is generated in the cylinder 1, and the cylinder in the cylinder 2 enters the cylinder 1 through the air pipe. At this time, the air plug 2 in the cylinder 2 will drive the rack 1 to move;

[0021] The rack drives the gear ring to rotate, and the gear ring drives the material withdrawal barrel to rotate. Under the limiting action of the guide rod, the material withdrawal barrel will drive the material withdrawal rod to gradually move toward the direction of the lifting plate through the material withdrawal groove. The material withdrawal rod pushes the lifting plate to move toward the release direction of the upper ring through the connecting rod. At this time, the test piece in the test barrel will be pushed to the upper surface of the moving plate by the lifting plate.

[0022] Then the baffle will contact the specimen. Under the limiting effect of the limit plate, the baffle will not avoid the specimen. At this time, the baffle and the scraper will push the specimen to move towards the direction close to the hydraulic rod.

[0023] During the movement of the baffle, the cutting shaft will slide along the cutting groove, causing the scraper to reciprocate and cut the connection between the specimen and the lifting plate;

[0024] When the lifting plate gradually rises in the direction of the moving plate 1, the material-removing rod drives the cleaning balls on the two ejector rods to approach the inner wall of the test tube;

[0025] When the two cleaning balls contact the inner wall of the test tube alternately, during the process that the cleaning ball on the first push rod contacts the inner wall of the test tube, the second push rod and the cleaning ball will contact the trigger rod, causing the second push rod to rotate around the hinge between it and the middle rod as the axis. At this time, the torsion spring is deformed, and since the trigger rod contacts the cleaning ball on the second push rod, the rotating cylinder in the second push rod will not rotate due to the contact friction force, so that the traction plate in the second push rod pulls the traction plate in the first push rod through the traction rope;

[0026] At this time, the traction plate in the first push rod will slide in the rotating drum, and the rotating drum in the first push rod will rotate and drive the cleaning ball on it to rotate synchronously, and then when the cleaning ball on the first push rod contacts and scratches the inner wall of the test drum, the cleaning ball on the first push rod will rotate on its own;

[0027] When the first push rod and the cleaning ball thereon are not in contact with the trigger rod, the traction plate will rotate and reset under the action of the reset elastic force of the spring.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] 1. By setting an upper ring and a lower ring on the moving plate 1 and the moving plate 2 respectively, and pushing the middle ring to move by a hydraulic rod, the two shear surfaces of the specimen are subjected to shear force, and the shear strength of the two shear surfaces is measured by two sensors respectively, which improves the test result accuracy of the shear strength test of rock and soil samples, reduces the workload of test personnel, and further promotes the test efficiency of rock and soil shear strength test;

[0030] 2. The pressure component drives the synchronization rod to control the displacement of the gas plug 1 and the gas plug 2 in the gas cylinder 1 and the gas cylinder 2 respectively, so that the material withdrawal cylinder drives the lifting plate to move, so that the tested specimens in the test cylinder can be discharged to the upper surface of the moving plate 1, omitting the step of manually taking out the specimens after the test is completed, reducing the workload of the test personnel and improving the convenience of the shear strength test of rock and soil samples;

[0031] 3. The cleaning ball in the rotating assembly on the connecting shaft is driven by the rotation of the connecting rod to scrape and clean the inner wall of the test tube, and the top rod at one end of the middle rod is driven by the trigger rod, so that the cleaning ball on the top rod at the other end of the middle rod rotates under the action of the traction rope, which further promotes the cleaning effect of the cleaning ball on the residual soil sample on the inner wall of the test tube, ensures the cleanliness of the test tube, and improves the test accuracy of the shear strength test of the geotechnical specimen;

[0032] 4. The synchronous rod drives the second rack to move, so that the second rack drives the baffle to move, causing the scraper to push the specimen pushed out of the test tube by the lifting plate to separate from the lifting plate. Since the specimen is sticky, the cutting shaft slides in the cutting groove with a wavy structure, so that when the scraper separates the specimen on the lifting plate, the scraper separates the specimen on the lifting plate through reciprocating cutting motion, thereby improving the separation effect and separation efficiency of the specimen sticking to the lifting plate, thereby ensuring the surface cleanliness of the upper surface of the lifting plate, and avoiding the residual dirt from affecting the accuracy of the test results of the next test on the specimen. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the rock and soil direct shear test equipment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the test components of the rock and soil direct shear test equipment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the local explosion of the test components of the rock and soil direct shear test equipment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the material removal assembly of the geotechnical direct shear test equipment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the guide rod and the material withdrawal rod of the rock and soil direct shear test equipment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the cleaning components of the geotechnical direct shear test equipment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the explosion structure of a partial half-section of the rotating assembly of the rock and soil direct shear test equipment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 8 The rock and soil direct shear test equipment of the present invention Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure enlarged at point A in the middle.

