Lining structure of aluminum electrolysis cell and use method of lining structure

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum electrolysis cells, in particular to an aluminum electrolysis cell lining structure and a using method thereof.The lining structure comprises a lining bottom shell, an anode electrolysis device is arranged at the upper end of the lining bottom shell, an exhaust device is arranged on the anode electrolysis device, and an auxiliary discharging device is arranged in the lining bottom shell; a pressure sensor is arranged at the bottom end of the interior of the lining bottom shell, by arranging an electromagnet, a ring sleeve, a protruding block, a scraping plate, an expansion ball and other parts, when the numerical value increasing rate of the pressure sensor is slowed down and smaller than a threshold value a, the interior of the lining bottom shell is powered on to be heated, and in the process that aluminum oxide and cryolite powder are molten, the pressure sensor is heated; when the waste lining material is added into the electrolytic bath to be electrolyzed together, cyclic utilization of the material can be achieved, aluminum oxide and silicon oxide in the waste lining material are electrolyzed into metal aluminum and metal silicon, aluminum-silicon alloy is generated, and resource utilization is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of aluminum electrolytic cells, and in particular to an aluminum electrolytic cell lining structure and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Industrial aluminum electrolytic cell is the main equipment for electrolytic production of aluminum. Its cathode part is a cradle-like steel tank shell, and the interior is made of thermal insulation materials, heat insulation materials, anti-seepage layer and carbon materials, collectively referred to as the bottom lining. At present, the commonly used thermal insulation and heat insulation materials include clay bricks, asbestos boards, calcium silicate boards, aluminum silicate boards, diatomaceous earth bricks, alumina, various nano insulation boards, refractory particles, etc.

[0003] The Chinese patent application number is 202410144448.4, which is an aluminum electrolytic cell lining structure and an aluminum electrolysis system. The aluminum electrolytic cell lining structure includes a composite carbon block, a thermal insulation part and a ramming paste. The composite carbon block is provided with a first side facing the aluminum liquid, a second side facing the cathode carbon block and a third side connected to the side heat exchange device. The second side is connected to the cathode carbon block through the ramming paste. The thermal insulation part is arranged below the composite carbon block and connected to the cathode carbon block through the ramming paste. The top of the ramming paste is arranged lower than or equal to the top of the cathode carbon block. However, when the device is in use, floating impurities in the gaps of the anode carbon block are difficult to clean.

[0004] A lining structure and an aluminum electrolytic cell having the lining structure with Chinese patent application number 201910368117.8, including a groove side and a groove bottom, the bottom surface of the groove bottom is inclined to one side, and a polyaluminum groove is provided on the lower side which is concave relative to the groove bottom surface. The groove side is spliced ​​with a side inner carbon block and a side special-shaped carbon block and fixed by masonry of high-aluminum bricks and high-strength castables, wherein the side inner carbon block is located at the upper part, and the side special-shaped carbon block is located at the lower part and covers the melt area on the side of the aluminum electrolytic cell in the vertical direction. However, during the use of the device, a cavity will be formed when alumina and cryolite powder fall, thereby slowing down their falling efficiency, which is easy to affect the electrolysis efficiency.

[0005] During the heating and electrolytic reaction in the aluminum electrolytic cell, the mixture of alumina powder and cryolite often melts into liquid at the bottom first. As the heating progresses, gaps will appear between the upper mixture and the liquid mixture. Therefore, as the heating progresses, the mixture needs to be manually unloaded, which is time-consuming, labor-intensive and dangerous. In addition, as the electrolytic reaction proceeds, impurities will float on the surface of the liquid mixture. The presence of floating impurities will slow down the efficiency of the electrolytic reaction, so it is necessary to manually clean the floating impurities. At the same time, it is difficult for workers to perform auxiliary unloading and clean the floating impurities in the gaps between the anode carbon blocks. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an aluminum electrolytic cell lining structure and a method for using the same.

[0007] The aluminum electrolytic cell lining structure of the present invention comprises an inner lining shell, an anode electrolysis device is arranged at the upper end of the inner lining shell, an exhaust device is arranged on the anode electrolysis device, an auxiliary material discharge device is arranged in the inner lining shell, and a pressure sensor is arranged at the bottom end of the inner lining shell; The auxiliary unloading device includes a mounting rod, a ring sleeve is slidably provided on the mounting rod, a mounting ring is rotatably provided on one side where two of the ring sleeves are close to each other, a scraper is provided at the lower end of the mounting ring, a spiral rod is provided on one side where the two mounting rings are close to each other, the two spiral rods cooperate with each other, an elastic ball is provided on the side of the ring sleeve close to the mounting ring, a protrusion is provided on the inner side of the ring sleeve, expansion balls are evenly provided on the mounting rod, a channel is provided in the mounting rod, the channel is connected to the expansion ball, electromagnets are provided on both sides of the mounting rod, the electromagnets are provided at the side walls of the inner substrate shell, and a piston plate is provided in the channel.

