Quantum information processing system

Abstract

The invention provides a quantum information processing system, and the system comprises an optical modulator which is suitable for modulating an initial laser beam generated by a laser, and generating a one-dimensional light spot array; the first light spot mapping assembly is suitable for mapping the one-dimensional light spot array into a first light spot array; the first light spot array has a distribution form matched with the quantum bit array, and the quantum bit array is suitable for being excited by the first light spot array to generate fluorescence signals distributed in an array form, so that the fluorescence signals form a first point light source array; the second light spot mapping assembly is suitable for obtaining the spatial position of each quantum bit in the quantum bit array based on the first point light source array, and mapping the first point light source array into a one-dimensional point light source array; the detection array is adapted to convert a plurality of optical signals in the one-dimensional point light source array into a plurality of first electrical signals.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] At least one embodiment of the present disclosure relates to the field of quantum computing technology, and more specifically, to a quantum information processing system. Background Art

[0002] In the field of quantum information, potential quantum information systems based on neutral atoms, ions, quantum dots and quasiparticles have great advantages in the fields of quantum networks, quantum computing, quantum simulation, quantum precision measurement, etc. In various quantum information processing systems, how to build the system architecture is a key issue. In addition, in a specific system architecture, finding and locating a specific bit or a specific bit subset (group), solving arbitrary addressing, and manipulating, measuring, writing and reading it is a key issue.

[0003] In quantum information processing systems based on neutral atoms, ions, quantum dots, quasiparticles, etc., the core is to arrange neutral atoms, ions, quantum dots, quasiparticles, etc. into arrays in space. In the past dot-matrix quantum manipulation architecture, the two-dimensional acousto-optic deflector (2D-AOD) was responsible for addressing and manipulation, and then the electron multiplying photocoupler device (EMCCD) or complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) was used for measurement (including readout). This solution would have problems in the three aspects of addressing, manipulation and measurement (including readout).

[0004] The problems in addressing and manipulation in related quantum information processing systems are: First, the number is n 2 When the bits (array grid points) are addressed and manipulated by a two-dimensional acousto-optic deflector, the adjustable degrees of freedom in the two-dimensional acousto-optic deflector are only 2n, which makes it impossible to achieve selective manipulation of any quantum bit or quantum bit subset. Second, when the electrical signal frequency channel is an arbitrary waveform, the non-monochromaticity of the waveform will cause the diffracted light of the acousto-optic deflector (AOD) to shake, which will have a certain impact on the manipulation of the quantum bit. Third, the system compatibility of physical bits is poor, and only bits on a one-dimensional straight line or bits in the same row or column in a two-dimensional plane can be addressed and manipulated.

[0005] The problems in measurement (including readout) in relevant quantum information processing systems are: first, the electron multiplying photocoupler device (EMCCD) and complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) have a background noise that is independent of the exposure time, which makes it impossible to shorten the detection process time and the detection efficiency is low; second, the transmission time of electronics is long, which will greatly limit the quantum information processing process that requires feedback. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve at least one of the above-mentioned and other technical problems in the prior art, the present disclosure provides a quantum information processing system that can address, manipulate and measure a quantum bit or a set of quantum bits in a quantum bit array, can realize parallel manipulation and joint measurement of multiple quantum bits, and improve the reading and writing speed of quantum bits.

[0007] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a quantum information processing system, comprising:

[0008] An optical modulator, adapted to modulate an initial laser beam generated by a laser to generate a one-dimensional light spot array;

[0009] A first light spot mapping component, adapted to map the one-dimensional light spot array into a first light spot array;

[0010] A quantum bit array having a distribution form matching the first light spot array and adapted to be excited by the first light spot array to generate fluorescent signals distributed in an array form, so that the fluorescent signals constitute a first point light source array;

[0011] A second light spot mapping component is adapted to obtain the spatial position of each quantum bit in the quantum bit array based on the first point light source array, and map the first point light source array into a one-dimensional point light source array;

[0012] A detection array, adapted to convert a plurality of optical signals in the one-dimensional point light source array into a plurality of first electrical signals;

[0013] Among them, the center position of each light spot in the above-mentioned first light spot array and the center position of each point light source in the above-mentioned first point light source array correspond one-to-one to the spatial position of each quantum bit in the above-mentioned quantum bit array, so as to realize the addressing, manipulation and measurement of a quantum bit or a set of quantum bits in the above-mentioned quantum bit array.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the quantum information processing system further includes a control component, which is adapted to output an electrical signal for controlling the optical modulator to modulate the amplitude and phase of the initial laser beam, thereby controlling the amplitude and phase of the one-dimensional light spot array and the first light spot array, and further changing the quantum state evolution of the quantum bit array;

[0015] The electrical signal includes a plurality of sub-waves, each of which corresponds to a frequency component. By modulating the amplitude and phase of the plurality of sub-waves, independent control of the quantum state of each of the quantum bits is achieved.

[0016] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the above-mentioned detection array includes a plurality of detection units, and each of the above-mentioned detection units is adapted to convert each of the above-mentioned optical signals into the above-mentioned first electrical signal to detect each of the above-mentioned optical signals, thereby detecting each of the above-mentioned qubits;

[0017] Among them, the first mapping relationship between the above-mentioned fluorescence signal and the detection unit satisfies , and the first mapping relationship includes any one of one-to-one correspondence, many-to-one, and m-to-n. Q is an arbitrary subset of {1, 2,..., N}, Q is an arbitrary qubit set, j is an element in the Q set, , j is an integer, m > 1, 1 < n < m, and both m and n are integers.

