Additive containing amino acid complexing potassium and magnesium as well as preparation method and application of additive

Abstract

The invention provides an additive containing amino acid complexed potassium and magnesium as well as a preparation method and application of the additive, and relates to the technical field of feed additives. The additive containing amino acid complexed potassium magnesium is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45-55 parts of amino acid complexed potassium magnesium, 15-25 parts of sorbitol, 5-15 parts of sodium citrate, 2-4 parts of guanidinoacetic acid, 2-4 parts of dihydropyridine and 10-20 parts of glucose, wherein the amino acid complexed potassium magnesium is prepared from amino acid, potassium hydroxide and magnesium chloride. The prepared additive containing amino acid complexed potassium and magnesium can improve the anti-stress capability of chickens, can reduce the feed conversion ratio and the death rate when being used in chicken feed, reduces the damage to the chickens caused by stress reaction, and also can reduce the expression of inflammatory factors and improve the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, thereby improving the immunity of the organism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of feed additives, in particular to an additive containing amino acid complexed potassium and magnesium, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Stress is a non-specific defense of the animal body against various strong external or internal stimuli. Among them, the stress response of chickens includes temperature stress, humidity stress, light stress caused by adverse stimuli from the external environment, and strong stimulation caused by stimulation from feeding management. In actual production, high temperature, forced molting, feed change, transportation, epidemic prevention, fright, etc. are the main stressors that cause stress responses in chickens. These stressors have a serious impact on the health and production performance (weight gain and meat quality) of chickens, and are usually accompanied by some physiological and behavioral changes. For example, various production indicators such as feed intake show a rapid downward trend, blood biochemical indicators and intestinal microorganisms change, and severe cases may even lead to death.

[0003] In order to alleviate the stress of the above stressors on chickens, measures to reasonably improve the nutritional composition of feed are often adopted, such as adding green feed attractants to the feed to improve the taste and flavor of the feed to stimulate chickens to eat, and using amino acids to replace high-protein feed such as corn to reduce the impact of heat stimulation on the body. At the same time, drugs are also used to prevent the stress response of chickens, by adding vitamin C and vitamin E to the feed to increase feed intake, supplementing vitamin A to improve the body's antioxidant activity, and supplementing some Chinese herbal medicine agents, such as licorice and astragalus, to improve the body's immune function.

[0004] In the prior art, CN107712315A discloses a feed additive containing a composite amino acid complex, a preparation method and an application thereof, wherein the feed additive is composed of a composite amino acid solution and a trace element mixed salt solution, wherein the composite amino acid solution includes lysine, arginine and tryptophan, and the trace element mixed salt includes copper salt, zinc salt and ferrous salt. The feed additive is used to prepare feed, which can relieve weaning stress in pigs and improve the skin color and hair condition of suckling pigs. CN117281201A discloses a feed additive for relieving heat stress problems in livestock and poultry and a preparation method thereof, wherein the feed additive includes tea polyphenols, sour plum powder, betaine, γ-aminobutyric acid, vitamins, amino acids and glucose. By using γ-aminobutyric acid and sour plum powder, the appetizing property is increased, thereby increasing the food intake.

[0005] The journal "Research Progress on the Effects of Heat Stress on Chicken Production Performance, Serum Biochemistry and Intestinal Microorganisms" (Sun Pengfei et al., Chinese Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(2); 581-590) mentioned that heat stress can also reduce the chicken's defense mechanism and immune function, increase the expression of inflammatory factors, and cause the body's antioxidant index to increase. However, the additives prepared by the above patent only increase the amount of food intake to ensure sufficient nutritional intake of the animal body, thereby reducing the problem of decreased growth performance caused by stress, and cannot reduce the expression of inflammatory factors, thereby enhancing the chicken's immune ability.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a functional additive that can not only increase feed intake and improve feed-to-meat ratio, but also enhance the immune capacity of chickens, thereby reducing the impact of stress on the health and production performance of chickens. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an additive containing amino acid complex potassium magnesium and its preparation method and application. The additive containing amino acid complex potassium magnesium prepared by the present invention is composed of amino acid complex potassium magnesium, guanidinoacetic acid, dihydropyridine, sorbitol, sodium citrate and glucose, and the amino acid complex potassium magnesium is prepared from amino acids, potassium hydroxide and magnesium chloride. It can improve the ability of chickens to resist stress, increase the daily feed intake of chickens, reduce the feed-to-meat ratio, reduce the damage caused to chickens by stress reactions, and at the same time, it can also reduce the expression of inflammatory factors and increase the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, thereby improving the body's immunity.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] The first aspect of the present invention provides an additive containing amino acid complexed potassium and magnesium, wherein the additive is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0010] 45-55 parts of amino acid complex potassium magnesium, 15-25 parts of sorbitol, 5-15 parts of sodium citrate, 2-4 parts of guanidinoacetic acid, 2-4 parts of dihydropyridine, 10-20 parts of glucose;

