Ocean observation system and communication device thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to an ocean observation system and a communication device thereof. The communication device comprises a communication processing unit, a communication processing unit and a communication processing unit, wherein the communication processing unit is used for outputting a transmitting signal or acquiring a receiving signal; the first amplification unit amplifies a transmitting signal output by the communication processing unit or a receiving signal output by the first duplexer; the first duplexer is used for performing signal isolation on the transmitting signal amplified by the first amplifying unit and a receiving signal from the first power divider; the first power divider separates the transmission signal isolated by the first duplexer into two paths of signals, one path of signal is sent to the second amplification unit, and the other path of signal is sent to the communication processing unit; the second amplification unit amplifies a transmitting signal from the first power divider or a receiving signal from the antenna unit; the antenna unit is used for acquiring a receiving signal transmitted by a satellite or transmitting a transmitting signal amplified by the second amplifying unit to the satellite; according to the invention, the communication stability and anti-interference performance between the ocean observation device and the satellite can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of ocean observation technology, and in particular to an ocean observation system and a communication device thereof. Background Art

[0002] Although the ocean contains a large number of resources, there are still many unknowns in the ocean. Therefore, it is urgent to survey ocean currents, geology and environment. Therefore, a large number of ocean observation devices (such as buoys and submersibles) have been deployed around the world to conduct surveys. However, the communication performance of existing ocean observation devices is poor. When affected by wind, waves, ships, organisms and other factors, the device will sway and tilt, so that when transmitting data information with satellites, communication is suddenly interrupted, and even the communication channel with the satellite cannot be established normally. Failure often occurs, resulting in data loss; moreover, the communication anti-interference ability of the ocean observation device is poor, and it is greatly affected by environmental noise. When transmitting data with satellites, it is easy to have packet loss, data confusion, data corruption, etc., resulting in the inability to transmit data completely and correctly between satellites. As a result, the progress of ocean survey work is slow and the efficiency is low. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an ocean observation system and a communication device thereof.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: construct a communication device for an ocean observation system, the communication device comprising a communication processing unit, a first amplification unit, a first duplexer, a first power divider, a first feeder, a second amplification unit, a second feeder and an antenna unit; The communication processing unit is used to output a transmission signal or obtain a reception signal; The first amplifying unit is electrically connected between the communication processing unit and the first duplexer to amplify the transmission signal output by the communication processing unit or the reception signal output by the first duplexer; The first duplexer is electrically connected to the first power divider to isolate the transmit signal amplified by the first amplifying unit from the receive signal from the first power divider; The first power divider is electrically connected to the second amplifying unit and the communication processing unit via the first feeder to separate the transmission signal isolated by the first duplexer into two signals, one of which is sent to the second amplifying unit and the other is sent to the communication processing unit; The second amplifying unit is electrically connected to the antenna unit via the second feeder to amplify the transmitting signal from the first power divider or the receiving signal from the antenna unit; The antenna unit is used to obtain a receiving signal sent by a satellite or send a transmitting signal amplified by the second amplifying unit to the satellite; Wherein, the antenna unit is configured to: configure the antenna transmission angle parameters and antenna structure type of the antenna unit according to the type of satellite to be communicated; The second amplifying unit is configured as an amplifying unit that determines a transmission gain coefficient of the second amplifying unit according to gain coefficients and noise coefficients of the first duplexer, the first power divider, the first feeder and the second feeder, a noise coefficient of the second amplifying unit, and a noise coefficient design value of a satellite receiving system; The noise coefficient of the satellite receiving system is expressed as: ; in, Represents the noise factor of the satellite receiving system; , , , and represents the noise coefficients of the second feeder, the second amplifying unit, the first feeder, the first power divider and the first duplexer in sequence; , , and represents the gain coefficients of the second feeder, the first feeder, the first power divider and the first duplexer, represents the transmission gain coefficient of the second amplification unit.

