Special formula fertilizer with high utilization rate for potatoes

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of formulated fertilizers, and discloses a high-utilization-rate special formulated fertilizer for potatoes, which comprises nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matters, the content of the organic matters in the formulated fertilizer accounts for not less than 15% of the total nutrient content of the formulated fertilizer, and the content of N, P2O5 and K20 in the formulated fertilizer accounts for 35%-41% of the total nutrient content of the formulated fertilizer, the content ratio of N to P2O5 to K20 is (9-11): (7-9): (19-21), and the index is the weight content. According to the contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, quick-acting potassium and organic matters in soil, nitrogen is reasonably increased, phosphorus is reasonably stabilized, potassium is reasonably prepared, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is effectively increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of formula fertilizers, in particular to a special formula fertilizer for potatoes with high utilization rate. Background Art

[0002] Potato is one of the main crops, and its planting area is second only to wheat and rapeseed. Potato has high yield and wide application. It is an advantageous crop for increasing agricultural efficiency and farmers' income, and is also a high-yield crop for drought resistance and disaster relief.

[0003] Fertilization is a very important part in potato production. However, no fertilizer formula or fertilization process for potatoes has been found in the existing technology. Almost all potato growers rely on experience to fertilize. Not to mention that it may cause soil compaction and soil erosion, the effect of fertilizer on potatoes is not as good as expected. There is a lack of a strict potato formula to guide people's fertilization. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a potato-specific formula fertilizer with high utilization rate to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] The invention is a special formula fertilizer for potatoes with high utilization rate, the ingredients of which include nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter;

[0007] The organic matter content in the formula fertilizer accounts for no less than 15% of the total nutrient content of the formula fertilizer;

[0008] The content of N, P2O5 and K20 in the formula fertilizer accounts for 35%-41% of the total nutrient content of the formula fertilizer;

[0009] Wherein, the content ratio of N, P2O5 and K20 is 9-11:7-9:19-21;

[0010] The above indicators are weight contents.

[0011] Furthermore, the contents of N, P2O5 and K20 in the formula fertilizer together account for 38% of the total nutrient content of the formula fertilizer;

[0012] Wherein, the content ratio of N, P2O5 and K20 is 10:8:20.

[0013] Furthermore, the fertilization method of the formula fertilizer is as follows:

[0014] The test area was selected and divided into;

[0015] Collect soil samples from the test area and determine the organic matter, alkaline nitrogen deficiency, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil of the test area;

[0016] Determine the fertilizer formula based on the soil fertility difference subtraction method or nutrient balance method.

[0017] Furthermore, the soil fertility difference subtraction method is to obtain the amount of fertilizer required to achieve the target yield based on the difference between the target crop yield and the basic yield;

[0018]

[0019] Furthermore, the nutrient absorption per unit yield of the crop is the amount of nutrients absorbed by the test area to form 100 kg of economic yield of potatoes;

[0020] The target production is determined based on the local average production in the previous three years, with an increase of 10-15%;

[0021] The determination of blank yield is based on the blank control N0P0K0 in the fertilizer effect test of wheat, corn, soybean and potato, that is, no fertilizer is applied.

[0022] Furthermore, the nutrient balance method is a method for estimating the amount of fertilizer to be applied based on the difference between the fertilizer requirement of the planned crop yield and the fertilizer supply of the soil;

[0023] Fertilizer application amount = (target yield × nutrient absorption per unit yield of crop - nutrient measurement value × 0.15 × correction coefficient) / (nutrients contained in fertilizer × fertilizer utilization rate in the season).

[0024] Furthermore, the fertilizer utilization rate in the season is mainly based on the data of the fertilizer utilization rate test, and the utilization rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers for potatoes are 50.5%, 17.1% and 55.24% respectively.

[0025] Furthermore, the average nutrients in the soil samples of the test area were 14.9 g / kg organic matter, 52.7 mg / kg alkaline nitrogen, 12.0 mg / kg available phosphorus, and 149 mg / kg available potassium.

[0026] Furthermore, the nutrients contained in the fertilizer are urea as nitrogen fertilizer, superphosphate as phosphorus fertilizer, and potassium sulfate as potash fertilizer;

[0027] Among them, urea contains 46% N, superphosphate contains 512% P2O, and potassium sulfate contains 50% K2O.

[0028] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] (1) The present invention reasonably increases nitrogen, stabilizes phosphorus, and matches potassium according to the content of alkaline-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, quick-acting potassium, and organic matter in the soil, thereby effectively improving the utilization rate of fertilizers.

[0030] Of course, any product implementing the present invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the advantages described above at the same time. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] The invention is a special formula fertilizer for potatoes with high utilization rate, the ingredients of which include nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter;

[0033] The organic matter content in the formula fertilizer accounts for no less than 15% of the total nutrient content of the formula fertilizer;

[0034] The content of N, P2O5 and K20 in the formula fertilizer accounts for 35%-41% of the total nutrient content of the formula fertilizer;

[0035] Wherein, the content ratio of N, P2O5 and K20 is 9-11:7-9:19-21;

[0036] The above indicators are weight contents.

