Spray-seeding process for rapid restoration of slope vegetation of power transmission and transformation project

Abstract

The invention relates to a spray-seeding process for quickly repairing vegetation in a slope area of a power transmission and transformation project, which comprises the following steps of: cleaning a slope of the power transmission and transformation project, and removing pumice stones, sundries and a loose soil layer on the slope surface; selecting a seed formula with a certain proportion for planting preparation; a matrix layer material and a seed layer biological matrix material are adopted as soil matrixes; adding a proper amount of organic fertilizer and long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer, and adding a proper amount of growth regulator; a spray-seeding device is adopted to evenly stir spray-seeding materials and then spray the spray-seeding materials to the slope surface, a certain distance and a certain angle are kept between a spray gun and the slope surface, and different spray-seeding modes are adopted for side slopes with different gradients; covering in time after spray-seeding is completed so as to maintain soil humidity and temperature and prevent seeds from being washed by rainwater and exposed to the sun; the spray-seeding technology is easy to operate, short in construction period, low in cost and suitable for large-scale popularization and application to rapid restoration of vegetation in the slope area of the power transmission and transformation project.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, and in particular to a spraying process for rapid restoration of slope vegetation in power transmission and transformation projects. Background Art

[0002] During the construction of power transmission and transformation projects, it is inevitable that certain damage will be caused to the surrounding natural environment. Among them, the formation of slopes is one of the more prominent problems. These slopes not only pose the risk of soil erosion, but also affect the ecological balance and landscape appearance.

[0003] Traditional methods of vegetation restoration in slope areas of power transmission and transformation projects often have problems such as long construction period, low vegetation survival rate, and unsatisfactory restoration effect. For example, the simple method of sowing grass seeds is easily affected by natural factors such as rain erosion and wind, making it difficult for seeds to take root and grow; and some conventional spraying technologies may not be scientific and reasonable in formulation and process, and cannot meet the special geographical environment and soil conditions of the slopes of power transmission and transformation projects. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an efficient, fast and adaptable spraying technology for slope vegetation restoration to solve the problem of slope vegetation restoration in power transmission and transformation projects. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a spraying process for rapid restoration of vegetation on the slopes of power transmission and transformation projects, so as to achieve rapid growth of slope vegetation and stable ecological restoration, effectively prevent soil erosion caused by the construction of power transmission and transformation projects, improve vegetation survival rate and ecological restoration effect, and adapt to the special environmental conditions of the slope areas of power transmission and transformation projects.

[0005] The present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A spraying process for rapid restoration of vegetation on slopes of power transmission and transformation projects, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step S1: Clean the slope of the power transmission and transformation project, remove floating stones, debris and loose soil on the slope, ensure that the slope is flat and stable, and set drainage holes and drainage ditches;

[0008] Step S2: Selecting a seed formula with a certain ratio for planting preparation;

[0009] Step S3: using the matrix layer material and the seed layer biological matrix material as the soil matrix;

[0010] Step S4: adding an appropriate amount of organic fertilizer and long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer, and adding an appropriate amount of growth regulator;

[0011] Step S5: using a spraying device to evenly stir the spraying material and then spray it onto the slope surface, with the spray gun maintaining a certain distance and angle with the slope surface, and using different spraying methods for slopes with different slopes;

[0012] Step S6: Cover the soil in time after the spraying is completed to maintain soil moisture and temperature and prevent the seeds from being washed away by rain and exposed to the sun.

[0013] Furthermore, the spacing between the drainage holes is reasonably set according to the slope gradient and area, and the drainage ditch is set along the bottom of the slope.

[0014] Furthermore, grass seeds, shrub species and tree species suitable for local growth are selected for mixing, and the proportion of various seeds in the seed formula is reasonably adjusted according to the slope location and functional requirements.

[0015] Furthermore, the matrix layer material is composed of poor red soil, peat soil, vermiculite, water retaining agent, compound fertilizer, and 6% of plant fiber is added.

[0016] Furthermore, the seed layer biological matrix material is composed of slope soil, organic matter, binder, soil water retaining agent, water-soluble fertilizer, and plant seeds; the mixing ratio of soil and organic matter is V 土壤 :V 有机质 =3:1, the amount of binder added is 1kg·m -3 , the amount of water retaining agent added is 1.5kg·m -3 .