[0005] Preferably, the noise coefficient design value of the satellite receiving system is determined according to a predetermined design list and a gain coefficient of the antenna unit, wherein the predetermined design list includes design values ​​of ambient temperature, feeder damage, noise temperature of the antenna unit, and gain-to-noise-temperature ratio of the antenna unit; The noise coefficient design value of the satellite receiving system is expressed as: ; in, represents the noise coefficient design value of the satellite receiving system, represents the equivalent noise temperature of the satellite receiving system, represents the ambient temperature, Indicates that the feeder is damaged. represents the noise temperature of the antenna unit, Represents the gain coefficient of the antenna unit, G / T represents the gain-to-noise temperature ratio of the antenna unit; The antenna unit is further configured to determine an antenna whose gain coefficient is determined according to a noise coefficient design value of the satellite receiving system and the predetermined design list.

[0006] Preferably, the design value of the ambient temperature is 290K; The design value of the feeder line damage is 0.2dB; The design value of the noise temperature of the antenna unit is 190K; The design value of the gain-to-noise temperature ratio of the antenna unit is -15.5 dB / K; The design value range of the noise coefficient of the satellite receiving system is no more than 1.8dBi.

[0007] Preferably, the second amplification unit includes a second duplexer, a power amplifier, a first low noise amplifier, a second power divider, a detection unit and a multiplexer; The second duplexer is electrically connected to the antenna unit and the power amplifier via the second feeder line to perform signal isolation on a received signal from the antenna unit and a transmitted signal from the power amplifier (62); The power amplifier is electrically connected between the second duplexer and the multiplexer to power amplify the transmission signal from the multiplexer, and the gain coefficient of the power amplifier is determined according to the gain coefficient and noise coefficient of the first duplexer, the first power divider, the first feeder and the second feeder, the noise coefficient of the second amplifying unit and the noise coefficient design value of the satellite receiving system; The first low noise amplifier is electrically connected between the second duplexer and the second power divider to amplify a received signal from the second duplexer; The second power divider is electrically connected to the detection unit and the multiplexer to separate the received signal from the first low noise amplifier into two signals, one signal is sent to the detection unit, and the other signal is sent to the multiplexer; The detection unit is electrically connected to the communication processing unit to process the received signal from the second power divider and send the processed signal to the communication processing unit; The multiplexer is electrically connected to the first feeder to isolate a receiving signal from the second power divider from a transmitting signal from the first feeder.

[0008] Preferably, the first amplifying unit is configured as: an amplifying unit that determines its input gain range according to the received signal threshold range of the communication processing unit and the gain coefficient and received power density range of the antenna unit.

[0009] Preferably, the step of determining the input gain range of the first amplifying unit according to the received signal threshold range of the communication processing unit and the gain coefficient, receiving frequency and receiving power density range of the antenna unit includes: Calculating the effective receiving area of ​​the antenna unit according to the gain coefficient of the antenna unit and the frequency of the received signal; Calculating the actual level range of the received signal according to the effective receiving area and the received power density range of the antenna unit; The input gain range of the first amplifying unit is determined according to the received signal threshold range of the communication processing unit and the actual level range.

[0010] Preferably, the first amplification unit comprises a first bandpass filter, a first amplifier, a second amplifier and a second bandpass filter; The first bandpass filter is electrically connected to the communication processing unit to perform frequency selection and filtering on the transmission signal from the communication processing unit; The first amplifier is electrically connected between the first bandpass filter and the first duplexer to amplify the frequency-selected and filtered transmission signal; The second amplifier is electrically connected between the first duplexer and the second bandpass filter to amplify the received signal output by the first duplexer, and the gain range of the second amplifier is determined according to the received signal threshold range of the communication processing unit and the gain coefficient and received power density range of the antenna unit; The second bandpass filter is electrically connected to the first feeder to amplify the received signal from the second amplifier and send the amplified received signal to the communication processing unit.

