Non-equilibrium reaction wetting behavior analysis device and use method

Abstract

The invention discloses a non-equilibrium reaction wetting behavior analysis device and a use method, belongs to the field of laser intelligent manufacturing, and aims to solve the problem that existing wetting behavior research has limitation. Comprising a laser system and an atmosphere adjusting system, the atmosphere adjusting system comprises a cabin body, the cabin body is a hollow closed shell, a protective lens is arranged on the upper end wall of the cabin body, two coaxial observation windows are arranged on the side wall of the cabin body, a pressure release valve is arranged at the upper end of the cabin body, an external connector is arranged at the bottom of the cabin body, and a lifting platform is arranged in the cabin body. The two observation windows and the base plate are arranged on the test lifting platform, a to-be-melted sample is arranged on the base plate, the laser processing head generates a laser beam, and the laser beam penetrates through the protective lens and forms a laser spot on the to-be-melted sample. The method not only promotes the development of a heterogeneous material laser intelligent manufacturing technology, but also provides powerful support for the progress of related industries, and fills the blank that a traditional wetting behavior monitoring technology is not suitable for the research of an unbalanced state.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of laser intelligent manufacturing, and in particular relates to a non-equilibrium reaction wetting behavior analysis device and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of industrial technology, the use of single traditional materials can no longer meet the growing industrial needs. The use of composite structures made of heterogeneous materials can fully combine the advantages of different materials, which is of great significance in reducing costs, reducing weight, and alleviating resource shortages. In the field of heterogeneous material connection, laser connection is highly favored due to its advantages such as small heat-affected zone, high efficiency, fast and high efficiency. Among them, laser brazing technology, as an improved laser welding technology, can greatly reduce the formation of brittle compounds in the joint, thereby improving the connection quality.

[0003] For the connection of heterogeneous materials, the wetting behavior between materials is a key factor affecting the connection quality. Good wettability means that good metallurgical bonding can occur between materials. Therefore, in the process of heterogeneous material connection, clarifying the wetting characteristics of heterogeneous materials is of great significance for the process development of different material systems. However, most of the current research on wettability is based on isothermal conditions under high vacuum, and its implementation mainly relies on high-temperature wetting furnaces. In terms of wetting, there is a huge difference between the wetting behavior under laser processing and the wetting behavior under isothermal conditions, such as shorter heating time, different atmosphere environments, the use of flux, and strong non-uniform temperature fields. These significant differences have a subversive effect on the wetting behavior during the processing, making it difficult for the relevant theories of traditional isothermal wetting research to describe the laser processing process. In the actual production process, the selection of filling materials, the optimization of process parameters, and the selection of protective atmosphere depend on the workers' own technical experience and a large number of experimental explorations, which leads to the need to consume a lot of manpower and material resources for the process development of different material systems. Therefore, it is very meaningful to carry out research on the non-equilibrium wetting behavior of heterogeneous materials under laser processing. This research has important theoretical guiding significance for the selection of filling materials, optimization of process parameters, selection of protective atmosphere, etc. in the welding process. It can effectively save experimental resources, reduce dependence on workers' experience, improve efficiency, and promote the development of intelligent manufacturing in the heterogeneous material laser welding industry.

[0004] In order to achieve the above goals, it is necessary to develop a device dedicated to the analysis of the non-equilibrium wetting behavior of heterogeneous materials under laser irradiation to overcome the limitations of existing isothermal wetting behavior research. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a non-equilibrium reaction wetting behavior analysis device and a method of use to solve the problem that existing wetting behavior research has limitations. The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A non-equilibrium reaction wetting behavior analysis device, comprising a laser system, an atmosphere adjustment system, a shooting system, a lifting system and a temperature measurement system;

[0007] The atmosphere conditioning system comprises a cabin, which comprises a hollow shell with an upper opening and an upper cover for opening and closing the opening of the hollow shell, the upper cover is provided with a protective lens, an observation assembly is provided on the side wall of the cabin, the observation assembly comprises two observation windows coaxially arranged on both sides of the cabin, a pressure relief valve is provided at the upper end of the cabin, and an external interface is provided at the bottom of the cabin;

[0008] The lifting system comprises a test lifting platform and two external lifting brackets, wherein the lifting platform is arranged inside the cabin, the lifting platform is located below the protective lens, and the lifting platform is located between the two observation windows, and the external lifting brackets are arranged outside the cabin;

