Ultra-small pixel, large aperture, wide-area, high-resolution optical system and design method

Abstract

The present invention provides an ultra-small pixel large aperture wide-area high-resolution optical system and design method, comprising a concentric spherical lens and a large aperture secondary imaging optical system array; the array comprises a plurality of large aperture secondary imaging optical units and a plurality of ultra-large target surface small pixel detectors; each secondary imaging optical unit is arranged behind the spherical primary image plane corresponding to the concentric spherical lens, and on any spherical surface with the center of the concentric spherical lens as the sphere center, and there is an overlapping area between the fields of view of each secondary imaging optical unit, and the arrangement mode between any three adjacent secondary imaging optical units is an isosceles triangle; the opening angle of the edge of the mechanical aperture of each secondary imaging optical unit relative to the sphere center of the concentric spherical lens is smaller than the maximum horizontal opening angle and the maximum vertical opening angle between two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array. The system can reduce the difficulty of assembly and adjustment caused by too many arrays while achieving high-resolution and large-field imaging.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of optical imaging technology, and in particular to an ultra-small pixel, large aperture, wide-area, high-resolution optical system and a design method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the development of optoelectronic imaging and technical imaging, optical processing and detection technology has been continuously improved. The use of single lens plus mechanical scanning and splicing or large target detector direct splicing to achieve large field of view and high resolution has been widely used. However, the former design relies on traditional optical design, and it is difficult to have both large aperture and small pixel. The large field of view relies on mechanical scanning and cannot be imaged in real time. The latter has a large pixel size and is expensive due to the high stitching accuracy. It is often only used in space-based systems. Due to the above reasons, there are great limitations on the use scenarios and conditions, and it cannot meet the growing demand for small pixels and large aperture wide-area staring imaging.

[0003] In order to achieve large field of view and high resolution staring imaging, a multi-scale imaging scheme based on concentric spherical lenses has been proposed and widely used, which solves the problem of mutual constraints between large field of view and high resolution, and meets people's urgent needs for capturing large data volume information in large imaging scenes. At present, related applications are often limited by the cost and difficulty of spherical lens processing, and the focal length and aperture are limited, so the design has to sacrifice some resolution or field of view, and use small aperture or large pixel to reduce the design and processing pressure. Therefore, it is of great application value and prospect to design a large field of view imaging scheme that takes into account the multi-scale of spherical lenses, and has a high-resolution optical system with ultra-small pixels and large aperture. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides an ultra-small pixel, large aperture, wide-area, high-resolution optical system and a design method. Specifically, it includes:

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an ultra-small pixel, large aperture, wide-area, high-resolution optical system, comprising:

[0006] Concentric spherical lenses and large aperture secondary imaging optical system array;

[0007] The secondary imaging optical system array includes a plurality of large aperture secondary imaging optical units and ultra-large target surface small pixel detectors corresponding one by one to each of the secondary imaging optical units;

[0008] Each of the secondary imaging optical units is arranged behind the spherical primary image plane corresponding to the concentric spherical lens and on any spherical surface with the center of the concentric spherical lens as the sphere center, and there is an overlapping area between the fields of view of each of the secondary imaging optical units, and the arrangement of any three adjacent secondary imaging optical units is an isosceles triangle;

[0009] The opening angle of the edge of the mechanical aperture of each of the secondary imaging optical units relative to the center of the concentric spherical lens is smaller than the maximum lateral opening angle and the maximum longitudinal opening angle between two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array. The maximum lateral opening angle is the angle between the optical axes of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array when the fields of view of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array are connected and do not overlap, and the maximum longitudinal opening angle is the angle between the optical axes of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array when the fields of view of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array are connected and do not overlap;

[0010] Each of the ultra-large target surface small pixel detectors is respectively arranged at the focal plane of the corresponding secondary imaging optical unit;

[0011] The concentric spherical lens is used to image the observation field onto the spherical primary image plane to form a spherical intermediate image;

[0012] Each of the secondary imaging optical units is used to image the spherical intermediate image onto a corresponding ultra-large target surface small pixel detector.

[0013] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a design method for an ultra-small pixel, large aperture, wide-area, high-resolution optical system, comprising:

[0014] Determine the concentric spherical lens based on the imaging requirements and the target size and pixel size of the selected ultra-large target small pixel detector. The imaging requirements include the working distance, target size, imaging quality, and total field of view requirements.

[0015] According to the system focal length of the ultra-small pixel large aperture wide-area high-resolution optical system and the focal length of the constructed concentric spherical lens, a secondary imaging optical unit is constructed, and the field of view coverage of the secondary imaging optical unit is obtained;

[0016] Adjusting the distance between the concentric spherical lens and the secondary imaging optical unit, and the structure of the secondary imaging optical unit, so that the imaging effect of the sub-optical system composed of the concentric spherical lens and the secondary imaging optical unit meets the imaging quality corresponding to the imaging requirement, and obtaining the distance between the secondary imaging optical unit and the spherical center of the concentric spherical lens;

[0017] According to the distance between the secondary imaging optical unit and the center of the concentric spherical lens, the total field of view requirement, the field of view coverage of the secondary imaging optical unit, the preset overlapping pixel range of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units, and the preset arrangement requirement of the secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array, the angle between two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array in the horizontal direction, the angle between two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the vertical direction, and the number of secondary imaging optical units in each horizontal row and the number of secondary imaging optical units in each vertical column in the secondary imaging optical system array are determined; the arrangement requirement of the secondary imaging optical units in the preset secondary imaging optical system array includes: each secondary imaging optical unit is arranged behind the spherical primary image plane corresponding to the concentric spherical lens, and is arranged in a concentric manner. The center of the concentric spherical lens is on any spherical surface of the sphere center, and there is an overlapping area between the fields of view of each secondary imaging optical unit, and the arrangement between any three adjacent secondary imaging optical units is an isosceles triangle, and the opening angle of the edge of the mechanical aperture of each secondary imaging optical unit relative to the sphere center of the concentric spherical lens is smaller than the maximum lateral opening angle and the maximum longitudinal opening angle between two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array. The maximum lateral opening angle is the angle between the optical axes of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array when the fields of view of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array are connected and do not overlap, and the maximum longitudinal opening angle is the angle between the optical axes of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array when the fields of view of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array are connected and do not overlap;

[0018] According to the angle between two transversely adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array and the angle between two longitudinally adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array, as well as the number of secondary imaging optical units in each transverse row and the number of secondary imaging optical units in each longitudinal column in the secondary imaging optical system array, the secondary imaging optical units and the ultra-large target surface small pixel detectors, the secondary imaging optical system array is constructed by rotating and arranging the center of the concentric spherical lens as the origin. The secondary imaging optical system array includes multiple secondary imaging optical units and ultra-large target surface small pixel detectors corresponding to each secondary imaging optical unit one by one, and each ultra-large target surface small pixel detector is respectively arranged at the focal plane of the corresponding secondary imaging optical unit.