[0011] Preferably, the amino acid complexed potassium magnesium is prepared by the following method:

[0012] Potassium hydroxide and magnesium chloride are mixed to obtain a mixture; the mixture is added to an amino acid solution, and after the reaction is completed, the solution is filtered and dried to obtain amino acid complex potassium magnesium.

[0013] Preferably, the molar ratio of potassium hydroxide to magnesium chloride is 1:(1-10).

[0014] Preferably, the ratio of the amount of amino acid to water added in the amino acid solution is (0.5-1.5) mol:250 g.

[0015] Preferably, the molar ratio of the mixture to the amino acid is 1:(0.8-1.2).

[0016] Preferably, the amino acid is one or more of taurine, glycine, lysine, methionine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid or threonine.

[0017] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing an additive containing amino acid complexed potassium and magnesium, comprising the following steps:

[0018] The amino acid complex potassium magnesium, sorbitol, sodium citrate, guanidinoacetic acid, dihydropyridine and glucose are uniformly mixed to obtain an additive containing the amino acid complex potassium magnesium.

[0019] The third aspect of the present invention provides an application of an additive containing amino acid complex potassium magnesium in the preparation of a product for improving the anti-stress ability of livestock and poultry.

[0020] Preferably, the stress is heat stress and / or stress caused by forced molting.

[0021] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0022] The invention adopts amino acid complex potassium magnesium, guanidinoacetic acid, dihydropyridine, sorbitol, sodium citrate and glucose as raw materials to prepare an additive containing amino acid complex potassium magnesium. The amino acid complex potassium magnesium is obtained by complexation reaction between amino acids and trace elements, and the amino acid complex potassium magnesium can provide trace elements and amino acids at the same time. The amino acids and trace elements can alleviate the stress response of chickens. The amino acid complex potassium magnesium, guanidinoacetic acid and dihydropyridine adopted by the invention have a synergistic effect in improving the stress response of chickens, reducing the mortality rate of chickens caused by stress, reducing the feed-to-meat ratio and improving immunity.

[0023] The additive containing amino acid complexed potassium and magnesium prepared by the present invention can improve the anti-stress ability of chickens. When used in chicken feed, it can increase the daily feed intake of chickens, reduce the feed-to-meat ratio, and reduce the damage caused to chickens by stress reactions. At the same time, it can also reduce the expression of inflammatory factors and increase the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, thereby improving the body's immunity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and are intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs.

[0025] In order to enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical precautions of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0026] The experimental materials used in the embodiments of the present invention are all conventional experimental materials in the art and can be purchased through commercial channels.

[0027] Example 1: Additives containing amino acid complexed potassium and magnesium

[0028] 1. Raw material composition:

[0029] 50 parts of amino acid complex potassium magnesium, 20 parts of sorbitol, 10 parts of sodium citrate, 2.5 parts of guanidinoacetic acid, 2.5 parts of dihydropyridine, and 15 parts of glucose.

