Low-cost improvement method for moderate and severe saline-alkali soil in n-shaped bend area of Yellow River

Abstract

A low-cost improvement method for moderate and severe saline-alkali soil in an n-shaped bend area of the Yellow River comprises the steps that 1, a main irrigation canal is built on one side of the saline-alkali soil; 2) building a main drainage ditch on the other side of the saline-alkali soil; (3) a plurality of field irrigation canals and field drainage ditches are arranged between the main irrigation canals and the main drainage ditches, the field irrigation canals are communicated with the main irrigation canals, and the field drainage ditches are communicated with the main drainage ditches; 4, plum-blossom-shaped wells are built around the saline-alkali soil and comprise the second plum-blossom-shaped well located near the main drainage ditch and the first plum-blossom-shaped well located near the main irrigation canal, and the first plum-blossom-shaped well and the second plum-blossom-shaped well serve as drip irrigation water sources and lower the underground water level; the method has the advantages that the Yellow River is used for washing the saline-alkali soil and pressing the saline-alkali soil, regional water resources are rich, the cost is low, and the air permeability and drainage performance of the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil are improved by means of sand laying and sand mixing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali land treatment, and in particular to a low-cost method for improving moderately and severely saline-alkali land in the Yellow River Ji-ziwan area. Background Art

[0002] The Yellow River Bend is dotted with desert sands such as Kubuqi, Ulanbuhe, Tengger, and Maowusu. It is close to the Yellow River, with high shallow groundwater levels and large saline-alkali land. In the Hetao Irrigation District alone, there are about 3,227 square kilometers of saline-alkali farmland, accounting for 44% of the irrigation area, of which medium and severe saline-alkali land account for 30.6% and 16.3% respectively. Improving saline-alkali land is an important development task and a "potential granary" for increasing grain production. Traditional methods such as spray irrigation to wash salt, underground salt drainage, or soil improvement, land leveling, or chemical improvers and biological materials are costly and ineffective, and are not very suitable in this area. For this reason, it is necessary to design a feasible method for improving medium and severe saline-alkali land in combination with the above-mentioned characteristics of the region. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the problems of high cost and poor effect of the improvement project of moderate to severe saline-alkali land in the Yellow River Ji-shaped bend area, the present invention provides a method for improving the moderate to severe saline-alkali land in the Yellow River Ji-shaped bend area by utilizing the water and sand resources of the Yellow River, combining plum blossom well irrigation and lowering the groundwater level.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is specifically as follows: A low-cost method for improving moderate to severe saline-alkali land in the Yellow River Jiziwan area comprises the following steps: Step 1) Build the main irrigation canal on the saline-alkali land side; Step 2) Build a main drainage ditch on the other side of the saline-alkali land; Step 3) a plurality of field irrigation channels and field drainage ditches are arranged between the main irrigation channel and the main drainage ditch, and the field irrigation channels are connected to the main irrigation channels, and the field drainage ditches are connected to the main drainage ditches; Step 4) construct plum blossom wells around the saline-alkali land, including the second plum blossom well located near the main drainage ditch and the first plum blossom well located near the main irrigation canal. The first plum blossom well and the second plum blossom well serve as drip irrigation water sources and lower the groundwater level; Step 5) Spread sand on the surface of the saline-alkali land and deep plow; Step 6) Divert water from the Yellow River to the saline-alkali land to wash the salt.

[0005] In step 3), the field irrigation channel is arranged perpendicularly to the main irrigation channel, and the field drainage ditch is arranged perpendicularly to the main drainage ditch.

[0006] Interfield irrigation channels and interfield drainage ditches are set at intervals.

[0007] The field irrigation channel is 1m deep, 0.4m wide at the bottom, with an inner slope coefficient of 1 and a longitudinal gradient of 1 / 2000; the field drainage ditch is 1.8m deep, 0.5m wide at the bottom, with an inner slope coefficient of 2 and a longitudinal gradient of 0.0005.

[0008] In step 1), the main irrigation channel has a depth of 1.3 m, a bottom width of 1 m, an inner slope coefficient of 1, and a longitudinal gradient of 1 / 2500.

[0009] In step 2), the main drainage ditch is 2m deep, 1m wide at the bottom, has an inner slope coefficient of 2, and a longitudinal slope of 0.00025.

[0010] The first plum blossom well and the second plum blossom well have the same structure, both including an upper main pipe of the plum blossom well, the upper main pipe of the plum blossom well is connected to at least one lower branch pipe of the plum blossom well, and the lower branch pipe of the plum blossom well is connected to a flower pipe; the top of the upper main pipe of the plum blossom well is connected to a water pump and drip irrigation equipment.

[0011] The depth of the first and second plum blossom wells is 16m. The depth of the upper main pipe of the plum blossom well is 0.5m. There are 16 branch pipes in the lower part of the plum blossom well, and the depth of the bottom flower pipe is 5m.

[0012] In step 5), before planting in spring every year, 15 cm of sand is spread on the surface of the saline-alkali land and 30 cm of deep plowing is carried out.

