Arrangement method for combined ventilation and smoke exhaust facilities of large underground cave depot group

Abstract

The invention discloses a large underground cave depot group combined ventilation and smoke exhaust facility arrangement method, which comprises the following steps: acquiring site arrangement planning information of large underground cave depot group combined ventilation and smoke exhaust facilities, establishing a site arrangement model according to the site arrangement planning information, and acquiring measurement data of a large underground cave depot group; establishing a corresponding ventilation network according to the measured data, establishing a ventilation movement model based on the site arrangement model and the ventilation network, performing ventilation regulation and control on the large underground cave depot group according to the ventilation movement model and the measured data so as to complete the arrangement of ventilation and smoke exhaust facilities; establishing a target function with minimum logistics cost and maximum close degree between temporary facilities as targets, and discharging construction site arrangement which does not conform to constraint conditions according to the shape of an arrangement site of a construction site, prevention of mutual stacking of the temporary facilities and other constraint conditions; and the rationality and the working efficiency of the arrangement of the combined ventilation and smoke exhaust facility of the large underground cave depot group are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of facility layout, and in particular relates to a method for arranging combined ventilation and smoke exhaust facilities for a large underground cavern group. Background Art

[0002] Caverns are warehouses built in rocky mountains. They are a type of building for underground projects. Usually, the focus of construction site layout is determined by determining the corresponding research indicators, and the objective function of construction site layout is established based on the research indicators. The multi-objective optimization algorithm is used to solve the objective function to obtain the optimal on-site construction layout. However, the use of mathematical models for construction site layout has the advantages of being highly targeted at specific research indicators and scientific and reasonable, but there are many factors that affect the quality of construction site layout, and the building forms and shapes of construction sites are different. It is difficult for mathematical models to fully consider all factors of construction site layout. It is difficult to coordinate the overall situation when using mathematical models to solve construction site layout, and the results obtained are often one-sided. For construction sites with many factors to consider and complex terrain, their mathematical models are inevitably complex and difficult to understand. The establishment and solution of mathematical models require high mathematical modeling capabilities and the ability to use relevant professional software of engineering personnel, which greatly increases the difficulty of construction personnel in construction site layout. The solved construction site layout also needs to be modified according to the actual situation. Although it is theoretically feasible to a certain extent, it has little practical significance. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for arranging combined ventilation and smoke exhaust facilities for large underground cavern groups. According to the obtained comprehensive relationship between temporary facilities, an objective function with the goal of minimizing the logistics cost and maximizing the closeness between temporary facilities is established. According to the constraints such as the shape of the arrangable site at the construction site, preventing temporary facilities from stacking each other and maintaining a safe distance, a penalty function is established to eliminate construction site arrangements that do not meet the constraints, thereby improving the rationality and work efficiency of the arrangement of combined ventilation and smoke exhaust facilities for large underground cavern groups, and specifically adopting the following technical solutions to achieve this.

[0004] The present invention provides a method for arranging combined ventilation and smoke exhaust facilities for a large underground cavern group, comprising:

[0005] Obtaining site layout planning information of combined ventilation and smoke exhaust facilities of large underground caverns, and establishing a site layout model based on the site layout planning information, wherein the site layout planning information includes layout problems and optimization objectives;

[0006] Obtain measurement data of large underground caverns and establish corresponding ventilation networks based on the measurement data, where the measurement data include air density, tunnel cross-sectional area, wind speed at measurement points, velocity pressure at measurement points, and air volume between measurement points;

[0007] A ventilation movement model is established based on the site layout model and ventilation network, and ventilation control is carried out on large underground cavern groups according to the ventilation movement model and measured data to complete the layout of ventilation and smoke exhaust facilities.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the site layout planning information of the combined ventilation and smoke exhaust facilities of the large underground cavern group is obtained, including:

[0009] According to the flow relationship between facilities, the distance relationship between their locations, and the product of the flow between facilities and the distance between the locations of facilities as the cost of the layout problem;

[0010] The preset set F = {1, 2...n} represents n facilities, the set L = {1, 2...n} represents n locations, i and j represent the numbers of two facilities, f ij Refers to the flow of goods between corresponding facilities, d ij represents the distance between the corresponding facilities, then f ij d ij represents the cost required to arrange facilities i and j at the corresponding locations. The optimization objective of the corresponding arrangement problem can be expressed as follows: Where Π represents the set of layout problems, p(i) and p(j) represent the locations of facilities i and j;

[0011] According to expression (1), the cost of transporting site materials from one temporary facility to another can be expressed as the product of the logistics volume and the transportation distance. The total transportation cost of construction site materials is expressed as Where n represents the total number of facilities, d ij represents the length of the path between facility i and facility j, E ij It represents the cost per unit distance of transporting materials from facility i to facility j.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the SLP algorithm is used to analyze the logistics relationship and non-logistics relationship between the temporary equipment on the facility layout site, and the comprehensive correlation between the various facilities is obtained through weighted calculation. The corresponding expression is: Among them, b ij It represents the correlation factor between temporary facilities i and j, and its value varies with the distance d ij The increase of c ij It represents the closeness between temporary facility i and temporary facility j, and the corresponding total objective function is F = minF1 + maxF2;

[0013] Convert the maximum value of the facility relationship objective function F2 to the minimum value of its reciprocal F3. The expression of F3 is: Among them, F1 and F3 are related to the variable d ijand F1 and F3 are related to variable d ij is positively correlated, then the total objective function of the multi-objective problem can be expressed as The minimum value of .