[0009] The shooting system includes an industrial camera and a background light source, which are respectively arranged on two external lifting brackets, and the industrial camera and the background light source are respectively facing two observation windows;

[0010] The temperature measurement system includes a temperature sensor, and the temperature sensor is electrically connected to the industrial control machine;

[0011] The laser system includes a laser and a laser processing head connected to the laser. A substrate is arranged on a test lifting platform, a sample to be melted is arranged on the substrate, and the laser processing head generates a laser beam, which passes through a protective lens and forms a laser spot on the sample to be melted.

[0012] Furthermore, the laser is one of a fiber laser, a semiconductor laser, and a CO2 laser, and the laser spot is one of a swinging spot, a ring spot, a ring core spot, and a multi-mode complex spot.

[0013] Furthermore, the cabin is an aluminum cabin, a steel cabin or an acrylic cabin.

[0014] Furthermore, the external interface is connected to a gas cylinder or a vacuum pump. When the external interface is connected to the gas cylinder, argon, helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide or a mixed gas is provided in the gas cylinder; when the external interface is connected to the vacuum pump, the vacuum pump has a pumping rate of 3L / min-20L / min.

[0015] Furthermore, the substrate is circular or rectangular, the thickness of the substrate is 5mm-10mm, when the substrate is circular, the diameter of the substrate is 10mm-40mm, when the substrate is rectangular, the side length of the substrate is 10mm-40mm, the sample to be melted is a sphere, a cylinder, a cube or a cuboid, when the sample to be melted is a sphere, the diameter of the sample to be melted is 2mm-5mm; when the sample to be melted is a cylinder, the diameter of the sample to be melted is 2mm-5mm, and the height is 1mm-5mm; when the sample to be melted is a cube, the side length of the sample to be melted is 2mm-5mm; when the sample to be melted is a cuboid, the length of the sample to be melted is 2mm-5mm, the width of the sample to be melted is consistent with the length, and the height of the sample to be melted is 1mm-5mm, and the melting point of the substrate is at least 200 degrees Celsius higher than the melting point of the sample to be melted.

[0016] Furthermore, the background light source is a xenon lamp or a laser generator. When the background light source is a xenon lamp, the power range is 50W-300W. When the background light source is a laser generator, the power range is 10W-30W. The wavelength of the background light source is 532nm or 808nm.

[0017] Furthermore, the industrial camera is an industrial CCD camera, a high-speed camera or an infrared camera. When the industrial camera is an industrial CCD camera, the frame rate range of the industrial camera is 15 frames / second to 100 frames / second, and the industrial camera is provided with a bandpass filter, and the filtered wavelength of the bandpass filter is 532nm or 808nm; when the industrial camera is a high-speed camera, the frame rate range of the industrial camera is 200 frames / second to 1000 frames / second, and the industrial camera is provided with a bandpass filter, and the filtered wavelength of the bandpass filter is 532nm or 808nm; when the industrial camera is an infrared camera, the frame rate range of the industrial camera is 15 frames / second to 30 frames / second.

[0018] Furthermore, the temperature sensor is a contact sensor or a non-contact sensor. When the temperature sensor is a contact sensor, the temperature sensor is fixed inside the cabin to measure the interface temperature between the sample to be melted and the substrate under the action of the laser; when the temperature sensor is a non-contact sensor, the temperature sensor is fixed on the test lifting platform, and the temperature sensor measures the surface temperature of the sample to be melted through the observation window.

[0019] Furthermore, the observation components and the shooting systems are each divided into two groups, and there are four external lifting brackets. The observation windows of the two groups of observation components are arranged vertically, and the two groups of shooting systems correspond to the two groups of observation components one by one. The four external lifting brackets are divided into two groups of two, and the two groups of shooting systems are correspondingly arranged on the two groups of external lifting brackets.

