Stator and rotor module and multi-module excitation motor

Abstract

The stator and rotor module comprises a plurality of stator modules and a plurality of rotor modules, the stator modules and the rotor modules are arranged in the axial direction, and a magnetism isolating ring is arranged between every two adjacent stator modules. The rotor module comprises a rotor ring, two rows of rotor teeth circumferentially arranged in the rotor ring and a redundant excitation winding arranged between the two rows of rotor teeth, the stator module comprises a plurality of stator cores, permanent magnets and armature windings, the stator cores are of a U-shaped structure, the permanent magnets are located between the adjacent stator cores, and the armature windings are arranged between the permanent magnets. The stator cores and the permanent magnets define an annular structure, and the armature winding is wound in the annular structure defined by the stator cores and the permanent magnets. According to the invention, the fault-tolerant capability and higher torque density of the motor can be well improved, the requirements of direct driving occasions such as electric vehicles can be met, the speed regulation range of the motor is effectively expanded, the flux-weakening speed regulation capability of the motor is enhanced, and the requirement of the electric vehicles for running in a wide speed range is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of motor manufacturing, and in particular to a stator-rotor module and a multi-module excitation motor. Background Art

[0002] Since the 21st century, research on electric vehicles has become one of the main contents of today's industrial development. Electric vehicles have received more attention as a target to replace gasoline engines, which has led to the rapid development of the electric vehicle industry. Permanent magnet motors have the advantages of low noise, high efficiency, easy maintenance and high reliability, and are widely used in electric vehicles, general industry and household appliances. The permanent magnet motor includes a housing, a stator and a rotor. The stator and the rotor are arranged inside the housing. The motor structure in which the permanent magnet is attached to the inner surface of the stator teeth has been widely studied due to its advantages such as high torque density, high mechanical strength of the rotor, and easy heat dissipation of the permanent magnet attached to the inner surface of the stator teeth. However, permanent magnet motors still cannot provide a sufficiently large torque density, resulting in limited power improvement. At the same time, the current motor structure still has the problem of increasing the electrical load and increasing the magnetic load, which makes it difficult to adjust the permanent magnet flux and the motor speed regulation range is limited. In summary, how to further improve the motor's fault tolerance, torque density, and expand the motor's speed regulation range and capability has important research significance and application value. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a stator-rotor module and a multi-module excitation motor.

[0004] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] A stator-rotor module comprises a stator module and a rotor module located outside the stator module, an air gap exists between the stator module and the rotor module, the rotor module comprises a rotor ring, two rows of rotor teeth circumferentially arranged inside the rotor ring, and a redundant excitation winding arranged between the two rows of rotor teeth; the stator module comprises a stator core, a permanent magnet, and an armature winding, the stator core is a U-shaped structure and is provided with a plurality of them, a plurality of permanent magnets are provided and are located between adjacent stator cores, the permanent magnets are also a U-shaped structure having the same structure as the stator core, the stator cores and the permanent magnets each form an annular structure, and the armature winding is wound in the annular structure formed by the stator core and the permanent magnets.

[0006] According to the above technical solution, preferably, the two rows of rotor teeth inside the rotor ring are respectively arranged opposite to the two ends of each stator core, and the two rows of rotor teeth are staggered along the circumferential direction. Specifically, 12 rotor teeth are arranged in the rotor module, with 6 in each row.

[0007] According to the above technical solution, preferably, the number of the stator cores is the same as that of the permanent magnets, and the magnetization directions of adjacent permanent magnets are opposite, that is, tangential magnetization. Specifically, the stator module includes 12 stator cores, 12 permanent magnets and 1 set of armature windings.

[0008] According to the above technical solution, preferably, the permanent magnet is made of neodymium iron boron, samarium cobalt or ferrite permanent magnet material, and the stator core, rotor ring and rotor teeth are made of silicon steel sheets or amorphous alloy materials.

[0009] The present application also discloses a multi-module excitation motor, comprising the above-mentioned stator and rotor modules, wherein the stator modules and rotor modules are arranged in multiple groups along the axial direction, and magnetic isolation rings are arranged between adjacent stator modules, wherein the rotor teeth at the same position in each rotor module have a phase difference of (360 / m / P r )°, where m is the number of phases, P r is the number of rotor poles.

[0010] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0011] The present invention has a higher utilization of permanent magnets, and the torque density and power density of the motor are effectively improved. Under the condition of a certain power, the magnetic field concentration principle is used to further improve the air gap magnetic density and output torque, which can meet the requirements of direct drive occasions such as electric vehicles;

[0012] The present invention has a higher stator space utilization rate, can form a protective structure for the armature winding, so that the winding is not easily damaged by machinery, and can improve the fault tolerance and torque density of the motor. It can be used for both power generation and electric operation, and can be applied to multiple scene modes, with great market application prospects.