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, a site layout model is established according to the site layout planning information, including:

[0015] The site layout model includes an input part, an optimization part and an output part. The input part includes first determining the available site of the construction site, determining the maximum consumption rate of various materials required for construction based on the 3D building model of the proposed building and the construction schedule, determining the maximum storage capacity of materials through the maximum consumption rate of materials and the time interval between two adjacent batches of purchases, and then determining the size of the storage facility in combination with the specific shapes of various materials and the actual available site conditions of the construction site, determining the number of required processing machines based on the material consumption level and the size and processing capacity of the required processing machines, determining the size of the processing facilities in combination with construction convenience and processing safety, and then determining the comprehensive relationship between temporary facilities based on the logistics relationship and non-logistics relationship between temporary facilities, providing a basis for the next step of establishing a mathematical model;

[0016] The objective function is established according to the logistics relationship and non-logistics relationship of the temporary facilities, and the penalty function is established according to the constraints of the site layout to modify the objective function so that it can form the fitness value function of the particle swarm algorithm;

[0017] The arrangement is carried out according to the results obtained by the particle swarm algorithm, and adjustments are made according to the actual situation to complete the optimal construction site arrangement.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the size of the storage facility is determined by the size and quantity of the stored materials. The material storage quantity of the storage facility depends on the material consumption and the time interval between two consecutive deliveries. The corresponding expression is A c =C×R×S×T, where A c Indicates the size of the storage facility; C is a constant greater than 1, used to indicate the spacing requirements for material storage and the space required for easy access, R is the area required for a unit quantity of material, S is the peak consumption rate of the material during the construction phase, and T is the time interval between two shipments;

[0019] The size of the processing facility is determined by the size and number of processing machines. The number of processing machines depends on the amount of material to be processed per unit time. The corresponding expression is Among them, A j represents the size of the processing facility, K represents a constant for convenient and safe settings for processing activities, the value of K is greater than 1, and V represents the processing rate;

[0020] Logistics analysis is to find the total transportation cost, which is the sum of the transportation costs between temporary facilities. The corresponding expression is Where f1 represents the total transportation cost, n represents the total number of temporary facilities, e ij represents the unit price of material transportation between facility i and facility j; the types and shapes of materials transported between temporary facilities are different; f ij is the total amount of materials transported between facility i and facility j, d ij represents the distance d between facility i and facility j ij The calculation expression is d ij =|x i -x j |+|y i -y j |, where x i ,y i They represent the coordinates of the centroid of temporary facility i at the construction site, x j ,y j represents the coordinates of the centroid of temporary facility j in the construction site;

[0021] Non-logistics analysis is to find out the closeness of temporary facilities. The corresponding expression is: f2 represents the total closeness between temporary facilities, r ij Indicates the closeness between temporary facilities i and j; c ij represents the correlation factor between temporary facilities i and j, and the correlation factor c ij The distance d between temporary facilities i and j ij The maximum possible distance d between the temporary facilities max to be sure.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the objective function established with the goal of minimizing the logistics cost and maximizing the non-logistics relationship between temporary facilities is f=w1f1-w2f2, the minimum value of the function f is the target value, w1 and w2 represent weight factors, and the values ​​of w1 and w2 depend on the relative importance of the logistics cost and the closeness between temporary facilities in the specific construction activities. If the importance of logistics cost is high, the value of w1 is large, otherwise the value of w1 is small;

[0023] According to the constraint conditions, the penalty function is introduced to modify the objective function, and the modified function is used as the fitness function of the particle swarm algorithm. The constraint condition expression is: (1) (2) Formula (1) and (2) respectively indicate that temporary facilities are located within the construction site where they can be arranged, and formula (3) and (4) respectively indicate that temporary facilities do not overlap each other in length and width and have a certain safety distance. i 、w i They represent the length of temporary facility i in the x and y directions, l j 、w j Respectively represent the length of the temporary facility in the x direction and the y direction, sx ij and sy ij Indicates the maximum and minimum coordinate values ​​of the construction site in the x direction, and the y direction. max ,y min Indicates the maximum and minimum coordinates of the construction site that can be arranged in the y direction;

[0024] The penalty function transforms the constrained optimization problem into an unconstrained optimization problem. The penalty function expression established according to the constraints is:

[0025] , when x satisfies the constraints, the penalty function is zero; when x does not satisfy the constraints, the penalty function is positive, and penalties are imposed on examples that do not satisfy the constraints;

[0026] After applying the penalty function to establish the fitness value function of the example swarm algorithm, other parameters in the example swarm algorithm are set according to the actual situation, and then the solution calculation is performed. The fitness value function f of the particle swarm algorithm s The expression for f s =w1f1+w2f2+f3.

[0027] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the measurement data of a large underground cavern group is obtained, and a corresponding ventilation network is established according to the measurement data, including:

[0028] Use a wet thermometer and a precision barometer to measure the dry-bulb temperature and wet-bulb temperature and atmospheric pressure of each measuring point, and calculate the air density of the measuring point. The calculation expression is: Among them, ρ represents the density of air, P represents the absolute static pressure of air, and P s represents the absolute partial pressure of saturated water vapor, φ represents the relative humidity of air, and T represents the absolute temperature of air;

[0029] The cross-sectional area of ​​a trapezoidal or rectangular tunnel is S L =B L ×H L , where S L Indicates the cross-sectional area of ​​the tunnel, B L Indicates the lane width or waistline length, H LRepresents the full height of the tunnel; the corresponding measuring point wind speed is expressed by the measured speed according to the expression Among them, V represents the speed of the measuring point, S represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the tunnel, 0.4 represents the side area of ​​the human body, a and b represent the correction coefficients of the wind meter, and x represents the meter speed;

[0030] The velocity pressure at the measuring point is H V =ρV 2 / 2, where H V represents the density of air, ρ represents the density of air, and V represents the wind speed at the measuring point.

