Guiding device for tibial plateau fracture surgery

Abstract

The invention discloses a guide device for tibial plateau fracture surgery, which comprises a support rod, a tibia cushion block, an arc-shaped guide sleeve, an arc-shaped slide rail, a slide rail positioning piece and at least two bone guide needle intubation tubes, and is characterized in that the tibia cushion block fixed at one end of the support rod can be inserted into one side of a tibia to be operated along with the support rod; one end of the arc-shaped sliding rail is inserted into an arc-shaped guide sleeve fixedly installed on the supporting rod in a sliding mode, the arc-shaped guide sleeve and the arc-shaped sliding rail can be arranged on the outer side of the leg of a patient in a sleeving mode, the circle centers of the arc-shaped guide sleeve and the arc-shaped sliding rail are located on the tibia cushion block all the time, and at least two bone guide needle insertion pipes allowing bone guide needles to be inserted are fixed to the arc-shaped sliding rail at intervals. According to the invention, the situations that the bone guide needle is inserted too deep to damage other tissues near the tibial plateau and multiple incisions are made on the leg of a patient or the incisions are lengthened to increase exposure are avoided, the bone setting risk is reduced, and the postoperative healing efficiency is improved; and accurate measurement of the fixed length of the bone guide pin is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a medical auxiliary device, in particular to a guiding device for tibial plateau fracture surgery. Background Art

[0002] When the tibial plateau is fractured or cracked, the position of the tibial bone fragment needs to be adjusted through bone conduction so that the tibial bone fragment can be repositioned and then fixed with bone screws.

[0003] Currently, when resetting the tibial bone fragment, it is necessary to make an incision on the skin of the tibial plateau of the human body, and then use traction or an external fixator to assist in pulling the soft tissue, open the soft tissue near the tibial plateau, and then use a bone guide needle to extend from the incision and pierce the tibial bone fragment, and continue to insert the bone guide needle into the fracture end until the bone fragment is temporarily fixed, so that screws and steel plates can be used for subsequent fixation and bone setting on the tibia.

[0004] This operation requires a large incision in the human skin tissue, which needs to be sutured after surgery. This method is prone to wound infection, skin necrosis, and increased probability of vascular and nerve damage. In addition, some fracture sites are deep and surrounded by complex blood vessels and nerves, which are difficult to expose. Sometimes, even if they can be seen, they cannot be effectively fixed. After surgery, the injured person needs to undergo long-term anti-infection treatment, and after the wound is sutured, a large scar will be left on the surface of the human body, affecting the appearance. In the past, the need for additional incision exposure and postoperative suture during surgery would prolong the operation time, cause great trauma to the patient, and it was difficult to achieve precise directional insertion of the bone guide needle when inserting the bone guide needle into the tibia. Not only could it not be fixed securely and the effective fixation length of the bone guide needle could not be accurately measured, but the bone guide needle would also be inserted too deep, damaging other important tissues near the tibia. The surgical risk was very high. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects, the present invention provides a guiding device for tibial plateau fracture surgery, which can perform precise operations during the osteosynthesis of tibial plateau fracture surgery without making a large incision on the skin tissue. In simple fractures, fixation operations can be performed through minimally invasive incisions. In complex fracture surgeries, the effective fixation of the fracture ends at the exposed limited parts is improved, the accuracy and efficiency of osteosynthesis are improved, and the bone guide needle can be prevented from piercing other tissues near the tibia, reducing the risk of surgery. It is also convenient to accurately measure the effective fixation length of the bone guide needle during the operation, effectively reducing the possibility of skin wound infection and tissue necrosis, and damage to important blood vessels and nerves, so the trauma caused to the patient's body is very small.