[0041] Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of the discharging components of the rock and soil direct shear test equipment of the present invention.

[0042] Fig.10 It is a schematic structural diagram of the baffle, scraper and cutting plate of the geotechnical direct shear test equipment of the present invention.

[0043] In the figure:

[0044] 1. Frame; 11. Detection box; 12. Sensor; 13. Vertical plate; 14. Hydraulic rod;

[0045] 2. Test components; 21. Side plate; 22. Moving plate 1; 23. Pressure assembly; 24. Pressing plate; 25. Upper ring; 26. Middle ring; 27. Moving plate 2; 271. Guide ring; 272. Guide rod; 28. Lower ring; 29. ​​Lifting plate;

[0046] 3. Material return assembly; 31. Bottom plate; 311. Air cylinder 1; 32. Gear ring; 33. Material return cylinder; 34. Material return rod; 35. Connecting rod; 36. Air cylinder 2; 37. Rack 1; 38. Synchronous plate; 39. Synchronous rod;

[0047] 4. Cleaning parts; 41. Gear 1; 42. Connecting shaft; 43. Trigger rod; 44. Gear 2; 45. Rotating assembly; 46. Middle rod; 47. Top rod; 48. Rotating shaft; 481. Traction rope; 49. Rotating drum; 491. Traction plate; 492. Cleaning ball;

[0048] 5. Discharging components; 51. Gear three; 52. Gear four; 53. Rack two; 54. Baffle; 55. Scraper; 56. Cutting plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will be described in detail below. In the detailed description below, many specific details are proposed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the present invention. However, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be implemented without the need for some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is only to provide a better understanding of the present invention by illustrating examples of the present invention. The present invention is by no means limited to any specific configuration and algorithm proposed below, but covers any modification, replacement and improvement of elements, parts and algorithms without departing from the spirit of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings and the following description, known structures and technologies are not shown to avoid unnecessary ambiguity to the present invention.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] Reference Figure 1-5, which is the first embodiment of the present invention, provides a geotechnical direct shear test equipment, the geotechnical direct shear test equipment includes a frame 1, a detection box 11 arranged on the frame 1, and a sensor 12 arranged on the detection box 11. The detection box 11 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of one end of the frame 1, the sensor 12 is embedded in the detection box 11, and two sensors 12 are symmetrically arranged on one side of the detection box 11. The sensor 12 adopts a strain gauge shear force sensor 12, and its working principle is: when the shear force acts on the sensor 12, the sensor 12 will deform, and this deformation will cause the strain gauge to deform and the resistance value of the strain gauge to change at this time. By measuring the change in the resistance value, the value of the shear force can be calculated. A display is fixedly installed on the detection box 11 The display is electrically connected to the two sensors 12, and the value of the shear force detected by the sensor 12 will be displayed on the display. A vertical plate 13 is arranged on the frame 1, and a hydraulic rod 14 is arranged on the vertical plate 13. A protective cover is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the end of the frame 1 away from the detection box 11, and the hydraulic rod 14 is located in the protective cover. The vertical plate 13 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the middle area of ​​the frame 1, and the hydraulic rod 14 is fixedly connected to the vertical plate 13. The telescopic end of the hydraulic rod 14 passes through the vertical plate 13, a test component 2 is arranged on the frame 1, and a material removal component 3 is arranged on the test component 2. The material removal component 3 is used to discharge the damaged geotechnical specimens in the test component 2, a cleaning component 4 is arranged on the material removal component 3, and a material removal component 5 is arranged on the test component 2;