[0031] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the air volume passing through the lanes between the two points on both sides is determined according to the following principles: (1) There is no bifurcation in the lanes between the two points on both sides, and the air volume passing through the lanes is the average of the air volumes of the two measuring points; (2) A measuring point is set before the wind flow bifurcation point, and the air volume passing through the lanes between the two measuring points is the air volume of the latter measuring point; (3) A measuring point is set after the wind flow bifurcation point, and the air volume passing through the lanes between the two measuring points is the air volume of the former measuring point;

[0032] When using a precision barometer to measure each measuring point, the calculation expression of the static pressure difference, potential pressure difference, and velocity pressure difference between two measuring points is H S (i,i+1)=[B(i)-B(i+1)]+[B'(i)-B'(i+1)], the pressure difference is The speed pressure difference is H V (i,i+1)=H V (i)-H V (i+1), the ventilation resistance between the two sides is calculated as H r (i,i+1)=H S (i,i+1)+H Z (i,i+1)+H V (i,i+1), where B(i) and B(i+1) represent the readings of the precision barometer at the measuring points i and i+1 before and after the tunnel, respectively; B'(i) and B'(i+1) represent the readings of the base barometer when the cave barometer reads B(i) and B(i+1), respectively; Z(i) and Z(i+1) represent the elevations of the measuring points i and i+1, and ρ(i) and ρ(i+1) represent the air density at the measuring points i and i+1;

[0033] The expression of tunnel wind resistance is: The corresponding wind resistance per 100 meters is R 100 Among them, L(i,i+1) represents the length of the tunnel between measuring points i and i+1.

[0034] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, a ventilation movement model is established based on the site layout model and the ventilation network, and ventilation control is performed on a large underground cavern group according to the ventilation movement model and the measured data to complete the layout of ventilation and smoke exhaust facilities, including:

[0035] The CFD algorithm is used to detect the temperature change of materials in the underground cavern during ventilation, and a mathematical model of the temperature change of materials with ventilation is obtained. The CFD algorithm execution process includes:

[0036] Taking the square storage material as the object, the mass increase of the material microelement per unit time is equal to the physical mass flowing into the microelement per unit time. The mass conservation equation is: Where ρ' represents the fluid density, u i represents the velocity component in the i direction, which has three components in the x, y, and z directions. t represents time, and x i Represents the i-direction coordinate, which has three directions: x, y, and z;

[0037] The energy increase of the material microelement per unit time will be equal to the sum of the energy of the microelement within that time. The energy conservation equation of the material is: Among them, ρ1 represents the material density, k represents the thermal conductivity, S h represents the volume heat source, h represents the thermodynamic temperature, and the corresponding expression is Wherein, T represents absolute temperature.

[0038] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, Matlab is used to fit the material temperature prediction trend of the ventilation process, and a set of mathematical model relationship between the material temperature T and the ventilation time t is calculated as T = 29.919e -0.004t ;

[0039] The unit energy consumption of the simulated ventilation process is calculated. The unit energy consumption of cooling ventilation is calculated as E t =∑W t / (t 初 -t 终 )G, where E t Indicates the unit energy consumption to reduce the material temperature, ∑W t Indicates the cumulative power consumption, t 初 ,t 终 It indicates the material temperature before and after ventilation, and G indicates the mass of the ventilated material.

[0040] The present invention provides a method for arranging combined ventilation and smoke exhaust facilities for a large underground cavern group. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining site layout planning information of the combined ventilation and smoke exhaust facilities for the large underground cavern group, establishing a site layout model according to the site layout planning information, obtaining measurement data of the large underground cavern group, establishing a corresponding ventilation network according to the measurement data, establishing a ventilation movement model based on the site layout model and the ventilation network, and performing ventilation control on the large underground cavern group according to the ventilation movement model and the measurement data to complete the arrangement of the ventilation and smoke exhaust facilities. According to the obtained comprehensive relationship between temporary facilities, an objective function with the goals of minimizing the logistics cost and maximizing the closeness between temporary facilities is established. According to the constraints such as the shape of the arrangable site of the construction site, preventing temporary facilities from stacking each other and maintaining a safe distance, a penalty function is established to exclude construction site arrangements that do not meet the constraints, thereby improving the rationality and work efficiency of the arrangement of combined ventilation and smoke exhaust facilities for the large underground cavern group. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0042] Figure 1 A flow chart of the method for arranging combined ventilation and smoke exhaust facilities for a large underground cavern group provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0044] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides a method for arranging combined ventilation and smoke exhaust facilities for a large underground cavern group, including:

[0045] S1: Obtaining site layout planning information of combined ventilation and smoke exhaust facilities of a large underground cavern group, and establishing a site layout model based on the site layout planning information, wherein the site layout planning information includes layout problems and optimization objectives;

[0046] S2: Obtain the measurement data of a large underground cavern group and establish a corresponding ventilation network based on the measurement data, wherein the measurement data includes air density, tunnel cross-sectional area, wind speed at the measurement point, velocity pressure at the measurement point, and air volume between measurement points;

[0047] S3: Establish a ventilation movement model based on the site layout model and ventilation network, and conduct ventilation control on large underground cavern groups according to the ventilation movement model and measured data to complete the layout of ventilation and smoke exhaust facilities.

