Recognition method and recognition device of multiples, storage medium and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to a multiple wave recognition method and device, a storage medium and electronic equipment. The method comprises the steps of receiving exploration data of a target area; determining the source of multiple waves according to a strong wave impedance interface in the exploration data; determining the development range of the multiple waves according to the thickness of the source of the multiple waves; in the development range of the multiples, according to the reflection coefficient of the waveform among the interfaces in the exploration data, the development layer section of the multiples is determined; and in the development layer section of the multiples, positioning the multiples according to the attenuation condition of the waveform in the interface in the exploration data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of geological prospecting technology, and in particular to a multiple wave identification method and an identification device, a storage medium and an electronic device thereof. Background Art

[0002] Multiple waves are a common interference wave that is widely present in seismic exploration. The fundamental reason for their generation is that when seismic waves propagate underground, they encounter strong reflection interfaces such as coal seams, volcanic rocks, and unconformity interfaces. In addition to general reflection waves, multiple reflection waves between interfaces are also generated, referred to as multiple waves. Generally speaking, multiple waves are mainly divided into two types: full-length multiple waves and interlayer multiple waves. In most cases, these two types of waves exist simultaneously in seismic data, seriously interfering with the imaging quality of seismic data and causing great trouble for subsequent seismic data interpretation and comprehensive seismic geological research. At present, the method of identifying multiple waves has low accuracy. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides a multiple wave identification method, a multiple wave identification device, a storage medium and an electronic device.

[0004] Specifically, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] A first aspect of the present invention provides a method for identifying multiple waves, the method comprising: receiving exploration data of a target area; determining the source of the multiple waves based on a strong wave impedance interface in the exploration data; determining the development range of the multiple waves based on the thickness of the source of the multiple waves; within the development range of the multiple waves, determining the development layer section of the multiple waves based on the reflection coefficient of the waveform between each interface in the exploration data; and locating the multiple waves within the development layer section of the multiple waves based on the attenuation of the waveform in the exploration data at the interface.

[0006] In this embodiment, the exploration data of the target area is first received, and then the source of the multiple waves is determined based on the strong wave impedance interface in the exploration data. That is, in the selected target area (such as a work area, etc.), the strong wave impedance geological interfaces, such as coal seams and unconformities, are determined based on the exploration data, and further, the source that is prone to generate multiple waves is preliminarily determined in these strong wave impedance geological interfaces.

[0007] Starting from the principle, we look for the source of multiple waves. The geological conditions that can produce strong wave impedance interfaces include coal seams, igneous rock interfaces, unconformities, seawater surfaces and seabed surfaces. Therefore, we select wells in the work area that have encountered many strata during the drilling process, and have complete and calibrated logging data and well logging data for reflection coefficient calculation. By comparing the absolute values ​​of the reflection coefficients, we preliminarily determine which set of strong wave impedance geological interfaces, such as coal seams and unconformities, are the sources of multiple waves. During the entire drilling process, logging work can directly and indirectly collect, record and analyze various information from underground. Therefore, logging work includes direct logging and indirect logging. Direct logging is direct observation, such as underground cores, cuttings, oil and gas displays, and geochemical logging; indirect logging is indirect observation, such as drilling, drilling speed, mud performance changes, various geophysical logging, etc. The full name of logging is geological logging. Geological logging is to comprehensively analyze the information collected and recorded directly and indirectly to clarify the location, thickness, fluid properties, etc. of the oil and gas layer, and provide sufficient basis for cementing, oil testing, and determining the depth of completion. It is an important means to cooperate with drilling exploration for oil and gas. It is a method of observing, detecting, judging and analyzing the properties of underground rocks and oil and gas content using a variety of data and parameters during the drilling process. It mainly includes cuttings logging, core logging, drilling logging, fluorescence logging, drilling fluid logging and gas logging. Well logging, also known as geophysical logging, is a method of measuring geophysical parameters using the geophysical properties of rock formations such as electrochemical properties, conductive properties, acoustic properties, and radioactivity. It is one of the applied geophysical methods. When drilling for oil, logging must be carried out after drilling to the designed well depth, also known as completion electrical logging, to obtain various petroleum geological and engineering technical data as the original data for completion and development of oil fields. This type of logging is usually called open hole logging. The second series of logging carried out after casing is completed in the oil well is usually called production logging or development logging. The development of production logging has generally gone through four stages: analog logging, digital logging, CNC logging and imaging logging.

[0008] Based on the actual formation and logging data, the source of multiple waves is determined through model forward analysis. Three geological models are established for forward modeling. The first is to remove strong wave impedance interfaces such as coal seams, leaving only real formation interfaces; the second is to add a set of strong wave impedance interfaces on the basis of the first model; the third is to add another set of strong wave impedance interfaces on the basis of the second model. The forward modeling results show that the reflection interfaces of each formation interface in the first model are clear, the dip angle characteristics of the medium and deep formations are clear, and there are no multiple waves; the second deep layer has obvious full-range multiple waves, and there are no obvious multiple waves between the full-range multiple waves and the coal seam, but the formation reflection intensity is weak, and the effective signal is submerged to a certain extent; the third deep layer has obvious full-range multiple waves, and the interlayer multiple waves between the full-range multiple waves and the coal seam are developed, the target layer is seriously polluted by the multiple waves, and the obvious formation interface can no longer be seen. Therefore, it is confirmed that the added strong wave impedance interface is the main source of multiple waves, and the interlayer multiple waves generated by multiple sets of strong wave impedance reflection interfaces have a more serious impact on the effective signal, and the reliability of seismic data is seriously reduced.

[0009] According to the actual logging data, a single well forward modeling simulation is carried out based on the principle of self-excitation and self-collection and elastic wave equation. The results show that if the influence of strong wave impedance reflection interface such as shallow coal seam is not considered, the waveform characteristics of the two synthetic records made for the target layer under the coal are completely consistent; when the whole well section is forward modeled, as the number and thickness of strong wave impedance interface such as coal seam increase, the difference between the two synthetic records becomes larger and larger, especially in the target layer affected by multiple waves, the waveform, amplitude energy and phase of the two synthetic records are significantly different. This result further proves that strong wave impedance interface such as coal seam is the source of multiple waves.

[0010] The thickness of the source of multiple waves can be used to determine the development range of multiple waves. It is understandable that the sources of multiple waves of different thicknesses have different effects on multiple waves. As the thickness increases, the more multiple waves develop, the more serious the impact on the effective signal. Therefore, the thickness of the source of multiple waves can be used to roughly define the development range of multiple waves.

[0011] In the development range of multiple waves, the development interval of multiple waves is determined according to the reflection coefficient of the waveform between each interface in the exploration data. It can be understood that the absolute value of the reflection coefficient of the interface below the source of the multiple waves is much smaller than the absolute value of the reflection coefficient of the source of the multiple waves. Specifically, when the absolute value of the reflection coefficient of a certain interface below the source of the multiple waves in the development range of the multiple waves is much smaller than the reflection coefficient of other surrounding interfaces, the development interval of the multiple waves can be determined.

[0012] In the layer section where multiple waves develop, the multiple waves are located according to the attenuation of the waveform in the interface in the exploration data. Specifically, due to the attenuation effect of the earth on seismic waves, there is a significant difference in the attenuation process between the primary wave and the multiple waves. Based on the exploration data, such as the attenuation of the waveform in the interface in the seismic data, such as the amplitude and frequency characteristics, the multiple waves can be accurately located in the layer section where multiple waves develop, thereby improving the accuracy of identification.