[0013] In step 6), before planting in spring and after adding sand, and after harvesting in autumn, water from the Yellow River is led to the saline-alkali land through the main irrigation channel and the field irrigation channel twice, the water depth is maintained at 30-50 cm, the fields are soaked for 2-3 days, the salt and alkali are washed and pressed, and the water is drained in time through the main drainage ditch and the field drainage ditch to reduce the salinity of the land; after harvesting in autumn, water from the Yellow River is again led to the saline-alkali land through the main irrigation channel and the field irrigation channel to wash and press the salt and alkali, and the water is drained in time through the main drainage ditch and the field drainage ditch to reduce the salinity of the land.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. In the present invention, the water of the Yellow River is used to wash the salt and alkali and press the salt and alkali, and the water resources in the area are abundant and the cost is low.

[0015] 2. In the present invention, the air permeability and drainage of the surface layer of saline-alkali land are improved by spreading sand and mixing sand, and the sand resources in this area are abundant and the cost is low.

[0016] 3. In the present invention, plum blossom wells are used as the water source for daily drip irrigation, which saves water resources and reduces salinity and alkali recurrence compared with traditional flood irrigation; when the groundwater level exceeds the critical water level, the plum blossom well can be used to lower the groundwater level.

[0017] 4. In the present invention, a variety of restoration methods are combined to accelerate the improvement cycle and prevent the saline-alkali land from recurring. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the saline-alkali land improvement method; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of Plum Blossom Well. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0021] like Figure 1 — Figure 2 As shown, a low-cost method for improving moderate to severe saline-alkali land in the Yellow River Jiziwan area comprises the following steps: Step 1) constructing a main irrigation canal 1 on one side of the saline-alkali land 7; Step 2) constructing a main drainage ditch 5 on the other side of the saline-alkali land 7; Step 3) A plurality of field irrigation channels 3 and field drainage ditches 6 are arranged between the main irrigation channel 1 and the main drainage ditch 5, and the field irrigation channels 3 are connected to the main irrigation channel 1, and the field drainage ditches 6 are connected to the main drainage ditch 5; preferably, the field irrigation channels 3 are arranged perpendicularly to the main irrigation channel 1, and the field drainage ditches 6 are arranged perpendicularly to the main drainage ditch 5.

[0022] Step 4) construct plum blossom wells around the saline-alkali land 7, including a second plum blossom well 4 located near the main drainage ditch 5 and a first plum blossom well 2 located near the main irrigation canal 1, the first plum blossom well 2 and the second plum blossom well 4 serving as a drip irrigation water source and lowering the groundwater level; Step 5) Spread sand on the surface of the saline-alkali land 7 and deep plow; Step 6) Divert the Yellow River water to the saline-alkali land 7 to wash the salt.

[0023] Furthermore, in step 1), the main irrigation channel 1 is 1.3 m deep, 1 m wide at the bottom, has an inner slope coefficient of 1, and a longitudinal gradient of 1 / 2500.

[0024] Furthermore, in step 2), the main drainage ditch 5 is 2m deep, 1m wide at the bottom, has an inner slope coefficient of 2, and a longitudinal slope of 0.00025.

[0025] Furthermore, in step 3), the field irrigation channel 3 and the field drainage ditch 6 are arranged at intervals.

[0026] Furthermore, in step 3), the field irrigation channel is 1m deep, 0.4m wide at the bottom, with an inner slope coefficient of 1 and a longitudinal gradient of 1 / 2000; the field drainage ditch is 1.8m deep, 0.5m wide at the bottom, with an inner slope coefficient of 2 and a longitudinal gradient of 0.0005.

[0027] Furthermore, the first plum blossom well 2 and the second plum blossom well 4 have the same structure, both including a plum blossom well upper main pipe 201 , the plum blossom well upper main pipe 201 is connected to at least one plum blossom well lower branch pipe 202 , and the plum blossom well lower branch pipe 202 is connected to a flower pipe 203 .

[0028] Preferably, the first plum blossom well 2 and the second plum blossom well 4 are 16 meters deep, the upper main pipe 201 of the plum blossom well is 0.5 meters deep, there are 16 lower branch pipes 202 of the plum blossom well, and the bottom flower pipe 203 is 5 meters deep.

[0029] It should be noted that the top of the upper main pipe 201 of the Meihua Well is connected to a water pump and drip irrigation equipment; shallow groundwater is used as a daily drip irrigation water source during the irrigation period, and large-scale flooding is used to save water and reduce the possibility of repeated salinization; when the groundwater level exceeds the critical water level, water is pumped to the main drainage ditch 5 to lower the groundwater level.

[0030] Furthermore, in step 5), before planting in spring each year, 15 cm of sand is spread on the surface of the saline-alkali land and the soil is deep-turned to 30 cm to improve the air permeability and drainage of the surface of the saline-alkali land.

[0031] Further, in step 6), before planting in spring and after sand addition, and after harvesting in autumn each year, water from the Yellow River is led to the saline-alkali land through the main irrigation channel and the field irrigation channel twice, the water depth is maintained at 30-50 cm, the fields are soaked for 2-3 days, the salt and alkali are washed and compressed, and the water is drained in time through the main drainage ditch and the field drainage ditch to reduce the salinity of the land; after harvesting in autumn, water from the Yellow River is again led to the saline-alkali land through the main irrigation channel and the field irrigation channel to wash and compress the salt and alkali, and the water is drained in time through the main drainage ditch and the field drainage ditch to reduce the salinity of the land.