[0019] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0020] The present invention provides an ultra-small pixel large aperture wide-area high-resolution optical system and a design method, comprising a concentric spherical lens and a large aperture secondary imaging optical system array; the secondary imaging optical system array comprises a plurality of large aperture secondary imaging optical units and ultra-large target surface small pixel detectors corresponding to each secondary imaging optical unit one by one; each secondary imaging optical unit is arranged behind the spherical primary image plane corresponding to the concentric spherical lens, and on any spherical surface with the center of the concentric spherical lens as the sphere center, and there is an overlapping area between the fields of view of each secondary imaging optical unit, and the arrangement mode between any three adjacent secondary imaging optical units is an isosceles triangle; the opening angle of the edge of the mechanical aperture of each secondary imaging optical unit relative to the sphere center of the concentric spherical lens is smaller than the maximum lateral opening angle and the maximum longitudinal opening angle between two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array, the maximum lateral opening angle being the angle between the optical axes of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array when the fields of view of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units are connected and do not overlap, and the maximum longitudinal opening angle being the angle between the optical axes of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array when the fields of view of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array are connected and do not overlap. The aperture angle is the angle between the optical axes of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array when the fields of view of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units are connected and do not overlap; each super-large target surface small pixel detector is respectively arranged at the focal plane of the corresponding secondary imaging optical unit; the concentric spherical lens is used to image the observation field of view on the spherical primary image plane to form a spherical intermediate image; each secondary imaging optical unit is used to image the spherical intermediate image onto the corresponding super-large target surface small pixel detector, and each secondary imaging optical unit in the secondary imaging optical system array in the system relays the intermediate image formed by the front concentric spherical lens to the corresponding super-large target surface small pixel detector, and each secondary imaging optical unit is arranged on any spherical surface with the center of the concentric spherical lens as the sphere center. The fields of view of each secondary imaging optical unit overlap, and then large field of view imaging is achieved by splicing the field of view imaging of each secondary imaging optical unit, thereby solving the problem of insufficient resolution caused by large pixels and difficulty in assembly and adjustment of too many secondary systems caused by too small aperture when imaging in the traditional spherical lens multi-scale imaging system. By using a small-pixel detector with an ultra-large target area, the number of secondary imaging optical units can be effectively reduced, costs can be lowered, the pressure on subsequent image stitching algorithms can be alleviated, and the feasibility of the entire system can be improved. Furthermore, designing a large-aperture optical system can ensure that the small pixels on the large-target detector have sufficient energy response, avoiding insufficient light energy entering the detector at long distances, resulting in a decrease in image contrast and affecting resolution, thereby achieving large-field-of-view and high-throughput imaging.

[0021] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a Keplerian multi-scale imaging structure based on a concentric spherical lens provided by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a Galilean multi-scale imaging structure based on a concentric spherical lens provided by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of an ultra-small pixel, large aperture, wide-area, high-resolution optical system provided by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a concentric spherical lens provided by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of a secondary imaging optical unit provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 A schematic flow chart of a design method for an ultra-small pixel, large aperture, wide-area, high-resolution optical system provided by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the proportional relationship between focal length and resolution provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of an arrangement pattern of a secondary imaging optical unit provided by the present invention;

[0030] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of another arrangement pattern of secondary imaging optical units provided by the present invention;

[0031] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of a field of view splicing pattern corresponding to a secondary imaging optical system array provided by the present invention;

[0032] Fig.11 A point diagram of a concentric spherical lens provided by the present invention;

[0033] Fig.12 An MTF image quality evaluation curve of a concentric spherical lens provided by the present invention;

[0034] Fig.13 An MTF image quality evaluation curve of a secondary imaging optical unit provided by the present invention;

[0035] Fig.14 A schematic structural diagram of an optimized sub-optical system provided by the present invention;

[0036] Fig.15 A spot diagram of an optimized sub-optical system provided by the present invention;

[0037] Fig.16 An MTF image quality evaluation curve of an optimized sub-optical system provided by the present invention;

[0038] Fig.17 A field curvature distortion curve of an optimized sub-optical system provided by the present invention;

[0039] Fig.18 A schematic diagram of the positions of three adjacent secondary imaging optical units provided by the present invention;

[0040] Fig.19 A schematic diagram of field of view stitching of an ultra-small pixel, large aperture, wide-area, high-resolution optical system provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0042] The existing multi-scale imaging system based on the concentric spherical lens structure is composed of a concentric spherical main objective lens and a secondary small camera array cascaded. Its structure is divided into two types: Keplerian and Galilean according to whether there is an intermediate image plane. Figure 1 As shown in Figure 2, the Galilean multi-scale imaging structure based on the concentric spherical lens is shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 As shown. The main objective lens of the multi-scale imaging system is a cemented spherical lens, which is used to collect light field information of a large imaging scene. The secondary imaging structure is an array of small cameras arranged in a spherical distribution at a certain distance from the spherical lens. Its envelope surface is concentric with the spherical lens. Each small camera divides the field of view and images it on the detector. Finally, large-field high-resolution image information is obtained through image stitching technology. The Keplerian-style small camera array is arranged behind the primary image plane of the spherical lens, and the Galilean-style small camera array is arranged at a certain position in front of the primary image plane of the spherical lens.

[0043] Since the concentric spherical lens has a symmetrical structure and does not have a main optical axis in the traditional sense, the aberrations of each imaging field of view are consistent. Each secondary imaging system can be regarded as coaxial imaging with the concentric optical main objective lens. Therefore, the secondary camera array can adopt the same optical structure. Therefore, it is only necessary to design the secondary imaging system of the central field of view.

[0044] However, in order to give full play to the advantages of the spherical lens that all the light collected passes through the center of the sphere, the primary image plane has only some residual on-axis aberrations, and the off-axis aberrations are negligible, the subsequent secondary imaging system adopts a small aperture and a small image plane to avoid introducing more off-axis aberrations and increase the design difficulty, and achieves large field of view and high-resolution imaging through the splicing of multiple secondary system imaging. On the one hand, this design has a large number of secondary imaging systems, and it is difficult to ensure that they are concentric with the spherical lens during the assembly process; on the other hand, due to the small aperture of a single secondary system, the energy of the detector receiving object space is limited, resulting in insufficient system imaging contrast, and unable to achieve high-resolution imaging at a long distance.

[0045] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides an ultra-small pixel large aperture wide area high resolution optical system, see Figure 3 The system comprises:

[0046] Concentric spherical lens 31 and large aperture secondary imaging optical system array 32.

[0047] The secondary imaging optical system array 32 includes a plurality of large aperture secondary imaging optical units 321 and ultra-large target surface small pixel detectors 322 corresponding to each secondary imaging optical unit.

[0048] The overall imaging aperture of the ultra-small pixel, large aperture, wide-area, high-resolution optical system depends on the aperture of a single secondary imaging optical unit. The large aperture secondary imaging optical system array is designed to ensure that sufficient light flux is received by the detector during long-distance imaging, while making the optical design diffusion spot close to the pixel size.