[0008] By setting up components such as an electromagnet, a ring sleeve, a bump, a scraper and an expansion ball, when the value growth rate of the pressure sensor slows down and is less than a threshold value a, in the process of heating the inner substrate shell to melt the alumina and cryolite powder, the ring sleeve is moved along the mounting rod with the assistance of the electromagnet, so that the bump and the expansion ball collide to generate vibration, and the scraper is rotated with the assistance of two spiral rods, and auxiliary feeding is performed with the cooperation of vibration and the scraper, thereby improving the melting efficiency of the alumina and cryolite powder. Then, in the process of electrolysis reaction, when the detection value of the pressure sensor is less than the threshold value b, the scraper is deflected more than 90 degrees by increasing the current of the electromagnet, so that the scraper is stuck by the elastic ball and forms a horizontal state. At this time, as the ring sleeve moves toward the electromagnet, the scraper can scrape out floating impurities in the gap between the two anode carbon blocks, thereby improving the convenience of equipment use.

[0009] Preferably, a high temperature resistant liquid is arranged in the channel, a slide groove is arranged on the outer side of the mounting rod, a slider is arranged on the inner side of the ring sleeve, the slider slides and limits in the slide groove, and the ring sleeve is a magnet ring.

[0010] Preferably, the mounting rod is inserted into the inner substrate shell, the side end of the mounting rod is provided with an opening, the inner substrate shell is provided with a vent at the side end of the mounting rod, the vent is connected to the opening, a damping rod is provided between the piston plate and the mounting rod, and the piston plate is made of high temperature resistant permanent magnetic material.

[0011] Preferably, a cathode steel rod socket is provided at the lower end of the inner substrate shell side, and there are multiple cathode steel rod sockets, each of which is provided with a cathode steel rod, and a bottom carbon block is provided at the bottom end of the inner substrate shell, and the bottom carbon block is located at the top of the cathode steel rod.

[0012] Preferably, the inner side wall of the inner substrate shell is provided with side carbon blocks and insulating blocks, the insulating blocks are located between the side carbon blocks and the inner substrate shell, and the inner bottom of the inner substrate shell is also provided with bottom insulation and refractory plates, and the bottom insulation and refractory plates are located at the lower end of the cathode steel rod.

[0013] Preferably, a thermal insulation layer and an anti-seepage layer are further provided in the inner lining shell, and the thermal insulation layer and the anti-seepage layer are made of pure alumina thermal insulation bricks and alumina powder.

[0014] Preferably, the anode electrolysis device comprises a mounting frame, an anode steel rod is arranged on the mounting frame, an anode carbon block is arranged at the lower end of the anode steel rod, the lower end of the anode carbon block is located in the inner substrate shell, and the mounting rod is located in the gap between the two anode carbon blocks; The exhaust device comprises an exhaust pipe, and the exhaust pipe is arranged on a mounting frame, and a plurality of the exhaust pipes are arranged.

[0015] The present invention also provides a method for using the aluminum electrolytic cell lining structure, comprising the following steps: Step 1: After the alumina powder and cryolite are pre-mixed, the mixture is piled in the inner lining shell, and then the inner lining shell is heated by energizing the equipment. As the heating proceeds, the mixture gradually melts to form a liquid state, and the liquid accumulates on the bottom carbon block in the inner lining shell. As the mixture gradually melts, the liquid level in the inner lining shell gradually rises; Step 2: During the heating process of step 1, the melting degree of alumina and cryolite powder can be indirectly detected with the assistance of a pressure sensor. When the numerical growth rate of the pressure sensor slows down and is less than a threshold value a, the auxiliary feeding device is started to assist in feeding alumina and cryolite powder to improve their melting efficiency. Step 3: After the liquid level rises to the middle of the anode carbon block, the anode electrolysis device and the cathode electrolysis device electrolyze the liquid alumina and cryolite, and exhaust the gas through the exhaust device; Step 4: During the electrolysis reaction in step 3, when the detection value of the pressure sensor is less than the threshold value b, it indicates that the electrolysis reaction is nearing the end. At this time, the floating impurities in the gap between the two anode carbon blocks are scraped out with the assistance of the auxiliary unloading device.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention is provided with components such as an electromagnet, a ring sleeve, a protrusion, a scraper and an expansion ball. When the numerical growth rate of the pressure sensor slows down and is less than a threshold value a, in the process of heating the inner substrate shell to melt the alumina and cryolite powder, the ring sleeve is moved along the mounting rod with the assistance of the electromagnet, so that the protrusion and the expansion ball collide to generate vibration, and the scraper is rotated with the assistance of two spiral rods. Auxiliary material feeding is performed with the cooperation of vibration and the scraper, thereby improving the melting efficiency of the alumina and cryolite powder.