[0018] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the above-mentioned quantum information processing system further includes:

[0019] A measurement component adapted to convert a plurality of the above-mentioned first electrical signals into a plurality of digital signals, and the mapping relationship between the above-mentioned first electrical signal and the above-mentioned digital signal satisfies one-to-one correspondence;

[0020] A processor adapted to perform timing control and algorithm processing in quantum computing, quantum simulation, and quantum networks, real-time feedback and error correction of quantum circuits, perform feed-forward operations in dynamic quantum circuits, and process classical information.

[0021] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the above-mentioned second spot mapping component is configured to map the above-mentioned first point light source array to a one-dimensional point light source array by adjusting the mapping parameters of each of the above-mentioned point light sources in the above-mentioned first point light source array, so as to realize the joint measurement of a plurality of the above-mentioned qubits through the above-mentioned measurement component.

[0022] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the second mapping relationship between the above-mentioned one-dimensional spot array and the above-mentioned first spot array includes any one of a static mapping relationship and a dynamic mapping relationship; and / or

[0023] The third mapping relationship between the above-mentioned first spot array and the distribution form of the above-mentioned qubit array includes any one of a static mapping relationship and a dynamic mapping relationship; and / or

[0024] The fourth mapping relationship between the distribution form of the above-mentioned qubit array and the above-mentioned first point light source array includes any one of a static mapping relationship and a dynamic mapping relationship.

[0025] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the distribution form of the above-mentioned qubit array includes any one of a one-dimensional non-uniform spacing array distribution, a two-dimensional array distribution, and a three-dimensional array distribution.

[0026] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the above-mentioned quantum bit array includes a material bit system, and the above-mentioned material bit system includes any one of neutral atoms, ion traps, quantum dots and quasimatoms.

[0027] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the above-mentioned first light spot mapping component and the second light spot mapping component are both suitable for serving as optical interfaces for the above-mentioned quantum bits, and the above-mentioned first point light source array and the above-mentioned one-dimensional point light source are coupled through the above-mentioned optical interface to realize the mutual conversion between the state of the above-mentioned quantum bits and the quantum state of photons emitted by the above-mentioned first point light source array.

[0028] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the above-mentioned optical interface is suitable for being used as an optical interface for coupling between a quantum node in a quantum network and the above-mentioned communication optical fiber array to realize the interconnection of the above-mentioned quantum nodes; the above-mentioned optical interface is also suitable for being used as an interface between a quantum repeater and the above-mentioned communication optical fiber array, so that the above-mentioned quantum repeater can perform polarization encoding and quantum error correction operations.

[0029] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first light spot mapping component and the second light spot mapping component both include any one of the following: a spatial light phase modulator, an optical chip, and an acoustic chip;

[0030] The first light spot mapping component and the second light spot mapping component both further include any one or a combination of the following: an optical fiber array, a lens, and a grating.

[0031] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, an optical modulator is set to modulate the initial laser beam generated by the laser to generate a one-dimensional light spot array, and the first light spot mapping component is used to map the one-dimensional light spot array into a first light spot array in a distribution form matching the quantum bit array; the quantum bit array is excited by the first light spot array to generate a fluorescent signal distributed in an array form, so that the fluorescent signal constitutes a first point light source array; the second light spot mapping component is used to obtain the spatial position of each quantum bit in the quantum bit array based on the first point light source array, and the first point light source array is mapped into a one-dimensional point light source array; the detection array is used to convert multiple optical signals in the one-dimensional point light source array into multiple first electrical signals. The center position of each light spot in the first light spot array and the center position of each point light source in the first point light source array correspond to the spatial position of each quantum bit in the quantum bit array one by one, so that the addressing, manipulation and measurement of a quantum bit or a set of quantum bits in the quantum bit array are realized, which has strong compatibility with the material bit system, and realizes the parallel manipulation and joint measurement of multiple quantum bits, thereby improving the reading and writing speed of quantum bits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] The above contents and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent through the following description of the embodiments of the present disclosure with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0033] Figure 1 Schematically shows a block diagram of a quantum information processing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0034] Figure 2 The working principle diagram of the spatial optical phase modulator according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown;

[0035] Figure 3 A schematic diagram schematically shows a mapping relationship between multiple frequency components in a quantum information processing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure and the spatial position of each light spot in a one-dimensional light spot array;

[0036] Figure 4 A schematic diagram schematically shows a second mapping relationship between a one-dimensional light spot array and a first light spot array in a quantum information processing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0037] Figure 5 A schematic diagram schematically shows a fifth mapping relationship between a first point light source array and a one-dimensional point light source array in a quantum information processing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0038] Figure 6 A schematic diagram schematically shows a sixth mapping relationship between a one-dimensional point light source array and a detection array in a quantum information processing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0039] Figure 7 A schematic diagram schematically shows a mapping relationship of a quantum bit manipulation part in a quantum information processing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0040] Figure 8 A schematic diagram schematically shows a mapping relationship of a quantum bit measurement part in a quantum information processing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0041] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of quantum bit manipulation effect in a quantum information processing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown;

