Double-shaft photovoltaic tracking support capable of dynamically adjusting azimuth angle

Abstract

The invention discloses a double-shaft photovoltaic tracking support capable of dynamically adjusting an azimuth angle, belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic module accessories, and aims to improve the power generation efficiency of a whole system. According to the scheme, the system comprises a double-shaft photovoltaic support and a meteorological rod, the photovoltaic support is provided with a photovoltaic panel, a driving module and a tracking controller, the meteorological rod is provided with a sensor and a communication controller, and the tracking controller is in communication connection with the communication controller. The photovoltaic support and the meteorological rod can be independently and flexibly arranged, and the azimuth angle and the elevation angle of the support can be dynamically adjusted through a control program according to the position and the motion trail of the sun and parameters such as the angle, the current and the voltage of the cell panel, so that the maximum power generation efficiency is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a bracket for installing a photovoltaic panel, belonging to the technical field of photovoltaic module accessories. Background Art

[0002] With the development of solar energy technology, photovoltaic tracking systems have emerged to improve the energy conversion efficiency of solar panels. The construction of centralized photovoltaic power stations in China faces the problem of less and less available flat land, more and more complex terrain, and more and more expensive land prices. Especially as photovoltaic module technology becomes more and more mature and the possibility of reducing costs through technology becomes smaller and smaller, the value of reducing the cost per kilowatt-hour and increasing the project rate of return through tracking brackets has become increasingly prominent and has been unanimously recognized by the industry. Among the tracking brackets, the dual-axis tracking bracket technology is the most complex and is also the structural form that increases the highest power generation.

[0003] A Chinese patent with patent publication number CN116938106A discloses a dual-axis tracking photovoltaic bracket, including a fixed column, a crossbeam and a supporting beam. A driving device is arranged on the crossbeam, and the driving device drives the crossbeam to rotate; the supporting beam is fixedly connected to the crossbeam, and bearing seats are fixedly arranged at both ends of the upper side of the supporting beam, and a rotating shaft is passed through the bearing seat. A power device is fixed on the crossbeam, and the power device drives the rotating shaft to rotate. At least two sprockets are fixed on the rotating shaft, and matching chains are arranged on the sprockets. The chains are used to connect the sprockets on adjacent rotating shafts, wherein two chains arranged on the same rotating shaft are grouped together, and at least one group of sprockets connected by the chains are not on the same rotating shaft; through the chains and sprockets, a driving member drives all the connected rotating shafts to rotate, thereby realizing the adjustment of the angle of the photovoltaic panel relative to the axis of the crossbeam, realizing multi-angle adjustment of the photovoltaic panel, and achieving better light tracking effect.

[0004] Currently, dual-axis tracking brackets are usually controlled independently, and each bracket is equipped with sensors, controllers and other equipment, which is not flexible in installation and layout.

[0005] Any discussion of the background technology throughout the specification does not mean that the background technology is necessarily the prior art known to technicians in the relevant field; any discussion of the prior art throughout the specification does not mean that the prior art is necessarily widely known. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention aims to provide a dual-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket with dynamically adjusted azimuth angle to improve the power generation efficiency of the entire system.

[0007] The dual-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket with dynamic azimuth adjustment in this scheme includes a dual-axis photovoltaic bracket and a meteorological pole. The photovoltaic bracket is provided with a photovoltaic panel, a drive module and a tracking controller, and the meteorological pole is provided with a sensor and a communication controller. The tracking controller and the communication controller are communicatively connected.

[0008] Sensors are used to collect environmental data, which is then transmitted to the communication controller for analysis and execution. The execution is then transmitted to the tracking controller via a wired or wireless communication connection. The tracking controller then issues instructions to the drive module, which adjusts the attitude of the photovoltaic panel through a dual-axis adjustment mechanism. The photovoltaic bracket and meteorological pole can be set independently and flexibly. The control program can be used to dynamically adjust the azimuth and elevation of the bracket according to the position and movement trajectory of the sun, as well as the angle, current and voltage of the solar panel to achieve maximum power generation efficiency.

[0009] Furthermore, a group of photovoltaic brackets has more than two, and a corresponding meteorological pole is set. In this way, one meteorological pole can be used as a hub to command multiple photovoltaics, reducing the cost of the entire system.