[0013] The exploration data include one or a combination of well logging data and seismic data. The well logging data also include VSP well logging data obtained by VSP (Vertical Seismic Profiling), a seismic observation method.

[0014] The present invention uses exploration data to gradually determine the source of multiple waves, the development range of multiple waves, the development layer of multiple waves, and finally locates the multiple waves. Compared with related technologies, the present invention can identify multiple waves more comprehensively, systematically and accurately, provide a more realistic and effective removal basis in the process of seismic data processing, and improve the reliability of seismic data.

[0015] In some embodiments, the step of determining the source of multiple waves based on the strong wave impedance interface in the exploration data specifically includes: analyzing the logging data in the exploration data, determining the strong wave impedance interface based on the reflection event axis misalignment phenomenon; determining the source of the multiple waves based on the strong wave impedance interface.

[0016] In this embodiment, the source of the multiple waves is determined by the reflection event mismatch phenomenon in the VSP logging data. Specifically, by observing the VSP upward wave flattening profile, if there is a reflection event mismatch phenomenon in the target layer, then this mismatched event is the multiple wave. The strong wave impedance interface with a strong correlation with the mismatch phenomenon is found upward, which is the source of the multiple waves.

[0017] The source of multiple waves is determined by using VSP logging data. By observing the VSP upward wave flattened profile, if there is a reflection event fault in the target layer, then this faulted event is the multiple wave, and the strong wave impedance interface (such as coal seam, etc.) with a strong correlation with this fault phenomenon is the source of the multiple wave.

[0018] In some embodiments, the step of determining the development range of the multiple waves based on the thickness of the source of the multiple waves specifically includes: determining the planar distribution range of the source of the multiple waves based on the thickness map and well profile map in the exploration data; determining the development range of the multiple waves based on the planar distribution range of the source of the multiple waves and the seismic data in the exploration data.

[0019] In this embodiment, the thickness of the source of the multiple waves is analyzed through the thickness map and the well section map in the exploration data to obtain the plane distribution range of the source of the multiple waves.

[0020] The development range of multiple waves is delineated by the plane distribution range of the source of multiple waves. Specifically, the seismic response characteristics of each source of multiple waves and the impact of the comprehensive response are clarified according to the well logging calibration, and then the plane attributes of the seismic data are used to accurately identify the development range of the source of multiple waves, and then the plane distribution range of multiple sets of sources is combined to delineate the development range of different types of multiple waves.

[0021] Specifically, the development characteristics of the multiple wave source are determined by statistically analyzing the thickness and number of development layers of the multiple wave source based on the drilling data, and comparing and analyzing the thickness map and wells. According to normal sedimentary laws, the multiple wave source generally has two development characteristics: one is that according to the paleo-geomorphological analysis of the source, the thickness gradually decreases in the direction of the bulge; the other is that the lithology of the formation will undergo phase change, that is, one lithology is converted into another lithology, such as coal seams into carbonaceous mudstone.

[0022] Through forward simulation, the influence of the phase change of the source lithology on the generation of multiple waves is determined. Two geological models are established: one is to add two sets of multiple wave sources in addition to the normal strata; the second model is the lithology after the phase change of the upper multiple wave source, and the others are the same as the first model. The forward modeling results show that the two sets of multiple wave sources produce multiple developments throughout the process and between layers, and the effective signal of the target layer below the source is seriously submerged; if the reflection coefficient of the multiple wave source changes from weak to strong, the results are similar to those produced by the two sets of sources; if the reflection coefficient of the multiple wave source changes from strong to weak, multiple waves are developed throughout the target layer below the source, and the interlayer multiple waves are obviously weaker. According to the above theory, the number of source sets of multiple wave development and the influence after phase change are analyzed, and the range of multiple wave development can be roughly delineated.

[0023] According to the simulation of the difference in thickness of the two sources, the influence of different thicknesses on multiple waves is further clarified. Two sets of forward models are established for analysis. The first geological model is that the thickness of the upper source gradually decreases toward the uplift area, and the thickness of the lower source remains unchanged; the second geological model is that the thickness of the upper source remains unchanged, and the lower source gradually thins toward the uplift area. The forward modeling results show that the seismic reflection characteristics of the two models are basically the same, that is, as the thickness increases, the more developed the multiple waves are, the more serious the impact on the effective signal is. Through the above experiments, it is basically clear that the difference in thickness of different sources directly affects the degree of development of multiple waves. Therefore, the development range of multiple waves can be delineated by the plane distribution range of multiple sets of sources.

[0024] Based on the fine calibration of well seismic data, the seismic reflection characteristics of the source are determined. According to the well logging calibration, the seismic response characteristics of each source and the impact of the comprehensive response are clarified, and then the development range of the source is accurately identified by using the plane attributes of the seismic data. Combined with the plane distribution range of multiple sets of sources, the development range of different types of multiple waves is delineated. For example, in the structural slope area, the area where a single set of sources develops is the full-range multiple wave development range, and in the structural groove area, the area where multiple sets of sources develop is the interlayer and full-range multiple wave development range.

[0025] In some embodiments, the step of determining the development range of the multiple waves according to the thickness of the source of the multiple waves specifically further includes: verifying the accuracy of the development range of the multiple waves according to single well forward modeling.

[0026] In this embodiment, the correctness of the multiple wave development range can be confirmed by single well forward evolution to improve the accuracy of determining the multiple wave development range.

[0027] The correctness of the multiple wave development range was confirmed by single-well forward modeling. In the synthetic records based on the elastic wave equation of two typical wells in the structural groove area, interlayer and full-length multiple waves were relatively developed, and the pollution to the effective signal was serious; in the synthetic records based on the elastic wave equation of two typical wells in the structural slope area, only full-length multiple waves were developed, and there were no obvious interlayer multiple waves, and the pollution to the effective signal was light. This result confirmed the accuracy of the multiple wave plane development range.

[0028] In some embodiments, the step of determining the development segment of the multiple waves within the development range of the multiple waves based on the reflection coefficient of the waveform between the interfaces in the exploration data specifically includes: analyzing the reflection coefficient of the waveform between the interfaces within the development range of the multiple waves; determining the first development segment of the multiple waves based on the reflection coefficient; in the first development segment of the multiple waves, determining the development segment of the multiple waves based on the logging data in the exploration data combined with the single well forward modeling.

[0029] In this embodiment, first, within the development range of multiple waves, the reflection coefficient of the waveform between each interface is analyzed to determine the first development layer of the multiple waves. Then, in the first development layer of the multiple waves, VSP logging bridge calibration and single well forward modeling are used to further lock the multiple development layer.

[0030] Among them, the greater the difference in reflection coefficients, the more serious the flooding effect of multiple waves on effective signals. Therefore, by comparing the absolute values ​​of reflection coefficients, the vertical development layer of multiple waves can be determined. From the analysis of the reflection coefficients in the study area, it is known that below the source of multiple waves, the absolute values ​​of reflection coefficients are much smaller than the absolute values ​​of reflection coefficients at the source of multiple waves, and the difference is large, which is easily affected by multiple waves. For example, the absolute value of the reflection coefficient of the Triassic below the source is much smaller than the reflection coefficients of other surrounding layers, so the Triassic is the key layer for the development of multiple waves between layers.