[0020] The present invention also provides a method for using a non-equilibrium reaction wetting behavior analysis device, which is implemented based on the above-mentioned non-equilibrium reaction wetting behavior analysis device and includes the following steps:

[0021] Step 1: Open the device cabin, place the substrate and the sample to be melted on the test lifting platform, and adjust the test lifting platform and the external lifting bracket so that the upper surface of the sample to be melted, the background light source and the industrial camera are in the same straight line;

[0022] Step 2: Close the device cabin and evacuate or inflate the cabin through the external interface;

[0023] Step 3: Start the laser, the laser processing head generates a laser beam, the laser beam forms a laser spot on the sample to be melted, and the laser power and defocus of the laser are adjusted. The adjustment range of the laser power is 100W-5000W, and the adjustment range of the defocus is -20mm~+40mm. The laser beam is continuously output to make the sample to be melted spread after melting. The melting and spreading process of the sample to be melted is recorded in real time by an industrial camera and a temperature sensor for subsequent analysis.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] The present invention proposes a non-equilibrium reaction wetting behavior analysis device for studying the non-equilibrium wetting behavior of heterogeneous materials under laser irradiation. This device fills the gap that traditional wetting behavior monitoring technology is not suitable for the study of non-equilibrium state. The device has a wide range of applications, including various heterogeneous material systems such as metal and metal, metal and ceramic, resin and metal, etc., showing excellent material applicability. In addition, the present invention has a high degree of flexibility and can meet the test optimization requirements of multiple variables such as laser equipment, processing parameters, gas environment, etc. according to specific research needs. By optimizing the shooting system and the temperature measurement system, the laser interference is effectively shielded, thereby achieving high-quality data acquisition of multiple angles and multiple signals during the wetting process, ensuring the high reliability of the data. It has important theoretical guiding significance for the selection of filling materials, optimization of process parameters, selection of protective atmosphere, etc. in the welding process. The optimization of the above parameters can be achieved without a large number of process tests, which is of great significance for saving test resources and improving efficiency. Therefore, the present invention not only promotes the development of laser intelligent manufacturing technology of heterogeneous materials, but also provides strong support for the progress of related industries. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the device of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is the first actual research situation of the present invention, the state of wetting behavior after irradiation;

[0028] Figure 3This is the second actual research situation of the present invention, the wetting behavior state recorded by an industrial camera after irradiation;

[0029] Figure 4 This is the second actual research situation of the present invention, and the wetting behavior state recorded by another industrial camera after irradiation.

[0030] In the figure, 11. laser processing head, 12. laser beam, 21. cabin, 22. observation window, 23. protective lens, 24. pressure relief valve, 25. external interface, 31. industrial camera, 32. background light source, 41. test lifting platform, 42. external lifting bracket, 51. substrate, 52. sample to be melted. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is described below by the specific embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are only exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, in the following description, the description of well-known structures and technologies is omitted to avoid unnecessary confusion of the concept of the present invention.

[0032] The connection mentioned in the present invention is divided into fixed connection and detachable connection. The fixed connection is a non-detachable connection including but not limited to conventional fixed connection methods such as folding connection, rivet connection, bonding connection and welding connection. The detachable connection includes but not limited to conventional detachable methods such as bolt connection, snap connection, pin connection and hinge connection. When the specific connection method is not clearly defined, it is assumed that at least one connection method can be found in the existing connection methods to achieve the function, and those skilled in the art can choose according to their needs. For example: welding connection is selected for fixed connection, and bolt connection is selected for detachable connection.

[0033] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are provided to explain the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0034] Embodiment 1: Figure 1 As shown, a non-equilibrium reaction wetting behavior analysis device includes a laser system, an atmosphere adjustment system, a shooting system, a lifting system and a temperature measurement system;

[0035] The atmosphere adjustment system comprises a cabin 21, the cabin 21 comprises a hollow shell with an upper opening and an upper cover for opening and closing the opening of the hollow shell, the upper cover is provided with a protective lens 23, an observation assembly is provided on the side wall of the cabin 21, the observation assembly comprises two observation windows 22 coaxially arranged on both sides of the cabin 21, a pressure relief valve 24 is provided at the upper end of the cabin 21, and an external interface 25 is provided at the bottom of the cabin 21, and the atmosphere adjustment system is used to adjust the environment;

[0036] The lifting system includes a test lifting platform 41 and two external lifting brackets 42. The lifting platform 41 is arranged in the cabin 21, the lifting platform 41 is located below the protective lens 23, and the lifting platform 41 is located between the two observation windows 22. The external lifting brackets 42 are arranged outside the cabin 21, and the two observation windows 22 correspond to the two external lifting brackets 42 one by one. The test lifting platform 41 is driven to lift by a servo motor, and the external lifting brackets 42 include a base, a lower support, an upper support and a top plate. The upper end of the upper support is connected to the top plate, and the lower end of the lower support is connected to the base. The base is connected to the cabin 21, and the upper support and the lower support slide up and down in cooperation.