[0017] Furthermore, the plant fiber can be selected from coconut shell fiber, waste mushroom husk, rice straw fiber or corn fiber.

[0018] Furthermore, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer is 1:0.5:1.5, and the fertilizer dosage is 30 grams per square meter.

[0019] Furthermore, the water retaining agent is a high molecular polymer, and the growth regulator is gibberellin or rooting powder.

[0020] Furthermore, conventional plane spraying is used in areas with gentle slopes, and layered spraying is used in areas with steeper slopes, first spraying the bottom matrix layer material and fertilizer, and then spraying the seed layer biological matrix material.

[0021] Furthermore, a transformer oil collection system is arranged on the slope of the power transmission and transformation project, the collection system comprises a collection pipe and an overflow port, and the collection pipe is arranged at a certain inclination so that the transformer oil can be smoothly collected through the overflow port when leakage occurs.

[0022] The present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0023] Through scientific and reasonable seed formula and soil matrix configuration, the adaptability and survival rate of vegetation are improved, and a stable vegetation community can be formed quickly, effectively preventing soil erosion; the perfect drainage system and spraying technology ensure the uniform distribution and good adhesion of the spraying material on the slope, reduce the impact of rainwater erosion on vegetation, and improve the restoration effect.

[0024] The implementation of maintenance and management measures provides good conditions for the growth of vegetation, promotes the healthy growth of vegetation, and reduces the incidence of diseases and insect pests; the spraying process technology of the present invention is simple to operate, has a short construction period, and low cost, and is suitable for large-scale promotion and application in the rapid repair of vegetation in the slope area of ​​power transmission and transformation projects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a slope drainage ditch and drainage holes of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a slope spraying matrix layer of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of oil collection of a slope transformer according to the present invention;

[0028] The reference numerals in the figure are:

[0029] 1. Drainage ditch;

[0030] 2. Drainage holes;

[0031] 3. Spraying equipment;

[0032] 4. Matrix layer material;

[0033] 5. Seed layer biological matrix material;

[0034] 6. Transformer;

[0035] 7. Collection pipeline;

[0036] 8. Overflow port;

[0037] 9. Collection container. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] The invention provides a spraying process for rapid restoration of vegetation on the slope of a power transmission and transformation project, comprising the following steps:

[0040] (1) Slope treatment

[0041] First, the slope area of ​​the power transmission and transformation project is cleaned to remove floating stones, debris and loose soil on the slope to ensure that the slope is flat and stable. For steeper slopes (generally 40° and above), high-strength galvanized machine-woven mesh needs to be anchored on the slope to reinforce and prevent soil and rocks from falling off.

[0042] Then, a drainage system, such as drainage holes 2 and drainage ditches 1, is set up on the slope to drain rainwater and prevent water accumulation from adversely affecting vegetation growth. The spacing of drainage holes 2 is reasonably set according to the slope and area of ​​the slope, generally 2 meters. Drainage ditches 1 are set along the bottom of the slope, and their width and depth are determined according to the drainage volume, usually 50 cm wide and 60 cm deep.

[0043] In view of the particularity of slope repair in power transmission and transformation projects, it is necessary to consider the potential problems such as the change of soil pore structure caused by transformer 6 oil leakage, the significant reduction of soil air permeability and water permeability; the change of soil pH; the chemical reaction of transformer oil with nutrients in the soil; and the toxicity of transformer oil to plants. It is necessary to set up a transformer oil collection system near transformer 6, including a collection pipe 7, an overflow port 8, etc., and set a certain inclination so that the transformer oil can be smoothly collected in the collection container 9 through the overflow port 8 when it leaks. The collection pipe 7 is generally a 15 cm diameter PVC pipe, arranged along the outer ring of the transformer.

[0044] (2) Preparation of spraying materials

[0045] Seed formula: Choose grass seeds, shrub species and tree species suitable for local growth and mix them. Grass seeds include tall fescue, ryegrass, bluegrass, bermudagrass, broadleaf paspalum, bahia grass, gesanghua, etc. Shrub species include pigeon pea, amorpha, locust, spur, etc. Tree species include leucaena, camphor, purple-leaf plum, magnolia, etc. According to the different positions and functional requirements of the slope, the proportion of various seeds should be reasonably adjusted. For example, in the lower part of the slope close to the road or residential area, the proportion of grass seeds and shrub species with strong ornamental value can be appropriately increased; in the steeper area on the upper part of the slope, the proportion of tree species with well-developed root systems and strong soil-fixing ability should be increased. Seeds need to be pre-treated, such as disinfection and seed soaking, to increase the germination rate.