[0017] 2. The present invention is provided with components such as an electromagnet, a ring sleeve, a protrusion, a scraper and an expansion ball. During the electrolysis reaction, when the detection value of the pressure sensor is less than the threshold value b, the scraper is deflected by more than 90 degrees by increasing the current of the electromagnet, so that the scraper is stuck by the elastic ball and forms a horizontal state. At this time, as the ring sleeve moves toward the electromagnet, the scraper can scrape out the floating impurities in the gap between the two anode carbon blocks, thereby improving the convenience of using the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the inner substrate shell of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the anode electrolysis device of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the auxiliary unloading device of the present invention; Figure 5 The present invention Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at A in the middle; Figure 6 The present invention Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at B in the middle; Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of components such as the electromagnet and the piston plate of the present invention.

[0019] Figure numerals: 1, inner substrate shell; 2, anode electrolysis device; 3, exhaust device; 4, auxiliary unloading device; 101, vent; 102, cathode steel rod socket; 201, mounting frame; 202, anode steel rod; 203, anode carbon block; 301, exhaust pipe; 401, mounting rod; 402, ring sleeve; 403, mounting ring; 404, scraper; 405, elastic ball; 406, bump; 407, expansion ball; 408, channel; 409, electromagnet; 410, piston plate; 411, slide groove; 412, slider; 413, opening; 414, damping rod; 415, screw rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully below with reference to the relevant drawings. The present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the disclosure of the present invention more thorough and comprehensive.

[0021] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, an aluminum electrolytic cell lining structure of the present invention comprises an inner substrate shell 1, an anode electrolysis device 2 is arranged at the upper end of the inner substrate shell 1, an exhaust device 3 is arranged on the anode electrolysis device 2, a cathode electrolysis device is installed in the inner substrate shell 1, raw materials such as alumina powder and cryolite are heated and melted in the inner substrate shell 1, wherein the heat in the inner substrate shell 1 comes from the large current and voltage between the cathode electrolysis device and the anode electrolysis device 2 after power is turned on, after the cathode electrolysis device and the anode electrolysis device 2 are powered on, aluminum will be generated at the cathode electrolysis device, and oxygen will be generated at the anode electrolysis device 2, and since there is high temperature in the inner substrate shell 1 and carbon blocks are present in both the cathode electrolysis device and the anode electrolysis device 2, the oxygen generated at the anode electrolysis device 2 is easy to react with the carbon blocks at high temperature to generate carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, and movable cover plates are installed on both sides of the anode electrolysis device 2 of the inner substrate shell 1, so that gases such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide generated at the anode electrolysis device 2 can be discharged through the exhaust device 3, thereby improving the effect of equipment use.

[0022] A cathode steel rod socket 102 is provided at the lower end of the inner substrate shell 1, and there are multiple cathode steel rod sockets 102. A cathode steel rod is provided in each cathode steel rod socket 102. A bottom carbon block is provided at the bottom end of the inner substrate shell 1, and the bottom carbon block is located on the top of the cathode steel rod. The cathode steel rod is installed and limited with the assistance of the cathode steel rod socket 102, so that the cathode steel rods in the inner substrate shell 1 can be evenly arranged, which is beneficial to making the electrolysis reaction in the inner substrate shell 1 better. The aluminum generated by the electrolysis reaction will be located on the upper end of the bottom carbon block.

[0023] The inner wall of the inner substrate shell 1 is provided with side carbon blocks and insulating blocks, and the insulating blocks are located between the side carbon blocks and the inner substrate shell 1. The inner bottom of the inner substrate shell 1 is also provided with a tank bottom insulation and a refractory plate, and the tank bottom insulation and the refractory plate are located at the lower end of the cathode steel rod. The bottom carbon blocks and the side carbon blocks can increase the area of ​​the cathode, thereby increasing the electrolysis area of ​​the cathode, thereby increasing the aluminum production efficiency. The insulating blocks are used to avoid current leakage and protect the safety of workers. The tank bottom insulation and the refractory plate can effectively protect the inside of the inner substrate shell 1, reduce heat leakage, and improve energy utilization efficiency.

