Waste lithium battery and lithium battery pole piece recycling and crushing process and device thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a waste lithium battery and lithium battery pole piece recycling and crushing process and device, and relates to the technical field of lithium battery recycling. Comprising the following steps: S1, conveying the scrapped lithium battery for shredding, namely lifting the scrapped lithium battery through a gantry crane, feeding the scrapped lithium battery into one end of a sealed belt conveyor, shredding by using a double-shaft shredding machine, then shredding by using a single-shaft shredding machine, and then shredding the fed scrapped lithium battery into a sheet-shaped unwrapped state; according to the invention, the air conveying system is used for feeding the pole piece material into the roller powder removing machine and recycling the pole piece material together with the crushed scrapped lithium battery, so that the compatibility of the recycling process is highly improved, the crushing capability of the positive and negative pole pieces of the lithium battery is compatible, the compatibility of the system process is higher, and the production efficiency is improved. The equipment investment of multiple recovery assembly lines is reduced, meanwhile, the plant utilization rate is increased, the equipment utilization rate and the product yield are increased, and the operation cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of lithium battery recycling, and in particular to a waste lithium battery and lithium battery pole piece recycling and crushing process and a device thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the popularity of new energy vehicles and electronic products around the world, the demand for lithium batteries has increased dramatically, resulting in a rapid increase in the number of waste lithium batteries. Therefore, the recycling of waste lithium batteries is an important industry involving environmental protection, resource recycling and the development of new energy industries. After a long period of use, the intrinsic performance of lithium batteries has dropped to a scrap state and cannot function normally in their field. The used lithium batteries are physically and chemically treated to extract valuable metal elements such as lithium, cobalt, nickel, etc. to reduce environmental pollution and waste of resources. In the physical crushing and recycling process, black powder is usually used to refer to the positive and negative electrode material powders recovered from waste lithium batteries. Black powder contains elements such as graphite, nickel, cobalt, manganese and lithium, and has a high recycling value. It can be used to prepare positive and negative electrode materials and can also be further processed to recover nickel, cobalt, manganese and lithium metals. However, the powder output rate in the existing crushing and recycling process is only 40-50%, which is inefficient.

[0003] After searching, the Chinese patent publication number CN111129635A discloses a method and device for separating positive and negative electrode materials of waste lithium batteries, including the following steps: reductively roasting the positive and negative electrode materials of waste lithium batteries; crushing and grinding the positive and negative electrode materials after reductive roasting; filtering and removing impurities from the crushed and ground positive and negative electrode materials to obtain positive and negative electrode mixed materials. The above patent can only recycle lithium batteries and lacks the function of processing the pole pieces together. If the pole pieces need to be processed simultaneously when recycling lithium batteries, an additional production line needs to be built, which has a high construction cost. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the prior art and to propose a waste lithium battery and lithium battery pole piece recycling and crushing process and device.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A waste lithium battery and lithium battery pole piece recycling and crushing process and device, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1: Conveying scrapped lithium batteries for shredding: The scrapped lithium batteries are lifted by a gantry crane and sent to one end of a sealed belt conveyor. They are first shredded by a double-shaft shredder and then by a single-shaft shredder. The scrapped lithium batteries sent in are shredded into sheets without packaging.

[0008] S2: Pyrolyzing the shredded battery cells in a medium-temperature pyrolysis furnace;

[0009] S3: using a cooling kiln to cool down the scrapped lithium battery fragments after pyrolysis in the pyrolysis furnace;

[0010] Sa1: Send the pole sheet material into the wind conveying system;

[0011] S4: sending the scrapped lithium batteries and pole pieces outputted from step S3 and step Sa1 to a drum de-powdering machine for de-powdering and sieving to obtain black powder, and removing small iron particles in the material through a magnetic separator during sieving;

[0012] S5: Put the large particle fragments after de-powdering in step S4 into a Z-type gravity separator for sorting, and sort out the heavy materials (shell, tab) and light materials (positive and negative electrode sheets, separators and black powder);

[0013] S6: The light materials after drum screening and gravity separation in step S5 are further crushed by a multi-stage crusher;

[0014] S7: The materials crushed by the multi-stage crusher are sent to the multi-stage swing screening device through the wind conveying system for further de-powdering, and the small iron particles in the materials are removed by the magnetic separator;