[0046] Soil matrix: divided into matrix layer material 4 and seed layer biological matrix material 5. Matrix layer material composition: planting soil (poor red soil) 30kg; peat soil 1500g; vermiculite 500g; water retaining agent 20g; compound fertilizer 250g; add 6% plant fiber (coconut shell fiber, waste mushroom husk, rice straw fiber or corn fiber can be selected). Seed layer biological matrix material composition: slope soil, organic matter (organic fertilizer), binder, soil water retaining agent, water-soluble fertilizer, plant seeds. The mixing ratio of soil and organic matter is V (soil): V (organic matter) = 3:1, and the amount of binder added is 1kg·m -3 , the amount of water retaining agent added is 1.5kg·m -3 , the dosage of long-acting slow-release fertilizer is 30g·m -3 The water retaining agent is made of high molecular polymer, which can absorb water several times its own weight and provide moisture for plants during drought. The adhesive can enhance the adhesion of the soil matrix and prevent the material from falling off during the spraying process.

[0047] Fertilizer: Add appropriate amount of organic fertilizer and long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer is 1:0.5:1.5. The dosage of long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer is determined according to soil fertility and vegetation growth requirements, generally 30 grams per square meter.

[0048] Additives: You can also add an appropriate amount of growth regulators, such as gibberellins, rooting powder, etc., to promote plant growth and root development. The amount of growth regulator is determined according to the product instructions and actual tests, generally 10 mg per kilogram of spraying material.

[0049] (3) Spraying operation

[0050] Use a dedicated spraying device 3 to mix the prepared spraying material evenly and then spray it onto the slope surface through a spray gun. During spraying, the distance between the spray gun and the slope surface is kept at about 1 meter, and the spraying angle is 60 degrees to ensure that the material can evenly cover the slope surface. The spraying thickness is determined according to the vegetation type and the slope gradient, and is generally 8 cm.

[0051] Different spraying methods are used for slopes of different slopes. In areas with gentle slopes (less than 45 degrees), conventional plane spraying can be used; in areas with steeper slopes (greater than or equal to 45 degrees), layered spraying is used, first spraying the bottom matrix material and fertilizer, and then spraying the seed layer biological matrix material to improve the adhesion and survival rate of the seeds.

[0052] (4) Maintenance and management

[0053] After spraying, cover the seeds with plant fibers (coconut shell fibers, waste fungus husks, rice straw fibers or corn fibers), non-woven fabrics or sunshade nets in time to maintain soil moisture and temperature and prevent the seeds from being washed away by rain and exposed to the sun. The covering time of non-woven fabrics or sunshade nets is determined according to weather conditions and vegetation growth, generally 7 days.

[0054] Based on the actual situation of the slope area of ​​the power transmission and transformation project, soil water retaining agent can effectively retain soil moisture. In the early stage of vegetation growth, no additional watering is required.

[0055] If transformer oil leakage occurs, clean the transformer oil collection device in time and empty the residual transformer oil in the collection tube.

[0056] Embodiment 1

[0057] Project 1 of a power transmission and transformation project slope vegetation restoration project, project overview: The slope of the power transmission and transformation project is located in a mountainous area with a slope of 46 degrees and a slope area of ​​300 square meters. The slope soil is red soil with low fertility and poor water retention capacity.

[0058] (I) Slope treatment

[0059] The slope is cleaned manually to remove pumice and debris, and is leveled with small machinery to keep the slope flatness error within ±6 cm.

[0060] Drainage holes are set up on the slope at intervals of 2 meters, with a diameter of 15 cm and a depth of 80 cm. A drainage ditch with a width of 50 cm and a depth of 60 cm is built at the bottom of the slope.

[0061] This slope is close to facilities such as transformers, so a transformer oil collection system is set up. The collection pipe is generally a 15 cm diameter PVC pipe, arranged along the outer ring of the transformer, and set at a certain inclination so that when the transformer oil leaks, it can be collected smoothly through the overflow port.