[0024] An insulation layer and an anti-seepage layer are also provided in the inner lining shell 1. The insulation layer and the anti-seepage layer are made of pure alumina insulation bricks and alumina powder. The use of pure alumina insulation bricks and alumina powder in the insulation layer and the anti-seepage layer of the electrolytic cell can improve the anti-seepage effect of the electrolytic cell lining, and can increase the proportion of alumina content in the total structural material of the electrolytic cell lining, so that the effect of treating the waste lining of the electrolytic cell by electrolysis is better.

[0025] The anode electrolysis device 2 includes a mounting frame 201, on which an anode steel rod 202 is arranged, and an anode carbon block 203 is arranged at the lower end of the anode steel rod 202, and the lower end of the anode carbon block 203 is located in the inner substrate shell 1, and the mounting rod 401 is located in the gap between the two anode carbon blocks 203. The anode steel rod 202 is evenly arranged on the mounting frame 201, and the anode carbon block 203 is inserted into the liquid in the inner substrate shell 1. During the electrolysis process, the part of the anode carbon block 203 located under the liquid in the inner substrate shell 1 will generate oxygen, and due to the high temperature, the oxygen will react with the anode carbon block 203 to generate gases such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.

[0026] The exhaust device 3 includes an exhaust pipe 301, which is arranged on the mounting frame 201. There are multiple exhaust pipes 301. The gas generated at the anode carbon block 203 will be discharged upward through the exhaust pipe 301, so as to avoid the direct discharge of gases such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide to the periphery of the aluminum electrolytic cell, thereby preventing the workers from being poisoned by carbon monoxide, thereby improving the safety of the equipment.

[0027] During the use of the present invention, the dismantled waste lining material is firstly coarsely crushed by a jaw crusher, and then the coarsely crushed waste lining material is ground by a ball mill, so that the grinding accuracy of the waste lining material is 150 microns. After the accuracy of the ground waste lining material reaches 150 microns, the alumina content of the lining waste is adjusted, and industrial-grade alumina is added and mixed according to the alumina content of the ground lining waste, so that the alumina content ratio of the mixed material reaches 70%-90%. Then, the electrolytic cell is configured. , the cathode and anode of the electrolytic cell are made of carbon material, and the electrolyte is cryolite. The mixture is piled in the inner substrate shell 1, and the top of the mixture will be higher than the top of the anode carbon block 203. Then the equipment is powered on, and the current intensity is set to 100-700KA, the voltage is 3.5-3.8V, and the electrolyte temperature is 900-1000 degrees Celsius. As the heating proceeds, the mixture will gradually melt to form a liquid, and the liquid will accumulate on the bottom carbon block in the inner substrate shell 1. As the mixture gradually melts, the liquid level in the inner substrate shell 1 gradually rises.

[0028] As the electrolysis proceeds, harmful components of cyanide are decomposed into harmless components, and metal oxides are reduced to metal components to obtain aluminum-based alloy products. The bottom carbon block and the side carbon block as the cathode area will generate aluminum. Due to the high temperature in the inner substrate shell 1, the aluminum generated by the bottom carbon block and the side carbon block is liquid, and the liquid aluminum will be located at the lower end of the inner substrate shell 1. Oxygen will be generated at the anode carbon block 203 due to the electrolysis reaction. Due to the high temperature, the oxygen generated at the anode carbon block 203 is easy to react with the anode carbon block 203 to generate gases such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. The generated gas will be discharged through the exhaust pipe 301 to ensure the smooth progress of the reaction in the aluminum electrolytic cell.

[0029] The waste lining materials of aluminum electrolytic cells after use contain a large amount of fluoride, which is harmful to the environment. When the waste lining materials are added into the electrolytic cell for electrolysis, the materials can be recycled, and the aluminum oxide and silicon oxide in the waste lining materials are electrolyzed into metallic aluminum and metallic silicon to generate aluminum-silicon alloy, thus realizing resource utilization.