[0031] In some embodiments, in the first development layer section of multiple waves, the step of determining the development layer section of multiple waves according to the logging data in the exploration data combined with the single well forward modeling specifically includes: in the first development layer section of multiple waves, determining the position of the longitudinal development of the multiple waves according to the corridor stacking profile before and after the deconvolution of the logging data in the exploration data; locking the longitudinal phase axis position of the multiple waves according to the single well forward modeling; determining the development layer section of the multiple waves according to the longitudinal development position of the multiple waves and the longitudinal phase axis position of the multiple waves.

[0032] In this embodiment, in the first development layer of multiple waves, VSP logging bridge calibration is adopted, and the VSP corridor stacked sections before and after deconvolution are compared, so that the position of the longitudinal development of multiple waves can be accurately located. The single well forward modeling can also further lock the longitudinal phase axis position of the multiple waves, and through the self-excitation and self-receiving and the full wave equation synthetic record containing multiple waves and seismic data calibration, the longitudinal layer section where the multiple waves are developed can be locked more accurately.

[0033] VSP logging bridge calibration and single-well forward modeling are used to further lock multiple development intervals. From the VSP full wave field gathers before deconvolution, it can be seen that multiple waves seriously pollute the effective signals of the sub-source formation; and the comparison of the VSP corridor stacking profiles before and after deconvolution can accurately locate the position of the longitudinal development of multiple waves. Single-well forward modeling can also further lock the position of the longitudinal phase axis of multiple waves, and through self-excitation and self-reception and full wave equation synthetic records containing multiple waves and seismic data calibration, the vertical intervals where multiple waves develop can be locked more accurately.

[0034] In some embodiments, within the layer section where multiple waves develop, the step of locating multiple waves based on the attenuation of the waveform at the interface in the exploration data specifically includes: within the layer section where multiple waves develop, determining the attenuation of the waveform at the interface based on the frequency and amplitude of the waveform; locating the multiple waves based on the attenuation of the waveform at the interface.

[0035] In this embodiment, within the layer section where multiple waves develop, the attenuation of the waveform in the interface is first determined based on the frequency and amplitude of the waveform; then, based on the attenuation of the waveform in the interface, the multiple waves are accurately located.

[0036] Specifically, assuming that the underground is a horizontal layered medium, the overlying strata are coal seams, and the underlying strata are lithological strata, due to the filtering effect of the earth, the attenuation formula of the seismic wave is:

[0037] A(f,t)=A(f,0)exp(-πft / Q);

[0038] Where: A(f, t) is the relationship function between the seismic wave amplitude and the frequency and time of seismic wave propagation, A(f, 0) is the relationship function between the seismic wave amplitude and the seismic wave propagation frequency at the initial moment, f is the seismic wave propagation frequency, unit is Hz, Q is the formation quality factor, t is the one-way travel time of seismic wave propagation, unit is ms, and exp is an exponential function with e as the base.

[0039] Among them, the formation quality factor Q is a physical quantity that indicates the strength of the formation rock's absorption of seismic wave energy. The size of the geological quality factor Q is mainly affected by factors such as temperature, pressure, lithology, frequency, fluid properties in the pores of the rock, and density. However, in conventional oil and gas seismic exploration, other factors have little influence, and it is mainly affected by the density of the formation.

[0040] It can be seen that the strength of the amplitude energy is mainly affected by the frequency and the seismic attenuation coefficient. When the frequency remains unchanged or changes little, for the primary wave, the amplitude at point Y is:

[0041]

[0042] Where: A(f) is the amplitude of the primary wave at point Y, A0(f) is the amplitude value, Q1 is the geological quality factor of the previous stratum, Q2 is the geological quality factor of the next stratum, t1 is the one-way travel time of the seismic wave propagating to the previous stratum, in ms, and t2 is the one-way travel time of the seismic wave propagating to the next stratum, in ms.

[0043] For multiple waves, the amplitude at point Y is:

[0044]

[0045] Where: B(f) is the amplitude of the multiple waves at point Y.

[0046] Assuming the amplitude ratio of the primary wave to the multiple waves is D(f), we have:

[0047]

[0048] Generally, if Q1>Q2, then D(f)<1, that is, the primary wave decays quickly in energy, while the multiple waves decay slowly. Further, in terms of frequency, let the two frequencies be f1 and f2, f1>f2, from which we can get the ratio of the amplitude ratio of the primary wave to the multiple waves of different frequencies is:

[0049]

[0050] Where: f1 is the frequency of the primary wave, f2 is the frequency of the multiple waves, D(f1) is the amplitude of the primary wave, and D(f2) is the amplitude of the multiple waves.

[0051] Since f1 > f2, it is certain that D(f1) < D(f2). From this, it can be known that the amplitude ratio of the primary wave to the multiple wave at high frequencies is smaller than that at low frequencies. This indicates that the primary wave attenuates faster at high frequencies relative to the multiple wave. Therefore, the multiple wave can be accurately located based on the amplitude and frequency characteristics of the seismic data, and then the multiple wave can be more intuitively and efficiently identified and suppressed.

[0052] According to the second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for identifying multiple waves, the apparatus including a module for executing a method for identifying multiple waves in the first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.

[0053] In this embodiment, an apparatus for identifying multiple waves is proposed, and the apparatus includes:

[0054] A receiving module, configured to receive exploration data of a target area;

[0055] A first determination module, configured to determine the source of the multiple wave according to a strong wave impedance interface in the exploration data;

[0056] A second determination module, configured to determine the development range of the multiple wave according to the thickness of the source of the multiple wave;

[0057] A third determination module, configured to determine the development layer segment of the multiple wave within the development range of the multiple wave according to the reflection coefficient of the waveform between interfaces in the exploration data;

[0058] A positioning module, configured to position the multiple wave within the development layer segment of the multiple wave according to the attenuation condition of the waveform in the interface in the exploration data.

[0059] In this embodiment, first, the exploration data of the target area is received, and then, according to the strong wave impedance interface in the exploration data, the source of the multiple wave is determined. That is, within the selected target area (such as a work area, etc.), according to the exploration data, it is determined which strong wave impedance geological interfaces exist, such as coal seams and unconformities, etc. Further, among these strong wave impedance geological interfaces, the source that is likely to generate multiple waves is initially determined.

[0060] Through the thickness of the source of the multiple wave, the development range of the multiple wave can be determined. It can be understood that the sources of multiple waves with different thicknesses have different effects on the multiple wave, and as the thickness increases, the multiple wave is more developed and the impact on the effective signal is more serious. Therefore, through the thickness of the source of the multiple wave, the development range of the multiple wave can be roughly delineated.

[0061] In the development range of multiple waves, the development interval of multiple waves is determined according to the reflection coefficient of the waveform between each interface in the exploration data. It can be understood that the absolute value of the reflection coefficient of the interface below the source of the multiple waves is much smaller than the absolute value of the reflection coefficient of the source of the multiple waves. Specifically, when the absolute value of the reflection coefficient of a certain interface below the source of the multiple waves in the development range of the multiple waves is much smaller than the reflection coefficient of other surrounding interfaces, the development interval of the multiple waves can be determined.