[0037] The shooting system includes an industrial camera 31 and a background light source 32, which are respectively arranged on two external lifting brackets 42, and the industrial camera 31 and the background light source 32 are respectively facing two observation windows 22, and the shooting system is used to realize the shooting of non-equilibrium wetting behavior;

[0038] The temperature measurement system includes a temperature sensor, which is electrically connected to the industrial control computer and is used to completely record the temperature change data during the wetting process;

[0039] The laser system includes a laser and a laser processing head 11 connected to the laser. A substrate 51 is set on a test lifting platform 41. A sample 52 to be melted is set on the substrate 51. The laser processing head 11 generates a laser beam 12. The laser beam 12 passes through a protective lens 23 and forms a laser spot on the sample 52 to be melted. The laser is fixed at the end of a six-axis manipulator to accurately adjust the position and angle of the laser spot.

[0040] The laser is one of a fiber laser, a semiconductor laser, and a CO2 laser, and the laser spot is one of a swinging spot, an annular spot, a ring core spot, and a multi-mode complex spot to meet the laser processing test requirements of different spot forms.

[0041] The cabin 21 is an aluminum cabin, a steel cabin or an acrylic cabin, and has a thickness of 10 mm to 30 mm.

[0042] The external interface 25 is connected to a gas cylinder or a vacuum pump. According to actual needs, when the external interface 25 is connected to a gas cylinder, argon, helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide or a mixed gas is provided in the gas cylinder to meet the test requirements of the laser processing process under different gas environments; when the external interface 25 is connected to a vacuum pump, the vacuum pump has a pumping rate of 3L / min-20L / min, and cooperates with a vacuum valve to meet the test requirements under different vacuum degrees.

[0043] The substrate 51 is circular or rectangular, and the thickness of the substrate 51 is 5 mm-10 mm. When the substrate 51 is circular, the diameter of the substrate 51 is 10 mm-40 mm. When the substrate 51 is rectangular, the side length of the substrate 51 is 10 mm-40 mm.

[0044] The sample 52 to be melted is a sphere, a cylinder, a cube or a cuboid. When the sample 52 to be melted is a sphere, the diameter of the sample 52 to be melted is 2mm-5mm; when the sample 52 to be melted is a cylinder, the diameter of the sample 52 to be melted is 2mm-5mm, and the height is 1mm-5mm; when the sample 52 to be melted is a cube, the side length of the sample 52 to be melted is 2mm-5mm; when the sample 52 to be melted is a cuboid, the length of the sample 52 to be melted is 2mm-5mm, the width of the sample 52 to be melted is consistent with the length, and the height of the sample 52 to be melted is 1mm-5mm.

[0045] The melting point of the substrate 51 is at least 200 degrees Celsius higher than the melting point of the sample 52 to be melted, so as to take into account the test requirements of various material systems.

[0046] The background light source 32 is a xenon lamp or a laser generator. When the background light source 32 is a xenon lamp, the power range is 50W-300W. When the background light source 32 is a laser generator, the power range is 10W-30W. The wavelength of the background light source 32 is 532nm or 808nm.

[0047] The industrial camera 31 is an industrial CCD camera, a high-speed camera or an infrared camera. When the industrial camera 31 is an industrial CCD camera, the frame rate range of the industrial camera 31 is 15 frames / second to 100 frames / second, and a bandpass filter is provided on the industrial camera 31, and the filtered wavelength of the bandpass filter is 532nm or 808nm; when the industrial camera 31 is a high-speed camera, the frame rate range of the industrial camera 31 is 200 frames / second to 1000 frames / second, and a bandpass filter is provided on the industrial camera 31, and the filtered wavelength of the bandpass filter is 532nm or 808nm; when the industrial camera 31 is an infrared camera, the frame rate range of the industrial camera 31 is 15 frames / second to 30 frames / second; the industrial camera 31 is used to synchronously collect the wetting state and temperature information.