[0049] Each secondary imaging optical unit 321 is arranged behind the spherical primary image plane corresponding to the concentric spherical lens 31, and on any spherical surface with the center of the concentric spherical lens 31 as the center of the sphere, and there is an overlapping area between the fields of view of each secondary imaging optical unit 321, and the arrangement of any three adjacent secondary imaging optical units 321 is an isosceles triangle.

[0050] Specifically, each secondary imaging optical unit 321 is arranged behind the spherical primary image surface corresponding to the concentric spherical lens 31, and on the same finite distance spherical surface with the center of the concentric spherical lens 31 as the center of the sphere. The distance depends on the overall design length requirement of the ultra-small pixel large aperture wide-area high-resolution optical system.

[0051] The opening angle of the edge of the mechanical aperture of each secondary imaging optical unit 321 relative to the center of the concentric spherical lens is smaller than the maximum lateral opening angle and the maximum longitudinal opening angle between two adjacent secondary imaging optical units 321 in the secondary imaging optical system array 32 .

[0052] Among them, the maximum lateral opening angle is the angle between the optical axes of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units 321 in the secondary imaging optical system array 32 when the fields of view of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units 321 in the secondary imaging optical system array 32 are connected and do not overlap, and the maximum longitudinal opening angle is the angle between the optical axes of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units 321 in the secondary imaging optical system array 32 when the fields of view of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units 321 in the secondary imaging optical system array 32 are connected and do not overlap.

[0053] Each super-large target surface small pixel detector 322 is respectively arranged at the focal plane of the corresponding secondary imaging optical unit 321.

[0054] Specifically, the front and rear fine-tuning can be achieved through a mechanical motor to ensure accurate focus.

[0055] For example, the ultra-large target surface small pixel detector 322 uses a pixel size of , effective pixel count is 7500 The 5800's complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) chip can increase the field of view of a single secondary optical unit while ensuring high resolution, solving the problem of too many arrays causing the total system to be bulky and difficult to assemble.

[0056] The concentric spherical lens 31 is used to image the observation field of view onto a spherical primary image plane to form a spherical intermediate image.

[0057] Specifically, the concentric spherical lens 31 images the observation field of view onto the spherical primary image plane to form a spherical intermediate image and ensures uniform imaging quality of the entire primary image plane.

[0058] Each secondary imaging optical unit 321 is used to split the spherical intermediate image and image it onto a corresponding super-large target surface small pixel detector 322.

[0059] Optionally, the system further includes: an optical axis spacing between any two adjacent secondary imaging optical units 321 satisfies:

[0060] ,

[0061] in, represents the optical axis spacing between any two adjacent secondary imaging optical units, represents the radius of the sphere where the secondary imaging optical system array is located, represents the angle between the optical axes of any two adjacent secondary imaging optical units, Represents the sine trigonometric function.

[0062] like Figure 4 As shown, optionally, the concentric spherical lens 31 includes: a first meniscus spherical negative lens 311, a first plano-convex spherical positive lens 312, a second plano-convex spherical positive lens 313 and a second meniscus spherical negative lens 314; the first meniscus spherical negative lens 311, the first plano-convex spherical positive lens 312, the second plano-convex spherical positive lens 313 and the second meniscus spherical negative lens 313 are symmetrical in center and are glued together in sequence to form a concentric spherical structure.

[0063] Further, optionally, the focal length of the concentric spherical lens 31 is 110mm~120mm; the radius of curvature of the incident surface of the first meniscus spherical negative lens 311 is 67mm~68mm, the radius of curvature of the exit surface is 35mm~36mm, and the thickness is 30mm~32mm; the radius of curvature of the incident surface of the first plano-convex spherical positive lens 312 is 35mm~36mm, the radius of curvature of the exit surface is infinite, and the thickness is 35mm~36mm; the radius of curvature of the incident surface of the second plano-convex spherical positive lens 313 is infinite, the radius of curvature of the exit surface is -29mm~-30mm, and the thickness is 29mm~30mm; the radius of curvature of the incident surface of the second meniscus spherical negative lens 314 is -29mm~-30mm, the radius of curvature of the exit surface is -68mm~-69mm, and the thickness is 38mm~39mm.

[0064] The concentric spherical lens provided by the present invention adopts a four-lens structure, which adopts different types of concentric meniscus glasses to form an approximately symmetrical structure, can correct lateral chromatic aberration and astigmatism, so that the imaging quality of each field position of the spherical primary image plane is similar, so that the secondary imaging optical unit at different field positions can further correct the residual aberration of the concentric spherical lens, thereby reducing the pressure on correcting the residual aberration of the main objective lens when designing the secondary imaging optical system array, and can automatically correct coma, distortion and vertical axis chromatic aberration. As the main imaging optical component, that is, the main objective lens, the concentric spherical lens is not only responsible for collecting light energy, but also undertakes the function of preliminary correction of aberrations, which can solve the problem of reduced edge illumination of traditional multi-aperture imaging systems.

[0065] Optionally, the radius of curvature of the spherical primary image surface is 114mm~115mm, and the semi-aperture is 13mm~14mm; the spherical primary image surface is located 46mm~47mm behind the concentric spherical lens; the semi-aperture of the incident surface of the concentric spherical lens is 57mm, and the semi-aperture of the exit surface is 53mm; the semi-aperture of the bonding surface between the first meniscus spherical negative lens and the first plano-convex spherical positive lens is 33mm; the semi-aperture of the bonding surface between the first plano-convex spherical positive lens and the second plano-convex spherical positive lens is 16mm; the semi-aperture of the bonding surface between the second plano-convex spherical positive lens and the second meniscus spherical negative lens is 27mm; the distance between each secondary imaging optical unit and the concentric spherical lens is 198mm~202mm.

[0066] The concentric spherical lens provided by the present invention can meet the requirements of a focal length of 110 mm to 120 mm and a field of view greater than 83°. The full-field point diagram of the concentric spherical lens provided by the present invention is consistent with the modulation transfer function (MTF) curve, thereby providing a basis for subsequent secondary imaging system array aperture correction aberrations.

[0067] Optionally, the system further includes: the center of the concentric spherical lens 31 is arranged on the second bonding surface of the concentric spherical lens 31 , that is, the bonding surface formed by the first plano-convex spherical positive lens 312 and the second plano-convex spherical positive lens 313 .

[0068] like Figure 5 As shown, optionally, the secondary imaging optical unit 321 includes: a first convex-concave lens 3211, a first biconvex lens 3212, a second convex-concave lens 3213, a second biconvex lens 3214, a first biconcave lens 3215, a third convex-concave lens 3216, a third biconvex lens 3217, a fourth biconvex lens 3218, a second biconcave lens 3219, a fifth biconvex lens 3220, a fourth convex-concave lens 3221, a fifth convex-concave lens 3222 and a sixth convex-concave lens 3223.