[0015] S8: further grinding the material using a grinder; sending the remaining material after de-powdering and magnetic separation in step S7 into a silo for temporary storage, at which time the material is a mixture of aluminum, copper and a small amount of black powder, and then sending the material into a grinder for grinding;

[0016] S9: Use a copper-aluminum separator to sieve the ground aluminum, copper and a small amount of black powder to obtain copper powder and aluminum powder, and the material with too large particle size will be sent back to the silo in step S8 through the return system for storage and next grinding;

[0017] Sb1: cyclone dust removal of the dust gas generated in steps S4, S7 and S9;

[0018] Sb2: The flue gas after dust removal is sent into the secondary combustion chamber for secondary incineration, and the flue gas after the combustible gas is fully burned is cooled through the quenching tower;

[0019] Sb3: The flue gas after spraying is sent to the quenching tower for quenching. Through the first and second stage condensation, the different properties of saturated steam pressure of organic waste gas and other gases at different temperatures can be used to condense and separate harmful gases such as fluorine-containing waste gas for centralized treatment;

[0020] Sb4: Spray the cooled flue gas, and fully contact the acidic gases such as hydrogen fluoride and phosphoric acid in the flue gas with the alkaline solution through the first and second level alkaline solution spraying, and effectively reduce the concentration of other harmful components through neutralization reaction;

[0021] Sb5: The liquid after spraying can be further absorbed and treated in a multi-stage absorption tower, and the gas in the absorption tower is further adsorbed by multi-stage activated carbon to remove organic waste gas;

[0022] Sb6: The treated gas is discharged through the chimney.

[0023] Preferably, the output size of the anaerobic shredder in step S1 is 80-120 mm.

[0024] Further: the medium-temperature pyrolysis furnace in step S2 is a medium-temperature pyrolysis furnace, the pyrolysis temperature is 550°C, the rotation speed of the battery cell in the medium-temperature pyrolysis furnace is 1r / min, and the pyrolysis time is 30min.

[0025] Further: the filter mesh number of the drum de-powdering machine in the S4 step is 100 meshes and the rotation speed is 400ppm.

[0026] As a preferred solution of the present invention: in the step S7, the discharge mesh size of the multi-stage swing screening device is 200 meshes, and the rotation frequency is 200 BPM.

[0027] As a further solution of the present invention: in the step S6, the diameter of the fragments after being crushed by the multi-stage crusher is 2 mm.

[0028] As a further solution of the present invention: in the step S8, the grinding machine is preferably a hammer mill, the main shaft speed of the hammer mill is 2800-3000rpm, and the grinding fineness is 300 mesh.

[0029] A device for recycling and crushing waste lithium batteries and lithium battery pole pieces, the device is used to crush the waste lithium batteries and lithium battery pole pieces in the process.

[0030] Based on the above scheme: the chimney height in step Sd7 is 15 meters.

[0031] A device for recycling and crushing waste lithium batteries and lithium battery pole pieces, wherein the device is used for crushing within the process.

[0032] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0033] 1. A waste lithium battery and lithium battery pole piece recycling and crushing process and device, which uses a wind conveying system to send the pole piece material into a drum de-powdering machine and the crushed lithium battery scrapped lithium battery for recycling and processing together, so that the compatibility of the recycling process is highly improved, and the crushing capacity of the positive and negative pole pieces of lithium batteries is compatible, so that the system process is more compatible, the equipment investment of opening multiple recycling lines is reduced, and the utilization rate of the plant is improved, and the equipment utilization rate and product yield rate are improved, and the operating cost is reduced.

[0034] 2. A waste lithium battery and lithium battery pole piece recycling and crushing process and device, by using a 550°C medium temperature furnace as a heating furnace, the organic matter in the lithium battery can be fully pyrolyzed to improve the product value, and it is conducive to the application of subsequent wet process.

[0035] 3. A waste lithium battery and lithium battery pole piece recycling and crushing process and device, which realizes the simultaneous recovery of iron and aluminum through multiple drum magnetic separators, and finally realizes the separation of copper and aluminum through a hammer mill in conjunction with a copper and aluminum separator, and through a more precise powder screening unit, the screening rate of copper and aluminum is as high as 97%.

[0036] 4. A process and device for recycling and crushing waste lithium batteries and lithium battery pole pieces. The process and device can maximize the use of airflow to separate black powder with recycling value from metal fragments through the combination of multiple shredders for crushing, a drum de-powdering machine, a multi-stage crusher and a swing screening device, and use a negative pressure collection system for centralized recovery. The total recovery rate of black powder reaches more than 88% and the recovery purity is higher. At the same time, part of the black powder can be further recovered in the S9 step when separating copper and aluminum, which can further improve the overall recovery rate of black powder.