[0032] The present invention utilizes the Yellow River water to wash salt, uses plum blossom wells for drip irrigation, lowers the groundwater level, saves irrigation water, and fully utilizes the regional sand resources, and mixes sand to improve air permeability and drainage, providing a method for improving medium and severe saline-alkali land in the Yellow River Ji-ziwan area with low cost, saving Yellow River water, and obvious effect.

[0033] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several changes and improvements can be made without departing from the overall concept of the present invention, which should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-cost method for improving moderate to severe saline-alkali land in the Yellow River Bend area, characterized by: The steps include: Step 1) constructing a main irrigation canal (1) on one side of the saline-alkali land (7); Step 2) constructing a main drainage ditch (5) on the other side of the saline-alkali land (7); Step 3) a plurality of field irrigation channels (3) and field drainage channels (6) are arranged between the main irrigation channel (1) and the main drainage channel (5), and the field irrigation channels (3) are connected to the main irrigation channel (1), and the field drainage channels (6) are connected to the main drainage channel (5); Step 4) constructing plum blossom wells around the saline-alkali land (7), including a second plum blossom well (4) located near the main drainage ditch (5) and a first plum blossom well (2) located near the main irrigation canal (1), the first plum blossom well (2) and the second plum blossom well (4) serving as drip irrigation water sources and lowering the groundwater level; Step 5) Spread sand on the surface of the saline-alkali land (7) and deep plow; Step 6) Drain the Yellow River water to the saline-alkali land (7) to wash the salt.

2. A low-cost method for improving moderate to severe saline-alkali land in the Yellow River Ji-zi Bend area according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3), the field irrigation channel (3) is arranged vertically with the main irrigation channel (1), and the field drainage ditch (6) is arranged vertically with the main drainage ditch (5).

3. A low-cost method for improving moderate to severe saline-alkali land in the Yellow River Ji-ziwan area according to claim 2, characterized in that: The field irrigation channels (3) and the field drainage ditches (6) are arranged at intervals.

4. A low-cost method for improving moderate to severe saline-alkali land in the Yellow River Ji-zi Bend area according to claim 2, characterized in that: The field irrigation channel (3) has a depth of 1 m, a bottom width of 0.4 m, an inner slope coefficient of 1, and a longitudinal gradient of 1 / 2000; the field drainage ditch (5) has a depth of 1.8 m, a bottom width of 0.5 m, an inner slope coefficient of 2, and a longitudinal gradient of 0.0005.

5. The low-cost method for improving moderate to severe saline-alkali land in the Yellow River Ji-ziwan area according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1), the main irrigation channel (1) has a depth of 1.3 m, a bottom width of 1 m, an inner slope coefficient of 1, and a longitudinal gradient of 1 / 2500.

6. The low-cost method for improving moderate to severe saline-alkali land in the Yellow River Ji-zi Bend area according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2), the main drainage ditch (5) is 2m deep, 1m wide at the bottom, has an inner slope coefficient of 2, and a longitudinal slope of 0.00025.

7. The low-cost method for improving moderate to severe saline-alkali land in the Yellow River Ji-zi Bend area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first plum blossom well (2) and the second plum blossom well (4) have the same structure, both comprising a plum blossom well upper main pipe (201), the plum blossom well upper main pipe (201) being connected to at least one plum blossom well lower branch pipe (202), and the plum blossom well lower branch pipe (202) being connected to a flower pipe (203); the top of the plum blossom well upper main pipe (201) is connected to a water pump and drip irrigation equipment.

8. A low-cost method for improving moderate to severe saline-alkali land in the Yellow River Ji-zi Bend area according to claim 7, characterized in that: The depth of the first plum blossom well (2) and the second plum blossom well (4) is 16 meters. The depth of the upper main pipe (201) of the plum blossom well is 0.5 meters. There are 16 lower branch pipes (202) of the plum blossom well, and the depth of the bottom flower pipe (203) is 5 meters.

9. The low-cost method for improving moderate to severe saline-alkali land in the Yellow River Ji-zi Bend area according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 5), before planting in spring every year, 15 cm of sand is spread on the surface of the saline-alkali land and 30 cm of deep plowing is carried out.

10. The low-cost method for improving moderate to severe saline-alkali land in the Yellow River Ji-zi Bend area according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 6), before planting in spring and after adding sand, and after harvesting in autumn, water from the Yellow River is led to the saline-alkali land through the main irrigation channel and the field irrigation channel twice, the water depth is maintained at 30-50 cm, the fields are soaked for 2-3 days, the salt and alkali are washed and pressed, and the water is drained in time through the main drainage ditch and the field drainage ditch to reduce the salinity of the land; after harvesting in autumn, water from the Yellow River is again led to the saline-alkali land through the main irrigation channel and the field irrigation channel to wash and press the salt and alkali, and the water is drained in time through the main drainage ditch and the field drainage ditch to reduce the salinity of the land.

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