[0011] Preferably, the antenna transmission angle parameters of the antenna unit include a beam width range and an elevation angle range; When the type of satellite that the antenna unit needs to communicate with is a maritime broadband satellite, the beam width range of the antenna unit is configured to be no less than 160°; When the type of satellite that the antenna unit needs to communicate with is a Tiantong satellite or an Iridium satellite, the beam width range of the antenna unit is configured to be no less than 120°; When the type of satellite that the antenna unit needs to communicate with is a Beidou satellite, the elevation angle range of the antenna unit is configured to be 20° to 70°; When the type of satellite that the antenna unit needs to communicate with is a DCS satellite, the antenna structure type of the antenna unit is a whip antenna; When the type of satellite that the antenna unit needs to communicate with is the Beidou satellite, the maritime broadband satellite, the Tiantong satellite or the Iridium satellite, the antenna structure type of the antenna unit is a four-arm helical antenna.

[0012] Preferably, the first feed line and the second feed line include N resistors and M capacitors respectively, where N and M are natural numbers.

[0013] The present invention also constructs an ocean observation system, including a land observation station, several satellites, and multiple ocean observation devices; wherein the ocean observation device includes the communication device mentioned above, and the ocean observation device establishes a communication channel with the land observation station through the communication device and several satellites, and realizes information interaction through the communication channel.

[0014] It should be noted that the land observation station can be an existing observation station located on land that specializes in conducting ocean research.

[0015] The implementation of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: a communication device for an ocean observation system is provided, which enables the ocean observation device to establish a more stable communication channel with the satellite by configuring a second amplification unit with a suitable transmission gain coefficient, and configuring an antenna unit with suitable antenna transmission angle parameters and antenna structure type. At the same time, the communication anti-interference capability of the ocean observation device is improved, and the packet loss, data confusion, data damage, etc. that occur when the communication device transmits data to and from the satellite are reduced, which plays a positive role in improving the efficiency of ocean exploration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, in which: Figure 1 is a circuit structure block diagram of a communication device in some embodiments of the present invention; Figure 2 is a circuit structure block diagram of a first amplifying unit in some embodiments of the present invention; Figure 3 is a circuit structure block diagram of a second amplifying unit in some embodiments of the present invention; Figure 4 is a circuit structure block diagram of a detection unit in some embodiments of the present invention; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a whip antenna in some embodiments of the present invention; Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a four-arm helical antenna in some embodiments of the present invention; Figure 7 is a circuit diagram of a first feeder and a second feeder in some embodiments of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ocean observation system in some embodiments of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, purposes and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention are now described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] It should be noted that the flowcharts shown in the accompanying drawings are only exemplary and do not necessarily include all the contents and operations / steps, nor do they have to be executed in the order described. For example, some operations / steps can be decomposed, while some operations / steps can be combined or partially combined, so the actual execution order may change according to actual conditions.

[0019] The block diagrams shown in the accompanying drawings are merely functional entities and do not necessarily correspond to physically independent entities. That is, these functional entities may be implemented in software form, or in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits, or in different networks and / or processor devices and / or microcontroller devices. The present invention provides a communication device, which is used in an ocean observation device of an ocean observation system, and can significantly improve the communication stability and anti-interference performance between the ocean observation device and the satellite. The ocean observation system includes a land observation station, several satellites and multiple ocean observation devices. The ocean observation device is used to collect ocean information and send the observed ocean information to the land observation station via a satellite for researchers to carry out ocean surveys. In addition, the types of satellites include but are not limited to the Beidou Satellite Navigation System (hereinafter referred to as Beidou Satellite), Tiantong-1 Satellite Mobile Communication System (hereinafter referred to as Tiantong Satellite), Iridium System (hereinafter referred to as Iridium Satellite), International Maritime Satellite Organization (hereinafter referred to as Maritime Satellite), and National Defense Satellite Communication System (hereinafter referred to as DCS Satellite).