[0052] The test component 2 includes two side plates 21, the side plates 21 are symmetrically mounted on both sides of the frame 1, a moving plate 22 arranged on the side plates 21, a pressure assembly 23 arranged on the moving plate 22, and a pressure plate 24 arranged on the pressure assembly 23. The pressure assembly 23 includes a pressure frame, the pressure frame is fixedly mounted on the middle area of ​​the upper surface of the moving plate 22, a cylinder arranged on the pressure frame, the piston end of the cylinder passes through the pressure frame, the pressure plate 24 is fixedly connected to the piston end of the cylinder, an upper ring 25 arranged in the middle area of ​​the moving plate 22, and a pressure plate 24 arranged on the liquid The middle ring 26 on the pressure rod 14, the movable plate 27 arranged on the side plate 21, the lower ring 28 arranged on the movable plate 27, the upper ring 25, the middle ring 26, and the lower ring 28 constitute a test cylinder, and the lifting plate 29 arranged in the test cylinder, the inner diameter of the upper ring 25, the middle ring 26, and the lower ring 28 are equal to the outer diameter of the pressure plate 24 and the lifting plate 29, and the side plate 21 is symmetrically provided with sliding grooves, the movable plate 1 22 and the movable plate 27 are slidably arranged in the sliding grooves, and contact plates are slidably installed in the sliding grooves, and the two contact plates correspond to the positions of the sensors 12.

[0053] The material return assembly 3 includes a base plate 31, a gear ring 32 arranged on the base plate 31, a material return barrel 33 arranged on the gear ring 32, a material return rod 34 arranged in the material return barrel 33, and a connecting rod 35 arranged on the material return rod 34. The base plate 31 is fixedly mounted on a side of the movable plate 27 away from the movable plate 1 22, a through hole is provided in the middle area of ​​the base plate 31, the gear ring 32 is rotatably mounted in the middle area of ​​the base plate 31, the gear ring 32 is fixedly connected to the material return barrel 33, one end of the material return barrel 33 away from the base plate 31 is rotatably connected to the movable plate 2 27, a material return groove is symmetrically provided in the material return barrel 33, and the material return groove has a spiral structure. Both ends of the material return rod 34 are slidably mounted in the material return groove, the connecting rod 35 is fixedly connected to the material return rod 34, and one end of the connecting rod 35 away from the material return rod 34 is rotatably connected to the middle area of ​​the lifting plate 29.

[0054] A guide ring 271 is arranged on the movable plate 27, a guide rod 272 is symmetrically arranged on the guide ring 271, an air cylinder 26 is obliquely symmetrically arranged on the bottom plate 31, and a rack 1 37 is arranged in the air cylinder 26. The guide ring 271 is fixedly installed on the side of the movable plate 27 away from the movable plate 22, a key slot is provided on the guide rod 272, and the material return rod 34 is slidably installed in the key slot. An air plug 2 is slidably arranged in the air cylinder 26, and the air plug 2 is fixedly connected to the rack 1 37. A fixed seat is obliquely symmetrically installed on the bottom plate 31, and the rack 1 37 is slidably installed on the fixed seat, and the rack 1 37 is meshed with the gear ring 32.

[0055] The material return assembly 3 also includes a synchronization plate 38, a synchronization rod 39 arranged on the synchronization plate 38, and an air cylinder 311 obliquely symmetrically arranged on the bottom plate 31. The synchronization plate 38 is slidably connected to the piston end of the cylinder, and an array of tooth structures is arranged on the synchronization rod 39. The synchronization rod 39 passes through the movable plate 1 22 and the movable plate 27. One end of the synchronization rod 39 is fixed to the synchronization plate 38, and the end of the synchronization rod 39 away from the synchronization plate 38 is fixedly installed with an air plug 1, and the air plug 1 is slidably installed in the air cylinder 1 311. An air pipe is fixedly installed on the air cylinder 1 311, and the end of the air pipe away from the air cylinder 1 311 is fixedly connected to the air cylinder 2 36, so that the air cylinder 1 311 is connected to the inside of the air cylinder 2 36.

[0056] During use, first, the moving plate 1 22 and the moving plate 2 27 are manually pushed to the limit position at one end away from the sensor 12. At this time, the telescopic end of the hydraulic rod 14 is retracted, the upper ring 25, the middle ring 26, and the lower ring 28 are coaxial, and the upper surface of the lifting plate 29 is at the same level as the upper surface of the moving plate 1 22. Then, the geotechnical specimen is placed on the lifting plate 29, and the cylinder is started. The piston end of the cylinder drives the pressing plate 24 to gradually descend and contact the specimen. Then, the specimen gradually descends under the pressure of the pressing plate 24. At this time, the synchronous plate 38 will descend synchronously, and the specimen is now located in the test cylinder;

[0057] Then start the hydraulic rod 14. At this time, the telescopic end of the hydraulic rod 14 will push the middle ring 26. At this time, under the connection effect of the test piece, the upper ring 25 and the lower ring 28 will be subjected to the shear force of the middle ring 26. The moving plate 1 22 and the moving plate 2 27 transmit the shear force of the test piece between the upper ring 25 and the middle ring 26 and the shear force of the test piece between the lower ring 28 and the middle ring 26 to the two sensors 12 through the contact plate. At this time, the shear force of the test piece on the two shear surfaces will be displayed on the display.