[0030] During the heating and electrolytic reaction in the aluminum electrolytic cell, the mixture of alumina powder and cryolite often melts into liquid at the bottom first. As the heating progresses, a gap will be generated between the upper mixture and the liquid mixture. Therefore, as the heating progresses, it is necessary to manually assist in unloading the mixture, which is time-consuming, labor-intensive and dangerous. In addition, as the electrolytic reaction proceeds, impurities will float on the surface of the liquid mixture. The presence of floating impurities will slow down the efficiency of the electrolytic reaction, so it is necessary to manually clean the floating impurities. At the same time, it is difficult for workers to assist in unloading and clean the floating impurities in the gaps between the anode carbon blocks 203. For this reason, the following technical solutions are proposed: like Figures 1 to 7As shown, an auxiliary feeding device 4 is arranged inside the inner substrate shell 1, a pressure sensor is arranged at the bottom end of the inner substrate shell 1, the auxiliary feeding device 4 comprises a mounting rod 401, a ring sleeve 402 is slidably arranged on the mounting rod 401, a mounting ring 403 is rotatably arranged on the side where two ring sleeves 402 are close to each other, a scraper 404 is arranged at the lower end of the mounting ring 403, a spiral rod 415 is arranged on the side where the two mounting rings 403 are close to each other, and the two spiral rods 415 cooperate with each other, when the ring sleeve 402 slides along the mounting rod 401, the ring sleeve 402 will enter the gap between the two anode carbon blocks 203, which is conducive to making The mixture in the interval between the two anode carbon blocks 203 falls and melts. When the ring sleeve 402 moves with the scraper 404 through the mounting ring 403, the scraper 404 can stir the molten liquid alumina at the lower end to make it heat more evenly, which is beneficial to the electrolysis reaction. When the two ring sleeves 402 are close to each other, the mounting ring 403 is rotated through the cooperation of the two spiral rods 415, so that the scraper 404 is deflected. When the scraper 404 is deflected, it will knock the surrounding mixture, which is beneficial to the falling of the mixture. The pressure sensor can detect the amount of liquid alumina in the inner substrate shell 1.

[0031] The side of the ring sleeve 402 close to the mounting ring 403 is provided with an elastic ball 405, the inner side of the ring sleeve 402 is provided with a convex block 406, the mounting rod 401 is evenly provided with expansion balls 407, the mounting rod 401 is provided with a channel 408, the channel 408 is connected with the expansion ball 407, both sides of the mounting rod 401 are provided with an electromagnet 409, the electromagnet 409 is arranged at the side wall of the inner substrate shell 1, and a piston plate 410 is arranged in the channel 408. During the scraper 404 moves beyond the elastic ball 405, the scraper 404 will be limited by the elastic ball 405, so that the scraper 404 cannot be rotated down to a vertical state, and the parallel scraper 404 can scrape off the impurities floating on the surface of the aluminum liquid when the ring sleeve 402 moves, and when the ring sleeve 402 moves on the mounting rod 401, the protrusion 406 will collide with the expansion ball 407 to generate vibration, which is helpful for the mixed material to be discharged with the assistance of vibration, thereby improving the convenience of equipment use.

[0032] A high temperature resistant liquid is arranged in the channel 408, a slide groove 411 is arranged on the outer side of the mounting rod 401, and a slider 412 is arranged on the inner side of the ring sleeve 402. The slider 412 slides and limits in the slide groove 411. The ring sleeve 402 is a magnet ring. When the electromagnet 409 is energized, magnetism will be generated. A magnetic repulsion force will be generated between the electromagnet 409 and the ring sleeve 402. Under the action of the magnetic repulsion force, the ring sleeve 402 will move along the mounting rod 401 in the direction away from the electromagnet 409. After the direction of the current flowing through the electromagnet 409 is changed, a magnetic attraction force will be generated between the electromagnet 409 and the ring sleeve 402, thereby causing the ring sleeve 402 to move along the mounting rod 401 in the direction close to the electromagnet 409.

[0033] The mounting rod 401 is inserted into the inner substrate shell 1, and an opening 413 is provided at the side end of the mounting rod 401. The inner substrate shell 1 is provided with a vent 101 at the side end of the mounting rod 401, and the vent 101 is communicated with the opening 413. A damping rod 414 is provided between the piston plate 410 and the mounting rod 401. The piston plate 410 is made of high-temperature resistant permanent magnetic material. After the electromagnet 409 is energized, a magnetic attraction will be generated between the electromagnet 409 and the piston plate 410. Under the action of the magnetic attraction, the piston plate 410 moves in the direction of the electromagnet 409. When the piston plate 410 moves, the high-temperature resistant liquid in the channel 408 is pressed into the expansion ball 407, thereby making the expansion ball 407 bulge. At this time, as the ring sleeve 402 moves, the convex block 406 and the expansion ball 407 will generate vibration, and the vibration is assisted to facilitate the falling of the pushed alumina and cryolite powder.