[0030] 2. Preparation method:

[0031] Taurine and water are mixed at a ratio of 1 mol:250 g to obtain a taurine solution, potassium hydroxide and magnesium chloride are mixed at a molar ratio of 1:1 to obtain a mixture, and the mixture is added to the taurine solution for reaction, wherein the molar ratio of the mixture to the amino acid is 1:1, and the reaction is carried out until the system is clear, and the reaction product is filtered and dried to obtain amino acid complex potassium magnesium;

[0032] The amino acid complex potassium magnesium, sorbitol, sodium citrate, guanidinoacetic acid, dihydropyridine and glucose are uniformly mixed to obtain an additive containing the amino acid complex potassium magnesium.

[0033] Example 2: Additives containing amino acid complexed potassium and magnesium

[0034] 1. Raw material composition:

[0035] 45 parts of amino acid complex potassium magnesium, 15 parts of sorbitol, 5 parts of sodium citrate, 2 parts of guanidinoacetic acid, 2 parts of dihydropyridine, and 20 parts of glucose.

[0036] 2. Preparation method:

[0037] Taurine and water are mixed at a ratio of 0.5 mol:250 g to obtain a taurine solution; potassium hydroxide and magnesium chloride are mixed at a ratio of 1:5 to obtain a mixture, and the mixture is added to the taurine solution for reaction, wherein the molar ratio of the mixture to taurine is 1:0.8, and the reaction is continued until the system is clear, and the reaction product is filtered and dried to obtain amino acid complex potassium magnesium;

[0038] The amino acid complex potassium magnesium, sorbitol, sodium citrate, guanidinoacetic acid, dihydropyridine and glucose are uniformly mixed to obtain an additive containing the amino acid complex potassium magnesium.

[0039] Example 3: Additives containing amino acid complexed potassium and magnesium

[0040] 1. Raw material composition:

[0041] 55 parts of amino acid complex potassium magnesium, 25 parts of sorbitol, 15 parts of sodium citrate, 4 parts of guanidinoacetic acid, 4 parts of dihydropyridine, and 10 parts of glucose.

[0042] 2. Preparation method:

[0043] Taurine and water are mixed at a ratio of 1.5 mol:250 g to obtain a taurine solution; potassium hydroxide and magnesium chloride are mixed at a ratio of 1:10 to obtain a mixture, and the mixture is added to the taurine solution for reaction, wherein the molar ratio of the mixture to taurine is 1:1.2, and the reaction is continued until the system is clear, and the reaction product is filtered and dried to obtain amino acid complex potassium magnesium;

[0044] The amino acid complex potassium magnesium, sorbitol, sodium citrate, guanidinoacetic acid, dihydropyridine and glucose are uniformly mixed to obtain an additive containing the amino acid complex potassium magnesium.

[0045] Comparative Example 1:

[0046] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the additive does not contain guanidinoacetic acid and dihydropyridine.

[0047] Comparative Example 2:

[0048] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the additive does not contain amino acid complexed potassium magnesium.

[0049] Test Example 1:

[0050] The effects of different additives on the growth of heat-stressed AA broilers were tested, where the growth mainly included mortality, average weight gain, average feed intake and feed-to-meat ratio. The specific test steps are as follows:

[0051] One-day-old AA broilers were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups, with 300 chickens in each group. The chickens in each group were weighed and the average weight was calculated as the starting weight. All groups were caged to ensure that the basic diet and drinking water fed to each group were the same during the cage period. Each group had free access to food and water. The basic diet of each group was prepared according to the "Professional Standard of the People's Republic of China (ZBB43005-86) Chicken Feeding Standard-Nutrient Requirements for Broilers". At the same time, the routine feeding and immunization of each treatment group were consistent. The feeding time of each group was from June 1 to July 13, and the feeding environment temperature was maintained at 34°C to keep the AA broilers in a state of heat stress.

[0052] The settings for each treatment group are as follows:

[0053] Treatment group 1: The amino acid complex potassium magnesium additive prepared in Example 1 and water were mixed at a ratio of 500 g: 1000 kg and used as drinking water;

[0054] Treatment group 2: The additive prepared in comparative example 1 and water were mixed at a ratio of 500 g: 1000 kg and used as drinking water;

[0055] Treatment group 3: The additive prepared in comparative example 2 and water were mixed at a ratio of 500 g: 1000 kg and used as drinking water;

[0056] Treatment group 4: The commercially available additive and water were mixed at a mass ratio of 1:1000 and used as drinking water. The additive was purchased from Ningbo Korute Animal Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and the product name was Shikenai.