[0042] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of quantum bit measurement results in a quantum information processing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0043] In the above drawings, the meanings of the reference numerals are as follows:

[0044] 1- Optical modulator;

[0045] 2-first spot mapping component;

[0046] 3- Quantum bit array;

[0047] 4-second spot mapping component;

[0048] 5-Detection component;

[0049] 6-Incident laser beam;

[0050] 7- Diffraction laser beam;

[0051] 8- first lens;

[0052] 9- second lens;

[0053] a, b, c, d - first qubit;

[0054] e - the second qubit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In the following detailed description, for ease of explanation, many specific details are set forth to provide a comprehensive understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure. However, it is apparent that one or more embodiments may also be implemented without these specific details. In addition, in the following description, descriptions of known structures and technologies are omitted to avoid unnecessary confusion of the concepts of the present disclosure.

[0056] The terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. The terms "comprise", "include", etc. used herein indicate the existence of features, steps, operations and / or components, but do not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations or components.

[0057] All terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the context of this specification and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly rigid manner.

[0058] When using expressions such as "at least one of A, B, and C, etc.", they should generally be interpreted according to the meaning of the expression commonly understood by those skilled in the art (for example, "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" should include but is not limited to a system having A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B, A and C, B and C, and / or A, B, C, etc.).

[0059] The relevant quantum information processing systems are unable to achieve addressing manipulation, parallel and independent control and addressing measurement of any quantum bit or any subset of quantum bits, which greatly limits large-scale quantum simulation, quantum computing, and fault-tolerant quantum computing; and the detection efficiency of quantum bits is low, and the transmission time of the detected information at the electronic level is long, which greatly limits the quantum information processing process that requires feedback.

[0060] In view of this, the present disclosure provides a quantum information processing system, which modulates the initial laser beam generated by the laser by setting an optical modulator to generate a one-dimensional light spot array, and uses a first light spot mapping component to map the one-dimensional light spot array into a first light spot array in a distribution form matching the quantum bit array; the quantum bit array is excited by the first light spot array to generate a fluorescent signal distributed in an array form, so that the fluorescent signal constitutes a first point light source array; the second light spot mapping component is used to obtain the spatial position of each quantum bit in the quantum bit array based on the first point light source array, and the first point light source array is mapped into a one-dimensional point light source array; and the detection array is used to convert multiple optical signals in the one-dimensional point light source array into multiple first electrical signals. The center position of each light spot in the first light spot array and the center position of each point light source in the first point light source array correspond to the spatial position of each quantum bit in the quantum bit array one by one, so as to realize the addressing, manipulation and measurement of a quantum bit or a set of quantum bits in the quantum bit array, have strong compatibility with the material bit system, realize the joint measurement of multiple quantum bits, and improve the reading and writing speed of quantum bits.

[0061] Figure 1 The structural framework diagram of the quantum information processing system according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0062] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 1 As shown, the quantum information processing system includes an optical modulator 1, a first light spot mapping component 2, a quantum bit array 3, a second light spot mapping component 4 and a detection array 5. The optical modulator 1 is suitable for modulating the initial laser beam generated by the laser to generate a one-dimensional light spot array; the first light spot mapping component 2 is suitable for mapping the one-dimensional light spot array into a first light spot array; the quantum bit array 3 has a distribution form matching the first light spot array, and is suitable for being excited by the first light spot array to generate a fluorescent signal distributed in an array form, so that the fluorescent signal constitutes a first point light source array; the second light spot mapping component 4 is suitable for obtaining the spatial position of each quantum bit in the quantum bit array 3 based on the first point light source array, and mapping the first point light source array into a one-dimensional point light source array; the detection array 5 is suitable for converting multiple optical signals in the one-dimensional point light source array into multiple first electrical signals.

[0063] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the center position of each light spot in the first light spot array and the center position of each point light source in the first point light source array correspond one-to-one to the spatial position of each quantum bit in the quantum bit array 3, so as to realize addressing, manipulation and measurement of a quantum bit or a set of quantum bits in the quantum bit array 3.

[0064] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, an optical modulator 1 is used to modulate the initial laser beam generated by the laser to generate a one-dimensional light spot array, and a first light spot mapping component 2 is used to map the one-dimensional light spot array into a first light spot array in a distribution form matching the quantum bit array 3; the quantum bit array 3 is excited by the first light spot array to generate a fluorescent signal distributed in an array form, so that the fluorescent signal constitutes a first point light source array; a second light spot mapping component 4 is used to obtain the spatial position of each quantum bit in the quantum bit array 3 based on the first point light source array, and the first point light source array is mapped into a one-dimensional point light source array; a detection array 5 is used to convert multiple optical signals in the one-dimensional point light source array into multiple first electrical signals. The center position of each light spot in the first light spot array and the center position of each point light source in the first point light source array correspond one-to-one to the spatial position of each quantum bit in the quantum bit array 3, so that addressing, manipulation and measurement of a quantum bit or a set of quantum bits in the quantum bit array 3 are realized, which has strong compatibility with the material bit system, and realizes parallel manipulation and joint measurement of multiple quantum bits, thereby improving the reading and writing speed of quantum bits.