[0037] 5. A waste lithium battery and lithium battery pole piece recycling and crushing process and device, by using the introduction of a gantry crane, the corresponding loading manpower can be saved and automatic loading can be realized. At the same time, the oxygen-free shredder adopts a double-axis shredder for shredding and then uses a single-axis shredder for shredding, which has better compatibility with the crushed products. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 The present invention provides a schematic diagram of a process flow for recycling and crushing waste lithium batteries and lithium battery pole pieces. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The technical solution of this patent is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0040] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0041] Embodiment 1:

[0042] A waste lithium battery and lithium battery pole piece recycling and crushing process and device, such as Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0043] S1: conveying scrapped lithium batteries for shredding: the scrapped lithium batteries are lifted by a gantry crane and then sent to one end of a sealed belt conveyor. The preferred scrapped lithium batteries can be square shell batteries, blade batteries, soft-pack batteries, cylindrical batteries, 3C batteries, photovoltaic cells, and solid-state batteries commonly seen on the market. The other end of the belt conveyor is connected to the feeding port of the shredder. Using a gantry crane for feeding saves manpower and improves feeding efficiency. The scrapped lithium batteries fed into the shredder are shredded into sheets without packaging. The preferred shredder is an anaerobic shredder, which is filled with nitrogen. When the batteries are fed into the anaerobic shredder, nitrogen is added to the shredder. After the batteries are put into the temporary storage bin, nitrogen will be injected into the temporary storage bin. When the oxygen concentration in the temporary storage bin reaches the target value, the scrapped lithium batteries will be sent to the shredding bin for shredding. At the same time, nitrogen will be added to the shredding bin during the shredding process to ensure that the batteries are always in an oxygen-free environment during the shredding process to prevent sparks from causing fire and explosion during the shredding process. When shredding, a double-axis shredder is used for shredding first, and then a single-axis shredder is used for shredding. This can have better compatibility with the types of lithium battery products to be shredded, and has better safety. The output size of the oxygen-free shredder is preferably 80-120mm;

[0044] S2: Pyrolysis of the shredded battery cells is performed in a medium-temperature pyrolysis furnace. The preferred pyrolysis temperature is 550°C, the rotation speed of the battery cells in the medium-temperature pyrolysis furnace is 1r / min, and the pyrolysis time is 30min. The organic matter in the lithium battery cells can be fully pyrolyzed more efficiently, thereby improving the product value and facilitating the application of subsequent wet process.

[0045] S3: Use a cooling kiln to cool down the scrapped lithium battery fragments after pyrolysis in the pyrolysis furnace. The dedicated cooling kiln can quickly cool down and shorten the cooling time, and does not occupy the space of the pyrolysis furnace, which can improve the efficiency of lithium battery recovery and improve the equipment utilization rate;

[0046] Sa1: The pole sheet material is sent into the wind conveying system. The pole sheet material is the positive and negative electrode materials in the waste lithium battery. It is first hoisted onto the sealed belt conveyor by a gantry crane, and then sent out by the wind conveying system;

[0047] S4: The scrapped lithium batteries and pole pieces outputted from step S3 and step Sa1 are sent to a drum de-powdering machine for de-powdering and sieving. 65% of black powder can be obtained by sieving through the drum de-powdering machine. At this time, the purity of the black powder is the highest. During the sieving, small iron particles in the material are removed by a magnetic separator. Preferably, the drum de-powdering machine has a filter mesh of 100 meshes and a rotation speed of 400ppm.

[0048] S5: the large particle fragments after de-powdering in step S4 are put into a Z-type gravity separator for sorting. The Z-type gravity separator is an empty separator with a Z-shaped channel design. It uses negative pressure adsorption to sort out heavy materials (shells, tabs) and light materials (positive and negative plates, diaphragms and black powder), which can remove 98% of the iron in the material.

[0049] S6: The light material after drum screening and gravity sorting in step S5 is further crushed by a multi-stage crusher. The crushed material can be convenient for extracting black powder in the next step. The particle diameter of the fragments after crushing by the multi-stage crusher is 2 mm.