[0062] (II) Preparation of spraying materials

[0063] Seed formula: 2.0g / ㎡ of Bermuda grass seeds, 4.5g / ㎡ of broadleaf paspalum, 1.0g / ㎡ of bahia grass, 0.5g / ㎡ of gesanghua. After the seeds are disinfected, soak them in clean water for 15 hours.

[0064] Soil matrix: The matrix layer material composition: planting soil (poor red soil) 30kg; peat soil 1500g; vermiculite 500g; water retaining agent 20g; compound fertilizer 250g; add 6% plant fiber (coconut shell fiber, waste mushroom husk, rice straw fiber or corn fiber can be selected). The seed layer biological matrix material composition: slope soil, organic matter (organic fertilizer), binder, soil water retaining agent, water-soluble fertilizer, plant seeds. The mixing ratio of soil and organic matter is V (loam): V (organic matter) = 3:1, and the amount of binder added is 1kg·m -3 , the amount of water retaining agent added is 1.5kg·m -3 , the dosage of long-acting slow-release fertilizer is 30g·m -3 .

[0065] Fertilizer: Add an appropriate amount of long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer is 1:0.5:1.5. The amount of long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer is determined according to soil fertility and vegetation growth requirements, generally 30 grams per square meter.

[0066] Additives: Add 6 mg of gibberellin and 8 mg of rooting powder to every kilogram of spraying material.

[0067] (III) Spraying operation

[0068] After the spraying material is stirred evenly, spray it under the condition of 0.8 MPa of spray gun pressure. The distance between the spray gun and the slope is kept at 1 meter, the spray angle is 60 degrees, and the spraying thickness is about 8 cm. First spray the bottom matrix material and fertilizer with a thickness of 4 cm, and then spray the seed layer biological matrix material with a thickness of 4 cm after it stabilizes.

[0069] (IV) Maintenance and management

[0070] Immediately cover the non-woven fabric after spraying, and the covering time is 7 days. If transformer oil leakage occurs, clean the transformer oil collection device in time and empty the residual transformer oil in the collection tube.

[0071] Embodiment 2

[0072] Project II of slope vegetation restoration for a power transmission and transformation project: The slope is located in a mountainous area with a slope of 58 degrees and a slope area of ​​420 square meters. The soil is red soil with high bulk density and poor air permeability.

[0073] (I) Slope treatment

[0074] Use an excavator to clean and level the slope, remove loose soil, and make the slope reach the slope and flatness required by the design.

[0075] Drainage holes are set up on the slope with a spacing of 2 meters, a diameter of 15 cm and a depth of 80 cm. At the same time, a horizontal drainage ditch is built on the slope every 20 meters, with a width of 50 cm and a depth of 60 cm.

[0076] (II) Preparation of spraying materials

[0077] Seed formula: 2.0g / ㎡ of Bermuda grass seeds, 4.5g / ㎡ of broadleaf paspalum, 1.0g / ㎡ of bahia grass, 0.5g / ㎡ of gesanghua. After the seeds are disinfected, soak them in clean water for 15 hours.

[0078] Soil matrix: The matrix layer consists of 30 kg of planting soil (poor red soil); 1500 g of peat soil; 500 g of vermiculite; 20 g of water retaining agent; 250 g of compound fertilizer; 6% of plant fiber (coconut shell fiber, waste fungus husk, rice straw fiber or corn fiber can be selected). The seed layer biological matrix consists of slope soil, organic matter (organic fertilizer), binder, soil water retaining agent, water-soluble fertilizer, and plant seeds. The mixing ratio of loam and organic matter is V (loam): V (organic matter) = 3:1, the amount of binder added is 1 kg·m-3, the amount of water retaining agent added is 1.5 kg·m-3, and the amount of long-acting slow-release fertilizer used is 30 g·m-3.

[0079] Fertilizer: Apply 120 grams of organic fertilizer and 30 grams of long-release slow-release compound fertilizer per square meter. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the long-release slow-release compound fertilizer is 1:0.5:1.5.

[0080] Additives: Add 5 mg of gibberellin and 6 mg of rooting powder to every kilogram of spraying material.