[0065] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a plurality of fluorescent signals in the first point light source array are distributed in an array form; and the first light spot array has a distribution form that matches the quantum bit array.

[0066] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, addressing refers to locating a specific quantum bit or a set of quantum bits in the quantum bit array 3. Since quantum bits are microscopic particles, their position and state are difficult to directly observe macroscopically, so specific technical means are required to achieve addressing. Manipulation refers to performing various quantum gate operations on quantum bits to realize information processing and transformation. Quantum gate operations are the basic units of quantum computing. They follow the basic principles of quantum mechanics and can achieve various complex computing tasks. Measurement refers to reading and observing the state of quantum bits. Since the state of quantum bits has superposition and entanglement, the measurement process will affect the state of quantum bits, resulting in the collapse of quantum states. The above-mentioned quantum information processing system can realize arbitrary addressing of two-dimensional or three-dimensional quantum bit distribution, perform parallel and independent manipulation of different quantum bits, arbitrarily modulate the frequency channel of electrical signals, and the spot position of the addressing light will not shake due to the non-monochromaticity of the waveform.

[0067] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the above-mentioned quantum information processing system can be integrated into an optical chip or an acoustic chip, thereby realizing the miniaturization of the quantum information processing system and having strong chip compatibility.

[0068] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the optical modulator 1 includes acousto-optic deflectors, acousto-optic modulators, phononic chips and other acousto-optic devices and electro-optic modulators, photonic chips and other electro-optic devices. These acousto-optic or electro-optic devices combined with optical devices such as gratings, microlens arrays, optical fiber arrays, photonic lanterns, etc. generate a one-dimensional light spot array, which is also a one-dimensional focused light spot array.

[0069] According to some alternative embodiments of the present disclosure, the optical modulator 1 is an acousto-optic device, which modulates the initial laser beam through the acousto-optic effect by relying on an electrical signal input by a control component, and generates diffracted laser beams emitting at different angles in space.

[0070] According to some alternative embodiments of the present disclosure, the optical modulator 1 is an electro-optical device. The optical modulator 1 modulates the initial laser beam by means of an electrical signal including sub-waves of different frequencies input by a control component, and modulates the initial laser beam at different frequencies. These laser components of different frequencies are diffracted at a grating or a microlens array, and a diffracted laser beam is output to form a one-dimensional light spot array in space.

[0071] According to some alternative embodiments of the present disclosure, the optical modulator 1 is a combination of an acoustic chip or a photonic chip and an integrated optical chip such as a microlens array or a photonic lantern.

[0072] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first light spot mapping component 2 and the second light spot mapping component 4 both include any one of the following: a spatial light phase modulator, an optical chip, and an acoustic chip; the first light spot mapping component 2 and the second light spot mapping component 4 both also include any one of the following or a combination of the following: an optical fiber array, a lens, and a grating.

[0073] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the lens includes a microlens array and a superlens, and the grating includes an arrayed waveguide grating.

[0074] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, an optical chip or an acoustic chip can be prepared on a substrate of a certain material by etching technology, and the etching parameters can be determined by the adapted laser band; a spatial light phase modulator can achieve a linear mapping between input and output by adjusting its input graph; a spot mapping component is composed of two optical fiber arrays, and the two optical fiber arrays are connected to achieve a linear mapping of the spot; a superlens can adjust its refractive index distribution to achieve the linear mapping relationship required by the spot mapping component; an arrayed waveguide grating can adjust the spatial structure of its surface so that the diffraction effect of the incident spot array reaches the effect of the first spot array output by the spot mapping component.

[0075] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the number of quantum bits mainly depends on the number of spots that can be mapped by the first spot mapping component 2 and the second spot mapping component 4. The scalability of the quantum bit array 3 increases linearly with the increase in the scale of the spot mapping component, so that the quantum bit array 3 of the above-mentioned quantum information processing system has high scalability.

[0076] According to some alternative embodiments of the present disclosure, both the first light spot mapping component 2 and the second light spot mapping component 4 are spatial light modulators.

[0077] Figure 2 The working principle diagram of the spatial light phase modulator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0078] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 2 As shown, the liquid crystal surface of the spatial light phase modulator includes N areas, and the center of each area is arranged on a one-dimensional straight line. For the incident laser beam 6, the spatial light phase modulator performs phase modulation on the incident laser beam 6. After modulation, the incident laser beam 6 diffracts in one or more directions to output a diffracted laser beam 7. The diffracted laser beam 7 then passes through a lens or a super lens to form a three-dimensional spot array with arbitrary spatial distribution.

[0079] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the quantum information processing system further includes a control component, which is adapted to output an electrical signal for controlling the optical modulator to modulate the amplitude and phase of the initial laser beam, thereby controlling the amplitude and phase of the one-dimensional light spot array and the first light spot array, and thus changing the quantum state evolution of the quantum bit array 3. The electrical signal includes a plurality of sub-waves, each of which corresponds to a frequency component, and the independent regulation of the quantum state of each quantum bit is achieved by modulating the amplitude and phase of the plurality of sub-waves.

[0080] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the control component outputs an electrical signal to control the optical modulator to modulate the amplitude and phase of the initial laser beam, thereby controlling the amplitude and phase of the one-dimensional light spot array and the first light spot array, thereby changing the quantum state evolution of the quantum bit array 3.