[0013] In the present invention, the redundant excitation winding is located in the rotor module. Controlling the current excitation direction of the redundant excitation winding can produce the effect of strengthening or weakening the motor magnetic field, which is convenient for charging and demagnetizing, realizes the magnetic adjustment function, expands the motor speed regulation range, enhances the motor weak magnetic speed regulation capability, and meets the requirements of electric vehicles operating within a wide speed range. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the stator module part of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the rotor module part of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the stator core and permanent magnet part of the present invention.

[0018] In the figure: 1. stator core; 2. permanent magnet; 3. rotor ring; 4. rotor teeth; 5. armature winding; 6. redundant excitation winding; 7. magnetic isolation ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the best embodiment. Based on the embodiments in the invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0020] In the description of the invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside" and "outside" etc. indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limitations on the invention.

[0021] In addition, it should be noted that in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "setting", and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or the internal connection of two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0022] Embodiment 1: As shown in the figure, the present invention includes a stator module and a rotor module located outside the stator module, there is an air gap between the stator module and the rotor module, and the rotor module includes a rotor ring 3, two rows of rotor teeth 4 arranged circumferentially inside the rotor ring 3, and a redundant excitation winding 6 arranged between the two rows of rotor teeth 4. Among them, the two rows of rotor teeth 4 inside the rotor ring 3 are respectively arranged relative to the two ends of each stator core 1, and the two rows of rotor teeth 4 are staggered in the circumferential direction. There is a section of magnetic flux path along the axial direction of the motor in the magnetic flux path formed, which ensures that the magnetic circuit of the motor is unobstructed and the magnetic flux direction changes alternately. Specifically, in this example, 12 rotor teeth 4 are preferably arranged in the rotor module, and adjacent rotor teeth 4 differ by 30° in the circumferential direction, with 6 in each row. The rotor yoke of each rotor module is provided with a redundant excitation winding 6, and the excitation direction of the winding current is adjusted, which can achieve the effect of strengthening or weakening the magnetic density of the core, facilitate the demagnetization of the motor, enhance the weak magnetic speed regulation capability of the motor, and thus expand the speed regulation range of the motor.

[0023] The stator module includes a stator core 1, a permanent magnet 2 and an armature winding 5. The stator core 1 is a U-shaped structure and is provided with a plurality of them. The permanent magnet 2 is provided with a plurality of them and is located between each adjacent stator core 1. The cross-sectional shapes of the stator core 1 and the permanent magnet 2 are both U-shaped. Each of the stator cores 1 and the permanent magnet 2 forms a ring structure, and the armature winding 5 is wound in the ring structure formed by the stator core 1 and the permanent magnet 2. Among them, the number of the stator core 1 and the permanent magnet 2 is the same, and the magnetization directions of the adjacent permanent magnets 2 are opposite, which is tangential magnetization. Since the magnetization directions of the adjacent permanent magnets 2 are opposite, the rotor rotates by an angle of one magnetic pole, the direction of the magnetic flux in the rotor changes, and then the magnetic flux of the armature winding 5 turns alternates, and the armature winding 5 induces an alternating electromotive force. Specifically, the stator module includes 12 stator cores 1, 12 permanent magnets 2 and a set of armature windings 5. In this example, the magnetic focusing structure in which the stator cores 1 and the permanent magnets 2 are placed alternately can produce the effect of focusing magnetic flux, thereby increasing the air gap magnetic flux density and generating a higher torque density. In this example, the permanent magnets 2 are preferably made of neodymium iron boron, samarium cobalt or ferrite permanent magnet materials, and the stator core 1, rotor ring 3 and rotor teeth 4 are made of silicon steel sheets or amorphous alloy materials. Since the magnetization directions of adjacent permanent magnets 2 are opposite, as the rotor rotates, the direction of the magnetic flux path changes alternately, thereby generating an alternating induced potential.

[0024] Embodiment 2: Based on the above embodiment 1, since the single-phase motor module is shorter in axial direction, it is easy to realize multi-phase motor design, that is, the present application also discloses a multi-module excitation motor, including the above-mentioned stator-rotor module, wherein the stator module and the rotor module are arranged in multiple groups along the axial direction, and a magnetic isolation ring 7 is arranged between adjacent stator modules to reduce magnetic leakage. Among them, the rotor teeth 4 at the same position in each rotor module differ by (360 / m / Pr)°, wherein m is the number of phases, and Pr is the number of rotor poles, constituting a multi-phase rotor module, which can realize the phase-loss operation of the motor and improve the fault tolerance of the motor. In this example, m motor modules with the same structure are coaxially combined, and the adjacent single-phase motor modules are staggered by (360 / m) electrical angles, wherein m is the number of motor phases, constituting a multi-phase motor structure, realizing the multi-phase and phase-loss operation of the motor, and improving the fault tolerance of the motor.