[0020] See also Figure 1 The communication device may include a communication processing unit 1, a first amplifying unit 2, a first duplexer 3, a first power divider 4, a first feeder 5, a second amplifying unit 6, a second feeder 7 and an antenna unit 8.

[0021] The communication processing unit 1 is used to output a transmission signal or obtain a reception signal. Specifically, when the ocean observation device needs to transmit data (including observation data and device status data, etc.) to the satellite, the communication processing unit 1 can adjust the data to be transmitted into a transmission signal and send it to the first amplification unit 2. When the antenna unit 8 obtains the signal sent by the satellite (i.e., the reception signal), after being processed by the second feeder 7, the second amplification unit 6, the first feeder 5, the first power divider 4, the first duplexer 3, and the first amplification unit 2, the reception signal will be obtained by the communication processing unit 1, and the communication processing unit 1 will identify and decode the reception signal to obtain the corresponding control data (including remote control data that can control the operation of the ocean observation device, observation task formulation data that can set the observation of the ocean observation device, etc.).

[0022] In addition, due to the differences in the communication protocols of various types of satellites, in some embodiments, when the communication device needs to communicate with the Tiantong satellite, the communication processing unit 1 may include a Tiantong communication module of model HTDM1611, when the communication device needs to communicate with the Beidou satellite, the communication processing unit 1 may include a Beidou communication module of model EPBD-100A, when the communication device needs to communicate with the Iridium satellite, the communication processing unit 1 may include an Iridium communication module of model 9602N, when the communication device needs to communicate with the maritime satellite, the communication processing unit 1 may include a maritime communication module of model GSPS-Core-Module-2.0, when the communication device needs to communicate with the DCS satellite, the communication processing unit 1 may include a DCS communication module built by the ARTIC-R2 baseband chip. It can be understood that the communication coverage of each type of satellite is limited, and the range of activities of the ocean observation device during service is also limited, so the model of the communication processing unit 1 is selected based on the satellites that can communicate in the deployment area of ​​the ocean observation device.

[0023] See also Figure 1 The first amplifying unit 2 is electrically connected between the communication processing unit 1 and the first duplexer 3 to amplify the transmitting signal output by the communication processing unit 1 or the receiving signal output by the first duplexer 3 .

[0024] Since the received signal emitted by the satellite may be attenuated due to the influence of environmental, noise, climate and other factors during the propagation process, even if it is acquired by the antenna unit 8, it may not be normally read by the communication processing unit 1 due to the signal strength being too weak, resulting in the loss of control data carried by the received signal. In view of this, in some embodiments, the first amplification unit 2 can be configured as: an amplification unit that determines its input gain coefficient based on the received signal threshold range of the communication processing unit 1 and the gain coefficient and received power density range of the antenna unit 8.

[0025] Specifically, the input gain of the first amplifying unit 2 may be determined by executing step S10 , step S20 , and step S30 .

[0026] Step S10 includes: calculating the effective receiving area of ​​the antenna unit 8 according to the gain coefficient of the antenna unit 8 and the frequency of the received signal. In this step, the expression of the effective receiving area can be: ;in, represents the effective receiving area of ​​antenna unit 8, represents the gain coefficient of the antenna unit 8, and λ represents the wavelength of the received signal. It can be understood that since the frequency of the electromagnetic wave signal (i.e., the frequency of the received signal) for wireless communication between the satellite and the ocean observation device is designed in advance, when the frequency of the received signal is known, the wavelength of the received signal can be calculated based on the speed of light and the frequency of the received signal.

[0027] Step S20 includes: calculating the actual level range of the received signal according to the effective receiving area and the received power density range of the antenna unit 8. In this step, the expression of the actual level range can be: ;in, Indicates the total power, Indicates the actual level, The received power density range can be provided by the antenna unit manufacturer or obtained by measuring the antenna unit 8 on land using existing methods.