[0081] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the distribution form of the first light spot array matches the distribution form of the quantum bit array 3, that is, the spatial distribution configuration of the first light spot array is the same as the spatial distribution configuration of the quantum bit array 3. By adjusting the amplitude, phase and waveform of each light spot in the first light spot array, the quantum bit corresponding to the position of each light spot in the first light spot array is initialized to a specific quantum state, thereby realizing the initialization of the quantum bit.

[0082] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the control component is configured to adjust the emission angle of the diffracted laser beam by outputting an electrical signal including multiple sub-waves, so that the modulated initial laser beam (i.e., the diffracted laser beam) forms a one-dimensional spot array in space.

[0083] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the control component includes a timing board, a radio frequency source, a microwave source, an arbitrary waveform generator, and an IQ modulator.

[0084] Figure 3 The diagram schematically shows the mapping relationship between multiple frequency components in a quantum information processing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure and the spatial position of each light spot in a one-dimensional light spot array.

[0085] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the optical modulator 1 modulates the initial laser beam by means of an acousto-optic effect or an electro-optic effect, relying on an electrical signal input by a control component, and the modulated initial laser beam has different emission angles according to different input frequencies. Figure 3 As shown, when the frequency of the loaded electrical signal includes multiple frequency components When , the modulated initial laser beam forms a one-dimensional spot array in space. The spatial position of each spot in the one-dimensional spot array is , there is a one-to-one mapping relationship between the spatial position of each light spot in the one-dimensional light spot array and multiple frequency components: , , M and i are both integers.

[0086] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the center frequency of each frequency component Fixed, called a sub-wave, that is, each sub-wave corresponds to a frequency component, and multiple sub-waves are modulated with arbitrary amplitude and phase, and the complex pulse sequence is Through the above mapping relationship, arbitrary parallel manipulation of quantum bits can be achieved by modulating the amplitude and phase of multi-wavelet electrical signals:

[0087]

[0088] in is the Hamiltonian of the system, , , are three Pauli operators, which together with the unit operator form a basis. P is any subset of {1,2,…,M}, Q is any subset of {1,2,…,N}, and Q is any set of quantum bits.

[0089] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the amplitude and phase of each spot in the first spot array are waveform-controlled by using a multi-wavelet radio frequency signal and an optical modulator. Such control can achieve various waveform controls including periodic control, static, switching, and arbitrary pulse waveforms, thereby meeting the diverse requirements of qubit manipulation and measurement.

[0090] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the detection array 5 converts a plurality of optical signals in the one-dimensional point light source array into a plurality of first electrical signals, and the mapping relationship between the optical signals and the first electrical signals satisfies .

[0091] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the detection array 5 includes a plurality of detection units, and each detection unit is adapted to convert each optical signal into a first electrical signal to detect each optical signal, thereby detecting each qubit. Among them, the first mapping relationship between the fluorescence signal and the detection unit satisfies , the first mapping relationship includes any one of one-to-one, many-to-one, and m-to-n, Q is an arbitrary subset of {1, 2,..., N}, Q is an arbitrary qubit set, j is an element in the Q set, , j is an integer, m > 1, 1 < n < m, and both m and n are integers.

[0092] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the detection array 5 is an expandable detection array, that is, the number of the plurality of detection units included in the detection array 5 can be expandably increased. The detection array 5 can collect fluorescence signals. By using each detection unit in the detection array 5 to convert each optical signal into a first electrical signal, the detection of each optical signal is realized, thereby realizing the detection of each qubit, and improving the detection sensitivity, shortening the detection time and the feedback time.

[0093] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first mapping relationship between the fluorescence signal and the detection unit is the mapping relationship between the spatial position of each qubit in the qubit array 3 and each detection unit in the detection array 5.

[0094] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the detection array 5 completes the state detection of an arbitrary qubit set . During the detection time, the fluorescence signal with the number of photons emitted by the Jth qubit being is obtained.

[0095] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the detection array 5 includes any one of a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD), a photomultiplier tube (PMT), a charge-coupled device (CCD), and a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS).

[0096] According to some replaceable embodiments of the present disclosure, the detection units in the detection array 5 are single-photon avalanche diodes, and the photon signals emitted by the first point light source array (i.e., the fluorescence signals generated when the quantum bit array 3 is excited by the first light spot array) are output to the second light spot mapping component 4. The output of the second light spot mapping component 4 matches the spatial light input of the communication optical fiber array. Each optical fiber of the communication optical fiber array is connected to a single-photon avalanche diode, thereby forming a single-photon avalanche diode array.

[0097] According to some replaceable embodiments of the present disclosure, the detection units in the detection array 5 are photomultiplier tubes, and the photon signals emitted by the first point light source array are mapped to the photomultiplier tube array through the second light spot mapping component 4, and the photomultiplier tube array completes the detection of each quantum bit.

[0098] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the quantum information processing system further includes a measurement component and a processor. The measurement component is suitable for converting a plurality of first electrical signals into a plurality of digital signals, and the mapping relationship between the first electrical signals and the digital signals satisfies a one-to-one correspondence; the processor is suitable for quantum computing, quantum simulation, and timing control and algorithm processing in quantum networks, real-time feedback and error correction of quantum circuits, execution of feedforward operations in dynamic quantum circuits, and processing of classical information.