[0069] Among them, the first convex-concave lens 3211 and the first biconvex lens 3212 are glued together to form a double glued lens; the first biconvex lens 3212, the second convex-concave lens 3213, the second biconvex lens 3214, the first biconcave lens 3215, the third convex-concave lens 3216, the third biconvex lens 3217, the fourth biconvex lens 3218, the second biconcave lens 3219, the fifth biconvex lens 3220, the fourth convex-concave lens 3221, the fifth convex-concave lens 3222 and the sixth convex-concave lens 3223 are arranged in sequence and are opposite to each other. There is a certain distance between any two adjacent lenses, that is, on the basis of meeting the total length requirement, it is ensured that there is a certain distance between the first biconvex lens 3212, the second convex-concave lens 3213, the second biconvex lens 3214, the first biconcave lens 3215, the third convex-concave lens 3216, the third biconvex lens 3217, the fourth biconvex lens 3218, the second biconcave lens 3219, the fifth biconvex lens 3220, the fourth convex-concave lens 3221, the fifth convex-concave lens 3222 and the sixth convex-concave lens 3223 instead of being closely arranged.

[0070] Further, optionally, the first convexoconcave lens has an incident surface curvature radius of 67mm to 68mm, an exit surface curvature radius of 32mm to 33mm, a thickness of 4mm, an incident surface semi-aperture of 15mm, and an exit surface semi-aperture of 15mm; the incident surface curvature radius of the double-cemented lens is the same as the exit surface curvature radius of the first convexoconcave lens; the exit surface curvature radius of the first double convex lens is -80mm to -81mm, a thickness of 6mm, an incident surface semi-aperture of 15mm, and an exit surface semi-aperture of 15mm; the incident surface curvature radius of the second convexoconcave lens is -27mm to -28mm, an exit surface curvature radius of -47mm to -48mm, a thickness of 4mm, an incident surface semi-aperture of 11 mm, and the semi-aperture of the exit surface is 12mm; the radius of curvature of the incident surface of the second biconvex lens is 35mm~36mm, the radius of curvature of the exit surface is -191mm~-192mm, the thickness is 7.5mm, the semi-aperture of the incident surface is 14mm, and the semi-aperture of the exit surface is 14mm; the radius of curvature of the incident surface of the first biconcave lens is -42mm~-43mm, the radius of curvature of the exit surface is 19mm~20mm, the thickness is 2mm, the semi-aperture of the incident surface is 11.5mm, and the semi-aperture of the exit surface is 12mm; the radius of curvature of the incident surface of the third convex-concave lens is 25mm~26mm, the radius of curvature of the exit surface is 730mm~731mm, the thickness is 3.7mm, and the semi-aperture of the incident surface is 1 2mm, and the semi-aperture of the exit surface is 12mm; the radius of curvature of the incident surface of the third biconvex lens is 20mm~21mm, the radius of curvature of the exit surface is -47mm~-48mm, the thickness is 6mm, the semi-aperture of the incident surface is 12mm, and the semi-aperture of the exit surface is 12mm; the radius of curvature of the incident surface of the fourth biconvex lens is 34mm~35mm, the radius of curvature of the exit surface is -54mm~-55mm, the thickness is 4mm, the semi-aperture of the incident surface is 10mm, and the semi-aperture of the exit surface is 10mm; the radius of curvature of the incident surface of the second biconcave lens is -53mm~-54mm, the radius of curvature of the exit surface is 11mm~12mm, the thickness is 1mm, the semi-aperture of the incident surface is 8.5mm, and the exit surface is 1. The semi-aperture of the surface is 7.5mm; the curvature radius of the incident surface of the fifth biconvex lens is 14mm~15mm, the curvature radius of the exit surface is -129mm~-130mm, the thickness is 3.25mm, the semi-aperture of the incident surface is 8mm, and the semi-aperture of the exit surface is 8mm; the curvature radius of the incident surface of the fourth convex-concave lens is 21mm~22mm, the curvature radius of the exit surface is 58mm~59mm, the thickness is 3.25mm, the semi-aperture of the incident surface is 8mm, and the semi-aperture of the exit surface is 7.5mm; the curvature radius of the incident surface of the fifth convex-concave lens is 22mm~23mm, the curvature radius of the exit surface is 8mm~9mm, the thickness is 3mm, the semi-aperture of the incident surface is 6mm, and the semi-aperture of the exit surface is 5.5mm; the incident surface curvature radius of the sixth convexoconcave lens is 10mm-11mm, the exit surface curvature radius is 8mm-9mm, the thickness is 6.507mm, the incident surface semi-aperture is 6mm, and the exit surface semi-aperture is 5mm; the distance between the incident surface of the first convexoconcave lens and the exit surface of the sixth convexoconcave lens is 115mm-125mm. .

[0071] The ultra-small pixel large aperture wide-area high-resolution optical system provided by the present invention comprises a concentric spherical lens and a large aperture secondary imaging optical system array; the secondary imaging optical system array comprises a plurality of large aperture secondary imaging optical units and ultra-large target surface small pixel detectors corresponding to each secondary imaging optical unit one by one; each secondary imaging optical unit is arranged behind the spherical primary image plane corresponding to the concentric spherical lens, and on any spherical surface with the center of the concentric spherical lens as the sphere center, and there is an overlapping area between the fields of view of each secondary imaging optical unit, and the arrangement mode between any three adjacent secondary imaging optical units is an isosceles triangle The opening angle of the edge of the mechanical aperture of each secondary imaging optical unit relative to the center of the concentric spherical lens is smaller than the maximum lateral opening angle and the maximum longitudinal opening angle between two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array. The maximum lateral opening angle is the angle between the optical axes of the two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array when the fields of view of the two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array are connected and do not overlap. The maximum longitudinal opening angle is the angle between the optical axes of the two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array when the fields of view of the two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array are connected and do not overlap. The angle between the optical axes; each super-large target surface small pixel detector is respectively arranged behind the corresponding secondary imaging optical unit; the concentric spherical lens is used to image the observation field of view on the spherical primary image plane to form a spherical intermediate image; each secondary imaging optical unit is used to image the spherical intermediate image onto the corresponding super-large target surface small pixel detector, and each secondary imaging optical unit in the secondary imaging optical system array in the system relays the intermediate image formed by the front concentric spherical lens to the corresponding super-large target surface small pixel detector, and each secondary imaging optical unit is arranged on any spherical surface with the center of the concentric spherical lens as the sphere center. , the fields of view of each secondary imaging optical unit overlap, and then large field of view imaging is achieved by stitching the fields of view of each secondary imaging optical unit, thereby solving the problem of insufficient resolution caused by large pixels and too many secondary systems difficult to assemble and adjust due to small aperture when imaging in traditional spherical lens multi-scale imaging system. It is easy to process and assemble, and has high feasibility. It can achieve large field of view and large light flux imaging without sacrificing resolution. Furthermore, by using ultra-large target area small pixel detectors, the number of secondary imaging optical units can be effectively reduced, the cost can be reduced, the pressure on subsequent image stitching algorithms can be alleviated, and the feasibility of the entire system can be improved.

[0072] The present invention also provides a design method for an ultra-small pixel, large aperture, wide-area, high-resolution optical system. Figure 6 As shown, the method includes:

[0073] S601. Determine the concentric spherical lens according to the imaging requirements and the target size and pixel size of the selected ultra-large target small pixel detector. The imaging requirements include the working distance, target size, imaging quality, and total field of view requirements.