[0048] In this embodiment, the site layout planning information of the combined ventilation and smoke exhaust facilities of the large underground cavern group is obtained, including: according to the flow relationship between the facilities, the distance relationship between the locations, and the product of the flow between the facilities and the distance between the locations of the facilities as the cost of the layout problem; the preset set F = {1,2...n} represents n facilities, the set L = {1,2...n} represents n locations, i and j represent the numbers of the two facilities, f ij Refers to the flow of goods between corresponding facilities, d ij represents the distance between the corresponding facilities, then f ij d ij represents the cost required to arrange facilities i and j at the corresponding locations. The optimization objective of the corresponding arrangement problem can be expressed as follows: Where Π represents the set of layout problems, p(i) and p(j) represent the locations of facilities i and j;

[0049] According to expression (1), the cost of transporting site materials from one temporary facility to another can be expressed as the product of the logistics volume and the transportation distance. The total transportation cost of construction site materials is expressed as Where n represents the total number of facilities, d ij represents the length of the path between facility i and facility j, E ij It represents the cost per unit distance of transporting materials from facility i to facility j.

[0050] It should be noted that the SLP algorithm is used to analyze the logistics relationship and non-logistics relationship between the temporary equipment on the facility layout site, and the comprehensive correlation between the various facilities is obtained through weighted calculation. The corresponding expression is: Among them, b ij It represents the correlation factor between temporary facilities i and j, and its value varies with the distance d ij decreases with the increase of ij It represents the closeness between temporary facilities i and j, and the corresponding total objective function is F = minF1 + maxF2; the maximum value of the facility relationship objective function F2 is converted to the minimum value of its reciprocal F3, and the expression of F3 is Among them, F1 and F3 are related to the variable d ij and F1 and F3 are related to variable d ij is positively correlated, then the total objective function of the multi-objective problem can be expressed as F = The construction site layout problem is a secondary distribution problem with obvious engineering factors. In addition to the main construction project, the site also includes the subjects involved in the construction and auxiliary construction, such as materials and facilities. When arranging the site with the help of the secondary distribution problem approach, it is also necessary to take into account the engineering characteristics and subject behaviors, and eliminate the impact of the interaction between the various subjects under normal construction activities on the site layout.

[0051] It should be understood that the Systematic Layout Planning algorithm (SLP) is highly practical and has a wide range of applications. It analyzes the logistics and non-logistics relationships between various operating units based on the original data, and weights and summarizes these two relationships according to certain rules. The logistics and non-logistics relationships between various operating units can be analyzed, and the comprehensive correlation between various facilities can be obtained through weighted calculation. By obtaining the site layout planning information of the combined ventilation and smoke exhaust facilities of the large-scale underground cavern group, and establishing a site layout model based on the site layout planning information, obtaining the measured data of the large-scale underground cavern group, and establishing the corresponding ventilation network based on the measured data, a ventilation movement model is established based on the site layout model and the ventilation network, and ventilation control is carried out on the large-scale underground cavern group according to the ventilation movement model and the measured data to complete the layout of ventilation and smoke exhaust facilities, and according to the obtained comprehensive relationship between temporary facilities, an objective function with the minimum logistics cost and the maximum closeness between temporary facilities as the goals is established, and a penalty function is established based on the constraints such as the shape of the arrangable site of the construction site, preventing temporary facilities from stacking each other and maintaining a safe distance, so as to eliminate the construction site layout that does not meet the constraints, thereby improving the rationality and work efficiency of the layout of the combined ventilation and smoke exhaust facilities of the large-scale underground cavern group.

[0052] Optionally, establishing a site layout model according to the site layout planning information includes:

[0053] The site layout model includes an input part, an optimization part and an output part. The input part includes first determining the available site of the construction site, determining the maximum consumption rate of various materials required for construction based on the 3D building model of the proposed building and the construction schedule, determining the maximum storage capacity of materials through the maximum consumption rate of materials and the time interval between two adjacent batches of purchases, and then determining the size of the storage facility in combination with the specific shapes of various materials and the actual available site conditions of the construction site, determining the number of required processing machines based on the material consumption level and the size and processing capacity of the required processing machines, determining the size of the processing facilities in combination with construction convenience and processing safety, and then determining the comprehensive relationship between temporary facilities based on the logistics relationship and non-logistics relationship between temporary facilities, providing a basis for the next step of establishing a mathematical model;

[0054] The objective function is established according to the logistics relationship and non-logistics relationship of the temporary facilities, and the penalty function is established according to the constraints of the site layout to modify the objective function so that it can form the fitness value function of the particle swarm algorithm;

[0055] The arrangement is carried out according to the results obtained by the particle swarm algorithm, and adjustments are made according to the actual situation to complete the optimal construction site arrangement.