[0006] The present invention adopts a technical solution to solve its technical problems: a guiding device for tibial plateau fracture surgery, comprising a support rod, a tibial pad, an arcuate guide sleeve, an arcuate slide rail, a slide rail positioning piece and at least two bone guide pin cannulas, wherein the tibial pad is fixedly arranged on one end of the support rod, and the tibial pad can be inserted into a side of the tibia to be operated on along with one end of the support rod, the arcuate guide sleeve is fixedly installed on the support rod, one end of the arcuate slide rail can be slidably inserted in the arcuate guide sleeve, and the center of the arcuate guide sleeve and the arcuate slide rail is always located on the tibial pad, the arcuate guide sleeve and the arcuate slide rail can be sleeved on the outside of the patient's leg, at least two bone guide pin cannulas are fixedly installed on the arcuate slide rail at intervals, and each bone guide pin cannulas extends radially along the arcuate slide rail, a channel for inserting the bone guide pin is formed on the inner side of the bone guide pin cannulas, and the slide rail positioning piece can fix and position the arcuate slide rail and the arcuate guide sleeve so that each bone guide pin cannulas remains at the position where the bone guide pin is inserted during the operation.

[0007] As a further improvement of the present invention, a handle for an operator to hold is fixedly provided on the other end of the support rod.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, the other end of the support rod forms a square tube structure, and an arc-shaped guide sleeve is fixed through the inner side of the other end of the support rod. The handle includes a gripping portion and a connecting rod. One end of the connecting rod is fixedly inserted into the inner side of the other end of the support rod, and the gripping portion is integrally formed at the other end of the connecting rod.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, a reference rod is fixedly provided on the side wall of the support rod, and the reference rod is located on the plane where the arc guide sleeve is located or parallel to the plane where the arc guide sleeve is located. The reference rod is parallel to the tibial platform so that the plane where the arc guide sleeve is located is located on the radial plane of the tibia.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the reference rod forms an obtuse angle with one end of the support rod, and the reference rod can be stopped on the tibia surface of the patient.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, one end of the support rod forms a flat curved structure with gradually decreasing thickness and width.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, the slide rail positioning member is a locking screw movably threaded to the side wall of the arc-shaped guide sleeve, and the end of the locking screw can be tightly pressed against the outer side wall of the arc-shaped slide rail.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the tibial pad is a disc structure, and the tip of the bone guide needle inserted through the bone guide needle cannula can be stopped on the surface of the tibial pad.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, the tibial pad is further provided with a protruding structure, and the protruding structure can clamp the soft tissue on the outer side of the tibia to achieve the stop positioning of the tibial pad and the tibia.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, the cross section of the arc-shaped guide sleeve is a non-circular structure, and the cross section of the arc-shaped slide rail is a non-circular structure matching the cross section of the arc-shaped guide sleeve.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: when performing tibial plateau fracture surgery on a patient, the present invention cooperates with an X-ray fluoroscopic device to extend the tibial pad into one side of the tibia through a support rod, the tibial pad is clamped by the tibia and soft tissue in the patient's leg for support and positioning, and the position of the bone guide needle cannula is changed by sliding the arc-shaped slide rail, so that the bone guide needle inserted through the bone guide needle cannula passes through the tibial plateau fracture site and fixes the tibial bone block. When the bone guide needle fixes the tibial bone block, the bone guide needle is finally blocked by the tibial pad and cannot be inserted further, thereby avoiding the bone guide needle being inserted too deep and damaging other bones near the tibial plateau. It is also conducive to accurately measuring the fixed length of the bone guide needle. When the bone guide needle is inserted into the patient's leg, the position of the bone guide needle cannula has been fixed on the patient's leg in advance, and the bone guide needle can be directly inserted through the patient's soft tissue, which can avoid making multiple incisions on the patient's leg or extending the incision to increase exposure, reducing the chance of skin wound infection and tissue necrosis, and improving the efficiency of the bone setting operation. When the bone guide needle is fixed to the bone block, the positioning is accurate, it is not easy to be pierced off, and other tissues will not be damaged, thereby reducing the risk of bone setting, improving the efficiency of postoperative healing, and the scar left on the human body surface after the operation is very small. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 A perspective view of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a front view of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 It is a stereoscopic diagram of a tibial fracture state;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the main view of the present invention in use;