[0025] Embodiment 3: Based on the above embodiment 2, the present application also discloses a use of a multi-module excitation motor, which can be operated as a generator or as a motor. When operating as a generator, all armature windings 5 ​​do not need to be energized; when operating as a motor, all windings need to be energized, the rotor rotates, and the magnitude of the current of the redundant excitation winding 6 on the rotor is controlled to achieve the magnitude of the magnetic field generated by the excitation winding. By controlling the magnitude of the current of the redundant excitation winding 6 on the rotor, the excitation winding can be controlled to generate an excitation magnetic field in the same direction or opposite direction as the armature magnetic field, thereby achieving the effect of strengthening or weakening the armature magnetic field, that is, the armature magnetic field is charged and demagnetized, and then the magnitude of the magnetic density of the motor core is adjusted to achieve the magnetic adjustment function, and the output torque of the motor is controlled. When the motor is about to reach the rated speed, the current excitation direction of the redundant excitation winding 6 can be adjusted to achieve the weak magnetic speed regulation function of the motor, expand the speed regulation range of the motor, and facilitate control.

[0026] The present invention has a higher utilization of permanent magnets, and the torque density and power density of the motor are effectively improved. Under the condition of a certain power, the magnetic field concentration principle is used to further improve the air gap magnetic density and output torque, which can meet the requirements of direct drive occasions such as electric vehicles; the present invention has a higher stator space utilization rate, and can form a protective structure for the armature winding, so that the winding is not easily damaged by mechanical damage, and at the same time can better improve the fault tolerance and higher torque density of the motor, which can be used for both power generation and electric operation, and can be applied to multiple scene modes, with great market application prospects; in the present invention, the redundant excitation winding is located in the rotor module, and the current excitation direction of the redundant excitation winding is controlled, which can produce the effect of strengthening or weakening the magnetic field of the motor, facilitate charging and demagnetization, realize the magnetic adjustment function, expand the speed regulation range of the motor, enhance the weak magnetic speed regulation capability of the motor, and meet the requirements of electric vehicles operating within a wide speed range.

[0027] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A stator-rotor module, comprising a stator module and a rotor module located outside the stator module, wherein an air gap exists between the stator module and the rotor module, and characterized in that: The rotor module comprises a rotor ring (3), two rows of rotor teeth (4) circumferentially arranged inside the rotor ring (3), and a redundant excitation winding (6) arranged between the two rows of rotor teeth (4); The stator module comprises a stator core (1), a permanent magnet (2) and an armature winding (5); the stator core (1) is a U-shaped structure and is provided with a plurality of them; the permanent magnet (2) is provided with a plurality of them and is located between adjacent stator cores (1); the stator cores (1) and the permanent magnets (2) form an annular structure; and the armature winding (5) is wound in the annular structure formed by the stator core (1) and the permanent magnets (2).

2. A stator-rotor module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two rows of rotor teeth (4) inside the rotor ring (3) are respectively arranged opposite to the two ends of each stator core (1), and the two rows of rotor teeth (4) are staggeredly distributed along the circumferential direction.

3. A stator-rotor module according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rotor module is provided with 12 rotor teeth (4), with 6 in each row.

4. A stator-rotor module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the stator core (1) and the number of the permanent magnets (2) are the same, and the magnetization directions of adjacent permanent magnets (2) are opposite, that is, tangential magnetization.

5. A stator-rotor module according to claim 4, characterized in that: The stator module comprises 12 stator cores (1), 12 permanent magnets (2) and a set of armature windings (5).

6. The stator-rotor module according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The permanent magnet (2) is made of neodymium iron boron, samarium cobalt or ferrite permanent magnet material, and the stator core (1), rotor ring (3) and rotor teeth (4) are made of silicon steel sheets or amorphous alloy materials.

7. A multi-module excitation motor, comprising a stator and rotor module as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The stator modules and rotor modules are arranged in multiple groups along the axial direction, and magnetic isolation rings (7) are arranged between adjacent stator modules.

8. The multi-module excitation motor according to claim 7, characterized in that: The rotor teeth (4) at the same position in each of the rotor modules differ in phase by (360 / m / Pr)°, wherein m is the number of phases and Pr is the number of rotor poles.

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