[0028] Step S3 includes: determining the input gain range of the first amplifying unit 2 according to the threshold range and the actual level range of the received signal of the communication processing unit 1. In this step, the lower limit value of the input gain range of the first amplifying unit 2 is obtained by subtracting the lower limit value of the actual level range from the lower limit value of the threshold range of the received signal, and then the upper limit value of the input gain range of the first amplifying unit 2 is obtained by subtracting the upper limit value of the actual level range from the upper limit value of the threshold range of the received signal, so as to obtain the input gain range of the first amplifying unit 2. For example, in some embodiments, the threshold range of the received signal is -100 to -67.5dBm and the actual level range is -109.2 to -97.2dBm, then the input gain range of the first amplifying unit 2 is 9.2 to 27.7 dBm.

[0029] In some embodiments, Figure 2 As shown, the first amplifying unit 2 may include a first band pass filter 21 , a first amplifier 22 , a second amplifier 23 and a second band pass filter 24 .

[0030] See also Figure 2The first bandpass filter 21 is electrically connected to the communication processing unit 1 to select and filter the transmission signal from the communication processing unit 1. The first bandpass filter 21 can be an existing bandpass filter (such as a passive bandpass filter, an active bandpass filter, a narrow bandpass filter, and a digital bandpass filter, etc.), and its function is to suppress signals other than the transmission signal frequency, so that the transmission signal passes through and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the transmission signal. Since different types of satellite communication frequencies are different, and the frequency of the transmission signal is determined by the satellite to be communicated, the first bandpass filter 21 is preferably a digital bandpass filter, so as to make full use of the advantages of high flexibility and adjustability of the digital bandpass filter, so that the first bandpass filter 21 can be applied to various communication frequency occasions.

[0031] See also Figure 2 The first amplifier 22 is electrically connected between the first bandpass filter 21 and the first duplexer 3 to amplify the transmission signal after frequency selection and filtering. The first amplifier 22 can be an existing amplifier circuit or amplifier module. Since a relatively pure transmission signal has been obtained after being processed by the first bandpass filter 21, the transmission signal is amplified by the first amplifier 22 at this time, which can ensure that the effective signal can be effectively amplified, reduce the influence of the noise generated by the subsequent circuit when working on the transmission signal, and further improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the transmission signal.

[0032] The second amplifier 23 is electrically connected between the first duplexer 3 and the second bandpass filter 24 to amplify the received signal output by the first duplexer 3, and the gain range of the second amplifier 23 is determined according to the received signal threshold range of the communication processing unit 1 and the gain coefficient and received power density range of the antenna unit 8. The second amplifier 23 can be an existing amplification circuit or amplification module, such as an adder, a multiplier, etc., which is not limited here. Since the received signal will attenuate after propagating through the atmosphere, the energy obtained by the antenna unit 8 is small, and the voltage value is generally at the millivolt level, so it is difficult to be directly detected by the communication processing unit 1, and the role of the second amplifier 23 is to amplify the voltage amplitude of the received signal to be input into the communication processing unit 1 to ensure that the received signal can be normally detected by the communication processing unit 1.

[0033] See also Figure 2 The second bandpass filter 24 is electrically connected to the first feeder 5 to amplify the received signal from the second amplifier 23 and send the amplified received signal to the communication processing unit 1. The second bandpass filter 24 can be an existing bandpass filter (such as a passive bandpass filter, an active bandpass filter, a narrow bandpass filter and a digital bandpass filter, etc.), which is used to suppress signals other than the received signal frequency, so that the received signal passes through and improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the received signal. The second bandpass filter 24 is preferably a digital bandpass filter.

[0034] In some embodiments, the antenna unit 8 is used not only to obtain the received signal, but also to obtain the GNSS signal for positioning (whose frequency is different from that of the received signal). Figure 2 As shown, the first amplifying unit 2 may further include a third power divider 25 and a third bandpass filter 26 .