[0021] Figure 5 It is a top view schematic diagram of the present invention in use state. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] Embodiment: A guide device for tibial plateau 10 fracture surgery, comprising a support rod 1, a tibial pad 2, an arcuate guide sleeve 3, an arcuate slide rail 4, a slide rail positioning member 5 and at least two bone guide pins 7 and cannulas 6, wherein the tibial pad 2 is fixedly arranged on one end of the support rod 1, and the tibial pad 2 can be inserted into the side of the tibia to be operated on along with the one end of the support rod 1, the arcuate guide sleeve 3 is fixedly mounted on the support rod 1, and one end of the arcuate slide rail 4 can be slidably inserted into the arcuate guide sleeve 3, and the circular arcuate guide sleeve 3 and the arcuate slide rail 4 are The center of the tibial pad 2 is always located on the tibial pad 2, the arcuate guide sleeve 3 and the arcuate slide rail 4 can be sleeved on the outside of the patient's leg, at least two bone guide pins 7 and cannulas 6 are fixedly installed on the arcuate slide rail 4 at intervals, and each bone guide pin 7 and cannulas 6 extend radially along the arcuate slide rail 4, and a channel for inserting the bone guide pin 7 is formed on the inner side of the bone guide pin 7 and cannulas 6, and the slide rail positioning member 5 can fix the arcuate slide rail 4 and the arcuate guide sleeve 3 so that each bone guide pin 7 and cannulas 6 remain at the position where the bone guide pin 7 is inserted in the operation.

[0023] Before performing the tibial plateau 10 fracture surgery, a CT scan is first taken of the patient's tibial fracture site, and the position of the patient's leg incision and the insertion position of the tibial pad 2 are determined based on the CT image, or with the assistance of X-ray fluoroscopy during the surgery, one end of the support rod 1 and the tibial pad 2 thereon are inserted through the incision on the patient's leg to a position on one side of the tibia close to the tibial plateau 10, and the tibial pad 2 is supported flatly on the tibial side wall. The specific position of the tibial pad 2 flatly against the tibial side wall is determined according to the fracture site, and then, the arc-shaped slide rail 4 is slid so that the axes of each bone guide pin 7 insertion tube 6 on it pass through the crack site, and after the arc-shaped slide rail 4 is fixed and positioned by the slide rail positioning piece 5, the bone guide pin 7 is inserted into the bone guide pin 7 insertion tube 6, and the bone block is nailed to the tibia, so that the bone block is temporarily fixed so that screws can be driven for bone setting. When the bone guide needle 7 is inserted, since the position of the bone guide needle 7 cannula 6 has been adjusted in advance, the bone guide needle 7 is ensured to be stably fixed to the bone block, and the situation of the bone guide needle 7 being pierced off-center is avoided. During the insertion of the bone guide needle 7, the tip of the bone guide needle 7 is blocked by the tibial pad 2 and will not pass through the tibia and injure other tissues. The bone guide needle 7 is inserted and guided during the tibial fracture surgery using the above device, which ensures that the bone guide needle 7 is inserted into the position accurately, ensures that the bone block is firmly and stably positioned, and since other tissues will not be injure, the damage to other tissues during the tibial plateau 10 fracture surgery is reduced, and the surgical trauma and surgical risk are reduced to a certain extent. In addition, when the above device is used, no additional incision is required on the patient's leg during the insertion of the bone guide needle 7, and the wound on the patient's leg is very small, which is not easy to cause postoperative infection, and the scar on the skin after surgery is also very small, which has good aesthetics.

[0024] A handle 8 for the operator to hold is fixedly provided on the other end of the support rod 1. The support rod 1 is stably held by the handle 8, so as to facilitate operation and keep the tibial pad 2 close to the tibial side wall.