[0058] When the test is completed, the middle ring 26 is driven to reset by controlling the telescopic end of the hydraulic rod 14, and the movable plate 1 22 and the movable plate 27 are manually driven to reset, and then the cylinder piston end is controlled to reset. At this time, the pressure plate 24 gradually rises. During the resetting process of the cylinder piston end, the pressure plate 24 will drive the synchronous plate 38 to rise synchronously. At this time, negative pressure is generated in the cylinder 1 311, and the cylinder in the cylinder 2 36 enters the cylinder 1 311 through the air pipe. At this time, the air plug 2 in the cylinder 2 36 will drive the rack 1 37 to move, and the rack 1 37 drives the gear ring 32 to rotate, and the gear ring 32 drives the material return barrel 33 to rotate. Under the limiting action of the guide rod 272, the material return barrel 33 will drive the material return rod 34 to gradually move toward the direction of the lifting plate 29 through the material return groove, and the material return rod 34 pushes the lifting plate 29 to move toward the release direction of the upper ring 25 through the connecting rod 35. At this time, the test piece in the test barrel will be pushed to the upper surface of the movable plate 1 22 by the lifting plate 29.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] Reference Figure 1-8 , which is the second embodiment of the present invention, and this embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that:

[0061] The cleaning component 4 includes a gear 1 41, a connecting shaft 42 arranged in an array on the lifting plate 29, a trigger rod 43 arranged in an array on the lifting plate 29, a gear 2 44 arranged on the connecting shaft 42, and a rotating component 45 arranged on the connecting shaft 42. The gear 1 41 is fixedly mounted on the connecting rod 35, the connecting shaft 42 is rotatably mounted on the lower surface of the lifting plate 29, the gear 2 44 is fixedly mounted on the end of the connecting shaft 42 away from the lifting plate 29, and the gear 1 41 is meshed with the gear 2 44.

[0062] The rotating assembly 45 includes a middle rod 46, a top rod 47 symmetrically arranged on the middle rod 46, a rotating shaft 48 arranged in the middle rod 46, a traction rope 481 arranged on the rotating shaft 48, a rotating drum 49 arranged in the top rod 47, a traction plate 491 arranged in the rotating drum 49, and a cleaning ball 492 arranged on the rotating drum 49. The top rod 47 is hinged to one end of the middle rod 46, and a torsion spring is arranged at the hinge between the top rod 47 and the middle rod 46. A middle cavity is opened inside the middle rod 46, and the rotating shaft 48 is rotatably installed in the middle area of ​​the middle cavity. The traction rope 481 is wound around the rotating shaft. On 48, both ends of the traction rope 481 are fixedly connected to the traction plates 491 in the top rods 47 at both ends of the middle rod 46, a spring is fixedly installed on one side of the traction plate, and the end of the spring away from the traction plate is fixedly connected to the end of the rotating drum 49 close to the middle rod 46, a top cavity is opened in the top rod 47, and the rotating drum 49 is rotatably installed in the top cavity, and traction grooves are symmetrically opened in the top cavity, and rotating grooves are symmetrically opened on the side walls of the rotating drum 49, and traction rods are symmetrically opened on the side walls of the traction plate 491, and the traction rods pass through the rotating grooves and are slidably installed in the traction grooves, and the cleaning ball 492 is fixedly connected to the rotating drum 49.