[0035] See also Figure 2 The third power divider 25 is electrically connected to the second amplifier 23, the second bandpass filter 24 and the third bandpass filter 26 to separate the signal from the second amplifier 23 to obtain a received signal and a GNSS signal, wherein the received signal is sent to the second bandpass filter 24 and the GNSS signal is sent to the third bandpass filter 26. The third power divider 25 can be an existing power divider.

[0036] See also Figure 2 The third bandpass filter 26 is electrically connected to the communication processing unit 1 to select and filter the GNSS signal from the third power divider 25, and send the GNSS signal to the communication processing unit 1. The third bandpass filter 26 can be an existing bandpass filter (such as a passive bandpass filter, an active bandpass filter, a narrow bandpass filter, and a digital bandpass filter, etc.), which is used to suppress signals other than the GNSS signal frequency, so that the GNSS signal passes, and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the GNSS signal. The third bandpass filter 26 is preferably a passive bandpass filter, which has the advantage of low cost.

[0037] See also Figure 1 The first duplexer 3 is electrically connected to the first power divider 4 to isolate the transmit signal amplified by the first amplifying unit 2 from the receive signal from the first power divider 4. The first duplexer 3 may be an existing duplexer, and its function is to avoid isolating the receive signal from the transmit signal and to avoid mutual interference between the receive signal and the transmit signal.

[0038] See also Figure 1 , the first power divider 4 is electrically connected to the second amplifying unit 6 and the communication processing unit 1 via the first feeder 5, so as to separate the transmission signal isolated by the first duplexer 3 into two signals, one of which is sent to the second amplifying unit 6, and the other is sent to the communication processing unit 1. The first power divider 4 can be an existing power divider, and its function is to divide the transmission signal into two signals according to a certain power ratio. Among them, the signal with a larger power is sent to the second amplifying unit 6 as the original signal sent to the satellite; the signal with a smaller power is sent to the communication processing unit 1 for the communication processing unit 1 to perform detection work, so as to ensure that the transmission signal sent by the communication processing unit 1 is normal.

[0039] In order to improve the monitoring capability of the communication processing unit 1 on the transmitted signal, in some embodiments, such as Figure 1As shown, the communication device may further include a fourth power divider 9 , a power measuring unit 10 and an attenuator 20 .

[0040] See also Figure 1 The fourth power divider 9 is electrically connected to the first power divider 4, the power measuring unit 10 and the attenuator 20 to separate the transmission signal with lower power from the first power divider 4 into two signals, one of which is sent to the power measuring unit 10 and the other is sent to the attenuator 20. The fourth power divider 9 can be an existing power divider.

[0041] See also Figure 1 The power measuring unit 10 is electrically connected to the communication processing unit 1. The power measuring unit 10 is used to detect the power of the transmission signal from the fourth power divider 9, generate a power detection signal (an analog signal or a digital signal) according to the power of the transmission signal, and send the power detection signal to the communication processing unit 1. It can be understood that, since the separation ratio of the fourth power divider 9 and the first power divider 4 is designed when the communication device is developed, the separation ratio of the fourth power divider 9 and the first power divider 4 can be pre-stored in the communication processing unit 1, and the communication processing unit 1 can calculate the power of the transmission signal sent to the first feeder 5 according to the separation ratio of the fourth power divider 9 and the first power divider 4 and the power detection signal, so that the communication processing unit 1 can detect whether the transmission signal power is within the set power range. When the transmission signal power is not within the set power range, the communication processing unit 1 can increase or decrease the power of the transmission signal it sends according to the actual situation, so as to ensure that the transmission signal power remains within the set power range, which can not only avoid the antenna unit 8 from being unable to be detected by the satellite due to attenuation after sending the transmission signal due to the small transmission signal power, but also avoid the amplification behavior of the subsequent circuit due to the excessive transmission signal power, resulting in circuit damage or signal distortion. In addition, the fourth power divider 9 can be an existing power divider.