[0099] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the mapping relationship between the first electrical signal and the digital signal satisfies The digital signal is subjected to threshold judgment or coincidence measurement through the measurement component to realize joint measurement of multiple quantum bits, that is, mapping the spatial position of each quantum bit in the quantum bit array 3 into a digital signal: .

[0100] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the processor is also suitable for monitoring the energy level offset of the quantum bit in real time, and adjusting the first light spot mapping component to ensure that the center position of each light spot in the first light spot array corresponds one-to-one to the spatial position of each quantum bit.

[0101] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the processor can adjust the parameters of the control component, process the digital signal of the measurement component, complete the measurement of the quantum system, and perform fast logic processing. Since the communication between the processor and the control component and the measurement component can be transmitted through a radio frequency line, the quantum information processing system has the function of fast feedback or feedforward. The processor, the control component, and the measurement component all have the characteristics of low electronic delay communication.

[0102] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the measurement component includes an ADC acquisition card and a counter card; the processor includes a logic processor and a clock card.

[0103] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the control component, the measurement component and the processor belong to the electronic architecture part of the above-mentioned quantum information processing system; the optical modulator 1, the first light spot mapping component 2 and the quantum bit array 3 belong to the quantum bit manipulation part of the above-mentioned quantum information processing system; the quantum bit array 3, the second light spot mapping component 4 and the detection array 5 belong to the quantum bit measurement part of the above-mentioned quantum information processing system.

[0104] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the electronics architecture is partially integrated into a chassis, and the chassis can select a PXIe or PCIe bus. The qubit manipulation part of the above-mentioned quantum information processing system can be implemented by an arbitrary waveform generator. In order to realize the requirement of arbitrary modulation based on each sub-wave, an orthogonal modulation method can be used to input high-frequency carriers of different fixed frequencies into the carrier interface of the IQ modulator, and two arbitrary waveforms with a phase difference of π / 2 are respectively input into the I and Q channels of the IQ modulator, thereby obtaining a sub-wave after single-sideband modulation. The qubit measurement part of the above-mentioned quantum information processing system can be implemented by devices such as counters and data acquisition cards. The processing of the counting signal by the measurement part includes two types: timing mode and coincidence measurement. When the timing mode is executed, the threshold judgment program of the counting signal is written into the measurement part, thereby completing the measurement of the qubit (including readout).

[0105] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, in the process of controlling the quantum bit through the control component, the waveform modulation of the amplitude and phase of each sub-wave is adjusted according to the optimization control requirements of the quantum bit, and the corresponding quantum gate and quantum circuit are executed. In the process of measuring the quantum bit, the control component sends a corresponding pulse instruction, and the measurement component measures the count of the photon signal of the quantum bit.

[0106] According to the mapping relationship between the optical modulator 1 and the second light spot mapping component 2, the central frequencies of each sub-wave of the electronic structure are adjusted to match the mapping relationship.

[0107] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the second light spot mapping component 4 is configured to map the first point light source array to a one-dimensional point light source array by adjusting the mapping parameters of each point light source in the first point light source array, thereby realizing joint measurement of multiple quantum bits through the measurement component.

[0108] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, mapping parameters refer to the position, intensity and phase of each point light source. By adjusting the mapping parameters of each point light source, the joint measurement of multiple quantum bits can be achieved through the measurement component, thereby realizing the preparation of the entangled state of the quantum bits and revealing the entangled relationship between the multiple quantum bits.

[0109] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the second mapping relationship between the one-dimensional light spot array and the first light spot array includes any one of a static mapping relationship and a dynamic mapping relationship; and / or the third mapping relationship between the first light spot array and the distribution form of the quantum bit array 3 includes any one of a static mapping relationship and a dynamic mapping relationship; and / or the fourth mapping relationship between the distribution form of the quantum bit array 3 and the first point light source array includes any one of a static mapping relationship and a dynamic mapping relationship.

[0110] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a static mapping relationship refers to a mapping relationship that has been determined and will not change, such as the connection of an optical waveguide or a plurality of optical fiber arrays, and the mapping relationship is determined after the chip is prepared. A dynamic mapping relationship refers to a mapping relationship that can be dynamically changed according to actual needs, such as in a spatial light phase modulator, the mapping relationship can be dynamically changed by changing the phase factor of each pixel of the spatial light phase modulator.

[0111] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first mapping relationship, the second mapping relationship, the third mapping relationship, and the fourth mapping relationship are switchable and switchable, providing extremely high flexibility and controllability. This feature allows the quantum information processing system to be adjusted in real time according to actual needs, thereby providing extremely high flexibility and controllability.

[0112] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a second mapping relationship between a one-dimensional light spot array and a first light spot array in a quantum information processing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0113] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the one-dimensional light spot array is mapped into a first light spot array by the first light spot mapping component 2, such as Figure 4 As shown, the positions of the light spots in the first light spot array satisfy , the mapping relationship between the one-dimensional spot array and the first spot array is , where in quantum computing Typically this can be selected as 0 or 1.

[0114] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the center position of each light spot in the first light spot array corresponds to the spatial position of each quantum bit in the quantum bit array 3, that is, the quantum bit The location is located at By adjusting the amplitude, phase and waveform of each light spot in the first light spot array, The time-dependent evolution of .