[0062] In the layer section where multiple waves develop, the multiple waves are located according to the attenuation of the waveform in the interface in the exploration data. Specifically, due to the attenuation effect of the earth on seismic waves, there is a significant difference in the attenuation process between the primary wave and the multiple waves. Based on the exploration data, such as the attenuation of the waveform in the interface in the seismic data, such as the amplitude and frequency characteristics, the multiple waves can be accurately located in the layer section where multiple waves develop, thereby improving the accuracy of identification.

[0063] The exploration data include one or a combination of well logging data and seismic data. The well logging data also include VSP well logging data obtained by VSP (Vertical Seismic Profiling), a seismic observation method.

[0064] The present invention uses exploration data to gradually determine the source of multiple waves, the development range of multiple waves, the development layer of multiple waves, and finally locates the multiple waves. Compared with related technologies, the present invention can identify multiple waves more comprehensively, systematically and accurately, provide a more realistic and effective removal basis in the process of seismic data processing, and improve the reliability of seismic data.

[0065] The implementation process of the functions and effects of each module in the above-mentioned device is specifically described in the implementation process of the corresponding steps in the above-mentioned method, which will not be repeated here.

[0066] According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method for identifying multiple waves in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect.

[0067] According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, the steps of the method for identifying multiple waves in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect are implemented.

[0068] The technical solution provided by the present invention brings at least the following beneficial effects:

[0069] (1) The present invention can locate and identify multiple waves more comprehensively and systematically based on the source of multiple waves, the range of development, the development layer and the attenuation of multiple waves, provide a more realistic and effective removal basis in the process of seismic data processing, improve the reliability of seismic data, and has great significance for petroleum seismic exploration.

[0070] (2) The multiple wave identification method provided by the present invention can fully identify the information related to the multiple wave interference, the wave group inconsistent with the formation dip disappears, and the imaging quality of the seismic data is improved; by comparing the formation dip of the seismic data with the dip measured by well logging, the coincidence rate is 98%, which effectively solves the problem of low quality of seismic data affected by multiple waves in related technologies and provides important support for improving the quality of seismic data. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0071] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

[0072] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or related technical descriptions are briefly introduced below. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.

[0073] Figure 1 One of the flow charts of the multiple wave identification method provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0074] Figure 2 A cross-sectional comparison diagram before and after multiple wave removal provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0075] Figure 3 The second flowchart of the method for identifying multiple waves provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0076] Figure 4 A schematic block diagram of the structure of a multiple wave identification device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0077] Figure 5 A schematic block diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0078] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the process of identifying and suppressing multiple waves in the multiple wave identification method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0079] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0080] Figure 1 The flowchart of the multiple wave identification method applicable to the embodiment of the present invention is schematically shown.

[0081] See also Figure 1 The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for identifying multiple waves, which may include the following steps:

[0082] Step S101, receiving exploration data of a target area;

[0083] Step S102, determining the source of the multiple waves according to the strong wave impedance interface in the exploration data;

[0084] Step S103, determining the development range of the multiple waves according to the thickness of the source of the multiple waves;

[0085] Step S104, within the development range of the multiple waves, according to the reflection coefficients of the waveforms between the interfaces in the exploration data, determining the development layer section of the multiple waves;

[0086] Step S105: In the layer section where multiple waves are developed, multiple waves are located according to the attenuation of waveforms in the interface in the exploration data.

[0087] In this embodiment, the exploration data of the target area is first received, and then the source of the multiple waves is determined based on the strong wave impedance interface in the exploration data. That is, in the selected target area (such as a work area, etc.), the strong wave impedance geological interfaces, such as coal seams and unconformities, are determined based on the exploration data, and further, the source that is prone to generate multiple waves is preliminarily determined in these strong wave impedance geological interfaces.

[0088] The thickness of the source of multiple waves can be used to determine the development range of multiple waves. It is understandable that the sources of multiple waves of different thicknesses have different effects on multiple waves. As the thickness increases, the more multiple waves develop, the more serious the impact on the effective signal. Therefore, the thickness of the source of multiple waves can be used to roughly define the development range of multiple waves.

[0089] In the development range of multiple waves, the development interval of multiple waves is determined according to the reflection coefficient of the waveform between each interface in the exploration data. It can be understood that the absolute value of the reflection coefficient of the interface below the source of the multiple waves is much smaller than the absolute value of the reflection coefficient of the source of the multiple waves. Specifically, when the absolute value of the reflection coefficient of a certain interface below the source of the multiple waves in the development range of the multiple waves is much smaller than the reflection coefficient of other surrounding interfaces, the development interval of the multiple waves can be determined.

[0090] In the layer section where multiple waves develop, the multiple waves are located according to the attenuation of the waveform in the interface in the exploration data. Specifically, due to the attenuation effect of the earth on seismic waves, there is a significant difference in the attenuation process between the primary wave and the multiple waves. Based on the exploration data, such as the attenuation of the waveform in the interface in the seismic data, such as the amplitude and frequency characteristics, the multiple waves can be accurately located in the layer section where multiple waves develop, thereby improving the accuracy of identification.

[0091] The exploration data include one or a combination of well logging data and seismic data. The well logging data also include VSP well logging data obtained by VSP (Vertical Seismic Profiling), a seismic observation method.

[0092] The present invention uses exploration data to gradually determine the source of multiple waves, the development range of multiple waves, the development layer of multiple waves, and finally locates the multiple waves. Compared with related technologies, the present invention can identify multiple waves more comprehensively, systematically and accurately, provide a more realistic and effective removal basis in the process of seismic data processing, and improve the reliability of seismic data.

[0093] In some embodiments, the step of determining the source of multiple waves based on the strong wave impedance interface in the exploration data specifically includes: analyzing the logging data in the exploration data, determining the strong wave impedance interface based on the reflection event axis misalignment phenomenon; determining the source of the multiple waves based on the strong wave impedance interface.

[0094] In this embodiment, the source of the multiple waves is determined by the reflection event mismatch phenomenon in the VSP logging data. Specifically, by observing the VSP upward wave flattening profile, if there is a reflection event mismatch phenomenon in the target layer, then this mismatched event is the multiple wave. The strong wave impedance interface with a strong correlation with the mismatch phenomenon is found upward, which is the source of the multiple waves.

[0095] In some embodiments, the step of determining the development range of the multiple waves based on the thickness of the source of the multiple waves specifically includes: determining the planar distribution range of the source of the multiple waves based on the thickness map and well profile map in the exploration data; determining the development range of the multiple waves based on the planar distribution range of the source of the multiple waves and the seismic data in the exploration data.

[0096] In this embodiment, the thickness of the source of the multiple waves is analyzed through the thickness map and the well section map in the exploration data to obtain the plane distribution range of the source of the multiple waves.

[0097] The development range of multiple waves is delineated by the plane distribution range of the source of multiple waves. Specifically, the seismic response characteristics of each source of multiple waves and the impact of the comprehensive response are clarified according to the well logging calibration, and then the plane attributes of the seismic data are used to accurately identify the development range of the source of multiple waves, and then the plane distribution range of multiple sets of sources is combined to delineate the development range of different types of multiple waves.

[0098] In some embodiments, the step of determining the development range of the multiple waves according to the thickness of the source of the multiple waves specifically further includes: verifying the accuracy of the development range of the multiple waves according to single well forward modeling.

[0099] In this embodiment, the correctness of the multiple wave development range can be confirmed by single well forward evolution to improve the accuracy of determining the multiple wave development range.