[0074] S602, constructing a secondary imaging optical unit according to the system focal length of the ultra-small pixel large aperture wide-area high-resolution optical system and the focal length of the constructed concentric spherical lens, and obtaining the field of view coverage of the secondary imaging optical unit.

[0075] S603, adjusting the distance between the concentric spherical lens and the secondary imaging optical unit, and the structure of the secondary imaging optical unit, so that the imaging effect of the sub-optical system composed of the concentric spherical lens and the secondary imaging optical unit meets the imaging quality required by the imaging requirements, and obtaining the distance between the secondary imaging optical unit and the center of the concentric spherical lens.

[0076] Specifically, Figure 7 As shown, represents the detector pixel size, represents the distance between the detector and the lens, Indicates the distance between the scene and the camera. Indicates the scene resolution. Figure 7In the method, the focal length of the single-channel overall optical system (i.e., a sub-optical system composed of a secondary imaging optical unit and a concentric spherical lens) can be determined according to the target size, the working distance, and the pixel size of the selected ultra-large target surface small pixel detector. The field of view of the single-channel overall optical system imaging can be determined in combination with the target surface diagonal size of the selected ultra-large target surface small pixel detector. The Airy disk radius of the single-channel overall optical system is close to the pixel size in combination with the high resolution limit, so the aperture number of the overall optical system can be determined according to the pixel size and the working band. Furthermore, since the Airy disk radius of the optical system with high resolution limit is close to the pixel size, the aperture number of the overall optical system can be determined according to the pixel size and the working band. The magnification of the overall imaging is consistent with the magnification of the secondary imaging optical unit, inversely proportional to the maximum mechanical aperture of the secondary imaging optical unit, and proportional to the focal length of the overall system. A magnification that is too large will result in a mechanical aperture of the secondary imaging optical unit that is too large, making it difficult to correct aberrations. A magnification that is too small will result in an overall focal length that is too short and insufficient resolution. It is often controlled between 0.3 and 0.7 based on experience, and the initial structure can be set to around 0.5. Furthermore, since the aperture number of the secondary imaging optical unit is the same as the aperture number of the single-channel overall optical system, the focal length of the concentric spherical lens and the aperture number of the spherical lens are determined according to the magnification and aperture number of the secondary imaging optical unit (the calculation method is the aperture number of the single-channel overall optical system divided by the magnification). Combined with the total field of view requirements, the initial solution is found through analytical methods or by scaling the existing structure, and the design parameters of the concentric spherical lens can be obtained by further optimization. The initial structure of the secondary imaging optical unit can be optimized from the existing structure according to the magnification, aperture number of the secondary imaging optical unit and the field of view of the single-channel overall optical system. The relative position between the concentric spherical lens and the secondary imaging optical unit is adjusted so that the image plane of the spherical lens coincides with the object plane of the secondary imaging optical unit. By further optimizing the structure of the secondary imaging optical unit, the imaging effect of the single-path overall optical system composed of the concentric spherical lens and the secondary imaging optical unit with a large aperture can meet the imaging quality corresponding to the imaging requirements.

[0077] S604. Determine, according to the distance between the secondary imaging optical unit and the center of the concentric spherical lens, the total field of view requirement, the field of view coverage of the secondary imaging optical unit, the preset overlapping pixel range of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units, and the preset arrangement requirement of each secondary imaging optical unit in the secondary imaging optical system array, the angle between two laterally adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array and the angle between two longitudinally adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array, as well as the number of secondary imaging optical units in each horizontal row and the number of secondary imaging optical units in each longitudinal column in the secondary imaging optical system array.

[0078] Among them, the arrangement requirements of each secondary imaging optical unit in the preset secondary imaging optical system array include: each secondary imaging optical unit is arranged behind the spherical primary image plane corresponding to the concentric spherical lens, and on any spherical surface with the center of the concentric spherical lens as the center of the sphere, and there is an overlapping area between the fields of view of each secondary imaging optical unit, and the arrangement between any three adjacent secondary imaging optical units is an isosceles triangle, and the opening angle of the edge of the mechanical aperture of each secondary imaging optical unit relative to the center of the concentric spherical lens is smaller than the maximum lateral opening angle and the maximum longitudinal opening angle between two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array. The maximum lateral opening angle is the angle between the optical axes of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array when the fields of view of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array are connected and do not overlap, and the maximum longitudinal opening angle is the angle between the optical axes of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array when the fields of view of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array are connected and do not overlap.

[0079] In a possible implementation, according to the distance between the secondary imaging optical unit and the center of the concentric spherical lens, the total field of view requirement, the field of view coverage of the secondary imaging optical unit, the preset overlapping pixel range of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units, and the preset arrangement requirement of each secondary imaging optical unit in the secondary imaging optical system array, the angle between two transversely adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array and the angle between two longitudinally adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array are determined, including the following steps A1-A3:

[0080] A1. Determine the minimum opening angle between two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array according to the distance between the optical axes of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array and the distance between any secondary imaging optical unit and the center of the concentric spherical lens.

[0081] The minimum aperture angle is the angle between the optical axes of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array when the mechanical apertures of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units are connected and do not overlap.

[0082] Specifically, when the mechanical apertures of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array are connected and do not overlap, the following is formed: Figure 8 In the most compact arrangement shown, the secondary imaging optical units just do not have mechanical interference, and a stable secondary imaging optical system array can be formed. At this time, the minimum opening angle between two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array is expressed as:

[0083] ,

[0084] in, It represents the minimum opening angle between two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array. represents the distance between the optical axes of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array, It represents the distance between any secondary imaging optical unit and the center of the concentric spherical lens.

[0085] A2. Determine the maximum lateral opening angle and the maximum longitudinal opening angle between two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array according to the total field of view requirement and the field of view coverage of each secondary imaging optical unit.

[0086] The maximum lateral opening angle is the angle between the optical axes of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array when the fields of view of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units are connected and do not overlap.

[0087] The maximum longitudinal opening angle is the angle between the optical axes of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array when the fields of view of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units are connected and do not overlap.

[0088] Specifically, when the fields of view of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array are connected and do not overlap, the following is formed: Fig. 9 The arrangement shown is the loosest arrangement, in which the fields of view of the secondary imaging optical units do not overlap, thus avoiding omission of the field of view.

[0089] A3. Determine the angle between two laterally adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array and the angle between two longitudinally adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array according to the total field of view requirement, the field of view coverage of each secondary imaging optical unit, the preset overlapping pixel range of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units, the minimum opening angle, the maximum lateral opening angle and the maximum longitudinal opening angle.

[0090] The method provided by the present invention can control the size of the overlapping area of ​​the field of view according to demand, thereby avoiding the problem that, during the field of view stitching process, image stitching cannot be achieved due to the overlapping area being too small, or the field of view is wasted due to the overlapping area being too large, causing design difficulty and increased processing cost.