[0115] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the fifth mapping relationship between the first point light source array and the one-dimensional point light source array includes any one of a static mapping relationship and a dynamic mapping relationship.

[0116] Figure 5 A schematic diagram schematically shows a fifth mapping relationship between a first point light source array and a one-dimensional point light source array in a quantum information processing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0117] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 5 As shown, the fifth mapping relationship between the first point light source array and the one-dimensional point light source array satisfies .

[0118] Figure 6 A schematic diagram schematically shows a sixth mapping relationship between a one-dimensional point light source array and a detection array in a quantum information processing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0119] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 6 As shown, the sixth mapping relationship between the one-dimensional point light source array and the detection array 5 satisfies .

[0120] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the distribution form of the quantum bit array 3 includes any one of a one-dimensional unequal spacing array distribution, a two-dimensional array distribution, and a three-dimensional array distribution.

[0121] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the quantum bit array 3 includes a material bit system, and the material bit system includes any one of neutral atoms, ion traps, quantum dots and quasi-atoms.

[0122] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the above-mentioned quantum information processing system can be applied to one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional quantum bit configurations of arbitrary spatial configurations, and can be applied to quantum information processing systems composed of neutral atoms, ion traps, quantum dots, quasiparticles, etc., and has strong compatibility with material bit systems.

[0123] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first light spot mapping component 2 and the second light spot mapping component 4 are both suitable for serving as optical interfaces for quantum bits, and the first point light source array is coupled with the one-dimensional point light source through the optical interface to achieve mutual conversion between the state of the quantum bit and the quantum state of the photons emitted by the first point light source array.

[0124] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the state of a quantum bit includes a spin state, an energy level state, etc.; the quantum state of a photon includes a polarization state, a frequency state, etc.

[0125] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the optical interface is suitable for being used as an optical interface for coupling between quantum nodes and communication optical fiber arrays in a quantum network to achieve interconnection of quantum nodes; the optical interface is also suitable for being used as an interface between a quantum repeater and a communication optical fiber array, so that the quantum repeater can perform polarization encoding and quantum error correction operations.

[0126] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a quantum node or a quantum repeater in a quantum network can be selected as a two-dimensional quantum bit system, and an optical interface can connect the two-dimensional quantum bit system, so that the quantum repeater can perform polarization encoding and quantum error correction operations, thereby extending the coherence time of quantum information during transmission.

[0127] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the mapping relationship of the quantum bit manipulation part in the quantum information processing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0128] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 7 As shown, the optical modulator 1 modulates the initial laser beam under the input of the two frequency components f1 and f2 radio frequency signals input by the control component. The modulated initial laser beam is diffracted by the first lens 8, and the diffracted laser beam is output, and a one-dimensional light spot array is formed in space. The one-dimensional light spot array is converted into a first light spot array after mapping and focusing by the first light spot mapping component 2 and the second lens 9. The center position of each light spot in the first light spot array corresponds to the spatial position of each quantum bit in the quantum bit array. Among them, at the same time, a, b, c, d and e also represent the five light spots in the first light spot array. The positions a, b, c, and d represent the first quantum bit, and the first quantum bit has a first quantum state. The second quantum bit is placed at the position e, and the control required for the first quantum bit and the second quantum bit is different.

[0129] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the mapping relationship of the quantum bit measurement part in the quantum information processing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0130] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 8 As shown, the quantum bit array 3 is excited by the first light spot array to generate a fluorescent signal, and the fluorescent signal constitutes a first point light source array. The center position of each point light source in the first point light source array corresponds one-to-one to the spatial position of each quantum bit in the quantum bit array 3. The first point light source array is converted into a one-dimensional point light source array after being mapped and focused by the second light spot mapping component 4 and the second lens 9. The detection array 5 detects the one-dimensional point light source array, converts multiple optical signals in the one-dimensional point light source array into multiple first electrical signals, and further processes the first electrical signals to obtain the entangled quantum states of multiple first quantum bits and the quantum state of the second quantum bit.

[0131] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the quantum bit manipulation effect in a quantum information processing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0132] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the electrical signal includes a plurality of sub-waves, each sub-wave corresponding to a frequency component, such as Fig. 9 As shown, the complex pulse sequence of the sub-wave is , by modulating the amplitude and phase of the wavelet, arbitrary parallel manipulation of the quantum state of each quantum bit can be achieved:

[0133] . Fig. 9 The arrow path in (a) represents the quantum state evolution of the quantum bit over a period of time.

[0134] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of quantum bit measurement results in a quantum information processing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0135] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the measuring component converts the plurality of first electrical signals into a plurality of digital signals, such as Fig.10 As shown, the spatial position of each quantum bit in the quantum bit array 3 is mapped into a digital signal: . Process the digital signal, Fig.10 In (b), the horizontal axis represents a count value, and the vertical axis represents the frequency. Fig.10 As can be seen from (b) in the figure, when it is greater than the counting threshold, it means that the detection array 5 can detect the quantum bit in the target quantum state, and when it is less than the counting threshold, it means that the detection array 5 cannot detect the quantum bit in the target quantum state.