[0100] In some embodiments, the step of determining the development segment of the multiple waves within the development range of the multiple waves based on the reflection coefficient of the waveform between the interfaces in the exploration data specifically includes: analyzing the reflection coefficient of the waveform between the interfaces within the development range of the multiple waves; determining the first development segment of the multiple waves based on the reflection coefficient; in the first development segment of the multiple waves, determining the development segment of the multiple waves based on the logging data in the exploration data combined with the single well forward modeling.

[0101] In this embodiment, first, the reflection coefficient is analyzed to determine the first development interval of multiple waves, and then, in the first development interval of multiple waves, VSP logging bridge calibration and single well forward modeling are used to further lock the multiple development interval.

[0102] In some embodiments, in the first development layer section of multiple waves, the step of determining the development layer section of multiple waves according to the logging data in the exploration data combined with the single well forward modeling specifically includes: in the first development layer section of multiple waves, determining the position of the longitudinal development of the multiple waves according to the corridor stacking profile before and after the deconvolution of the logging data in the exploration data; locking the longitudinal phase axis position of the multiple waves according to the single well forward modeling; determining the development layer section of the multiple waves according to the longitudinal development position of the multiple waves and the longitudinal phase axis position of the multiple waves.

[0103] In this embodiment, in the first development layer of multiple waves, VSP logging bridge calibration is adopted, and the VSP corridor stacked sections before and after deconvolution are compared, so that the position of the longitudinal development of multiple waves can be accurately located. The single well forward modeling can also further lock the longitudinal phase axis position of the multiple waves, and through the self-excitation and self-receiving and the full wave equation synthetic record containing multiple waves and seismic data calibration, the longitudinal layer section where the multiple waves are developed can be locked more accurately.

[0104] In some embodiments, within the layer section where multiple waves develop, the step of locating multiple waves based on the attenuation of the waveform at the interface in the exploration data specifically includes: within the layer section where multiple waves develop, determining the attenuation of the waveform at the interface based on the frequency and amplitude of the waveform; locating the multiple waves based on the attenuation of the waveform at the interface.

[0105] In this embodiment, since the earth has an attenuation effect on seismic waves and the impedance values ​​of different strata are different, there is a significant difference in the attenuation process between primary waves and multiple waves. The multiple waves are accurately located based on the amplitude and frequency characteristics of the seismic data.

[0106] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the process of identifying and suppressing multiple waves in the multiple wave identification method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 , Figure 6 The process of identifying and suppressing multiple waves according to the identification method of multiple waves according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. In the groove area, the source of the multiple waves is two sets of coal seams in the A and B areas, which is mainly the development range of the coal seams in the A area. Both interlayer and full-range multiple waves are developed. Vertically, the interlayer multiple waves are mainly developed in the Triassic system, and the full-range multiple waves are mainly developed in the Permian system and below. The source of the multiple waves in the slope area is two sets of coal seams in the B area, which is mainly the development range of the carbonaceous mudstone in the A area and the coal seams in the B area. The interlayer multiple waves are not developed, and the full-range multiple waves are mainly developed. Vertically, the full-range multiple waves are mainly developed in the Permian system and below.

[0107] Based on the principle, the source of multiple waves is found. In the embodiment, the geological conditions that can produce strong wave impedance interfaces include coal seams, igneous rock interfaces, unconformity surfaces, etc. Wells with many strata encountered during the drilling process in the work area, complete and calibrated logging data and well logging data are selected for reflection coefficient calculation. By comparing the absolute values ​​of the reflection coefficients, it is preliminarily determined that the source that is prone to multiple waves is the coal seam;

[0108] The VSP logging data is used to determine the source of the multiple waves. By observing the VSP upward wave flattened profile, there is a reflection phase axis mismatch phenomenon in the target layer. This mismatched phase axis is the multiple wave. The coal seam with a strong correlation with this mismatch phenomenon is found upward, and the source of the multiple waves is further determined to be the coal seam.

[0109] Based on the actual formation and logging data, the forward modeling analysis determines the source of multiple waves. Three geological models are established for forward modeling. The first is to remove the coal seam and only have the real formation interface; the second is to add a set of coal seams on the basis of the first model; the third is to add another set of coal seams on the basis of the second model. The forward modeling results show that in the first type, the reflection interface of each formation interface is clear, the dip angle characteristics of the medium and deep formations are clear, and there are no multiple waves; in the second type, obvious full-range multiple waves appear in the deep layer, and there are no obvious multiples in the target layer, the Permian and Triassic systems, but the formation reflection intensity is weak, and the effective signal is submerged to a certain extent; in the third type, obvious full-range multiple waves and interlayer multiple waves appear in the middle and deep layers, and the target layer, the Permian and Triassic systems, are seriously polluted by multiple waves, and no obvious formation interface can be seen. Therefore, it is confirmed that the coal seam is the main source of multiple waves, and the interlayer multiple waves generated by the two sets of coal seams have a more serious impact on the effective signal, and the reliability of seismic data is seriously reduced.

[0110] According to the actual logging data, a single well forward modeling was performed based on the principle of self-excitation and elastic wave equation. The results show that if the influence of shallow coal seams is not taken into account, the waveform characteristics of the two synthetic records made for the target layer, the Permian and Triassic, are completely consistent; when the whole well section is forward modeled, as the number and thickness of coal seams increase, the difference between the two synthetic records becomes larger and larger, especially in the Permian and Triassic target layers, affected by multiple waves, the waveform, amplitude energy and phase of the two synthetic records are significantly different. This result further proves that the coal seam is the source of multiple waves.

[0111] Determine the development characteristics of the coal seam, count the thickness of the coal seam and the number of developed layers according to the drilling data, and compare and analyze through thickness maps and well connections. The coal seam in the embodiment has two development characteristics: one is that the thickness gradually decreases toward the bulge direction; the other is that phase change occurs, and the coal seam in the slope area is transformed into carbonaceous mudstone.

[0112] Through forward simulation, it is determined whether multiple waves are generated after phase change. Two geological models are established: one is to add two sets of coal seams in addition to the normal strata; the second model is that the upper part is carbonaceous mudstone, and the rest is the same as the first model. The forward modeling results show that the full-process and interlayer multiples generated by the two sets of coal seams are developed, and the effective signals of the target layer, the Triassic, are seriously submerged; when the upper part is carbonaceous mudstone, the target layer, the Triassic, only has the full-process multiple waves generated by the lower coal seam, and there are no obvious interlayer multiple waves, which confirms that the carbonaceous mudstone wave impedance value is small and contributes little to the generation of multiple waves. Only the thickness of the coal seam needs to be analyzed.

[0113] In order to further verify the influence of coal seam thickness on multiple waves, forward modeling was also used to establish two sets of forward modeling models for analysis. The first geological model is that the thickness of the upper coal seam gradually decreases toward the uplift area, and the thickness of the lower coal seam remains unchanged; the second geological model is that the thickness of the upper coal seam remains unchanged, and the lower coal seam gradually thins toward the uplift area. The forward modeling results show that the seismic reflection characteristics of the two models are basically the same, that is, as the thickness increases, the more developed the multiple waves are, the more serious the impact on the effective signal is. Through the above experiments, it is basically clear that the development range of multiple waves can be delineated by the plane distribution range of multiple sets of sources.