[0091] S605. According to the angle between two transversely adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array and the angle between two longitudinally adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array, as well as the number of secondary imaging optical units in each transverse row and the number of secondary imaging optical units in each longitudinal column in the secondary imaging optical system array, the secondary imaging optical units and the ultra-large target area small pixel detectors, the secondary imaging optical system array is constructed by rotating and arranging the secondary imaging optical system array with the center of the concentric spherical lens as the origin.

[0092] Among them, the secondary imaging optical system array includes multiple secondary imaging optical units and ultra-large target surface small pixel detectors corresponding to each secondary imaging optical unit, and each ultra-large target surface small pixel detector is respectively arranged at the focal plane of the corresponding secondary imaging optical unit.

[0093] The design method of the ultra-small pixel large aperture wide-area high-resolution optical system provided by the present invention effectively solves the problem that the optical system cannot achieve a large field of view and ultra-high resolution under the conditions of small pixel and large aperture. By reasonably setting the magnification of the secondary imaging system, it can be ensured that the overall imaging system has a longer focal length; combined with the secondary large aperture and large array design, ultra-high resolution of large field of view imaging is guaranteed; at the same time, the reasonable arrangement and the number of secondary imaging optical units can be selected according to needs, thereby changing the size of the field of view, thereby meeting the needs of different users.

[0094] The method provided by the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to a specific example.

[0095] Exemplarily, the target size of the selected ultra-large target surface small pixel detector is 7500 (H) × 5800 (V), and the pixel size is 1.00um. The F number of the ultra-small pixel large aperture wide-area high-resolution optical system is 1.2, the focal length is 40mm, and the aperture is greater than 33mm. The imaging band is the visible light band (400nm-700nm), and the total field of view is ≥60°×54°. According to the target size of the selected ultra-large target surface small pixel detector and the focal length of the ultra-small pixel large aperture wide-area high-resolution optical system, the field of view of a single secondary imaging optical unit is 10.7° (H) × 8.3° (H), and the diagonal field of view is 13.5°.

[0096] Specifically, we can design an ultra-small pixel, large aperture, wide-area, high-resolution optical system using ZEMAX as a platform. To simplify the design process, we use the following Fig.10 In the field of view stitching scheme shown (only as an example here, without specific limitation), the secondary imaging optical system array is distributed on a spherical surface with a radius of L and a center of the concentric spherical lens as the center of the sphere, and the center of the concentric spherical lens is set at the virtual aperture position of the concentric spherical lens (only as an example here, without specific limitation), and the optical axis spacing between any two adjacent secondary imaging optical units satisfies . For example, Take 13.5°. Fig.10 The arrangement shown can simplify the design of the system, so that the peripheral secondary imaging systems all adopt the same structure, so that the design only needs to consider the design of the central field of view and the design of any secondary imaging optical unit at the edge. If a larger field of view is to be achieved, the number of secondary imaging optical units can be increased in the periphery.

[0097] Furthermore, in order to reduce the pressure on correcting the residual aberration of the main objective lens when designing the secondary imaging optical system array, and considering that the symmetrical structure can automatically correct coma, distortion and vertical axis chromatic aberration, a concentric spherical lens with a nearly symmetrical structure is used as the main objective lens. The focal length of the concentric spherical lens is 115mm, the field of view is greater than 83°, and the full field of view point diagram is consistent with the modulation transfer function (MTF) curve, which provides a basis for the subsequent secondary imaging optical system array aperture correction aberration. Fig.11 The spot diagram of the designed concentric spherical lens is shown. The radius of the diffuse spot at 0° field of view is , which is less than 5 pixel sizes, the half field of view and the maximum root mean square radius are also less than 5 pixel sizes, and the overall diffuse spot size of the full field of view tends to be consistent, satisfying the residual aberration conditions of the secondary correction spherical lens. Fig.12 The MTF image quality evaluation curve of the designed concentric spherical lens is shown. The full field of view curve drops smoothly, and the contrast is good at medium and low frequencies. Even at 250lp / mm, it is still 0.2, and it is not 0 at the cutoff frequency of 500lp / mm, ensuring that the detailed information can enter the detector and be interpreted.

[0098] Furthermore, considering that the ratio of the focal length of the overall ultra-small pixel large aperture wide-area high-resolution optical system to the focal length of the spherical lens is the magnification of the secondary imaging optical unit, and the object distance and aperture affect the subsequent stitching efficiency, it is finally determined that the magnification of the secondary imaging optical unit is 0.3-0.5, the F number is close to the design value of 1.2, and the field of view is 13.5°. Fig.13 The image quality MTF curve of the designed secondary imaging optical unit is shown.

[0099] Furthermore, the concentric spherical lens and the secondary imaging optical unit are combined to form a sub-optical system, and the distance between the concentric spherical lens and the secondary imaging optical unit is adjusted to determine the optimal aperture position. The structural parameters of the concentric spherical lens are kept unchanged, and the structure of the secondary imaging optical unit is further optimized to obtain a sub-optical system that meets the imaging quality requirements. Fig.14 shows the structure of the optimized sub-optical system, Fig.15 shows the spot diagram of the optimized sub-optical system, Fig.16The MTF image quality evaluation curve of the optimized sub-optical system is shown. Fig.17 The field curvature distortion curve of the optimized sub-optical system is shown. As can be seen from the above figure, the focal length of the optimized single sub-optical system is 40mm, the field of view is 13.5°, the diffuse spot of the full field of view is close to or less than the size of a pixel, the central MTF curve at the cutoff frequency of 500lp / mm is ≥0.4, the image distortion is controlled below 1%, a single sub-image has 43.5 million pixels, and the aperture is greater than 33mm, which can meet the light throughput requirements of super-resolution imaging at 3-10km.

[0100] Furthermore, since the secondary imaging optical units are all concentric with the concentric spherical lens, each optical system does not need to be redesigned. It is possible to rely on the multiple structural functions of ZEMAX to set a reasonable rotation angle to ensure that each secondary imaging optical unit has no mechanical interference and no splicing omissions. Assuming that the overlap pixels of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units are between 300 and 400, combined with the size of the target surface of the above-mentioned ultra-large target surface small pixel detector, based on trigonometric functions, it can be determined that the base angle of the isosceles triangle formed between any three adjacent secondary imaging optical units is 58 ° ,like Fig.18 As shown. Accordingly, the angle between two laterally adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array should satisfy:

[0101] ,

[0102] in, represents the horizontal field angle of the secondary imaging optical unit, which is 10.7° here; It represents the minimum opening angle between two adjacent secondary imaging optical units, which is 8.6° here.

[0103] The angle between two longitudinally adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array should satisfy:

[0104] ,

[0105] in, represents the vertical field angle of the secondary imaging optical unit, which is 8.3° here.