[0037] The content of N, P2O5 and K20 in the formula fertilizer accounts for 38% of the total nutrient content of the formula fertilizer;

[0038] Wherein, the content ratio of N, P2O5 and K20 is 10:8:20.

[0039] The method of applying the formula fertilizer is as follows:

[0040] Through soil sample collection and testing, the soil nutrient status in the test area was understood;

[0041] Relying on the implementation of the soil testing and fertilization formula project, a total of 400 soil samples were collected using the GPS satellite positioning system before planting potatoes in the 40,000 mu test area, representing an area of ​​40,000 mu;

[0042] A total of 1,586 soil alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter, pH value, moisture, trace elements and bulk density analysis and testing were carried out;

[0043] The average organic matter in the cultivated soil layer was 14.9 (g / kg), alkaline nitrogen was 52.7 (mg / kg), available phosphorus was 12.0 (mg / kg), and available potassium was 149 (mg / kg);

[0044] According to the national soil nutrient content 6-level standard, the overall soil nutrient situation in the county is "lack of organic matter and alkaline nitrogen, and relatively abundant in available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium";

[0045] Therefore, the fertilization technology of "increasing nitrogen, stabilizing phosphorus, adjusting potassium, and supplementing micro-fertilizers on the basis of applying sufficient organic fertilizer" was proposed.

[0046] Through experimental research, we can find out the fertilization index parameters of different fertility levels in the experimental area;

[0047] In potato planting, through the test of material effect, formula fertilizer correction test, medium and trace element test, fertilizer utilization test, and fertilizer reduction and efficiency increase test, we have obtained the following results:

[0048] The best formula and fertilizer amount for potatoes with high, medium and low fertility levels in the test area, the yield of the blank area in the test area, fertilizer utilization rate, soil contribution rate, fertilizer nutrient yield increase effect in the season and other parameters;

[0049] It provides a basis for formula development and field production. The test results show that:

[0050] In the high-yield area, the ratio of N:P2O5:K20 is 1:0.88:0.75, that is, when 20kg of urea, 40kg of calcium sulfate and 20kg of potassium sulfate are applied per mu, the potato yield is optimal.

[0051] In the medium-yield area, the potato yield is best when N:P2O5:K20 is 1:0.88:0.75, that is, 18kg of urea, 35kg of calcium sulfate, and 16kg of potassium sulfate are applied per mu;

[0052] In low-yield areas, the potato yield is optimal when the N:P2O5:K20 is 1:0.83:0.83, that is, 15kg of urea, 30kg of calcium sulfate and 12kg of potassium sulfate are applied per mu.

[0053] Determine the technical route of soil testing and fertilization, and carry out formula research and development and design;

[0054] The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium application rates per mu were established and improved based on the high, medium and low fertility targets of potatoes, with yields of more than 2,500 kg, 2,000-2,500 kg and less than 2,000 kg per mu respectively;

[0055]

[0056]

[0057] Based on the principle of soil testing and formula fertilization, we developed a special formula fertilizer suitable for the growth of local crops;

[0058] More than 80% of the test area is medium-fertility land, and the following two methods are used for calculation.

[0059] (1) Soil fertility difference subtraction method: It is a method to calculate the amount of fertilizer required to achieve the target yield based on the difference between the target crop yield and the basic yield:

[0060]

[0061] This involves the determination of 5 parameters:

[0062] ①Nutrient absorption per unit crop yield

[0063]

[0064] ② Determination of target production: based on the local average production in the previous three years, increase by 10-15%

[0065] ③ Determination of blank yield: It is based on the blank control N0P0K0 in the fertilizer effect test of wheat, corn, soybean and potato, that is, no fertilizer is applied.

[0066]

[0067]

[0068] ④ The nutrients contained in the fertilizer are urea for nitrogen fertilizer, superphosphate for phosphorus fertilizer, and potassium sulfate for potash fertilizer;

[0069] Among them, urea contains 46% N, superphosphate contains 512% P2O, and potassium sulfate contains 50% K2O.

[0070] ⑤ Fertilizer utilization rate in the season: Based mainly on the data from the fertilizer utilization rate test, the utilization rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers for potatoes are 50.5%, 17.1% and 55.24% respectively.

[0071] Features: easy operation, long cycle, and low basic output.

[0072] (2) Nutrient balance method: It is a method of estimating the amount of fertilizer to be applied based on the difference between the planned crop yield fertilizer requirement and the soil fertilizer supply, also known as the target yield method:

[0073] Fertilizer application amount = (target yield × nutrient absorption per unit yield of crop - nutrient measurement value × 0.15 × correction coefficient) / (nutrients contained in fertilizer × fertilizer utilization rate in the season).