[0114] Based on the fine calibration of well seismic data, the seismic reflection characteristics of the source are determined, and the development range of the coal seams is accurately identified by using the plane attributes of the seismic data. Then, combined with the plane distribution range of the two sets of coal seams, the development range of different types of multiple waves is delineated. Among them, the structural slope area, that is, the area where a single set of coal seams develops, is the full-range multiple wave development range, and the structural groove area, that is, the area where two sets of coal seams develop, is the interlayer and full-range multiple wave development range.

[0115] The correctness of the multiple wave development range was confirmed by single-well forward modeling. In the synthetic records based on the elastic wave equation of two typical wells in the structural groove area, interlayer and full-length multiple waves were relatively developed, and the pollution to the effective signal was serious; in the synthetic records based on the elastic wave equation of two typical wells in the structural slope area, only full-length multiple waves were developed, and there were no obvious interlayer multiple waves, and the pollution to the effective signal was light. This result confirmed the accuracy of the multiple wave plane development range.

[0116] The greater the difference in reflection coefficients, the more serious the flooding effect of multiple waves on effective signals. Therefore, by comparing the absolute values ​​of reflection coefficients, the vertical development layer of multiple waves can be determined. From the analysis of reflection coefficients in the study area, it is known that below the source of multiple waves, the absolute values ​​of reflection coefficients are much smaller than the absolute values ​​of reflection coefficients at the source of multiple waves, and the difference is large, which is easily affected by multiple waves. For example, the absolute value of reflection coefficient of the Triassic below the source is much smaller than the reflection coefficient of other surrounding layers, so the Triassic is the key layer for the development of multiple waves between layers.

[0117] VSP logging bridge calibration and single-well forward modeling are used to further lock multiple development intervals. From the VSP full wave field gathers before deconvolution, it can be seen that multiple waves seriously pollute the effective signals of the sub-source formation; and the comparison of the VSP corridor stacking profiles before and after deconvolution can accurately locate the position of the longitudinal development of multiple waves. Single-well forward modeling can also further lock the position of the longitudinal phase axis of multiple waves, and through self-excitation and self-reception and full wave equation synthetic records containing multiple waves and seismic data calibration, the vertical intervals where multiple waves develop can be locked more accurately.

[0118] Since the earth attenuates seismic waves and the impedance values ​​of different strata are different, there are obvious differences in the attenuation process between primary waves and multiple waves.

[0119] Assuming that the underground is a horizontal layered medium, the overlying strata are coal seams, and the underlying strata are lithological strata, due to the filtering effect of the earth, the attenuation formula of the seismic wave is:

[0120] A(f,t)=A(f,0)exp(-πft / Q);

[0121] Where: A(f, t) is the relationship function between the seismic wave amplitude and the frequency and time of seismic wave propagation, A(f, 0) is the relationship function between the seismic wave amplitude and the seismic wave propagation frequency at the initial moment, f is the seismic wave propagation frequency, the unit is Hz, Q is the formation quality factor, t is the one-way travel time of seismic wave propagation, the unit is ms, and exp is an exponential function with e as the base.

[0122] Among them, the formation quality factor Q is a physical quantity that indicates the strength of the formation rock's absorption of seismic wave energy. The size of the geological quality factor Q is mainly affected by factors such as temperature, pressure, lithology, frequency, fluid properties in the pores of the rock, and density. However, in conventional oil and gas seismic exploration, other factors have little influence, and it is mainly affected by the density of the formation.

[0123] It can be seen that the strength of the amplitude energy is mainly affected by the frequency and the seismic attenuation coefficient. When the frequency remains unchanged or changes little, for the primary wave, the amplitude at point Y is:

[0124]

[0125] Where: A(f) is the amplitude of the primary wave at point Y, A0(f) is the amplitude value, Q1 is the geological quality factor of the previous stratum, Q2 is the geological quality factor of the next stratum, t1 is the one-way travel time of the seismic wave propagating to the previous stratum, in ms, and t2 is the one-way travel time of the seismic wave propagating to the next stratum, in ms.

[0126] For multiple waves, the amplitude at point Y is:

[0127]

[0128] Among them, point Y can be understood as the position where the seismic wave reaches at a certain moment when the seismic wave propagates in the stratum. It can also be said to be any position in the process of seismic wave propagation.

[0129] Assuming the amplitude ratio of the primary wave to the multiple waves is D(f), we have:

[0130]

[0131] Among them, for example, Q1 is the quality factor of the coal seam, and Q2 is the quality factor of the lithologic formation. Generally, the coal seam is relatively dense, so generally Q1 > Q2, then there must be D(f) < 1, that is, the primary wave attenuates rapidly in energy, and the multiple wave attenuates slowly. Further, in terms of frequency, let the two frequencies be f1 and f2, f1 > f2, and thus the ratio of the amplitude ratios of the primary wave and the multiple wave at different frequencies can be obtained as follows:

[0132]

[0133] Since f1 > f2, then there must be D(f1) < D(f2). From this, it can be known that the amplitude ratio of the primary wave to the multiple wave at high frequencies is smaller than that at low frequencies. This shows that relative to the multiple wave, the primary wave attenuates faster at high frequencies. Therefore, the multiple wave can be accurately located based on the amplitude and frequency characteristics of the seismic data.

[0134] Specifically, in the well-free area, the multiple wave is qualitatively identified mainly based on the comprehensive seismic response. Due to the wave attenuation effect of the earth on seismic waves, there are obvious differences between the primary wave and the multiple wave during the attenuation process. The multiple wave is accurately located mainly based on the amplitude and frequency characteristics of the seismic data. Based on the forward modeling analysis of the multiple wave at different frequencies and the energy profile attributes derived from the seismic data, the differences between the primary wave and the multiple wave in frequency and energy are verified. The forward modeling results show that there are in-phase axes with relatively strong energy related to the coal seam in the Triassic-Jurassic series on the forward modeling section of the multiple wave, and it can be clearly seen from the time-frequency section of the forward modeling section that the main frequency of the primary wave moves towards the low-frequency direction as the burial depth increases. On the energy profile of the actual seismic data, the in-phase axis energy of the Triassic-Jurassic series is relatively strong on the energy profile before removing the multiple wave.

[0135] The present invention can more comprehensively, systematically, and accurately identify the multiple wave from four major steps: determining the source of the multiple wave, determining the development range of the multiple wave, determining the development interval of the multiple wave, and locating the multiple wave, providing a more real and effective removal basis for the seismic data processing process and improving the reliability of the seismic data.

[0136] The multiple wave identification method provided by the present invention can comprehensively identify the information related to the multiple wave interference. The wave group inconsistent with the formation attitude disappears, and the imaging quality of the seismic data becomes better; by comparing the formation dip angle of the seismic data with the measured dip angle of the logging, the coincidence rate is 98%. It provides an important support for improving the quality of seismic data for the problem that the quality of seismic data is not high due to the influence of the multiple wave in the related technology in the deep layer.

[0137] As Figure 2 shown, a comparison diagram of the seismic profile in the groove area before and after removing the multiple wave is shown. From Figure 2It can be seen that the difference between the multiple waves in the seismic profile of the groove area before and after removal is that the wave group inconsistent with the formation attitude disappears after removal, and the imaging quality of the seismic data is significantly improved. It can be seen that the quality of the seismic data has been improved.