[0063] During use, when the lifting plate 29 gradually rises toward the moving plate 1 22, the material return rod 34 drives the connecting rod to rotate, so that the gear 1 41 drives the gear 2 44 to rotate, and the connecting shaft 42 will rotate, and the connecting shaft 42 will drive the cleaning balls 492 on the two ejector rods 47 to rub and clean the inner wall of the test cylinder;

[0064] When the two cleaning balls 492 contact the inner wall of the test cylinder alternately, during the process that the cleaning ball 492 on the first push rod 47 contacts the inner wall of the test cylinder, the second push rod 47 and the cleaning ball 492 will contact the trigger rod 43, causing the second push rod 47 to rotate around the hinge between it and the middle rod 46. At this time, the torsion spring is deformed, and since the trigger rod 43 contacts the cleaning ball 492 on the second push rod 47, the rotating cylinder 49 in the second push rod 47 will not rotate due to the contact friction force, so that the traction plate 491 in the second push rod 47 The traction plate 491 in the first push rod 47 is pulled by the traction rope 481, and the rotating shaft 48 rotates at this time, and the traction plate 491 in the first push rod 47 will slide in the rotating drum 49, and the rotating drum 49 in the first push rod 47 will rotate and drive the cleaning ball 492 thereon to rotate synchronously, and then when the cleaning ball 492 on the first push rod 47 contacts and scrapes the inner wall of the test drum, the cleaning ball 492 on the first push rod 47 will rotate by itself, so that the sample soil remaining on the inner wall of the cleaning drum is separated from the inner wall of the test drum and discharged through the through hole of the bottom plate 31;

[0065] When the first push rod 47 and the cleaning ball 492 thereon are not in contact with the trigger rod 43, the traction plate 491 will rotate and reset under the action of the restoring elastic force of the spring.

[0066] The remaining structures are the same as those of Example 1.

[0067] Example 3

[0068] Reference Figure 1-10 , which is the third embodiment of the present invention, and this embodiment is different from the second embodiment in that:

[0069] The discharge component 5 includes a gear three 51, a gear four 52 is coaxially connected to the gear three 51, a rack two 53 is symmetrically arranged on the movable plate one 22, a shaft seat one and a shaft seat two are symmetrically installed on the upper surface of the movable plate one 22, a shaft rod is rotatably installed on the shaft seat one and the shaft seat two, the gear three 51 and the gear four 52 are fixedly installed on the shaft rod, the gear three 51 is meshed with the tooth structure on the synchronization rod 39, the upper surface of the movable plate one 22 is symmetrically provided with wire grooves, the rack two 53 is slidably installed in the wire grooves, and the gear four 52 is meshed with the rack two 53.

[0070] The discharging component 5 also includes a baffle 54, a scraper strip 55 arranged on the baffle 54, and a cutting plate 56 symmetrically arranged on the movable plate 22. A hinge seat is fixedly installed on the rack 2 53. The baffle 54 is hinged to the hinge seat. A torsion spring 2 is arranged at the hinge between the baffle 54 and the hinge seat. A limit plate is fixedly installed on the hinge seat. A reciprocating groove is provided on the baffle 54. The scraper strip 55 is slidably clamped in the reciprocating groove. A cutting shaft is fixedly installed at one end of the scraper strip 55. A cutting groove with a wavy structure is provided on the cutting plate 56. The cutting shaft is slidably installed in the cutting groove.

[0071] During use, when the synchronization rod 39 descends, the synchronization rod 39 will drive the gear 3 51 to rotate, and the gear 4 52 will rotate synchronously with the gear 3 51, and the gear 4 52 will drive the rack 2 53 to slide along the wire groove, and the rack 2 53 will drive the baffle 54 to move toward the test piece. When the baffle 54 contacts the test piece, the torsion spring 2 is deformed, and the two baffles 54 rotate around the hinge seat and avoid the test piece.

[0072] When the two baffles 54 pass through and leave the test piece, the two baffles 54 are reset under the reset elastic force of the torsion spring 2;

[0073] When the lifting plate 29 pushes the test piece out of the test tube, the baffle 54 will contact the test piece, and then under the limiting action of the limiting plate, the baffle 54 will not avoid the test piece. At this time, the baffle 54 and the scraper 55 will push the test piece to move in the direction close to the hydraulic rod 14;

[0074] During the movement of the baffle 54 , the cutting shaft will slide along the cutting groove, causing the scraper 55 to reciprocate to cut the connection between the specimen and the lifting plate 29 , so that the specimen adhered to the upper surface of the lifting plate 29 is separated from the lifting plate 29 .

[0075] The remaining structure is the same as that of Example 2.