[0034] During use of the present invention, the pre-mixed alumina and cryolite powder raw materials are piled on the upper end of the inner substrate shell 1, and then the movable cover plate is covered between the inner substrate shell 1 and the anode electrolysis device 2. After power is turned on, the raw materials in the inner substrate shell 1 will be heated and melted. During this process, the pressure sensor will detect the mass of the raw materials that have become liquid in the inner substrate shell 1, so the detection value of the pressure sensor will gradually increase.

[0035] As the heating progresses, a cavity will appear at the bottom of the stacked raw materials. At this time, the rate at which the raw materials fall into the liquid raw materials will slow down, so the value growth rate of the pressure sensor will slow down. When the value growth rate of the pressure sensor slows down and is less than the threshold a (the threshold a depends on the length and width of the aluminum electrolytic cell), the electromagnet 409 starts to be energized, and the electromagnet 409 is energized alternately in the forward direction and the reverse direction.

[0036] When the electromagnet 409 is energized in the forward direction, a magnetic repulsive force is generated between the electromagnet 409 and the ring sleeve 402, causing the ring sleeve 402 to move along the mounting rod 401 in a direction away from the electromagnet 409. During the movement of the ring sleeve 402 along the mounting rod 401, the ring sleeve 402 can push the suspended alumina and cryolite powders, thereby facilitating the alumina and cryolite powders to fall into the inner substrate shell 1 so that they can be heated and melted.

[0037] When the two ring sleeves 402 move toward each other to the middle of the mounting rod 401, the two spiral rods 415 will engage with each other, so that the mounting ring 403 will rotate. When the mounting ring 403 rotates, the scraper 404 will rotate, and the rotation of the scraper 404 will knock the suspended alumina and cryolite powder, which will help the alumina and cryolite powder in the middle of the mounting rod 401 to fall into the inner substrate shell 1.

[0038] When the electromagnet 409 is reversely energized, a magnetic attraction force is generated between the electromagnet 409 and the ring 402 , so the ring 402 moves along the mounting rod 401 toward the electromagnet 409 , so that the ring 402 returns to the electromagnet 409 .

[0039] During the movement of the ring sleeve 402, the scraper 404 will stir the melted alumina and cryolite to make them heated more evenly, which is beneficial to the rapid melting of alumina and cryolite and the improvement of the efficiency of the subsequent electrolytic reaction.

[0040] When the electromagnet 409 is energized, a magnetic attraction force is generated between the electromagnet 409 and the piston plate 410, so that the piston plate 410 overcomes the action of the damping rod 414 and moves toward the direction of the electromagnet 409. When the piston plate 410 moves, the high-temperature resistant liquid in the channel 408 is pressed into the expansion ball 407, so that the expansion ball 407 bulges. At this time, as the ring sleeve 402 moves, the bulge 406 and the expansion ball 407 will generate vibration, which is helpful to make the pushed alumina and cryolite powder fall with the assistance of vibration.

[0041] After the liquid level rises to the middle of the anode carbon block 203, direct current is passed through the anode electrolysis device 2 and the cathode electrolysis device. After the direct current is passed through, the anode carbon block 203, the bottom carbon block and the side carbon block will electrolyze the liquid alumina in the inner substrate shell 1. The bottom carbon block and the side carbon block will generate aluminum as the cathode area. Due to the high temperature in the inner substrate shell 1, the aluminum generated by the bottom carbon block and the side carbon block is liquid, and the liquid aluminum will be located at the lower end of the inner substrate shell 1, and oxygen will be generated at the anode carbon block 203 due to the electrolysis reaction. Due to the effect of high temperature, the oxygen generated at the anode carbon block 203 is easy to react with the anode carbon block 203 to generate gases such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. The generated gas will be discharged through the exhaust pipe 301 to ensure the smooth progress of the reaction in the aluminum electrolytic cell.