[0057] Treatment group 5: blank control group, no additives were added to the drinking water.

[0058] After the feeding was completed, the weight of each group of chickens was weighed and the average was taken as the market weight, and the average weight gain was calculated. At the same time, the weight of the remaining feed was weighed to calculate the average feed intake and feed-to-meat ratio. During the feeding period, the number of deaths of chickens in each group was recorded, and the mortality rate was calculated, as shown in Table 1.

[0059] Among them, average weight gain = slaughter weight - starting weight;

[0060] Feed-to-meat ratio = [average feed intake / average weight gain] × 100%.

[0061] Table 1

[0062]

[0063]

[0064] As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the blank control group (treatment group 5) and the commercially available additive (treatment group 4), the additive containing amino acid complex potassium magnesium prepared by the present invention can significantly reduce the mortality rate, increase the average weight gain, and reduce the feed-to-meat ratio. Compared with treatment groups 2 and 3, the present invention uses amino acid complex potassium magnesium, guanidinoacetic acid, dihydropyridine and the like as a composite additive, which can significantly reduce the mortality rate and feed-to-meat ratio. It can be seen that amino acid complex potassium magnesium, guanidinoacetic acid, and dihydropyridine have a synergistic effect in reducing the mortality rate and feed-to-meat ratio.

[0065] Test Example 2:

[0066] The experiment was conducted according to the method in the reference paper "Comparative study on the protective effects of porcine bile acid and sheep bile acid on heat stress in chickens" (Li Ning, Shandong Agricultural University, June 6, 2023).

[0067] One-day-old AA broiler chickens were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups, with 20 chickens in each group. The specific experimental steps were as follows:

[0068] (1) One-day-old AA broilers were first subjected to adaptive feeding for 20 days. During the adaptive feeding stage, they were given an equal amount of basal diet and drinking water every day, and the ambient temperature was 24°C ± 1°C;

[0069] (2) Starting from the 21st day of feeding, the broiler chickens in each group were subjected to heat stress for 8 hours from 10:00 to 18:00 every day, with an ambient temperature of 37±2°C and a humidity of 55% to 60%; from 18:00 to 10:00 on the second day, the ambient temperature was 24±2°C and the humidity was 55% to 60%, so as to establish a chronic heat stress model; at the same time, starting from the 21st day of feeding, one group of broiler chickens in each group was used as a blank control group and was fed a basic diet and drinking water every day, and the additives prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were added to the drinking water of the other three groups of broiler chickens, respectively, with the mass ratio of the additive to the drinking water being 1:20. Each group was given an equal amount of basic diet and drinking water every day, and the feeding management and immune management of the broiler chickens in each group were ensured to be consistent;

[0070] When the rats were reared for 30 days, 100 mg of liver tissue was dissected and ground into a homogenizer tube containing 1 mL of phosphate buffer. 1.5 mL of the grinding solution was aspirated and placed in a centrifuge tube. The tube was centrifuged at 4°C and 2500 r / min for 20 min. 1.5 mL of the supernatant after centrifugation was aspirated and the levels of inflammatory factors IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10 in the liver were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0071] Table 2

[0072]

[0073]

[0074] As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the control group, the addition of the amino acid complex potassium magnesium additive prepared by the present invention to the drinking water of broilers with heat stress can significantly reduce the content of IL-6 and TNF-α, while increasing the content of IL-10. It can be seen that the amino acid complex potassium magnesium additive prepared by the present invention can reduce the expression of the two inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6, increase the expression of IL-10 anti-inflammatory cytokines, thereby improving the immune capacity of broilers. The present invention uses amino acid complex potassium magnesium, guanidinoacetic acid, dihydropyridine and the like as additives, which can significantly reduce the content of IL-6 and TNF-α, while increasing the content of IL-10. It can be seen that amino acid complex potassium magnesium, guanidinoacetic acid, and dihydropyridine have a synergistic effect in improving the immune capacity of chickens.