[0074] The target yield, nutrient absorption per unit yield of crops, nutrients contained in fertilizers and fertilizer utilization rate in the season have all been calculated previously. Now only nutrient measurement values ​​and correction coefficients are needed.

[0075] ① Soil nutrient measurement value: The average soil nutrient value of the whole county from 2006 to 2008 is used here, that is, the average organic matter in the cultivated soil layer is 14.9 (g / kg), alkaline nitrogen is 52.7 (mg / kg), available phosphorus is 12.0 (mg / kg), and available potassium is 149 (mg / kg).

[0076] ② Effective nutrient correction coefficient, i.e. soil contribution rate: According to the "3414" fertilizer efficiency test, the correction coefficient of alkaline nitrogen is 50.2%, the correction coefficient of effective phosphorus is 44.6%, and the correction coefficient of available potassium is 0.72%.

[0077] Note: The coefficient converted from P is P2O5--2.29 ， The coefficient for converting K to K2O is 1.21.

[0078] Features: Compared with the soil fertility difference subtraction method, it is time-saving, simple, fast and practical.

[0079] In the embodiment, the base fertilizer is mainly farmyard manure, supplemented by chemical fertilizer, which generally accounts for 2 / 3 of the total fertilizer application amount, and the potato yield per mu is about 1500 kg;

[0080] The N, P2O5 and K20 content of the potato-specific fertilizer per mu should account for 38% of the total nutrient content of the fertilizer;

[0081] Wherein, the content ratio of N, P2O5 and K20 is 10:8:20;

[0082] For top dressing, apply 5-7 kg of urea or about 10 kg of ammonium nitrate and 15-20 kg of superphosphate per mu.

[0083] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help illustrate the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementation methods described. Obviously, many modifications and changes can be made according to the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand and use the present invention well. The present invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A potato-specific formula fertilizer with high utilization rate, comprising nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, characterized in that: It also includes organic matter; The organic matter content in the formula fertilizer accounts for no less than 15% of the total nutrient content of the formula fertilizer; The content of N, P2O5 and K20 in the formula fertilizer accounts for 35%-41% of the total nutrient content of the formula fertilizer; Wherein, the content ratio of N, P2O5 and K20 is 9-11:7-9:19-21; The above indicators are weight contents.

2. The potato-specific fertilizer with high utilization rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The content of N, P2O5 and K20 in the formula fertilizer accounts for 38% of the total nutrient content of the formula fertilizer; Wherein, the content ratio of N, P2O5 and K20 is 10:8:

20.

3. The potato-specific fertilizer with high utilization rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilization method of the formula fertilizer is as follows: The selected test area is divided into; Collect soil samples from the test area and determine the organic matter, alkaline nitrogen deficiency, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil of the test area; Determine the fertilizer formula based on the soil fertility difference subtraction method or nutrient balance method.

4. The potato-specific fertilizer with high utilization rate according to claim 3, characterized in that: The soil fertility difference subtraction method is to obtain the amount of fertilizer required to achieve the target yield based on the difference between the target crop yield and the basic yield; Fertilizer application amount = [nutrient absorption per unit yield of crop × (target yield - yield in blank area)] / (nutrients contained in fertilizer × fertilizer utilization rate in the season).

5. The potato-specific fertilizer with high utilization rate according to claim 4, characterized in that: The nutrient absorption per unit yield of the crop is the amount of nutrients absorbed by the test area to form 100 kg of economic yield of potatoes; The target production is determined based on the local average production in the previous three years, with an increase of 10-15%; The determination of blank yield is based on the blank control N0P0K0 in the fertilizer effect test of wheat, corn, soybean and potato, that is, no fertilizer is applied.

6. The potato-specific fertilizer with high utilization rate according to claim 3, characterized in that: The nutrient balance method is a method for estimating the amount of fertilizer to be applied based on the difference between the fertilizer requirement for the planned crop yield and the fertilizer supply from the soil; Fertilizer application amount = (target yield × nutrient absorption per unit yield of crop - nutrient measurement value × 0.15 × correction coefficient) / (nutrients contained in fertilizer × fertilizer utilization rate in the season).

7. A potato-specific fertilizer with high utilization rate according to claim 4 or 6, characterized in that: The fertilizer utilization rate in the current season is mainly based on the data of fertilizer utilization rate test. The utilization rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers for potatoes are 50.5%, 17.1% and 55.24% respectively.

8. A potato-specific fertilizer with high utilization rate according to claim 4 or 6, characterized in that: The average nutrients in the soil samples of the test area were 14.9 g / kg organic matter, 52.7 mg / kg alkaline nitrogen, 12.0 mg / kg available phosphorus, and 149 mg / kg available potassium.

9. A potato-specific fertilizer with high utilization rate according to claim 4 or 6, characterized in that: The nutrients contained in the fertilizer are urea for nitrogen fertilizer, superphosphate for phosphorus fertilizer, and potassium sulfate for potash fertilizer; Among them, urea contains 46% N, superphosphate contains 512% P2O, and potassium sulfate contains 50% K2O.

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