[0042] As the electrolysis reaction proceeds, the detection value of the pressure sensor at the bottom of the inner substrate shell 1 will gradually decrease. When the detection value of the pressure sensor is less than the threshold value b (the threshold value b depends on the size of the aluminum electrolytic cell), it indicates that the electrolysis reaction is nearing the end. At this time, a layer of impurities will float on the surface of the liquid inside the inner substrate shell 1. Therefore, the equipment will increase the current of the electromagnet 409, so that the speed at which the two rings 402 approach each other will increase. Therefore, when the two spiral rods 415 cooperate, the rotation of the mounting ring 403 will exceed 90 degrees, so that the scraper 404 can pass over the elastic ball 405. Therefore, when the two rings 402 move back to back, the scraper 404 will not fall to a vertical state. When the rings 402 move toward the electromagnet 409, the scraper 404 will maintain a horizontal posture. Therefore, when the scraper 404 moves with the rings 402, the scraper 404 will scrape out the impurities in the gap between the two anode carbon blocks 203, which is conducive to workers cleaning the floating impurities and improving the effect of equipment use.

[0043] When the length and width of the opening above the aluminum electrolysis cell are smaller, it is easier to form a cavity when the raw materials are fed in. When the size of the aluminum electrolysis cell is larger, more raw materials can be added to the aluminum electrolysis cell. Therefore, the threshold a depends on the length and width of the opening above the aluminum electrolysis cell, and the threshold b depends on the size of the aluminum electrolysis cell.

[0044] The present invention also provides a method for using the aluminum electrolytic cell lining structure, comprising the following steps: Step 1: After the alumina powder and cryolite are pre-mixed, the mixture is piled in the inner substrate shell 1, and then the inner substrate shell 1 is heated by energizing the equipment. As the heating proceeds, the mixture gradually melts to form a liquid state, and the liquid accumulates on the bottom carbon block in the inner substrate shell 1. As the mixture gradually melts, the liquid level in the inner substrate shell 1 gradually rises; Step 2: During the heating process of step 1, the melting degree of alumina and cryolite powder can be indirectly detected with the assistance of a pressure sensor. When the value growth rate of the pressure sensor slows down and is less than the threshold value a, the auxiliary feeding device 4 is started to perform auxiliary feeding of alumina and cryolite powder to improve its melting efficiency. Step 3: After the liquid level rises to the middle of the anode carbon block 203, the anode electrolysis device 2 and the cathode electrolysis device electrolyze the liquid alumina and cryolite, and exhaust the gas through the exhaust device 3; Step 4: During the electrolysis reaction in step 3, when the detection value of the pressure sensor is less than the threshold value b, it indicates that the electrolysis reaction is nearing the end. At this time, the floating impurities in the gap between the two anode carbon blocks 203 are scraped out with the assistance of the auxiliary unloading device 4.

[0045] The main functions of the present invention are as follows: by setting up components such as the electromagnet 409, the ring 402, the protrusion 406, the scraper 404 and the expansion ball 407, when the value growth rate of the pressure sensor slows down and is less than the threshold value a, in the process of heating the inner substrate shell 1 to melt the aluminum oxide and cryolite powder, the ring 402 is moved along the mounting rod 401 with the assistance of the electromagnet 409, so that the protrusion 406 and the expansion ball 407 collide and vibrate, and the scraper 404 is rotated with the assistance of the two screw rods 415. 405. Auxiliary feeding is carried out with the cooperation of the electromagnet 409, thereby improving the melting efficiency of alumina and cryolite powder. Then, during the electrolysis reaction, when the detection value of the pressure sensor is less than the threshold value b, the scraper 404 is deflected more than 90 degrees by increasing the current of the electromagnet 409, so that the scraper 404 is stuck by the elastic ball 405, and the scraper 404 forms a horizontal state. At this time, as the ring sleeve 402 moves toward the direction of the electromagnet 409, the scraper 404 can scrape out the floating impurities in the gap between the two anode carbon blocks 203, thereby improving the convenience of equipment use.

[0046] The installation method, connection method or setting method of the aluminum electrolytic cell lining structure of the present invention are all common mechanical methods, and can be implemented as long as they can achieve their beneficial effects.

[0047] All technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the present invention. The terms used in the specification of the present invention herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.