[0025] The other end of the support rod 1 forms a square tube structure, and the arc-shaped guide sleeve 3 is fixedly passed through the inner side of the other end of the support rod 1. The handle 8 includes a gripping portion and a connecting rod. One end of the connecting rod is fixedly inserted into the inner side of the other end of the support rod 1, and the gripping portion is integrally formed at the other end of the connecting rod.

[0026] A reference rod 9 is also fixed on the side wall of the support rod 1. The reference rod 9 is located on the plane where the arc guide sleeve 3 is located or is parallel to the plane where the arc guide sleeve 3 is located. The reference rod 9 is parallel to the tibial plateau 10 so that the plane where the arc guide sleeve 3 is located is located on the radial plane of the tibia. After one end of the support rod 1 is inserted between the patient's soft tissue and the tibia, it can be observed whether the reference rod 9 is parallel to the tibial plateau 10, and it can be judged whether the tibial pad 2 is flat against the side wall of the tibia and whether the arc slide 4 is on the radial plane of the tibia, so as to prevent the arc slide 4 from being non-perpendicular to the tibia, causing the bone guide pin 7 to be pierced off-center.

[0027] The reference rod 9 forms an obtuse angle with one end of the support rod 1, and the reference rod 9 can stop on the surface of the patient's tibia 11. The reference rod 9 and one end of the support rod 1 form an obtuse angle ... with one end of the support rod 1. The reference rod 9 and the other end of the support rod 1 form an obtuse angle with one end of the support rod 1. The reference rod 9 and the other end of the support rod 1 form an obtuse angle with one end of the support rod 1. The reference rod 9 can be tilted against the surface of the tibia 11 to facilitate observation of whether it is parallel to the tibial plateau 10.

[0028] One end of the support rod 1 forms a flat curved structure with gradually decreasing thickness and width, which prevents one end of the support rod 1 from damaging other tissues during insertion, and the small size of one end of the support rod 1 can reduce the size of the soft tissue incision.

[0029] The slide rail positioning member 5 is a locking screw movably screwed to the side wall of the arc guide sleeve 3, and the end of the locking screw can be tightly against the outer wall of the arc slide rail 4. The arc slide rail 4 is locked in position or loosened and adjusted by turning the locking screw. The structure is simple, and a handle can be set on the head of the locking screw for easy adjustment. In addition to the locking screw, other devices can also be used, such as installing an elastic button on the arc guide sleeve 3, pressing the elastic button so that the elastic button is tightly against the arc slide rail 4 to achieve fixed positioning, and pressing the elastic button again, the elastic button pops up to loosen the arc slide rail 4. Such equivalent replacement structures are easily thought of by those skilled in the art based on this patent and belong to the protection scope of this patent.

[0030] The tibial pad 2 is a disc structure, and the tip of the bone guide needle 7 inserted through the bone guide needle 7 can be stopped on the surface of the tibial pad 2. When the tibial pad 2 with a disc structure is inserted between the tibia and the soft tissue, the circular surface contacts the soft tissue and the tibia, making it easy to insert and not easy to damage the soft tissue and the tibial surface. In addition, the tibial pad 2 can also be other shapes as long as it can support and position and prevent the bone guide needle 7 from piercing other tissues.

[0031] The tibial pad 2 is also provided with a protruding structure 12, which can clamp the soft tissue on the outside of the tibia to achieve the stop positioning of the tibial pad 2 and the tibia. After the tibial pad 2 is inserted between the tibia and the soft tissue, the protruding structure 12 clamps the soft tissue on the outside of the tibia, which plays a stopping and positioning role for the tibial pad 2, ensuring that the guide device will not move during the insertion of the bone guide pin 7. The protruding structure 12 can be a tooth-shaped structure to increase the clamping and positioning ability with the soft tissue.