[0042] See also Figure 1 , the attenuator 20 is electrically connected to the communication processing unit 1 to attenuate the transmission signal from the fourth power divider 9, and send the attenuated signal to the communication processing unit 1. The attenuator 20 can be an existing signal attenuation circuit or module. Since the transmission signal has been amplified into a signal with relatively large voltage or current under the action of the first amplification unit 2, even after the signal is separated twice by the first power divider 4 and the fourth power divider 9, there is still a risk of damaging the communication processing unit 1 due to excessive current or voltage, and the role of the attenuator 20 is to attenuate the transmission signal fed back to the communication processing unit 1 to protect the communication processing unit 1. The purpose of the communication processing unit 1 obtaining the transmission signal is to determine the transmission status of the transmission signal, including determining whether the transmission signal has been normally transmitted and whether the transmission signal is in the transmitting state.

[0043] The second amplifying unit 6 is electrically connected to the antenna unit 8 via the second feeder line 7 to amplify the transmission signal from the first power divider 4 or the reception signal from the antenna unit 8 .

[0044] After the antenna unit 8 sends out a transmission signal, the transmission signal may be attenuated to the point where it cannot be normally read by the satellite due to factors such as the environment, noise, and climate. In order to avoid the loss of data carried by the transmission signal, in some embodiments, the second amplification unit 6 may be configured as: an amplification unit that determines the transmission gain coefficient of the second amplification unit 6 according to the gain coefficient and noise coefficient of the first duplexer 3, the first power divider 4, the first feeder 5 and the second feeder 7, the noise coefficient of the second amplification unit 6, and the noise coefficient design value of the satellite receiving system; The noise coefficient of the satellite receiving system is expressed as follows (1): ; in, Represents the noise factor of the satellite receiving system; , , , and The noise coefficients of the second feeder 7, the second amplifying unit 6, the first feeder 5, the first power divider 4 and the first duplexer 3 are represented in sequence; , , and represents the gain coefficients of the second feeder 7, the first feeder 5, the first power divider 4 and the first duplexer 3, represents the transmission gain coefficient of the second amplification unit 6.

[0045] Specifically, the noise coefficient of the satellite receiving system is an important parameter for measuring the sensitivity of the satellite to noise. To ensure that the satellite can read the transmitted signal normally, it is necessary to ensure that the noise coefficient of the satellite receiving system is within a certain range. The noise coefficient of the satellite receiving system is related to the noise coefficients of the second feeder 7, the second amplifying unit 6, the first feeder 5, the first power divider 4 and the first duplexer 3, the gain coefficients of the second feeder 7, the first feeder 5, the first power divider 4 and the first duplexer 3, and the transmission gain coefficient of the second amplifying unit 6. Therefore, if the noise coefficient of the satellite receiving system is to be kept within a certain range, the noise coefficient of the satellite receiving system can be adjusted by selecting at least one electronic component in the first duplexer 3, the first power divider 4, the first feeder 5, the second amplifying unit 6, the second feeder 7 and the antenna unit 8, or adjusting the circuit structure of at least one electronic component in the first duplexer 3, the first power divider 4, the first feeder 5, the second amplifying unit 6, the second feeder 7 and the antenna unit 8. The noise coefficient design value of the satellite receiving system is a certain value preset in order to prevent the transmission signal from being too sensitive to noise. Therefore, the model or circuit structure of at least one electronic component among the first duplexer 3, the first power divider 4, the first feeder 5, the second amplifying unit 6, the second feeder 7 and the antenna unit 8 can be adjusted based on expression (1) and the noise coefficient design value. However, considering that it takes a lot of manpower and material resources to reselect the first duplexer 3, the first power divider 4, the first feeder 5, the second feeder 7 and the antenna unit 8 one by one, it is not conducive to reducing costs. The first duplexer 3, the first power divider 4, the first feeder 5, the second feeder 7 and the antenna unit 8 are usually relatively mature module circuits. If their circuit structures are suddenly modified, it will affect the working stability. Considering that the second amplifying unit 6 can be various types of existing amplifiers, there are many types to choose from, and its circuit plasticity is high. Therefore, in this embodiment, it is preferred to adjust the transmission gain coefficient of the second amplifying unit 6 to keep the noise coefficient of the satellite receiving system within a certain range.