[0048] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An aluminum electrolytic cell lining structure, comprising an inner lining shell (1), characterized in that: An anode electrolysis device (2) is arranged at the upper end of the inner substrate shell (1), an exhaust device (3) is arranged on the anode electrolysis device (2), an auxiliary material discharge device (4) is arranged inside the inner substrate shell (1), and a pressure sensor is arranged at the bottom end of the inner substrate shell (1); The auxiliary unloading device (4) comprises a mounting rod (401), a ring sleeve (402) is slidably provided on the mounting rod (401), a mounting ring (403) is rotatably provided on the side where two of the ring sleeves (402) are close to each other, a scraper (404) is provided at the lower end of the mounting ring (403), a spiral rod (415) is provided on the side where the two mounting rings (403) are close to each other, the two spiral rods (415) cooperate with each other, and the ring sleeve (402) is provided on the side close to the mounting ring (403). The mounting rod (401) is provided with an elastic ball (405), a convex block (406) is arranged on the inner side of the ring sleeve (402), expansion balls (407) are evenly arranged on the mounting rod (401), a channel (408) is arranged in the mounting rod (401), the channel (408) is connected with the expansion ball (407), electromagnets (409) are arranged on both sides of the mounting rod (401), the electromagnets (409) are arranged on the side wall of the inner substrate shell (1), and a piston plate (410) is arranged in the channel (408).

2. The aluminum electrolytic cell lining structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A high temperature resistant liquid is arranged in the channel (408), a slide groove (411) is arranged on the outside of the mounting rod (401), a slider (412) is arranged on the inside of the ring sleeve (402), the slider (412) slides and limits in the slide groove (411), and the ring sleeve (402) is a magnet ring.

3. The aluminum electrolytic cell lining structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting rod (401) is inserted into the interior of the inner substrate shell (1); an opening (413) is provided at a side end of the mounting rod (401); a vent (101) is provided at the side end of the inner substrate shell (1); the vent (101) is communicated with the opening (413); a damping rod (414) is provided between the piston plate (410) and the mounting rod (401); and the piston plate (410) is made of a high-temperature resistant permanent magnetic material.

4. The aluminum electrolytic cell lining structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cathode steel rod socket (102) is arranged at the lower end of the inner substrate shell (1), and a plurality of cathode steel rod sockets (102) are arranged, each cathode steel rod socket (102) being provided with a cathode steel rod, and a bottom carbon block is arranged at the bottom end of the inner substrate shell (1), and the bottom carbon block is located at the top of the cathode steel rod.

5. The aluminum electrolytic cell lining structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner side wall of the inner substrate shell (1) is provided with a side carbon block and an insulating block, the insulating block is located between the side carbon block and the inner substrate shell (1), and the inner bottom of the inner substrate shell (1) is also provided with a tank bottom insulation and a fire-resistant plate, the tank bottom insulation and the fire-resistant plate are located at the lower end of the cathode steel rod.

6. The aluminum electrolytic cell lining structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A thermal insulation layer and an anti-seepage layer are also provided inside the inner lining shell (1), and the thermal insulation layer and the anti-seepage layer are made of pure alumina thermal insulation bricks and alumina powder.

7. The aluminum electrolytic cell lining structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anode electrolysis device (2) comprises a mounting frame (201), an anode steel rod (202) is arranged on the mounting frame (201), an anode carbon block (203) is arranged at the lower end of the anode steel rod (202), the lower end of the anode carbon block (203) is located in the inner substrate shell (1), and the mounting rod (401) is located in the gap between two anode carbon blocks (203); The exhaust device (3) comprises an exhaust pipe (301), wherein the exhaust pipe (301) is arranged on a mounting frame (201), and a plurality of the exhaust pipes (301) are arranged.

8. A method for using the aluminum electrolytic cell lining structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: After the aluminum oxide powder and cryolite are pre-mixed, the mixture is piled in the inner substrate shell (1), and then the inner substrate shell (1) is heated by energizing the device. As the heating proceeds, the mixture gradually melts to form a liquid state, and the liquid accumulates on the bottom carbon block in the inner substrate shell (1). As the mixture gradually melts, the liquid level in the inner substrate shell (1) gradually rises; Step 2: During the heating process of step 1, the melting degree of the aluminum oxide and cryolite powders can be indirectly detected with the assistance of a pressure sensor. When the value growth rate of the pressure sensor slows down and is less than a threshold value a, the auxiliary feeding device (4) is started to perform auxiliary feeding of the aluminum oxide and cryolite powders to improve their melting efficiency. Step 3: After the liquid level rises to the middle of the anode carbon block (203), the anode electrolysis device (2) and the cathode electrolysis device electrolyze the liquid alumina and cryolite, and exhaust gas through the exhaust device (3); Step 4: During the electrolysis reaction in step 3, when the detection value of the pressure sensor is less than the threshold value b, it indicates that the electrolysis reaction is nearing the end. At this time, the floating impurities in the gap between the two anode carbon blocks (203) are scraped out with the assistance of the auxiliary unloading device (4).

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