[0048] The temperature sensor is a contact sensor or a non-contact sensor. When the temperature sensor is a contact sensor, the temperature sensor is fixed inside the cabin 21 to measure the interface temperature between the sample 52 to be melted and the substrate 51 under the action of the laser; when the temperature sensor is a non-contact sensor, the temperature sensor is fixed on the test lifting platform 41, and the temperature sensor measures the surface temperature of the sample 52 to be melted through the observation window 22.

[0049] The observation components and the shooting systems are each in two groups, and there are four external lifting brackets 42. The observation windows 22 of the two groups of observation components are arranged vertically. The two groups of shooting systems correspond to the two groups of observation components one by one. The four external lifting brackets 42 are divided into two groups of two. The two groups of shooting systems are correspondingly arranged on the two groups of external lifting brackets 42. Two groups of observation components are set up to compare the differences in wetting behaviors in different directions.

[0050] The laser system in the present invention is used to generate laser, the atmosphere adjustment system is used to adjust the processing environment, the lifting system is used to adjust the industrial camera 31, the background light source 32 and the sample to be melted 52 to be in the same straight line, and the shooting system is used to achieve the shooting of non-equilibrium wetting behavior. The analysis of the non-equilibrium wetting behavior of heterogeneous materials can be achieved through the coordination and cooperation between the systems.

[0051] The present invention proposes a non-equilibrium reaction wetting behavior analysis device for studying the non-equilibrium wetting behavior of heterogeneous materials under laser irradiation. This device fills the gap that traditional wetting behavior monitoring technology is not suitable for the study of non-equilibrium state. The device has a wide range of applications, including various heterogeneous material systems such as metal and metal, metal and ceramic, resin and metal, etc., showing excellent material applicability. In addition, the present invention has a high degree of flexibility and can meet the test optimization requirements of multiple variables such as laser equipment, processing parameters, gas environment, etc. according to specific research needs. By optimizing the shooting system and the temperature measurement system, the laser interference is effectively shielded, thereby achieving high-quality data acquisition of multiple angles and multiple signals during the wetting process, ensuring the high reliability of the data. It has important theoretical guiding significance for the selection of filling materials, optimization of process parameters, selection of protective atmosphere, etc. in the welding process. The optimization of the above parameters can be achieved without a large number of process tests, which is of great significance for saving test resources and improving efficiency. Therefore, the present invention not only promotes the development of laser intelligent manufacturing technology of heterogeneous materials, but also provides strong support for the progress of related industries.

[0052] Embodiment 2: Figure 1 to Figure 4 As shown, a method for using a non-equilibrium reaction wetting behavior analysis device is implemented based on a non-equilibrium reaction wetting behavior analysis device described in Example 1, and includes the following steps:

[0053] Step 1: Open the device cabin 21, place the substrate 51 and the sample to be melted 52 on the test lifting platform 41, and adjust the test lifting platform 41 and the external lifting bracket 42 so that the upper surface of the sample to be melted 52, the background light source 32 and the industrial camera 31 are in the same straight line;

[0054] Step 2: close the device cabin 21, and perform air extraction or air filling treatment in the cabin 21 through the external interface 25;

[0055] Step three, start the laser, the laser processing head 11 generates a laser beam 12, the laser beam 12 forms a laser spot on the sample to be melted 52, adjust various parameters of the laser, maintain continuous output of the laser beam 12, so that the sample to be melted 52 spreads after melting, and record the melting and spreading process of the sample to be melted 52 in real time through the industrial camera 31 and the temperature sensor for subsequent analysis.

[0056] Adjusting the various parameters of the laser includes adjusting the laser power and the defocus amount. The adjustment range of the laser power is 100W-5000W, and the adjustment range of the defocus amount is -20mm~+40mm.

[0057] The spot size corresponding to different defocus amounts can be measured by adjusting the defocus amount, and the test energy density can be obtained by calculating the ratio of laser power to spot size. For actual laser processing parameters, the linear energy density is the ratio of laser power to welding rate. The design guidance of laser processing parameters can be achieved by matching the relationship between the test energy density and the linear energy density.