[0075] Test Example 3:

[0076] The additive prepared in Example 1 is used for forced molting of laying hens, and the specific operation is as follows:

[0077] A group of laying hens from a farm in Dan County, Heze were selected and randomly divided into two groups, namely, an experimental group and a blank control group. During the experiment, the experimental group was fed with the additive prepared in Example 1, while the blank group was not fed with the additive prepared in Example 1. Other feeding and daily management were consistent with the experimental group.

[0078] The laying hens in each group were fed for three days before forced molting; wherein, the laying hens were fed with laying hen feed for the first three days, and saccharide terpenes were added to the laying hen feed, and Xin Gan Jing and the additive prepared in Example 1 were added to the drinking water, wherein the amount of saccharide terpenes added was 300 g / ton of feed, the amount of Xin Gan Jing added was 500 g / 1000L of water, and the amount of the additive prepared in Example 1 added was 1 kg / 1000L of water. After the feeding was completed, the forced molting period began.

[0079] The forced molting period is divided into a weaning period and a molting period. During the weaning period, feeding is stopped, and drinking water is normal for a total of 14 days. The additive prepared in Example 1 is added to the water on the 3rd, 4th, 5th, 12th, 13th, and 14th days of the weaning period, and the additive is added in an amount of 1kg / 1000L water; the molting period is fed as usual for a total of 3 days. The feed fed during the molting period is a mixture of saccharide terpenoids and growing feed at a ratio of 300g:1000kg, and each chicken is fed 50g of growing feed per day. The number of deaths of chickens during the test period was recorded, and the results of the test group are shown in Table 3.

[0080] Among them, laying hen feed and growing feed were purchased from Shandong Asia Pacific Zhonghui Group, and Xin Gan Jing and saccharide terpenes were purchased from Shandong Xingu Health Industry Co., Ltd.

[0081] Table 3

[0082]

[0083]

[0084] Forced molting is a strong stimulus for laying hens, and often leads to the culling of a large number of laying hens due to forced molting. The additive prepared by the present invention was added to the drinking water of laying hens three days before weaning, during the weaning period and during the molting period, and the mortality rate was only 0.16%, while the mortality rate of the control group during the same period was 2.5%. It can be seen that the additive prepared by the present invention can effectively alleviate the strong stress caused by forced molting of chickens, thereby reducing the mortality rate during forced molting.

[0085] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An additive containing amino acid complexed potassium and magnesium, characterized in that: The additive is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45-55 parts of amino acid complex potassium magnesium, 15-25 parts of sorbitol, 5-15 parts of sodium citrate, 2-4 parts of guanidinoacetic acid, 2-4 parts of dihydropyridine, 10-20 parts of glucose; The amino acid complex potassium magnesium is prepared by the following method: potassium hydroxide and magnesium chloride are mixed to obtain a mixture; the mixture is added to an amino acid solution, and after the reaction is completed, the mixture is filtered and dried to obtain the amino acid complex potassium magnesium.

2. The additive according to claim 1, characterized in that The molar ratio of potassium hydroxide to magnesium chloride is 1:(1-10).

3. The additive according to claim 1, characterized in that The ratio of the amount of amino acid to water added in the amino acid solution is (0.5-1.5) mol: 250 g.

4. The additive according to claim 1, characterized in that The molar ratio of the mixture to the amino acid is 1:(0.8-1.2).

5. The additive according to claim 1, characterized in that The amino acid is one or more of taurine, glycine, lysine, methionine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid or threonine.

6. The method for preparing the additive according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The amino acid complex potassium magnesium, sorbitol, sodium citrate, guanidinoacetic acid, dihydropyridine and glucose are uniformly mixed to obtain an additive containing the amino acid complex potassium magnesium.

7. Use of the additive according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in the preparation of a product for improving the anti-stress ability of livestock and poultry.

8. The use according to claim 7, characterized in that The stress is heat stress and / or stress caused by forced molting.

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