[0138] Figure 3 The flowchart of the multiple wave identification method applicable to the embodiment of the present invention is schematically shown.

[0139] See also Figure 3 The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for identifying multiple waves, which may include the following steps:

[0140] Step S301, receiving exploration data of a target area;

[0141] Step S302, performing analysis based on geological knowledge;

[0142] Step S303, determining the source of the multiple waves according to the strong wave impedance interface in the exploration data;

[0143] Step S304, determining the development range of the multiple waves according to the thickness of the source of the multiple waves;

[0144] Step S305, within the development range of the multiple waves, determine the development layer of the multiple waves according to the reflection coefficient of the waveform between the interfaces in the exploration data;

[0145] Step S306, in the multiple wave development interval, locating the multiple waves according to the attenuation of the waveform in the interface in the exploration data;

[0146] Step S307, determining a multiple wave suppression scheme;

[0147] Step S308: Generate achievement data.

[0148] In this embodiment, the exploration data of the target area is first received, and driven by geological knowledge, the source, development range, and development layer of the multiple waves are analyzed, and then the multiple waves are identified based on the seismic response. This can identify the multiple waves more comprehensively, systematically, and accurately, provide a more realistic and effective removal basis for the seismic data processing process, further determine the multiple wave suppression plan, form high-fidelity results data, and improve the reliability of the seismic data.

[0149] Among them, geological understanding refers to the researchers' understanding of the geological profile of the target layer in the study area (including sedimentary thickness, stratigraphic inclination, sedimentary period, lithology, etc.) and the geological profile of the multiple wave source (such as coal seam, gypsum layer, etc.) (including sedimentary thickness, stratigraphic inclination, sedimentary period, lithology, etc.).

[0150] Based on the same inventive concept, Figure 4As shown, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a multiple wave identification device 400.

[0151] Reference Figure 4 As shown, the multiple wave identification device 400 applicable to the embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0152] A receiving module 402 is used to receive exploration data of a target area;

[0153] The first determination module 404 is used to determine the source of the multiple waves according to the strong wave impedance interface in the exploration data;

[0154] The second determination module 406 is used to determine the development range of the multiple waves according to the thickness of the source of the multiple waves;

[0155] The third determination module 408 is used to determine the development layer of the multiple waves according to the reflection coefficient of the waveform between each interface in the exploration data within the development range of the multiple waves;

[0156] The positioning module 410 is used to locate the multiple waves in the development layer section of the multiple waves according to the attenuation of the waveform in the interface in the exploration data.

[0157] In this embodiment, the exploration data of the target area is first received, and then the source of the multiple waves is determined based on the strong wave impedance interface in the exploration data. That is, in the selected target area (such as a work area, etc.), the strong wave impedance geological interfaces, such as coal seams and unconformities, are determined based on the exploration data, and further, the source that is prone to generate multiple waves is preliminarily determined in these strong wave impedance geological interfaces.

[0158] The thickness of the source of multiple waves can be used to determine the development range of multiple waves. It is understandable that the sources of multiple waves of different thicknesses have different effects on multiple waves. As the thickness increases, the more multiple waves develop, the more serious the impact on the effective signal. Therefore, the thickness of the source of multiple waves can be used to roughly define the development range of multiple waves.

[0159] In the development range of multiple waves, the development interval of multiple waves is determined according to the reflection coefficient of the waveform between each interface in the exploration data. It can be understood that the absolute value of the reflection coefficient of the interface below the source of the multiple waves is much smaller than the absolute value of the reflection coefficient of the source of the multiple waves. Specifically, when the absolute value of the reflection coefficient of a certain interface below the source of the multiple waves in the development range of the multiple waves is much smaller than the reflection coefficient of other surrounding interfaces, the development interval of the multiple waves can be determined.

[0160] In the layer section where multiple waves develop, the multiple waves are located according to the attenuation of the waveform in the interface in the exploration data. Specifically, due to the attenuation effect of the earth on seismic waves, there is a significant difference in the attenuation process between the primary wave and the multiple waves. Based on the exploration data, such as the attenuation of the waveform in the interface in the seismic data, such as the amplitude and frequency characteristics, the multiple waves can be accurately located in the layer section where multiple waves develop, thereby improving the accuracy of identification.

[0161] The exploration data include one or a combination of well logging data and seismic data. The well logging data also include VSP well logging data obtained by VSP (Vertical Seismic Profiling), a seismic observation method.

[0162] The present invention uses exploration data to gradually determine the source of multiple waves, the development range of multiple waves, the development layer of multiple waves, and finally locates the multiple waves. Compared with related technologies, the present invention can identify multiple waves more comprehensively, systematically and accurately, provide a more realistic and effective removal basis in the process of seismic data processing, and improve the reliability of seismic data.

[0163] In some embodiments, the first determination module includes a first determination submodule, which is used to analyze logging data in the exploration data, determine the strong wave impedance interface based on the reflection event axis misalignment phenomenon, and determine the source of the multiple waves based on the strong wave impedance interface.

[0164] In some embodiments, the second determination module includes a second determination submodule, which is used to determine the planar distribution range of the source of the multiple waves based on the thickness map and the well profile map in the exploration data; and determine the development range of the multiple waves based on the planar distribution range of the source of the multiple waves and the seismic data in the exploration data.

[0165] In some embodiments, the second determination module further includes a verification module for verifying the accuracy of the development range of the multiple waves according to the single well forward modeling.

[0166] In some embodiments, the third determination module includes a third determination submodule, which is used to analyze the reflection coefficient of the waveform between each interface within the development range of the multiple waves; determine the first development layer section of the multiple waves based on the reflection coefficient; in the first development layer section of the multiple waves, determine the development layer section of the multiple waves based on the logging data in the exploration data combined with the single well forward modeling.

[0167] In some embodiments, the third determination module also includes a fourth determination submodule, which is used to determine the position of the longitudinal development of the multiple waves in the first development layer segment of the multiple waves according to the corridor stacking profile before and after the deconvolution of the logging data in the exploration data; lock the longitudinal phase axis position of the multiple waves according to the single well forward modeling; and determine the development layer segment of the multiple waves according to the position of the longitudinal development of the multiple waves and the longitudinal phase axis position of the multiple waves.

[0168] In some embodiments, the positioning module includes a positioning submodule, which is used to determine the attenuation of the waveform in the interface according to the frequency and amplitude of the waveform within the development layer of the multiple waves; and locate the multiple waves according to the attenuation of the waveform in the interface.

[0169] The implementation process of the functions and effects of each module in the above-mentioned device is specifically described in the implementation process of the corresponding steps in the above-mentioned method, which will not be repeated here.

[0170] For the device embodiment, since it basically corresponds to the method embodiment, the relevant parts can refer to the partial description of the method embodiment. The device embodiment described above is only schematic, in which the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the scheme of the present invention. Ordinary technicians in this field can understand and implement it without paying creative work.

[0171] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a storage medium on which a computer program is stored. When the program is executed by a processor, the steps of the multiple wave identification method in any possible implementation manner described above are implemented.

[0172] Optionally, the storage medium may be a non-temporary computer-readable storage medium, for example, the non-temporary computer-readable storage medium may be a ROM (Read-Only Memory), a RAM (Random Access Memory), a CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read-Only Memory), a magnetic tape, a floppy disk, and an optical data storage device, etc.