[0106] Exemplarily, the angle between two transversely adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array is selected to be , the angle between two longitudinally adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array is , the number of horizontally overlapping pixels is 357.2, and the number of vertically overlapping pixels is 344.4. The overlapping field of view angles of adjacent cameras are all 0.5°. In order to meet the requirement of field of view ≥ 60°×54°, the field of view is 10.2°×5+10.7°=61.7° when there are 6 cameras horizontally, and 7.8°×6+8.3°=55.1° when there are 7 cameras vertically. A total of 6×7+3=45 cameras are needed to meet the field of view requirements. The schematic diagram of field of view stitching is shown in the figure. Fig.19 The ultra-small pixel, large aperture, wide-area, high-resolution optical system formed in this example has a stitching field of view of up to 61°×55°, a resolution of up to 15cm@6km, a full-field diffuse spot close to the size of a pixel, and a single stitching image pixel of 43214×38533=1.665 billion. It can be seen that the design method provided by the present invention has a higher resolution, a larger aperture and a smaller pixel under the condition of ensuring a large field of view.

[0107] It should be noted that the above Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Fig.14 The different colored lines passing through the lens represent the incident light rays at different angles. For ease of viewing, only a small number of rays are drawn in the figure, and the number of rays in actual applications will not be limited to this.

[0108] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0109] The above contents are further detailed descriptions of the present invention in combination with specific preferred embodiments, and it cannot be determined that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For ordinary technicians in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which should be regarded as falling within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ultra-small pixel, large aperture, wide-area, high-resolution optical system, characterized in that: include: Concentric spherical lenses and large aperture secondary imaging optical system array; The secondary imaging optical system array includes a plurality of large aperture secondary imaging optical units and ultra-large target surface small pixel detectors corresponding one by one to each of the secondary imaging optical units; Each of the secondary imaging optical units is arranged behind the spherical primary image plane corresponding to the concentric spherical lens and on any spherical surface with the center of the concentric spherical lens as the sphere center, and there is an overlapping area between the fields of view of each of the secondary imaging optical units, and the arrangement of any three adjacent secondary imaging optical units is an isosceles triangle; The opening angle of the edge of the mechanical aperture of each of the secondary imaging optical units relative to the center of the concentric spherical lens is smaller than the maximum lateral opening angle and the maximum longitudinal opening angle between two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array. The maximum lateral opening angle is the angle between the optical axes of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array when the fields of view of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array are connected and do not overlap. The maximum longitudinal opening angle is the angle between the optical axes of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array when the fields of view of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array are connected and do not overlap. Each of the ultra-large target surface small pixel detectors is respectively arranged at the focal plane of the corresponding secondary imaging optical unit; The concentric spherical lens is used to image the observation field onto the spherical primary image plane to form a spherical intermediate image; Each of the secondary imaging optical units is used to split and image the spherical intermediate image onto a corresponding super-large target surface small pixel detector.

2. The ultra-small pixel large aperture wide area high resolution optical system according to claim 1, characterized in that: include: The optical axis spacing between any two adjacent secondary imaging optical units satisfies: ， in, represents the optical axis spacing between any two adjacent secondary imaging optical units, represents the radius of the sphere where the secondary imaging optical system array is located, represents the angle between the optical axes of any two adjacent secondary imaging optical units, Represents the sine trigonometric function.

3. The ultra-small pixel large aperture wide area high resolution optical system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The concentric spherical lens comprises: A first meniscus spherical negative lens, a first plano-convex spherical positive lens, a second plano-convex spherical positive lens, and a second meniscus spherical negative lens; The first meniscus spherical negative lens, the first plano-convex spherical positive lens, the second plano-convex spherical positive lens and the second meniscus spherical negative lens are symmetrical in spherical center and are glued together in sequence to form a concentric spherical structure.

4. The ultra-small pixel large aperture wide area high resolution optical system according to claim 3, characterized in that: include: The center of the concentric spherical lens is arranged on the second bonding surface of the concentric spherical lens.

5. The ultra-small pixel large aperture wide area high resolution optical system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The secondary imaging optical unit comprises: a first convexo-concave lens, a first biconvex lens, a second convexo-concave lens, a second biconvex lens, a first biconcave lens, a third convexo-concave lens, a third biconvex lens, a fourth biconvex lens, a second biconcave lens, a fifth biconvex lens, a fourth convexo-concave lens, a fifth convexo-concave lens, and a sixth convexo-concave lens; The first convex-concave lens and the first biconvex lens are glued together to form a double glued lens; The first biconvex lens, the second convex-concave lens, the second biconvex lens, the first biconcave lens, the third convex-concave lens, the third biconvex lens, the fourth biconvex lens, the second biconcave lens, the fifth biconvex lens, the fourth convex-concave lens, the fifth convex-concave lens and the sixth convex-concave lens are arranged in sequence, and a certain distance is spaced between two adjacent lenses.

6. The ultra-small pixel large aperture wide area high resolution optical system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The focal length of the concentric spherical lens is 110 mm to 120 mm; The first meniscus spherical negative lens has an incident surface curvature radius of 67 mm to 68 mm, an exit surface curvature radius of 35 mm to 36 mm, and a thickness of 30 mm to 32 mm; The first plano-convex spherical positive lens has an incident surface with a curvature radius of 35 mm to 36 mm, an exit surface with a curvature radius of infinity, and a thickness of 35 mm to 36 mm; The second plano-convex spherical positive lens has an incident surface with a curvature radius of infinity, an exit surface with a curvature radius of -29 mm to -30 mm, and a thickness of 29 mm to 30 mm; The second meniscus spherical negative lens has an incident surface curvature radius of -29 mm to -30 mm, an exit surface curvature radius of -68 mm to -69 mm, and a thickness of 38 mm to 39 mm.

7. The ultra-small pixel large aperture wide area high resolution optical system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The curvature radius of the spherical primary image surface is 114 mm to 115 mm, and the semi-aperture is 13 mm to 14 mm; The spherical primary image plane is located 46mm to 47mm behind the concentric spherical lens; The semi-aperture of the incident surface of the concentric spherical lens is 57 mm, and the semi-aperture of the exit surface is 53 mm; The semi-aperture of the cemented surface between the first meniscus spherical negative lens and the first plano-convex spherical positive lens is 33 mm; The semi-aperture of the cemented surface between the first plano-convex spherical positive lens and the second plano-convex spherical positive lens is 16 mm; The semi-aperture of the bonding surface between the second plano-convex spherical positive lens and the second meniscus spherical negative lens is 27 mm; The distance between each of the secondary imaging optical units and the concentric spherical lens is 198 mm to 202 mm.