[0056] In this embodiment, the size of the storage facility is determined by the size and quantity of the materials it stores. The amount of material stored in the storage facility depends on the material consumption and the time interval between two consecutive deliveries. The corresponding expression is A c =C×R×S×T, where A c represents the size of the storage facility; C represents a constant greater than 1, which is used to represent the spacing requirements for material storage and the space required for easy access; R represents the area required for a unit amount of material; S represents the peak consumption rate of the material during the construction phase; and T represents the time interval between two shipments; the size of the processing facility is the size and number of the processing machines. The number of processing machines depends on the amount of material to be processed per unit time. The corresponding expression is: Among them, A j represents the size of the processing facility, K represents a constant for convenient and safe settings for processing activities, the value of K is greater than 1, and V represents the processing rate;

[0057] Logistics analysis is to find the total transportation cost, which is the sum of the transportation costs between temporary facilities. The corresponding expression is Where f1 represents the total transportation cost, n represents the total number of temporary facilities, e ij represents the unit price of material transportation between facility i and facility j; the types and shapes of materials transported between temporary facilities are different; f ij is the total amount of materials transported between facility i and facility j, d ij represents the distance d between facility i and facility j ij The calculation expression is d ij =|x i -x j |+|y i -y j |, where x i ,y i They represent the coordinates of the centroid of temporary facility i at the construction site, x j ,y j represents the coordinates of the centroid of temporary facility j in the construction site;

[0058] Non-logistics analysis is to find out the closeness of temporary facilities. The corresponding expression is: f2 represents the total closeness between temporary facilities, r ij Indicates the closeness between temporary facilities i and j; c ij represents the correlation factor between temporary facilities i and j, and the correlation factor c ij The distance d between temporary facilities i and j ij The maximum possible distance d between the temporary facilities max to be sure.

[0059] It should be noted that the objective function established with the goal of minimizing the logistics cost and maximizing the non-logistics relationship between temporary facilities is f=w1f1-w2f2. The minimum value of function f is the target value. w1 and w2 represent weight factors. The values ​​of w1 and w2 depend on the relative importance of the logistics cost and closeness between temporary facilities in specific construction activities. If the importance of logistics cost is high, the value of w1 is large, otherwise the value of w1 is small. According to the constraint conditions, the penalty function is introduced to correct the objective function, and the corrected function is used as the fitness function of the particle swarm algorithm. The expression of the constraint conditions is: (1) (2) Formula (1) and (2) respectively indicate that temporary facilities are located within the construction site where they can be arranged, and formula (3) and (4) respectively indicate that temporary facilities do not overlap each other in length and width and have a certain safety distance. i 、w i They represent the length of temporary facility i in the x and y directions, l j 、w j Respectively represent the length of the temporary facility in the x direction and the y direction, sx ij and sy ij Indicates the maximum and minimum coordinate values ​​of the construction site in the x direction, and the y direction. max ,y min Indicates the maximum and minimum coordinates of the construction site that can be arranged in the y direction;

[0060] The penalty function transforms the constrained optimization problem into an unconstrained optimization problem. The penalty function expression established according to the constraints is:

[0061] , when x satisfies the constraints, the penalty function is zero; when x does not satisfy the constraints, the penalty function is positive, and penalties are imposed on examples that do not satisfy the constraints;

[0062] After applying the penalty function to establish the fitness value function of the example swarm algorithm, other parameters in the example swarm algorithm are set according to the actual situation, and then the solution calculation is performed. The fitness value function f of the particle swarm algorithms The expression for f s =w1f1+w2f2+f3.

[0063] It should be understood that the comprehensive relationship between temporary facilities is determined according to the system layout design. The relationship between temporary facilities includes logistics relationship and non-logistics relationship. For temporary facilities with large material transportation volume, the logistics relationship is mainly considered, and for temporary facilities with small material transportation volume, the non-logistics relationship is mainly considered. For the entire construction site layout, the logistics relationship and the non-logistics relationship are equally important. For the logistics part, such as material and construction transportation, quantitative calculations can be performed. According to the relevant information of the construction site, the transportation unit price, total transportation volume and transportation distance of various materials can be determined, and the transportation costs between temporary facilities can be summed to determine the total cost of material transportation. For the non-logistics part, such as the integration and safety between temporary facilities, it is also very important for the layout of the construction site, and it needs to be qualitatively evaluated. The qualitative evaluation first needs to select the influencing factors of the non-logistics relationship, set weights for each factor, and then classify these factors. Finally, the non-logistics relationship between temporary facilities is determined by weighted summation. After determining the logistics relationship and non-logistics relationship of temporary facilities, weights are set according to the relative importance of logistics relationship and non-logistics relationship, and the comprehensive relationship between temporary facilities is determined by weighted summation.

[0064] Optionally, obtaining measurement data of a large underground cavern group and establishing a corresponding ventilation network based on the measurement data include:

[0065] Use a wet thermometer and a precision barometer to measure the dry-bulb temperature and wet-bulb temperature and atmospheric pressure of each measuring point, and calculate the air density of the measuring point. The calculation expression is: Among them, ρ represents the density of air, P represents the absolute static pressure of air, and P s represents the absolute partial pressure of saturated water vapor, φ represents the relative humidity of air, and T represents the absolute temperature of air;

[0066] The cross-sectional area of ​​a trapezoidal or rectangular tunnel is S L =B L ×H L , where S L Indicates the cross-sectional area of ​​the tunnel, B L Indicates the lane width or waistline length, H L Represents the full height of the tunnel; the corresponding measuring point wind speed is expressed by the measured speed according to the expression Among them, V represents the speed of the measuring point, S represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the tunnel, 0.4 represents the side area of ​​the human body, a and b represent the correction coefficients of the wind meter, and x represents the meter speed;

[0067] The velocity pressure at the measuring point is H V =ρV2 / 2, where H V represents the density of air, ρ represents the density of air, and V represents the wind speed at the measuring point.