[0081] (III) Spraying operation

[0082] Special spraying equipment is used for spraying, the spray gun pressure is adjusted to 0.8 MPa, the distance between the spray gun and the slope is 1 meter, the spray angle is 60 degrees, and the spraying thickness is 8 cm. First spray the bottom matrix material and fertilizer with a thickness of 4 cm, and then spray the seed layer biological matrix material with a thickness of 4 cm after it stabilizes.

[0083] (IV) Maintenance and management

[0084] After spraying, cover the sunshade net. Remove the sunshade net in time according to weather conditions and vegetation growth conditions. The covering time is 7 days. If transformer oil leaks, clean the transformer oil collection device in time and empty the transformer oil remaining in the collection pipe.

[0085] It can be seen from the above embodiments that the spraying technology for rapid restoration of slope vegetation in power transmission and transformation projects of the present invention can achieve good restoration effects in different geographical environments and slope conditions, and has wide applicability and feasibility.

[0086] The above-mentioned embodiments only express the specific implementation of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A spraying process for rapid restoration of vegetation on slopes of power transmission and transformation projects, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1: Clean the slope of the power transmission and transformation project, remove floating stones, debris and loose soil on the slope, ensure that the slope is flat and stable, and set drainage holes and drainage ditches; Step S2: Selecting a seed formula with a certain ratio for planting preparation; Step S3: using the matrix layer material and the seed layer biological matrix material as the soil matrix; Step S4: adding an appropriate amount of organic fertilizer and long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer, and adding an appropriate amount of growth regulator; Step S5: using a spraying device to evenly stir the spraying material and then spray it onto the slope surface, with the spray gun maintaining a certain distance and angle with the slope surface, and using different spraying methods for slopes with different slopes; Step S6: Cover the soil in time after the spraying is completed to maintain soil moisture and temperature and prevent the seeds from being washed away by rain and exposed to the sun.

2. The spraying process for rapid restoration of vegetation on slopes of power transmission and transformation projects according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The spacing between the drainage holes is reasonably set according to the slope gradient and area, and the drainage ditch is set along the bottom of the slope.

3. The spraying process for rapid restoration of vegetation on slopes of power transmission and transformation projects according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Grass seeds, shrub species and tree species suitable for local growth are selected for mixing, and the proportion of various seeds in the seed formula is reasonably adjusted according to the slope location and functional requirements.

4. The spraying process for rapid restoration of slope vegetation in power transmission and transformation projects according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The matrix layer material is composed of poor red soil, peat soil, vermiculite, water retaining agent, compound fertilizer, and 6% plant fiber is added.

5. The spraying process for rapid restoration of vegetation on slopes of power transmission and transformation projects according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The biological matrix material of the seed layer is composed of slope soil, organic matter, binder, soil water retaining agent, water-soluble fertilizer, and plant seeds; the mixing ratio of soil and organic matter is V 土壤 :V 有机质 =3:1, the amount of binder added is 1kg·m -3 , the amount of water retaining agent added is 1.5kg·m -3 .

6. The spraying process for rapid restoration of vegetation on slopes of power transmission and transformation projects according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The plant fiber can be selected from coconut shell fiber, waste mushroom husk, rice straw fiber or corn fiber.

7. The spraying process for rapid restoration of vegetation on slopes of power transmission and transformation projects according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer is 1:0.5:1.5, and the fertilizer dosage is 30 grams per square meter.

8. The spraying process for rapid restoration of slope vegetation in power transmission and transformation projects according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The water retaining agent is a high molecular polymer, and the growth regulator is gibberellin or rooting powder.

9. The spraying process for rapid restoration of vegetation on slopes of power transmission and transformation projects according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Conventional flat spraying is used in areas with gentle slopes, and layered spraying is used in areas with steeper slopes. The bottom layer substrate material and fertilizer are sprayed first, and then the seed layer biological substrate material is sprayed.

10. The spraying process for rapid restoration of vegetation on slopes of power transmission and transformation projects according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A transformer oil collection system is arranged on the slope of the power transmission and transformation project. The collection system comprises a collection pipe and an overflow port. The collection pipe is arranged at a certain inclination so that the transformer oil can be smoothly collected through the overflow port when it leaks.

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