[0050] S7: The material crushed by the multi-stage crusher is sent to the multi-stage swing screening device for further de-powdering through the wind conveying system, and 18% of the black powder can be further recovered. At the same time, the small iron particles in the material are removed by the magnetic separator, and the remaining iron scraps in the material can be further removed. The drum de-powdering machine in steps S5-7 cooperates with the multi-stage crusher to process the scrapped lithium batteries while processing the pole piece materials, thereby improving the process compatibility of the process, saving the funds for reopening the pole piece material crushing and recycling production line, and improving the equipment utilization rate. The preferred multi-stage swing screening machine has a discharge mesh of 200 meshes and a rotation frequency of 200 BPM;

[0051] S8: further grinding the material using a grinder; the remaining material after de-powdering and sorting in step S7 is first sent to a silo for temporary storage, at which time the material is a mixture of aluminum, copper and a small amount of black powder, and then the material is sent to a grinder for grinding. The grinder is preferably a hammer mill to improve the uniformity of grinding. The preferred hammer mill has a main shaft speed of 2800-3000rpm and a crushing fineness of 300 mesh;

[0052] S9: Use a copper-aluminum separator to screen the ground aluminum, copper and a small amount of black powder mixture; the preferred copper-aluminum separator is an airflow separator, which separates the copper and aluminum in the material to obtain copper powder and aluminum powder, and the material with too large particle size will be returned to the silo in step S8 through the return system for storage for the next grinding. By using a more precise powder screening unit, the screening of copper and aluminum can reach 97%, and 5% of black powder can be obtained at the same time, maximizing the black powder recovery efficiency;

[0053] Sb1: cyclone dust removal of the dust gas generated in steps S4, S7 and S9;

[0054] Sb2: The flue gas after dust removal is sent into the secondary combustion chamber for secondary incineration, and the flue gas after the combustible gas is fully burned is cooled through the quenching tower;

[0055] Sb3: The flue gas after spraying is sent to the quenching tower for quenching. Through the first and second stage condensation, the different properties of saturated steam pressure of organic waste gas and other gases at different temperatures can be used to condense and separate harmful gases such as fluorine-containing waste gas for centralized treatment;

[0056] Sb4: Spray the cooled flue gas, and fully contact the acidic gases such as hydrogen fluoride and phosphoric acid in the flue gas with the alkaline solution through the first and second level alkaline solution spraying, and effectively reduce the concentration of other harmful components through neutralization reaction;

[0057] Sb5: The liquid after spraying can be further absorbed and treated in a multi-stage absorption tower, and the gas in the absorption tower is further adsorbed by multi-stage activated carbon to remove organic waste gas;

[0058] Sb6: The treated gas is discharged through a chimney, and the preferred chimney height is 15 meters.

[0059] When this embodiment is used, the introduction of the gantry crane in step S1 can save the corresponding loading manpower and realize automatic loading. At the same time, the oxygen-free shredder adopts a double-shaft shredder plus a single-shaft shredder, which has better compatibility with the crushed products.

[0060] By using a wind conveying system to send the pole piece material into the drum de-powdering machine and recycle it together with the crushed scrapped lithium battery, the compatibility of the recycling process is highly improved, and the crushing capacity of the positive and negative pole pieces of lithium batteries is compatible, making the system process more compatible, reducing the equipment investment of multiple recycling lines, and improving the utilization rate of the plant, the equipment utilization rate and product yield rate, and reducing the operating cost; at the same time, a 550℃ medium temperature furnace is used as a heating furnace, which can fully pyrolyze the organic matter in the lithium battery to improve the product value, and is conducive to the application of the later wet process;

[0061] In addition, the combination of multiple shredders for pulverizing, drum de-powdering machine, multi-stage crusher and swing screening device can maximize the use of airflow to separate the black powder with recycling value from the metal fragments, and use the negative pressure collection system for centralized recycling. The total recovery rate of black powder reaches more than 88% and the recovery purity is higher. At the same time, part of the black powder can be further recovered in the S9 step when separating copper and aluminum, which can further improve the overall recovery rate of black powder.

[0062] While recovering black powder, multiple drum magnetic separators are used to simultaneously recover iron and aluminum. Finally, a grinder and a copper-aluminum separator are used to separate copper and aluminum. A more sophisticated powder screening unit is used to separate copper and aluminum, achieving a screening rate of up to 97% (i.e., less than 3% aluminum in copper). At the same time, some black powder can be further recovered.