[0068] In this embodiment, the air volume passing through the lane between the two side points is determined according to the following principles: (1) the lane between the two side points has no branch, and the air volume passing through the lane is the average of the air volumes of the two measuring points; (2) a measuring point is set before the wind flow branching point, and the air volume passing through the lane between the two measuring points is the air volume of the latter measuring point; (3) a measuring point is set after the wind flow branching point, and the air volume passing through the lane between the two measuring points is the air volume of the former measuring point;

[0069] When using a precision barometer to measure each measuring point, the calculation expression of the static pressure difference, potential pressure difference, and velocity pressure difference between two measuring points is H S (i,i+1)=[B(i)-B(i+1)]+[B'(i)-B'(i+1)], the pressure difference is The speed pressure difference is H V (i,i+1)=H V (i)-H V (i+1), the ventilation resistance between the two sides is calculated as H r (i,i+1)=H S (i,i+1)+H Z (i,i+1)+H V (i,i+1), where B(i) and B(i+1) represent the readings of the precision barometer at the measuring points i and i+1 before and after the tunnel, respectively; B'(i) and B'(i+1) represent the readings of the base barometer when the cave barometer reads B(i) and B(i+1), respectively; Z(i) and Z(i+1) represent the elevations of the measuring points i and i+1, and ρ(i) and ρ(i+1) represent the air density at the measuring points i and i+1;

[0070] The expression of tunnel wind resistance is: The corresponding wind resistance per 100 meters is R 100 Among them, L(i,i+1) represents the length of the tunnel between measuring points i and i+1.

[0071] It should be noted that a precision barometer is used for point-by-point measurement, and a base barometer is set up near the tunnel to detect and record the changes in ground air pressure to reflect the impact of ground air pressure changes on the readings of the measuring points and ensure the reliability of the measurement results of the measuring points.

[0072] Optionally, a ventilation movement model is established based on the site layout model and the ventilation network, and ventilation control is performed on the large underground cavern group according to the ventilation movement model and the measured data to complete the layout of ventilation and smoke exhaust facilities, including:

[0073] The CFD algorithm is used to detect the temperature change of materials in the underground cavern during ventilation, and a mathematical model of the temperature change of materials with ventilation is obtained. The CFD algorithm execution process includes:

[0074] Taking the square storage material as the object, the mass increase of the material microelement per unit time is equal to the physical mass flowing into the microelement per unit time. The mass conservation equation is: Where ρ' represents the fluid density, u i represents the velocity component in the i direction, which has three components in the x, y, and z directions. t represents time, and x i Represents the i-direction coordinate, which has three directions: x, y, and z;

[0075] The energy increase of the material microelement per unit time will be equal to the sum of the energy of the microelement within that time. The energy conservation equation of the material is: Among them, ρ1 represents the material density, k represents the thermal conductivity, S h represents the volume heat source, h represents the thermodynamic temperature, and the corresponding expression is Here, T represents absolute temperature.

[0076] In this embodiment, Matlab is used to fit the material temperature prediction trend during the ventilation process, and a mathematical model relationship between the material temperature T and the ventilation time t is calculated as T = 29.919e -0 .004t;

[0077] The unit energy consumption of the simulated ventilation process is calculated. The unit energy consumption of cooling ventilation is calculated as E t =∑W t / (t 初 -t 终 )G, where E t Indicates the unit energy consumption to reduce the material temperature, ∑W t Indicates the cumulative power consumption, t 初 ,t 终 It indicates the material temperature before and after ventilation, and G indicates the mass of the ventilated material.

[0078] It should be noted that when it is predicted that the material temperature reaches the safety threshold, it is necessary to simulate and predict the changes in the material during the ventilation process. First, analyze the real environment of the material, simplify the factors affecting the material, establish a material geometry model and mesh the material model, import the processed model into Fluent, set parameters such as boundary conditions and import training data, and calculate the reduced-order one-dimensional digital model of the material changes during the ventilation process based on the training results. The obtained digital model is added to the decision library, thereby realizing the simulation of the actual ventilation state of the material and improving the work efficiency of the layout of combined ventilation and smoke exhaust facilities in large underground caverns.

[0079] In all examples shown and described herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limiting, and thus other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0080] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0081] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for arranging combined ventilation and smoke exhaust facilities for a large underground cavern group, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Obtaining site layout planning information of combined ventilation and smoke exhaust facilities of large underground caverns, and establishing a site layout model based on the site layout planning information, wherein the site layout planning information includes layout problems and optimization objectives; Obtain measurement data of large underground caverns and establish corresponding ventilation networks based on the measurement data, where the measurement data include air density, tunnel cross-sectional area, wind speed at measurement points, velocity pressure at measurement points, and air volume between measurement points; A ventilation movement model is established based on the site layout model and ventilation network, and ventilation control is carried out on large underground cavern groups according to the ventilation movement model and measured data to complete the layout of ventilation and smoke exhaust facilities.