[0032] The cross section of the arc guide sleeve 3 is a non-circular structure, and the cross section of the arc slide rail 4 is a non-circular structure matching the cross section of the arc guide sleeve 3. The cross section of the arc guide sleeve 3 is preferably a square structure, and the cross section of the arc slide rail 4 is also a square structure, so that the arc slide rail 4 will not rotate when sliding, ensuring that the bone guide needle 7 cannula 6 is always on the plane where the arc guide sleeve 3 is located, thereby ensuring that the insertion position of the bone guide needle 7 is accurate, and ensuring that the tip of the bone guide needle 7 is finally blocked by the tibial pad 2.

Claims

1. A guiding device for tibial plateau fracture surgery, characterized in that: The invention comprises a support rod (1), a tibial pad (2), an arcuate guide sleeve (3), an arcuate slide rail (4), a slide rail positioning member (5) and at least two bone guide needle cannulas (6), wherein the tibial pad is fixedly arranged on one end of the support rod, and the tibial pad can be inserted into a side of the tibia to be operated on along with the one end of the support rod, the arcuate guide sleeve is fixedly installed on the support rod, and one end of the arcuate slide rail can be slidably inserted into the arcuate guide sleeve, and the centers of the arcuate guide sleeve and the arcuate slide rail are always located on the tibial pad, the arcuate guide sleeve and the arcuate slide rail can be sleeved on the outside of the patient's leg, at least two bone guide needle cannulas are fixedly installed on the arcuate slide rail at intervals, and each bone guide needle cannulas extends radially along the arcuate slide rail, a channel for inserting a bone guide needle (7) is formed on the inner side of the bone guide needle cannulas, and the slide rail positioning member can fix and position the arcuate slide rail and the arcuate guide sleeve so that each bone guide needle cannulas remains unchanged at the position required for bone guide needle insertion during surgery.

2. The guiding device for tibial plateau fracture surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: A handle (8) for an operator to hold is fixedly provided on the other end of the support rod.

3. The guiding device for tibial plateau fracture surgery according to claim 2, characterized in that: The other end of the support rod forms a square tube structure, and the arc-shaped guide sleeve is fixed through the inner side of the other end of the support rod. The handle includes a gripping portion and a connecting rod. One end of the connecting rod is fixedly inserted into the inner side of the other end of the support rod, and the gripping portion is integrally formed at the other end of the connecting rod.

4. The guiding device for tibial plateau fracture surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: A reference rod (9) is also fixedly provided on the side wall of the support rod. The reference rod is located on the plane where the arc guide sleeve is located or is parallel to the plane where the arc guide sleeve is located. The reference rod is parallel to the tibial platform (10) so that the plane where the arc guide sleeve is located is located on the radial plane of the tibia.

5. The guiding device for tibial plateau fracture surgery according to claim 4, characterized in that: The reference rod forms an obtuse angle with one end of the support rod, and the reference rod can be stopped on the surface of the patient's tibia (11).

6. The guiding device for tibial plateau fracture surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the support rod forms a flat curved structure with gradually decreasing thickness and width.

7. The guiding device for tibial plateau fracture surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slide rail positioning member is a locking screw movably threaded on the side wall of the arc-shaped guide sleeve, and the end of the locking screw can be tightly pressed against the outer side wall of the arc-shaped slide rail.

8. The guiding device for tibial plateau fracture surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tibial pad is a disc structure, and the tip of the bone guide needle inserted through the bone guide needle cannula can be stopped on the surface of the tibial pad.

9. The guiding device for tibial plateau fracture surgery according to claim 1 or 8, characterized in that: The tibial pad is also provided with a protruding structure (12), which can clamp the soft tissue on the outer side of the tibia to achieve the stop positioning of the tibial pad and the tibia.

10. The guiding device for tibial plateau fracture surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross section of the arc-shaped guide sleeve is a non-circular structure, and the cross section of the arc-shaped slide rail is a non-circular structure matching the cross section of the arc-shaped guide sleeve.

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