[0063] The above is a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement made by any technician familiar with the field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention in combination with the prior art or public common sense, within the spirit and principle of the present invention, shall be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A waste lithium battery and lithium battery pole piece recycling and crushing process and device, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Conveying scrapped lithium batteries for shredding: The scrapped lithium batteries are lifted by a gantry crane and sent to one end of a sealed belt conveyor. They are first shredded by a double-shaft shredder and then by a single-shaft shredder. The scrapped lithium batteries sent in are shredded into sheets without packaging. S2: Pyrolyzing the shredded battery cells in a medium-temperature pyrolysis furnace; S3: using a cooling kiln to cool down the scrapped lithium battery fragments after pyrolysis in the pyrolysis furnace; Sa1: Send the pole sheet material into the wind conveying system; S4: sending the scrapped lithium batteries and pole pieces outputted from step S3 and step Sa1 to a drum de-powdering machine for de-powdering and sieving to obtain black powder, and removing small iron particles in the material through a magnetic separator during sieving; S5: Put the large particle fragments after de-powdering in step S4 into a Z-type gravity separator for sorting, and sort out the heavy materials (shell, tab) and light materials (positive and negative electrode sheets, separators and black powder); S6: The light materials after drum screening and gravity separation in step S5 are further crushed by a multi-stage crusher; S7: The materials crushed by the multi-stage crusher are sent to the multi-stage swing screening device through the wind conveying system for further de-powdering, and the small iron particles in the materials are removed by the magnetic separator; S8: further grinding the material using a grinder; sending the remaining material after de-powdering and magnetic separation in step S7 into a silo for temporary storage, at which time the material is a mixture of aluminum, copper and a small amount of black powder, and then sending the material into a grinder for grinding; S9: Use a copper-aluminum separator to sieve the ground aluminum, copper and a small amount of black powder to obtain copper powder and aluminum powder, and the material with too large particle size will be sent back to the silo in step S8 through the return system for storage and next grinding; Sb1: cyclone dust removal of the dust gas generated in steps S4, S7 and S9; Sb2: The flue gas after dust removal is sent into the secondary combustion chamber for secondary incineration, and the flue gas after the combustible gas is fully burned is cooled through the quenching tower; Sb3: The flue gas after spraying is sent to the quenching tower for quenching. Through the first and second stage condensation, the different properties of saturated steam pressure of organic waste gas and other gases at different temperatures can be used to condense and separate harmful gases such as fluorine-containing waste gas for centralized treatment; Sb4: Spray the cooled flue gas, and fully contact the acidic gases such as hydrogen fluoride and phosphoric acid in the flue gas with the alkaline solution through the first and second level alkaline solution spraying, and effectively reduce the concentration of other harmful components through neutralization reaction; Sb5: The liquid after spraying can be further absorbed and treated in a multi-stage absorption tower, and the gas in the absorption tower is further adsorbed by multi-stage activated carbon to remove organic waste gas; Sb6: The treated gas is discharged through the chimney.

2. A waste lithium battery and lithium battery pole piece recycling and crushing process and device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output size of the anaerobic shredder in step S1 is 80-120 mm.

3. A waste lithium battery and lithium battery pole piece recycling and crushing process and device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The medium-temperature pyrolysis furnace in step S2 is a medium-temperature pyrolysis furnace, the pyrolysis temperature is 550° C., the rotation speed of the battery cell in the medium-temperature pyrolysis furnace is 1 r / min, and the pyrolysis time is 30 min.

4. A waste lithium battery and lithium battery pole piece recycling and crushing process and device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter mesh number of the drum de-powdering machine in the step S4 is 100 meshes, and the rotation speed is 400ppm.

5. A waste lithium battery and lithium battery pole piece recycling and crushing process and device according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step S7, the discharge mesh size of the multi-stage swing screening device is 200 meshes, and the rotation frequency is 200 BPM.

6. A waste lithium battery and lithium battery pole piece recycling and crushing process and device according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S6, the diameter of the fragments after being crushed by the multi-stage crusher is 2 mm.

7. A waste lithium battery and lithium battery pole piece recycling and crushing process and device according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S8, the grinding machine is preferably a hammer mill, the main shaft speed of the hammer mill is 2800-3000 rpm, and the grinding fineness is 300 mesh.

8. A waste lithium battery and lithium battery pole piece recycling and crushing process and device according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the Sd7 step, the chimney height is 15 meters.

9. A device for recycling and crushing waste lithium batteries and lithium battery pole pieces according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The device is used for crushing in the process.

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