2. The method for arranging combined ventilation and smoke exhaust facilities for a large underground cavern group according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Obtain site layout planning information for combined ventilation and smoke exhaust facilities in large underground caverns, including: According to the flow relationship between facilities, the distance relationship between their locations, and the product of the flow between facilities and the distance between the locations of facilities as the cost of the layout problem; The preset set F = {1, 2...n} represents n facilities, the set L = {1, 2...n} represents n locations, i and j represent the numbers of two facilities, f ij Refers to the flow of goods between corresponding facilities, d ij represents the distance between the corresponding facilities, then f ij d ij represents the cost required to arrange facilities i and j at the corresponding locations. The optimization objective of the corresponding arrangement problem can be expressed as follows: Where Π represents the set of layout problems, p(i) and p(j) represent the locations of facilities i and j; According to expression (1), the cost of transporting site materials from one temporary facility to another can be expressed as the product of the logistics volume and the transportation distance. The total transportation cost of construction site materials is expressed as Where n represents the total number of facilities, d ij represents the length of the path between facility i and facility j, E ij It represents the cost per unit distance of transporting materials from facility i to facility j.

3. The method for arranging combined ventilation and smoke exhaust facilities for a large underground cavern group according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Also includes: The SLP algorithm is used to analyze the logistics relationship and non-logistics relationship between the temporary equipment at the facility layout site, and the comprehensive correlation between the facilities is obtained through weighted calculation. The corresponding expression is: Among them, b ij It represents the correlation factor between temporary facilities i and j, and its value varies with the distance d ij The increase of c ij It represents the closeness between temporary facility i and temporary facility j, and the corresponding total objective function is F = minF1 + maxF2; Convert the maximum value of the facility relationship objective function F2 to the minimum value of its reciprocal F3. The expression of F3 is: Among them, F1 and F3 are related to the variable d ij and F1 and F3 are related to variable d ij is positively correlated, then the total objective function of the multi-objective problem can be expressed as The minimum value of .

4. The method for arranging combined ventilation and smoke exhaust facilities for a large underground cavern group according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Establish a site layout model based on the site layout planning information, including: The site layout model includes an input part, an optimization part and an output part. The input part includes first determining the available site of the construction site, determining the maximum consumption rate of various materials required for construction based on the 3D building model of the proposed building and the construction schedule, determining the maximum storage capacity of materials through the maximum consumption rate of materials and the time interval between two adjacent batches of purchases, and then determining the size of the storage facility in combination with the specific shapes of various materials and the actual available site conditions of the construction site, determining the number of required processing machines based on the material consumption level and the size and processing capacity of the required processing machines, determining the size of the processing facilities in combination with construction convenience and processing safety, and then determining the comprehensive relationship between temporary facilities based on the logistics relationship and non-logistics relationship between temporary facilities, providing a basis for the next step of establishing a mathematical model; The objective function is established according to the logistics relationship and non-logistics relationship of the temporary facilities, and the penalty function is established according to the constraints of the site layout to modify the objective function so that it can form the fitness value function of the particle swarm algorithm; The arrangement is carried out according to the results obtained by the particle swarm algorithm, and adjustments are made according to the actual situation to complete the optimal construction site arrangement.

5. The method for arranging combined ventilation and smoke exhaust facilities for a large underground cavern group according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The size of a storage facility is determined by the size and quantity of the materials it stores. The amount of material stored in a storage facility depends on the material consumption and the time interval between two consecutive deliveries. The corresponding expression is A c =C×R×S×T, where A c Indicates the size of the storage facility; C is a constant greater than 1, used to indicate the spacing requirements for material storage and the space required for easy access, R is the area required for a unit quantity of material, S is the peak consumption rate of the material during the construction phase, and T is the time interval between two shipments; The size of the processing facility is determined by the size and number of processing machines. The number of processing machines depends on the amount of material to be processed per unit time. The corresponding expression is Among them, A j represents the size of the processing facility, K represents a constant for convenient and safe settings for processing activities, the value of K is greater than 1, and V represents the processing rate; Logistics analysis is to find the total transportation cost, which is the sum of the transportation costs between temporary facilities. The corresponding expression is Where f1 represents the total transportation cost, n represents the total number of temporary facilities, e ij represents the unit price of material transportation between facility i and facility j; the types and shapes of materials transported between temporary facilities are different; f ij is the total amount of materials transported between facility i and facility j, d ij represents the distance d between facility i and facility j ij The calculation expression is d ij =|x i -x j |+|y i -y j |, where x i ,y i They represent the coordinates of the centroid of temporary facility i at the construction site, x j ,y j represents the coordinates of the centroid of temporary facility j in the construction site; Non-logistics analysis is to find out the closeness of temporary facilities. The corresponding expression is: f2 represents the total closeness between temporary facilities, r ij Indicates the closeness between temporary facilities i and j; c ij represents the correlation factor between temporary facilities i and j, and the correlation factor c ij The distance d between temporary facilities i and j ij The maximum possible distance d between the temporary facilities max to be sure.

6. The method for arranging combined ventilation and smoke exhaust facilities for a large underground cavern group according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The objective function established with the goal of minimizing the logistics cost and maximizing the non-logistics relationship between temporary facilities is f = w1f1-w2f2. The minimum value of function f is the target value. w1 and w2 represent weight factors. The values ​​of w1 and w2 depend on the relative importance of the logistics cost and closeness between temporary facilities in specific construction activities. If the importance of logistics cost is high, the value of w1 is large, otherwise the value of w1 is small. According to the constraint conditions, the penalty function is introduced to modify the objective function, and the modified function is used as the fitness function of the particle swarm algorithm. The constraint condition expression is: Formula (1) and (2) respectively indicate that temporary facilities are located within the construction site where they can be arranged, and formula (3) and (4) respectively indicate that temporary facilities do not overlap each other in length and width and have a certain safety distance. i 、w i They represent the length of temporary facility i in the x and y directions, l j 、w j Respectively represent the length of the temporary facility in the x direction and the y direction, sx ij and sy ij Indicates the maximum and minimum coordinate values ​​of the construction site in the x direction, and the y direction. max ,y min Indicates the maximum and minimum coordinates of the construction site that can be arranged in the y direction; The penalty function transforms the constrained optimization problem into an unconstrained optimization problem. The penalty function expression established according to the constraints is: , When x satisfies the constraints, the penalty function is zero; when x does not satisfy the constraints, the penalty function is positive, imposing penalties on examples that do not satisfy the constraints; After applying the penalty function to establish the fitness value function of the example swarm algorithm, other parameters in the example swarm algorithm are set according to the actual situation, and then the solution calculation is performed. The fitness value function f of the particle swarm algorithm s The expression for f s =w1f1+w2f2+f3.