[0136] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the features described in the various embodiments and / or claims of the present disclosure may be combined and / or combined in a variety of ways, even if such combinations and / or combinations are not explicitly described in the present disclosure. In particular, the features described in the various embodiments and / or claims of the present disclosure may be combined and / or combined in a variety of ways without departing from the spirit and teachings of the present disclosure. All of these combinations and / or combinations fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0137] The embodiments of the present disclosure are described above. However, these embodiments are only for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Although the embodiments are described above separately, this does not mean that the measures in the various embodiments cannot be used in combination to advantage. The scope of the present disclosure is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents. Without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, those skilled in the art may make a variety of substitutions and modifications, which should all fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A quantum information processing system, wherein: include: An optical modulator, adapted to modulate an initial laser beam generated by a laser to generate a one-dimensional light spot array; A first light spot mapping component, adapted to map the one-dimensional light spot array into a first light spot array; A quantum bit array having a distribution form matching the first light spot array and adapted to be excited by the first light spot array to generate fluorescent signals distributed in an array form, such that the fluorescent signals constitute a first point light source array; A second light spot mapping component is adapted to obtain the spatial position of each quantum bit in the quantum bit array based on the first point light source array, and map the first point light source array into a one-dimensional point light source array; A detection array, adapted to convert a plurality of optical signals in the one-dimensional point light source array into a plurality of first electrical signals; Among them, the center position of each light spot in the first light spot array and the center position of each point light source in the first point light source array correspond one-to-one to the spatial position of each quantum bit in the quantum bit array, so as to realize addressing, manipulation and measurement of a quantum bit or a set of quantum bits in the quantum bit array.

2. The quantum information processing system according to claim 1, wherein: It also includes a control component, which is suitable for outputting an electrical signal to control the optical modulator to modulate the amplitude and phase of the initial laser beam, thereby controlling the amplitude and phase of the one-dimensional light spot array and the first light spot array, and further changing the quantum state evolution of the quantum bit array; Wherein, the electrical signal includes multiple sub-waves, each of which corresponds to a frequency component, and the independent control of the quantum state of each quantum bit is achieved by modulating the amplitude and phase of the multiple sub-waves.

3. The quantum information processing system according to claim 2, wherein: The detection array comprises a plurality of detection units, each of which is adapted to convert each of the optical signals into the first electrical signal, so as to detect each of the optical signals, thereby detecting each of the quantum bits; Among them, the first mapping relationship between the fluorescence signal and the detection unit satisfies , the first mapping relationship includes any one of one-to-one, many-to-one, and m-to-n, Q is an arbitrary subset of {1, 2,..., N}, Q is an arbitrary set of qubits, j is an element in the set Q, , j is an integer, m > 1, 1 < n < m, and both m and n are integers.

4. The quantum information processing system according to claim 3, wherein: Also includes: A measuring component, adapted to convert the plurality of the first electrical signals into a plurality of digital signals, wherein a mapping relationship between the first electrical signals and the digital signals satisfies a one-to-one correspondence; The processor is suitable for quantum computing, quantum simulation, timing control and algorithm processing in quantum networks, real-time feedback and error correction of quantum circuits, feedforward operations in dynamic quantum circuits, and processing of classical information.

5. The quantum information processing system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: The second light spot mapping component is configured to map the first point light source array to a one-dimensional point light source array by adjusting the mapping parameters of each point light source in the first point light source array, thereby achieving joint measurement of multiple quantum bits through the measurement component.

6. The quantum information processing system according to claim 5, wherein: The second mapping relationship between the one-dimensional light spot array and the first light spot array includes any one of a static mapping relationship and a dynamic mapping relationship; and / or The third mapping relationship between the distribution form of the first light spot array and the quantum bit array includes any one of a static mapping relationship and a dynamic mapping relationship; and / or The fourth mapping relationship between the distribution form of the quantum bit array and the first point light source array includes any one of a static mapping relationship and a dynamic mapping relationship.

7. The quantum information processing system according to claim 6, wherein: The distribution form of the quantum bit array includes any one of a one-dimensional unequal spacing array distribution, a two-dimensional array distribution, and a three-dimensional array distribution; Preferably, the quantum bit array includes a material bit system, and the material bit system includes any one of neutral atoms, ion traps, quantum dots and quasi-atoms.

8. The quantum information processing system according to claim 7, wherein: The first light spot mapping component and the second light spot mapping component are both suitable for serving as optical interfaces for the quantum bits, and the first point light source array is coupled with the one-dimensional point light source through the optical interface to achieve mutual conversion between the state of the quantum bits and the quantum state of photons emitted by the first point light source array.

9. The quantum information processing system according to claim 8, wherein: The optical interface is suitable for being used as an optical interface for coupling between a quantum node in a quantum network and the communication optical fiber array to realize the interconnection of the quantum nodes; the optical interface is also suitable for being used as an interface between a quantum repeater and the communication optical fiber array, so that the quantum repeater can perform polarization encoding and quantum error correction operations.

10. The quantum information processing system according to claim 9, wherein: The first light spot mapping component and the second light spot mapping component each include any one of the following: a spatial light phase modulator, an optical chip, and an acoustic chip; The first light spot mapping component and the second light spot mapping component both further include any one or a combination of the following: an optical fiber array, a lens, and a grating.

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