[0058] The present invention provides two practical research situations:

[0059] The first actual research situation uses a fiber laser with a wavelength of 1060nm. The material system to be welded is AZ31 magnesium alloy and 304 stainless steel. The device cabin is made of 10mm steel, and the external interface is connected to argon and nitrogen in turn. The background light source uses a laser with a wavelength of 532nm and a power of 30W. During the process, an industrial CCD camera is used for shooting, and a wavelength 532nm filter is installed on its surface. The temperature measurement system is realized by arranging a non-contact infrared sensor inside the cabin.

[0060] The specific steps are:

[0061] 1) Process the 304 substrate into a cuboid with a size of 15mm×15mm×3mm, and prepare the AZ31 magnesium alloy into a cube with a size of 3mm×3mm×3mm. Open the device cabin, place the 304 stainless steel substrate and the AZ31 magnesium alloy block on the test lifting platform, and adjust the test lifting platform and external lifting bracket to make the AZ31 magnesium alloy block, background light source and CCD industrial camera in the same straight line.

[0062] 2) Close the device cabin and fill the cabin with argon gas with a purity of 99.9%.

[0063] 3) Place the laser spot at the center of the AZ31 magnesium alloy block, adjust the defocus to +15mm so that the laser spot can cover the processed AZ31 magnesium alloy block, set the irradiation time to 2s, and set the laser power to 1350W according to the actual welding process line energy density conversion value of 300J / mm2. Turn on the laser input so that the AZ31 magnesium alloy block spreads on the stainless steel surface after melting. The wetting and spreading process and surface temperature evolution process of the magnesium alloy block are recorded simultaneously at a rate of 20 frames / second by a CCD industrial camera and a non-contact infrared sensor.

[0064] 4) After the test, take out the sample and repeat the above steps 1) to 3). During step 2), replace the gas flushed into the cabin with 99.9% nitrogen. The effect captured by the process camera is as follows Figure 2 As shown, the outline is clear and complete, which is convenient for analyzing the wetting and spreading mechanism.

[0065] The curves of wetting angle, spreading radius and temperature changing with time are drawn, and based on the relevant theories of wetting and spreading dynamics, the spreading rate of the dynamic wetting process and the spreading results of the final state are analyzed. The spreading process mechanism is analyzed, and the influence mechanism of argon and nitrogen on the wetting and spreading process is compared to achieve the optimization of argon and nitrogen. According to the time when the wetting angle or spreading radius tends to be stable and no longer changes during the spreading, the heat input demand in the inverse calculation process is inverted, and the optimization of the actual laser welding process parameters is guided according to the calculation results. For example, the comparison results show that at the same time, argon has a smaller wetting angle and a larger spreading radius than nitrogen, so the optimization of argon shielding gas can be completed. In the wetting and spreading process, the droplets tend to be stable when the irradiation time is about 1s. In the actual welding process, the laser power can be appropriately reduced or the welding rate can be increased within 50%.

[0066] The second actual research situation uses a CO2 laser with a wavelength of 10.6μm and an ordinary circular spot. The material system to be welded is 5mm thick 6061 aluminum alloy and DP590 high-strength steel. The cabin material is 20mm thick acrylic. The background light source uses a 100W xenon lamp as an auxiliary light source. Two CCD cameras are used in the process to take pictures from two vertical directions at the same time to compare the differences in wetting behavior in different directions. A bandpass filter with a wavelength of 808nm is installed on its surface.

[0067] The specific steps are:

[0068] 1) Process the DP590 steel substrate into a cylinder with a diameter of 30mm and a height of 5mm, and melt the ER1100 welding wire into a cylinder with a diameter of 4mm and a height of 2mm. Open the device cabin, place the DP590 steel substrate and the ER1100 cylinder on the test lifting platform, and adjust the test lifting platform and external lifting bracket to make the ER1100 cylinder, background light source and CCD industrial camera in the same straight line.

[0069] 2) Close the device cabin and inflate the cabin with argon gas with a purity of 99.99% for protection.

[0070] 3) Place the laser spot at the center of the ER1100 cylinder, adjust the defocus to +30mm so that the laser spot can cover the processed ER1100 cylinder, set the irradiation time to 1s, and set the laser power to 4400W according to the actual welding process line energy density conversion value of 350J / mm2. Turn on the laser input so that the ER1100 cylinder spreads on the surface of the DP590 steel substrate after melting. Two CCD industrial cameras and contact thermocouple sensors are used to simultaneously record the wetting and spreading process and surface temperature evolution process of the ER1100 cylinder in the orthogonal direction at a rate of 30 frames / second.