[0010] Furthermore, the height of the photovoltaic bracket is greater than 1.5 meters. The land under the photovoltaic modules can also be used to plant crops or raise livestock without disturbing the original land, which is more conducive to the sustainable use of land than ordinary fixed photovoltaic power stations.

[0011] Furthermore, the sensors include GPS, wind speed sensor, radiation sensor, rainfall sensor, and snow depth sensor, which can fully collect environmental data.

[0012] Furthermore, the wind speed sensor is provided with an aluminum alloy wind cup, which has the advantages of light weight, small starting torque, low inertia, and can truly reflect wind speed information.

[0013] Furthermore, the tracking controller is connected to a six-axis tilt sensor and a limit switch, which are installed on the column of the photovoltaic bracket, and the six-axis tilt sensor is installed on the main beam of the photovoltaic bracket. The TCU configured for each set of dual-axis tracking brackets is independently driven, thereby realizing the personalized tracking capability of a single bracket.

[0014] Furthermore, there are two sets of GPS. Each sub-array system is equipped with two sets of GPS devices. Each sub-array communication box collects GPS signals in real time and sends the longitude, latitude and time to each tracking system controller inside the sub-array in real time. This achieves the consistency of longitude, latitude and time of all tracking systems in a sub-array, thereby achieving the consistency of tracking target angle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the meteorological mast in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a deployment scheme in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The present invention is further described in detail below through specific embodiments:

[0018] The reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: a meteorological mast 1 , a communication controller 2 , a LORA antenna 3 , and a wind speed sensor 4 .

[0019] 1. Hardware Structure

[0020] The embodiment is basically as shown in the attached Figure 1 , 2 As shown in FIG. 1 , multiple dual-axis photovoltaic brackets and photovoltaic panels are installed in a photovoltaic field, such as Figure 2 The dozens of photovoltaic brackets shown are a group of sub-arrays, each sub-array is equipped with a communication controller (Net Control Unit, also referred to as NCU), and a tracking controller (Tracker Control Unit, also referred to as TCU) is installed on the column of each bracket. The sub-array system uses Modbus RTU / MODBUS TCP protocol to connect to the SCADA monitoring system, which can realize remote control, statistical information display, individual information query, parameter setting, wind speed record query and other functions in heavy snow and other severe weather conditions.

[0021] like Figure 1 The NCU is installed on the meteorological pole, which is deployed close to the box transformer. The LORA antenna realizes internal wireless communication, provides RS485 and electrical Ethernet ports externally, and supports optical fiber access. The NCU is responsible for collecting meteorological sensor information, collecting and managing information within the subarray, and communicating externally.

[0022] The sensor configuration in NCU includes: standard GPS, wind speed sensor, radiation sensor, rainfall sensor, snow depth sensor. The wind speed sensor uses a wind cup made of high-strength aluminum alloy, which has light weight, small starting torque, low inertia, and can truly reflect wind speed information.

[0023] TCU can receive the time, longitude and latitude information from NCU, drive the dual-axis tracking bracket to chase the light, and receive instructions from NCU in extremely bad weather to perform operations such as wind shelter and snow removal. TCU uses wireless communication to exchange information with NCU and regularly upload operating data and fault alarm information.

[0024] Each TCU includes 1 controller host, 1 six-axis tilt sensor, and 2 sets of limit switches. Each set of TCUs configured with dual-axis tracking brackets is independently driven, and can use existing software and hardware to achieve the personalized tracking capability of a single bracket. The controller host and limit switches are installed on the column, and the six-axis tilt sensor is installed on the main beam.

[0025] The dual-axis adjustment can adopt existing technologies, such as the following main components:

[0026] Basic platform: The base used to support the entire tracking system.

[0027] The first rotating mechanism is arranged on the basic platform, including a first rotating shaft driven by a motor and a first rotating arm connected thereto, and is used to drive the photovoltaic panel to rotate in the east-west direction (azimuth direction) to track the rising and setting of the sun.

[0028] The second rotating mechanism is arranged at one end of the first rotating arm, including a second rotating shaft driven by a motor and a second rotating arm connected thereto, and is used to drive the photovoltaic panel to rotate in the north-south direction (zenith angle direction) to adapt to the vertical height changes of the sun in different seasons.

[0029] Photovoltaic panel support frame: connected to one end of the second rotating arm, used to fix the photovoltaic panel to ensure that the photovoltaic panel can change its direction following the movements of the first rotating mechanism and the second rotating mechanism.