8. The ultra-small pixel large aperture wide area high resolution optical system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first convexo-concave lens has an incident surface curvature radius of 67 mm to 68 mm, an exit surface curvature radius of 32 mm to 33 mm, a thickness of 4 mm, an incident surface semi-aperture of 15 mm, and an exit surface semi-aperture of 15 mm; The radius of curvature of the incident surface of the doublet lens is the same as the radius of curvature of the exit surface of the first convex-concave lens; The curvature radius of the output surface of the first biconvex lens is -80mm to -81mm, the thickness is 6mm, the semi-aperture of the incident surface is 15mm, and the semi-aperture of the output surface is 15mm; The second convexo-concave lens has an incident surface curvature radius of -27 mm to -28 mm, an exit surface curvature radius of -47 mm to -48 mm, a thickness of 4 mm, an incident surface semi-aperture of 11 mm, and an exit surface semi-aperture of 12 mm; The second biconvex lens has an incident surface curvature radius of 35 mm to 36 mm, an exit surface curvature radius of -191 mm to -192 mm, a thickness of 7.5 mm, an incident surface semi-aperture of 14 mm, and an exit surface semi-aperture of 14 mm; The first biconcave lens has an incident surface curvature radius of -42 mm to -43 mm, an exit surface curvature radius of 19 mm to 20 mm, a thickness of 2 mm, an incident surface semi-aperture of 11.5 mm, and an exit surface semi-aperture of 12 mm; The third convex-concave lens has an incident surface curvature radius of 25 mm to 26 mm, an exit surface curvature radius of 730 mm to 731 mm, a thickness of 3.7 mm, an incident surface semi-aperture of 12 mm, and an exit surface semi-aperture of 12 mm; The third biconvex lens has an incident surface curvature radius of 20 mm to 21 mm, an exit surface curvature radius of -47 mm to -48 mm, a thickness of 6 mm, an incident surface semi-aperture of 12 mm, and an exit surface semi-aperture of 12 mm; The fourth biconvex lens has an incident surface curvature radius of 34 mm to 35 mm, an exit surface curvature radius of -54 mm to -55 mm, a thickness of 4 mm, an incident surface semi-aperture of 10 mm, and an exit surface semi-aperture of 10 mm; The second biconcave lens has an incident surface curvature radius of -53 mm to -54 mm, an exit surface curvature radius of 11 mm to 12 mm, a thickness of 1 mm, an incident surface semi-aperture of 8.5 mm, and an exit surface semi-aperture of 7.5 mm; The fifth biconvex lens has an incident surface curvature radius of 14 mm to 15 mm, an exit surface curvature radius of -129 mm to -130 mm, a thickness of 3.25 mm, an incident surface semi-aperture of 8 mm, and an exit surface semi-aperture of 8 mm; The fourth convexo-concave lens has an incident surface curvature radius of 21 mm to 22 mm, an exit surface curvature radius of 58 mm to 59 mm, a thickness of 3.25 mm, an incident surface semi-aperture of 8 mm, and an exit surface semi-aperture of 7.5 mm; The fifth convexo-concave lens has an incident surface curvature radius of 22 mm to 23 mm, an exit surface curvature radius of 8 mm to 9 mm, a thickness of 3 mm, an incident surface semi-aperture of 6 mm, and an exit surface semi-aperture of 5.5 mm; The sixth convexo-concave lens has an incident surface curvature radius of 10 mm to 11 mm, an exit surface curvature radius of 8 mm to 9 mm, a thickness of 6.507 mm, an incident surface semi-aperture of 6 mm, and an exit surface semi-aperture of 5 mm; The distance between the incident surface of the first convexo-concave lens and the exit surface of the sixth convexo-concave lens is 115 mm to 125 mm.

9. A design method for an ultra-small pixel, large aperture, wide-area, high-resolution optical system, characterized in that: include: Determine the concentric spherical lens according to the imaging requirements and the target size and pixel size of the selected ultra-large target small pixel detector, wherein the imaging requirements include the working distance, target size, imaging quality, and total field of view requirements; According to the system focal length of the ultra-small pixel large aperture wide area high resolution optical system and the focal length of the constructed concentric spherical lens, a secondary imaging optical unit is constructed, and the field of view coverage of the secondary imaging optical unit is obtained; Adjusting the distance between the concentric spherical lens and the secondary imaging optical unit, and the structure of the secondary imaging optical unit, so that the imaging effect of the sub-optical system composed of the concentric spherical lens and the secondary imaging optical unit meets the imaging quality corresponding to the imaging requirement, and obtaining the distance between the secondary imaging optical unit and the center of the concentric spherical lens; Determine, according to the distance between the secondary imaging optical unit and the center of the concentric spherical lens, the total field of view requirement, the field of view coverage of the secondary imaging optical unit, the preset overlapping pixel range of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units, and the preset arrangement requirement of the secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array, the angle between two transversely adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array and the angle between two longitudinally adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array, as well as the number of secondary imaging optical units in each transverse row and the number of secondary imaging optical units in each longitudinal column in the secondary imaging optical system array; The arrangement requirements of the secondary imaging optical units in the preset secondary imaging optical system array include: each of the secondary imaging optical units is arranged behind the spherical primary image plane corresponding to the concentric spherical lens, and on any spherical surface with the center of the concentric spherical lens as the sphere center, and there is an overlapping area between the fields of view of each of the secondary imaging optical units, and the arrangement mode between any three adjacent secondary imaging optical units is an isosceles triangle, and the opening angle of the edge of the mechanical aperture of each of the secondary imaging optical units relative to the sphere center of the concentric spherical lens is smaller than the maximum lateral opening angle and the maximum longitudinal opening angle between two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array, the maximum lateral opening angle is the angle between the optical axes of the two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array when the fields of view of the two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array are connected and do not overlap, and the maximum longitudinal opening angle is the angle between the optical axes of the two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array when the fields of view of the two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array are connected and do not overlap; According to the angle between two laterally adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array and the angle between two longitudinally adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array, as well as the number of secondary imaging optical units in each horizontal row and the number of secondary imaging optical units in each vertical column in the secondary imaging optical system array, the secondary imaging optical units and the ultra-large target surface small pixel detectors, the secondary imaging optical system array is constructed by rotating and arranging the center of the concentric spherical lens as the origin. The secondary imaging optical system array includes a plurality of the secondary imaging optical units and ultra-large target surface small pixel detectors corresponding to each of the secondary imaging optical units, and each of the ultra-large target surface small pixel detectors is respectively arranged at the focal plane of the corresponding secondary imaging optical unit.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that The method of determining the angle between two transversely adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array and the angle between two longitudinally adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array according to the distance between the secondary imaging optical unit and the center of the concentric spherical lens, the total field of view requirement, the field of view coverage range of the secondary imaging optical unit, the preset overlapping pixel range of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units, and the preset arrangement requirement of each secondary imaging optical unit in the secondary imaging optical system array comprises: Determine the minimum opening angle between two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array according to the distance between the optical axes of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array and the distance between any of the secondary imaging optical units and the center of the concentric spherical lens, wherein the minimum opening angle is the angle between the optical axes of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array when the mechanical apertures of the two adjacent secondary imaging optical units are connected and do not overlap; Determine, according to the total field of view requirement and the field of view coverage of each of the secondary imaging optical units, a maximum lateral opening angle and a maximum longitudinal opening angle between two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array, wherein the maximum lateral opening angle is the angle between the optical axes of the two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array when the fields of view of the two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array are connected and do not overlap, and the maximum longitudinal opening angle is the angle between the optical axes of the two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array when the fields of view of the two adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array are connected and do not overlap; According to the total field of view requirement, the field of view coverage of each of the secondary imaging optical units, the preset overlapping pixel range of two adjacent secondary imaging optical units, the minimum opening angle, the lateral maximum opening angle and the longitudinal maximum opening angle, the angle between two laterally adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array and the angle between two longitudinally adjacent secondary imaging optical units in the secondary imaging optical system array are determined.

Images