[0071] 4) After the test, the sample is taken out, and the above steps 1) to 3) are repeated. In step 1), the sample to be melted is replaced with ER4043 and ER4047 cylinders of the same size. The wetting and spreading process and surface temperature evolution process of ER4043 and ER4047 aluminum alloys on the surface of DP590 steel substrate are recorded in sequence under the same parameters.

[0072] The curves of wetting angle, spreading radius and temperature changing with time are drawn, and based on the relevant theory of wetting and spreading dynamics, the spreading rate of the dynamic wetting process and the spreading results of the final state are analyzed to analyze the spreading process mechanism, and the influence mechanism of ER1100, ER4043 and ER4047 on the wetting and spreading process is compared to achieve the optimization of welding wire types. The general analysis process is as follows. During the test, ER1100 has the best wetting effect and reaches a stable state at 0.8s. The wetting effects of ER4047 and ER4043 are not much different, and they reach a stable state at 0.9s. At this time, it is necessary to combine the spreading rate and the temperature evolution curve for further judgment. It is found that the peak temperature of the ER1100 thermal cycle is high and the duration is long, which is easy to generate Fe-Al brittle compounds. ER4047 has the smallest thermal cycle peak temperature. Only Fe-Al-Si ternary phase is generated at this temperature, and the toughness is relatively good. Therefore, we can choose ER4047 as the optimal filler material in the welding process. Since the wetting and spreading stable state is reached at about 0.9s, when optimizing the actual welding process, the laser power can be reduced or the welding rate can be increased within a range of 10%.

[0073] The above embodiments are merely exemplary descriptions of the present invention and do not limit its protection scope. Those skilled in the art may also make partial changes thereto, which are within the protection scope of the present invention as long as they do not exceed the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A non-equilibrium reaction wetting behavior analysis device, characterized in that: Including laser system, atmosphere adjustment system, shooting system, lifting system and temperature measurement system; The atmosphere conditioning system comprises a cabin (21), the cabin (21) comprising a hollow shell with an upper opening and an upper cover for opening and closing the opening of the hollow shell, the upper cover being provided with a protective lens (23), an observation assembly being provided on a side wall of the cabin (21), the observation assembly comprising two observation windows (22) coaxially arranged on both sides of the cabin (21), a pressure relief valve (24) being provided at the upper end of the cabin (21), and an external interface (25) being provided at the bottom of the cabin (21); The lifting system comprises a test lifting platform (41) and two external lifting brackets (42), wherein the lifting platform (41) is arranged in the cabin (21), the lifting platform (41) is located below the protective lens (23), and the lifting platform (41) is located between the two observation windows (22), and the external lifting brackets (42) are arranged outside the cabin (21); The shooting system comprises an industrial camera (31) and a background light source (32), wherein the industrial camera (31) and the background light source (32) are respectively arranged on two external lifting brackets (42), and the industrial camera (31) and the background light source (32) are respectively facing two observation windows (22); The temperature measurement system includes a temperature sensor, and the temperature sensor is electrically connected to the industrial control machine; The laser system comprises a laser and a laser processing head (11) connected to the laser, a substrate (51) is arranged on a test lifting platform (41), a sample to be melted (52) is arranged on the substrate (51), the laser processing head (11) generates a laser beam (12), the laser beam (12) passes through a protective lens (23), and forms a laser spot on the sample to be melted (52).

2. The non-equilibrium reaction wetting behavior analysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser is one of a fiber laser, a semiconductor laser, and a CO2 laser, and the laser spot is one of a swinging spot, a ring spot, a ring core spot, and a multi-mode complex spot.

3. The non-equilibrium reaction wetting behavior analysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cabin (21) is an aluminum cabin, a steel cabin or an acrylic cabin.

4. The non-equilibrium reaction wetting behavior analysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The external interface (25) is connected to a gas cylinder or a vacuum pump. When the external interface (25) is connected to a gas cylinder, argon, helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide or a mixed gas is provided in the gas cylinder. When the external interface (25) is connected to a vacuum pump, the vacuum pump has a pumping rate of 3L / min-20L / min.