7. The method for arranging combined ventilation and smoke exhaust facilities for a large underground cavern group according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Obtain measurement data of large underground caverns and establish corresponding ventilation networks based on the measurement data, including: Use a wet thermometer and a precision barometer to measure the dry-bulb temperature and wet-bulb temperature and atmospheric pressure of each measuring point, and calculate the air density of the measuring point. The calculation expression is: Among them, ρ represents the density of air, P represents the absolute static pressure of air, and P s represents the absolute partial pressure of saturated water vapor, φ represents the relative humidity of air, and T represents the absolute temperature of air; The cross-sectional area of ​​a trapezoidal or rectangular tunnel is S L =B L ×H L , where S L Indicates the cross-sectional area of ​​the tunnel, B L Indicates the lane width or waistline length, H L Represents the full height of the tunnel; the corresponding measuring point wind speed is expressed by the measured speed according to the expression Among them, V represents the speed of the measuring point, S represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the tunnel, 0.4 represents the side area of ​​the human body, a and b represent the correction coefficients of the wind meter, and x represents the meter speed; The velocity pressure at the measuring point is H V =ρV 2 / 2, where H V represents the density of air, ρ represents the density of air, and V represents the wind speed at the measuring point.

8. The method for arranging combined ventilation and smoke exhaust facilities for a large underground cavern group according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The determination of the air volume passing through the lane between the two points follows the following principles: (1) There is no bifurcation in the lane between the two points, and the air volume passing through the lane is the average of the air volumes at the two measuring points; (2) A measuring point is set before the wind flow bifurcation point, and the air volume passing through the lane between the two measuring points is the air volume at the next measuring point; (3) A measuring point is set after the wind flow bifurcation point, and the air volume passing through the lane between the two measuring points is the air volume at the previous measuring point; When using a precision barometer to measure each measuring point, the calculation expression of the static pressure difference, potential pressure difference, and velocity pressure difference between two measuring points is H S (i,i+1)=[B(i)-B(i+1)]+[B'(i)-B'(i+1)], the pressure difference is The speed pressure difference is H V (i,i+1)=H V (i)-H V (i+1), the ventilation resistance between the two sides is calculated as H r (i,i+1)=H S (i,i+1)+H Z (i,i+1)+H V (i,i+1), where B(i) and B(i+1) represent the readings of the precision barometer at the measuring points i and i+1 before and after the tunnel, respectively; B'(i) and B'(i+1) represent the readings of the base barometer when the cave barometer reads B(i) and B(i+1), respectively; Z(i) and Z(i+1) represent the elevations of the measuring points i and i+1, and ρ(i) and ρ(i+1) represent the air density at the measuring points i and i+1; The expression of tunnel wind resistance is: The corresponding wind resistance per 100 meters is R 100 Among them, L(i,i+1) represents the length of the tunnel between measuring points i and i+1.

9. The method for arranging combined ventilation and smoke exhaust facilities for a large underground cavern group according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A ventilation movement model is established based on the site layout model and ventilation network, and ventilation control is performed on large underground caverns according to the ventilation movement model and measured data to complete the layout of ventilation and smoke exhaust facilities, including: The CFD algorithm is used to detect the temperature change of materials in the underground cavern during ventilation, and a mathematical model of the temperature change of materials with ventilation is obtained. The CFD algorithm execution process includes: Taking the square storage material as the object, the mass increase of the material microelement per unit time is equal to the physical mass flowing into the microelement per unit time. The mass conservation equation is: =0, where ρ' represents the fluid density, u i represents the velocity component in the i direction, which has three components in the x, y, and z directions. t represents time, and x i Represents the i-direction coordinate, which has three directions: x, y, and z; The energy increase of the material microelement per unit time will be equal to the sum of the energy of the microelement within that time. The energy conservation equation of the material is: Among them, ρ1 represents the material density, k represents the thermal conductivity, S h represents the volume heat source, h represents the thermodynamic temperature, and the corresponding expression is Here, T represents absolute temperature.

10. The method for arranging combined ventilation and smoke exhaust facilities for a large underground cavern group according to claim 9, characterized in that: Matlab was used to fit the material temperature prediction trend of the ventilation process, and a mathematical model relationship between the material temperature T and the ventilation time t was calculated as T = 29.919e -0.004t ; The unit energy consumption of the simulated ventilation process is calculated. The unit energy consumption of cooling ventilation is calculated as E t =∑W t / (t 初 -t 终 )G, where E t Indicates the unit energy consumption to reduce the material temperature, ∑W t Indicates the cumulative power consumption, t 初 ,t 终 It indicates the material temperature before and after ventilation, and G indicates the mass of the ventilated material.

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