[0076] Example 4

[0077] Reference Figure 1-10 , which is a fourth embodiment of the present invention, provides: a test method for a rock and soil direct shear test device, comprising the following test method,

[0078] S1, first manually push the moving plate 1 22 and the moving plate 2 27 to the limit position at one end away from the sensor 12, at this time the telescopic end of the hydraulic rod 14 is retracted, and then the geotechnical specimen is placed on the lifting plate 29, and then the cylinder is started, and the piston end of the cylinder drives the pressing plate 24 to gradually descend and contact the specimen, and then the specimen gradually descends under the pressure of the pressing plate 24, and at this time the synchronous plate 38 will synchronously descend, and the specimen is now located in the test cylinder;

[0079] S2, when the synchronization rod 39 descends, the synchronization rod 39 will drive the second rack 53 to slide along the wire groove, and the second rack 53 drives the baffle 54 to move toward the direction of the test piece. When the baffle 54 contacts the test piece, the second torsion spring is deformed, and the two baffles 54 rotate around the hinge seat and avoid the test piece. When the two baffles 54 pass through and leave the test piece, the two baffles 54 are reset under the reset elastic force of the second torsion spring;

[0080] S3, start the hydraulic rod 14, at this time the telescopic end of the hydraulic rod 14 will push the middle ring 26, at this time under the connection effect of the test piece, the upper ring 25 and the lower ring 28 will be subjected to the shear force of the middle ring 26, the moving plate 1 22 and the moving plate 2 27 transmit the shear force of the test piece between the upper ring 25 and the middle ring 26, and the shear force of the test piece between the lower ring 28 and the middle ring 26 to the two sensors 12 through the contact plate, and at this time the shear force of the test piece on the two shear surfaces will be displayed on the display;

[0081] S4, after the test is completed, the middle ring 26 is driven to reset by controlling the telescopic end of the hydraulic rod 14, the movable plate 1 22 and the movable plate 2 27 are manually driven to reset, and then the piston end of the cylinder is controlled to reset;

[0082] S5, the pressing plate 24 gradually rises. During the resetting process of the cylinder piston end, the pressing plate 24 will drive the synchronous plate 38 to rise synchronously. At this time, negative pressure is generated in the cylinder 1 311, and the cylinder in the cylinder 2 36 enters the cylinder 1 311 through the air pipe. At this time, the air plug 2 in the cylinder 2 36 will drive the rack 1 37 to move;

[0083] S6, the rack 37 drives the gear ring 32 to rotate, and the gear ring 32 drives the material-removing barrel 33 to rotate. Under the limiting action of the guide rod 272, the material-removing barrel 33 will drive the material-removing rod 34 to gradually move toward the direction of the lifting plate 29 through the material-removing groove. The material-removing rod 34 pushes the lifting plate 29 to move toward the release direction of the upper ring 25 through the connecting rod 35. At this time, the test piece in the test barrel will be pushed by the lifting plate 29 to the upper surface of the movable plate 22;

[0084] S7, then the baffle 54 will contact the test piece, and under the limiting effect of the limiting plate, the baffle 54 will not avoid the test piece. At this time, the baffle 54 and the scraper 55 will push the test piece to move towards the direction close to the hydraulic rod 14;

[0085] S8, during the movement of the baffle plate 54, the cutting shaft will slide along the cutting groove, causing the scraper bar 55 to reciprocate to cut the connection between the specimen and the lifting plate 29;

[0086] S9, when the lifting plate 29 gradually rises toward the moving plate 22, the material return rod 34 drives the cleaning balls 492 on the two ejector rods 47 to approach the inner wall of the test tube;

[0087] S10, when the two cleaning balls 492 contact the inner wall of the test tube alternately, during the process that the cleaning ball 492 on the first push rod 47 contacts the inner wall of the test tube, the second push rod 47 and the cleaning ball 492 will contact the trigger rod 43, causing the second push rod 47 to rotate around the hinge between it and the middle rod 46. At this time, the torsion spring is deformed, and since the trigger rod 43 contacts the cleaning ball 492 on the second push rod 47, the rotating cylinder 49 in the second push rod 47 will not rotate due to the contact friction, so that the traction plate 491 in the second push rod 47 pulls the traction plate 491 in the first push rod 47 through the traction rope 481;

[0088] S11, at this time, the traction plate 491 in the first push rod 47 will slide in the rotating drum 49, and the rotating drum 49 in the first push rod 47 will rotate and drive the cleaning ball 492 thereon to rotate synchronously, and then when the cleaning ball 492 on the first push rod 47 contacts and scrapes the inner wall of the test drum, the cleaning ball 492 on the first push rod 47 will rotate;

[0089] S12, when the first push rod 47 and the cleaning ball 492 thereon are no longer in contact with the trigger rod 43, the traction plate 491 will rotate and reset under the action of the restoring elastic force of the spring.