5. The non-equilibrium reaction wetting behavior analysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The substrate (51) is circular or rectangular, and the thickness of the substrate (51) is 5 mm to 10 mm. When the substrate (51) is circular, the diameter of the substrate (51) is 10 mm to 40 mm. When the substrate (51) is rectangular, the side length of the substrate (51) is 10 mm to 40 mm. The sample (52) to be melted is a sphere, a cylinder, a cube or a cuboid. When the sample (52) to be melted is a sphere, the diameter of the sample (52) to be melted is 2 mm to 5 mm. When the sample (52) to be melted is a cylinder, the side length of the sample (52) to be melted is 10 mm to 40 mm. The diameter of the sample (52) is 2 mm-5 mm, and the height is 1 mm-5 mm; when the sample (52) to be melted is a cube, the side length of the sample (52) to be melted is 2 mm-5 mm; when the sample (52) to be melted is a rectangular parallelepiped, the length of the sample (52) to be melted is 2 mm-5 mm, the width of the sample (52) to be melted is consistent with the length, and the height of the sample (52) to be melted is 1 mm-5 mm; the melting point of the substrate (51) is at least 200 degrees Celsius higher than the melting point of the sample (52) to be melted.

6. The non-equilibrium reaction wetting behavior analysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The background light source (32) is a xenon lamp or a laser generator. When the background light source (32) is a xenon lamp, the power range is 50W-300W. When the background light source (32) is a laser generator, the power range is 10W-30W. The wavelength of the background light source (32) is 532nm or 808nm.

7. The non-equilibrium reaction wetting behavior analysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The industrial camera (31) is an industrial CCD camera, a high-speed camera or an infrared camera. When the industrial camera (31) is an industrial CCD camera, the frame rate range of the industrial camera (31) is 15 frames / second to 100 frames / second, and a bandpass filter is provided on the industrial camera (31), and the wavelength after filtering of the bandpass filter is 532nm or 808nm; when the industrial camera (31) is a high-speed camera, the frame rate range of the industrial camera (31) is 200 frames / second to 1000 frames / second, and a bandpass filter is provided on the industrial camera (31), and the wavelength after filtering of the bandpass filter is 532nm or 808nm; when the industrial camera (31) is an infrared camera, the frame rate range of the industrial camera (31) is 15 frames / second to 30 frames / second.

8. The non-equilibrium reaction wetting behavior analysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature sensor is a contact sensor or a non-contact sensor. When the temperature sensor is a contact sensor, the temperature sensor is fixed inside the cabin (21) to measure the interface temperature between the sample to be melted (52) and the substrate (51) under the action of the laser. When the temperature sensor is a non-contact sensor, the temperature sensor is fixed on the test lifting platform (41) to measure the surface temperature of the sample to be melted (52) through the observation window (22).

9. A non-equilibrium reaction wetting behavior analysis device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The observation components and the shooting systems are each in two groups, and there are four external lifting brackets (42). The observation windows (22) of the two groups of observation components are arranged vertically. The two groups of shooting systems correspond to the two groups of observation components one by one. The four external lifting brackets (42) are divided into two groups of two, and the two groups of shooting systems are correspondingly arranged on the two groups of external lifting brackets (42).

10. A method for using a non-equilibrium reaction wetting behavior analysis device, implemented by using a non-equilibrium reaction wetting behavior analysis device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Open the device cabin (21), place the substrate (51) and the sample to be melted (52) on the test lifting platform (41), and adjust the test lifting platform (41) and the external lifting bracket (42) so that the upper surface of the sample to be melted (52), the background light source (32) and the industrial camera (31) are in the same straight line; Step 2: closing the device cabin (21), and performing air extraction or air filling treatment on the cabin (21) through the external interface (25); Step 3: Start the laser, the laser processing head (11) generates a laser beam (12), the laser beam (12) forms a laser spot on the sample to be melted (52), and adjust the laser power and defocus of the laser. The adjustment range of the laser power is 100W-5000W, and the adjustment range of the defocus is -20mm~+40mm. Keep the continuous output of the laser beam (12) so that the sample to be melted (52) spreads after melting. The melting and spreading process of the sample to be melted (52) is recorded in real time by an industrial camera (31) and a temperature sensor for subsequent analysis.

Images