[0173] Based on the same inventive concept, see Figure 5The embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device 500, including a memory 502 (such as a non-volatile memory), a processor 504, and a computer program stored in the memory 502 and executable on the processor 504. When the processor 504 executes the program, the steps of the multiple wave identification method in any possible implementation manner described above are implemented, which may be equivalent to the multiple wave identification device described above. Of course, the processor may also be used to process other data or operations. The electronic device may be a PC, a server, a terminal, or other equipment.

[0174] It should be noted that the above-mentioned multiple wave identification device can be implemented by software. As a device in a logical sense, it is formed by the processor 504 of the electronic device 500 in which it is located reading the computer program instructions stored in the non-volatile memory into the memory 502 for execution.

[0175] The embodiments of the subject matter and functional operations described in this specification may be implemented in the following: digital electronic circuits, tangibly embodied computer software or firmware, computer hardware including the structures disclosed in this specification and their structural equivalents, or a combination of one or more of them. The embodiments of the subject matter described in this specification may be implemented as one or more computer programs, i.e., one or more modules in computer program instructions encoded on a tangible non-temporary program carrier to be executed by a data processing device or to control the operation of the data processing device. Alternatively or additionally, the program instructions may be encoded on an artificially generated propagation signal, such as a machine-generated electrical, optical or electromagnetic signal, which is generated to encode information and transmit it to a suitable receiver device for execution by a data processing device. The computer storage medium may be a machine-readable storage device, a machine-readable storage substrate, a random or serial access memory device, or a combination of one or more of them.

[0176] The processes and logic flows described in this specification may be performed by one or more programmable computers executing one or more computer programs to perform corresponding functions by operating on input data and generating output. The processes and logic flows may also be performed by a dedicated logic circuit, such as an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) or an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), and the apparatus may also be implemented as a dedicated logic circuit.

[0177] Computers suitable for executing computer programs include, for example, general and / or special microprocessors, or any other type of central processing unit. Typically, the central processing unit will receive instructions and data from a read-only memory and / or a random access memory. The basic components of a computer include a central processing unit for implementing or executing instructions and one or more memory devices for storing instructions and data. Typically, the computer will also include one or more large-capacity storage devices for storing data, such as disks, magneto-optical disks, or optical disks, or the computer will be operably coupled to this large-capacity storage device to receive data from it or transmit data to it, or both. However, the computer does not necessarily have such a device. In addition, the computer can be embedded in another device, such as a mobile phone, a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), a mobile audio or video player, a game console, a global positioning system (GPS) receiver, or a portable storage device such as a universal serial bus (USB) flash drive, just to name a few.

[0178] Computer-readable media suitable for storing computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, media and memory devices, including, for example, semiconductor memory devices, such as EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) and flash memory devices, magnetic disks (such as internal hard disks or removable disks), magneto-optical disks, and CD-ROMs and DVD-ROMs (Digital Video Disc-ReadOnly Memory). The processor and memory may be supplemented by or incorporated into special purpose logic circuits.

[0179] Although this specification includes many specific implementation details, these should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of any invention or the scope of protection claimed, but are mainly used to describe the features of the specific embodiments of specific inventions. Certain features described in multiple embodiments in this specification may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. On the other hand, the various features described in a single embodiment may also be implemented separately in multiple embodiments or in any suitable sub-combination. In addition, although the features may work as above in certain combinations and even initially claim protection, one or more features from the claimed combination may be removed from the combination in some cases, and the claimed combination may point to a sub-combination or a variation of a sub-combination.

[0180] Similarly, although operations are depicted in a particular order in the accompanying drawings, this should not be understood as requiring that these operations be performed in the particular order shown or performed sequentially, or requiring that all illustrated operations be performed to achieve the desired results. In some cases, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. In addition, the separation of various system modules and components in the above-described embodiments should not be understood as requiring such separation in all embodiments, and it should be understood that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product, or packaged into multiple software products.

[0181] Thus, specific embodiments of the subject matter have been described. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions recited in the claims can be performed in a different order and still achieve the desired results. In addition, the processes depicted in the drawings do not necessarily require the particular order or sequential order shown to achieve the desired results. In some implementations, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous.

[0182] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0183] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand or implement the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but should conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features applied herein.

Claims

1. A method for identifying multiple waves, characterized in that: The method comprises: Receive exploration data of target areas; Determine the source of the multiple waves based on the strong wave impedance interface in the exploration data; Determining the development range of the multiple waves according to the thickness of the source of the multiple waves; Within the development range of the multiple waves, determining the development layer section of the multiple waves according to the reflection coefficients of the waveforms between the interfaces in the exploration data; In the development layer section of the multiple waves, the multiple waves are located according to the attenuation of the waveforms in the interface in the exploration data.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The step of determining the source of the multiple waves according to the strong wave impedance interface in the exploration data specifically includes: Analyze the logging data in the exploration data, and determine the strong wave impedance interface according to the reflection event axis misalignment phenomenon; The source of the multiple waves is determined according to the strong wave impedance interface.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The step of determining the development range of the multiple waves according to the thickness of the source of the multiple waves specifically includes: Determining the plane distribution range of the source of the multiple waves according to the thickness map and the well section map in the exploration data; The development range of the multiple waves is determined based on the planar distribution range of the source of the multiple waves and the seismic data in the exploration data.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The step of determining the development range of the multiple waves according to the thickness of the source of the multiple waves specifically includes: The accuracy of the development range of the multiple waves is verified based on single well forward modeling.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The step of determining the development layer section of the multiple waves within the development range of the multiple waves according to the reflection coefficient of the waveform between the interfaces in the exploration data specifically includes: Within the development range of the multiple waves, analyzing the reflection coefficient of the waveform between various interfaces; Determining a first development layer segment of the multiple waves according to the reflection coefficient; In the first development layer section of the multiple waves, the development layer section of the multiple waves is determined according to the well logging data in the exploration data in combination with the single well forward modeling.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The step of determining the development layer section of the multiple waves in the first development layer section of the multiple waves according to the well logging data in the exploration data and combined with the single well forward modeling specifically includes: In the first development layer of the multiple waves, the location of the vertical development of the multiple waves is determined according to the corridor stacking sections before and after the deconvolution of the logging data in the exploration data; Locking the longitudinal event axis position of the multiple waves according to the single well forward modeling; The development layer section of the multiple waves is determined according to the position of the longitudinal development of the multiple waves and the position of the longitudinal event axis of the multiple waves.

7. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The step of locating the multiple waves in the development layer section of the multiple waves according to the attenuation of the waveform in the interface in the exploration data specifically includes: In the development layer section of the multiple waves, determining the attenuation of the waveform in the interface according to the frequency and amplitude of the waveform; The multiple waves are located according to the attenuation of the waveform in the interface.

8. A multiple wave identification device, characterized in that: The device comprises: A receiving module, used for receiving exploration data of a target area; A first determination module is used to determine the source of the multiple waves according to the strong wave impedance interface in the exploration data; A second determination module is used to determine the development range of the multiple waves according to the thickness of the source of the multiple waves; A third determination module is used to determine the development layer section of the multiple waves according to the reflection coefficient of the waveform between various interfaces in the exploration data within the development range of the multiple waves; A positioning module is used to locate the multiple waves in the development layer section of the multiple waves according to the attenuation of the waveform in the interface in the exploration data.

9. A storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

10. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that: When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

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