[0090] Different technical features appearing in different embodiments can be combined to achieve beneficial effects. Based on the study of the drawings, the specification and the claims, those skilled in the art should be able to understand and implement other variations of the disclosed embodiments. In the claims, the term "comprising" does not exclude other devices or steps; the indefinite article "a" does not exclude a plurality; the terms "first" and "second" are used to indicate names rather than to indicate any specific order. Any figure marks in the claims should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection. The functions of multiple parts appearing in the claims can be implemented by a single hardware or software module. The fact that certain technical features appear in different dependent claims does not mean that these technical features cannot be combined to achieve beneficial effects.

Claims

1. A geotechnical direct shear test device, comprising a frame (1), a detection box (11) arranged on the frame (1), a sensor (12) arranged on the detection box (11), a vertical plate (13) arranged on the frame (1), and a hydraulic rod (14) arranged on the vertical plate (13), characterized in that: A test component (2) arranged on the frame (1), a material removal assembly (3) arranged on the test component (2), the material removal assembly (3) being used to remove the damaged rock and soil specimens in the test component (2), a cleaning component (4) arranged on the material removal assembly (3), and a material removal component (5) arranged on the test component (2); The test component (2) includes two side plates (21), a movable plate (22) arranged on the side plates (21), a pressure assembly (23) arranged on the movable plate (22), a pressure plate (24) arranged on the pressure assembly (23), an upper ring (25) arranged in the middle area of ​​the movable plate (22), a middle ring (26) arranged on the hydraulic rod (14), a movable plate (27) arranged on the side plates (21), and a lower ring (28) arranged on the movable plate (27). The upper ring (25), the middle ring (26), and the lower ring (28) constitute a test cylinder, and a lifting plate (29) is arranged in the test cylinder.

2. A rock and soil direct shear test equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material-removing assembly (3) comprises a base plate (31), a toothed ring (32) arranged on the base plate (31), a material-removing cylinder (33) arranged on the toothed ring (32), a material-removing rod (34) arranged in the material-removing cylinder (33), and a connecting rod (35) arranged on the material-removing rod (34).

3. A rock and soil direct shear test equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: A guide ring (271) is arranged on the second movable plate (27), a guide rod (272) is symmetrically arranged on the guide ring (271), a second air cylinder (36) is obliquely symmetrically arranged on the bottom plate (31), and a rack (37) is arranged in the second air cylinder (36).

4. A rock and soil direct shear test equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The material-removing assembly (3) further comprises a synchronization plate (38), a synchronization rod (39) arranged on the synchronization plate (38), and an air cylinder (311) obliquely symmetrically arranged on the bottom plate (31).

5. A rock and soil direct shear test equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cleaning component (4) comprises a gear 1 (41), a connecting shaft (42) arranged in an array on the lifting plate (29), a trigger rod (43) arranged in an array on the lifting plate (29), a gear 2 (44) arranged on the connecting shaft (42), and a rotating assembly (45) arranged on the connecting shaft (42).

6. A rock and soil direct shear test equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The rotating assembly (45) comprises a middle rod (46), a top rod (47) symmetrically arranged on the middle rod (46), a rotating shaft (48) arranged in the middle rod (46), a traction rope (481) arranged on the rotating shaft (48), a rotating drum (49) arranged in the top rod (47), a traction plate (491) arranged in the rotating drum (49), and a cleaning ball (492) arranged on the rotating drum (49).

7. A rock and soil direct shear test equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material discharging component (5) comprises a gear three (51), a gear four (52) is coaxially connected to the gear three (51), and a rack two (53) is symmetrically arranged on the movable plate one (22).

8. A rock and soil direct shear test equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material discharging component (5) further comprises a baffle (54), a scraper strip (55) arranged on the baffle (54), and a cutting plate (56) symmetrically arranged on the movable plate (22).