[0030] 2. Software Algorithm Related

[0031] The algorithm part may also adopt existing technology, such as the following steps:

[0032] Initialize settings, get current date, time and location data. Initialize controller parameters, including maximum turning angle limit, speed limit, etc.

[0033] The sun position calculation uses an astronomical algorithm (such as the solar position algorithm SPA) to calculate the exact position of the sun (azimuth and zenith) based on the current time and geographical location. Optionally, weather forecast data is introduced as a correction factor to consider the impact of factors such as cloud cover on the estimation of the sun's position.

[0034] The target position is determined, and the target azimuth angle and zenith angle of the photovoltaic panel are determined based on the calculated solar azimuth angle and zenith angle.

[0035] Error detection, compare the difference between the actual position of the current photovoltaic panel and the target position. Calculate the error (ΔAzimuth, ΔZenith), which is the difference between the target position and the actual position.

[0036] The control strategy is executed. If an error is detected, the motor adjustment amount is calculated according to the PID (proportional-integral-differential) control algorithm. The signal output by the PID controller will be used as the input of the motor to drive the rotating mechanism to move the photovoltaic panel to the target position. The PID parameters (KP, KI, KD) can be adjusted according to the actual situation to achieve the best response speed and stability.

[0037] Cycle cycle, the above process is a complete control cycle, the system will continue to run this process until the set working period ends.

[0038] 3. Communication deployment plan

[0039] Each sub-array is equipped with a dual-axis tracking system communication cabinet (NCU). Each dual-axis tracking system communication cabinet is equipped with a GPS (built-in) and two wind speed sensors. The communication cabinet and the controller rely on wireless communication (Lora) for data exchange, and the communication cabinet relies on RS485 or Ethernet to exchange data with the monitoring center through a ring network switch.

[0040] 4. Power supply configuration scheme

[0041] NCU uses 220V power supply and takes single-phase 220V power supply from the auxiliary transformer of the box-type transformer. NCU is equipped with an incoming line circuit breaker, which has the ability to reliably disconnect the short-circuit current on the low-voltage side of the box-type transformer auxiliary transformer. TCU uses 220V power supply and takes power from the box-type transformer.

[0042] 5. Introduction to System Consistency

[0043] 1) Operation consistency within the subarray

[0044] Each sub-array system is equipped with 2 sets of GPS devices. Each sub-array communication box collects GPS signals in real time and sends the longitude, latitude and time to each tracking system controller inside the sub-array in real time. This achieves consistency in longitude, latitude and time of all tracking systems in a sub-array, thereby achieving consistency in tracking target angles.

[0045] The GPS positioning and time calibration function calibrates each tracking system controller in the subarray every time it is powered on to eliminate time errors and clock loss problems, thereby correcting the angle deviation caused by time problems.

[0046] 2) Operation consistency of each sub-array system

[0047] Each sub-array system is connected to the centralized control room through a communication interface. By monitoring the operation consistency of each sub-array system, time or angle modification instructions can be sent uniformly to control the consistency of all sub-arrays.

[0048] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the scheme of the present invention, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The protection scope required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. The dual-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket with dynamic azimuth adjustment is characterized by: It includes a double-axis photovoltaic support and a meteorological pole. The photovoltaic support is provided with a photovoltaic panel, a drive module and a tracking controller. The meteorological pole is provided with a sensor and a communication controller. The tracking controller and the communication controller are communicatively connected.

2. The dual-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket with dynamic azimuth adjustment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A set of photovoltaic brackets consists of two or more, and a corresponding meteorological pole is set up.

3. The dual-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket with dynamic azimuth adjustment according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The height of the photovoltaic bracket is greater than 1.5 meters.

4. The dual-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket with dynamic azimuth adjustment according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The sensors include GPS, wind speed sensor, radiation sensor, rainfall sensor, and snow depth sensor.

5. The dual-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket with dynamic azimuth adjustment according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The wind speed sensor is equipped with an aluminum alloy wind cup.

6. The dual-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket with dynamic azimuth adjustment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The tracking controller is connected to a six-axis tilt sensor and a limit switch. The tracking controller and the limit switch are installed on the columns of the photovoltaic support, and the six-axis tilt sensor is installed on the main beam of the photovoltaic support.

7. The dual-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket with dynamic azimuth adjustment according to claim 6, characterized in that: There are two sets of GPS.

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