9. A test method for a rock and soil direct shear test device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the following test method: First, the movable plate 1 (22) and the movable plate 2 (27) are manually pushed to the limit position at one end away from the sensor (12), at which time the telescopic end of the hydraulic rod (14) is retracted, and then the geotechnical specimen is placed on the lifting plate (29), and the cylinder is started at this time, and the piston end of the cylinder drives the pressing plate (24) to gradually descend and contact the specimen, and then the specimen gradually descends under the pressure of the pressing plate (24), and at this time the synchronous plate (38) will synchronously descend, and the specimen is now located in the test cylinder; When the synchronization rod (39) descends, the synchronization rod (39) will drive the second rack (53) to slide along the wire groove, and the second rack (53) drives the baffle (54) to move toward the direction of the test piece. When the baffle (54) contacts the test piece, the second torsion spring is deformed, and the two baffles (54) rotate around the hinge seat and avoid the test piece. When the two baffles (54) pass through and leave the test piece, the two baffles (54) are reset under the reset elastic force of the second torsion spring. Start the hydraulic rod (14), and the telescopic end of the hydraulic rod (14) will push the middle ring (26). At this time, under the connection effect of the test piece, the upper ring (25) and the lower ring (28) will be subjected to the shear force of the middle ring (26). The moving plate 1 (22) and the moving plate 2 (27) transmit the shear force of the test piece between the upper ring (25) and the middle ring (26), and the shear force of the test piece between the lower ring (28) and the middle ring (26) to the two sensors (12) through the contact plate. At this time, the shear force of the test piece on the two shear planes will be displayed on the display. After the test is completed, the middle ring (26) is driven to reset by controlling the telescopic end of the hydraulic rod (14), the movable plate 1 (22) and the movable plate 2 (27) are manually driven to reset, and then the piston end of the cylinder is controlled to reset; The pressing plate (24) gradually rises. During the process of the cylinder piston end returning to its original position, the pressing plate (24) drives the synchronous plate (38) to rise synchronously. At this time, negative pressure is generated in the gas cylinder 1 (311). The gas cylinder in the gas cylinder 2 (36) enters the gas cylinder 1 (311) through the gas pipe. At this time, the gas plug 2 in the gas cylinder 2 (36) drives the rack 1 (37) to move. The rack 1 (37) drives the gear ring (32) to rotate, and the gear ring (32) drives the material return barrel (33) to rotate. Under the limiting action of the guide rod (272), the material return barrel (33) will drive the material return rod (34) to gradually move toward the direction of the lifting plate (29) through the material return groove. The material return rod (34) pushes the lifting plate (29) to move toward the release direction of the upper ring (25) through the connecting rod (35). At this time, the test piece in the test barrel will be pushed by the lifting plate (29) to the upper surface of the movable plate 1 (22); Then the baffle (54) will contact the test piece. Under the limiting effect of the limiting plate, the baffle (54) will not avoid the test piece. At this time, the baffle (54) and the scraper (55) will push the test piece to move in the direction close to the hydraulic rod (14). During the movement of the baffle plate (54), the cutting shaft will slide along the cutting groove, causing the scraper bar (55) to reciprocate to cut the connection between the test piece and the lifting plate (29).

10. The test method of a rock and soil direct shear test equipment according to claim 9, characterized in that: When the lifting plate (29) gradually rises in the direction of the moving plate 1 (22), the material return rod (34) drives the cleaning balls (492) on the two push rods (47) to approach the inner wall of the test tube; When the two cleaning balls (492) contact the inner wall of the test tube alternately, during the process of the cleaning ball (492) on the first push rod (47) contacting the inner wall of the test tube, the second push rod (47) and the cleaning ball (492) will contact the trigger rod (43), causing the second push rod (47) to rotate around the hinge between it and the middle rod (46). At this time, the torsion spring is deformed, and since the trigger rod (43) contacts the cleaning ball (492) on the second push rod (47), the rotating cylinder (49) in the second push rod (47) will not rotate due to the contact friction force, so that the traction plate (491) in the second push rod (47) pulls the traction plate (491) in the first push rod (47) through the traction rope (481); At this time, the traction plate (491) in the first push rod (47) will slide in the rotating drum (49), and the rotating drum (49) in the first push rod (47) will rotate and drive the cleaning ball (492) thereon to rotate synchronously, and then when the cleaning ball (492) on the first push rod (47) contacts and scrapes the inner wall of the test drum, the cleaning ball (492) on the first push rod (47) will rotate on its own; When the first push rod (47) and the cleaning ball (492) thereon are not in contact with the trigger rod (43), the rotating shaft (48) will rotate and reset under the action of the reset elastic force of the spring.

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