[0046] It should be noted that the actual noise coefficient and gain coefficient of the first duplexer 3, the first power divider 4, the first feeder 5, the second feeder 7 and the antenna unit 8 can be measured by existing technology to confirm the actual noise coefficient and the actual gain coefficient of the above-mentioned multiple electronic components. Of course, they can also be obtained from the data manual provided by the supplier of the electronic components. Of course, they can also be obtained through other channels, which are not limited here.

[0047] In some embodiments, the noise coefficient design value of the satellite receiving system can be determined according to a predetermined design list and a gain coefficient of the antenna unit 8. The predetermined design list includes design values ​​of ambient temperature, feeder damage, noise temperature of the antenna unit 8, and gain-to-noise-temperature ratio of the antenna unit 8.

[0048] Furthermore, the noise coefficient design value of the satellite receiving system can be expressed as follows (2): ;in, represents the noise factor design value of the satellite receiving system, represents the equivalent noise temperature of the satellite receiving system, Indicates the ambient temperature, Indicates that the feeder is damaged. represents the noise temperature of antenna element 8, represents the gain coefficient of the antenna unit 8 , and G / T represents the gain-to-noise temperature ratio of the antenna unit 8 .

[0049] Accordingly, the antenna unit 8 may be configured as an antenna whose gain coefficient is determined according to the noise figure design value of the satellite receiving system and a predetermined design list.

[0050] It can be seen from expression (2) that in this embodiment, when the equivalent noise temperature, ambient temperature, feeder damage, noise temperature of antenna unit 8 and gain-to-noise temperature ratio of antenna unit 8 of the satellite receiving system are determined, the noise coefficient design value of the satellite receiving system can be maintained at the target value by adjusting the gain coefficient of antenna unit 8. The ways to adjust the gain coefficient of antenna unit 8 include but are not limited to: reselecting antenna unit 8, adjusting the antenna structure of antenna unit 8, adjusting the polarization direction of antenna unit 8, adjusting the manufacturing material of antenna unit 8 and adjusting the circuit structure of second feeder 7.

[0051] Optionally, the design value of ambient temperature is 290K, the design value of feeder damage is 0.2dB, the design value of noise temperature of antenna unit 8 is 190K, the design value of gain-to-noise temperature ratio of antenna unit 8 is -15.5dB / K, and the design value range of noise coefficient of satellite receiving system is not more than 1.8dBi.

[0052] In some embodiments, Figure 3 As shown, the second amplifying unit 6 may include a second duplexer 61 , a power amplifier 62 , a first low noise amplifier 63 , a second power divider 64 , a detection unit 65 and a multiplexer 66 .

[0053] See also Figure 3 The second duplexer 61 is electrically connected to the antenna unit 8 and the power amplifier 62 via the second feeder 7 to isolate the received signal from the antenna unit 8 and the transmitted signal from the power amplifier 62. The second duplexer 61 can be an existing duplexer, and its function is to avoid isolating the received signal and the transmitted signal, and avoid mutual interference between the received signal and the transmitted signal.

[0054] See also Figure 3The power amplifier 62 is electrically connected between the second duplexer 61 and the multiplexer 66 to amplify the power of the transmission signal from the multiplexer 66, and the gain coefficient of the power amplifier 62 is determined according to the gain coefficient and noise coefficient of the first duplexer 3, the first power divider 4, the first feeder 5 and the second feeder 7, the noise coefficient of the second amplification unit 6 and the noise coefficient design value of the satellite receiving system. The power amplifier 62 can be an existing power amplifier or circuit, such as a traveling wave tube amplifier, a solid-state power amplifier, etc., and its function is to amplify the power of the transmission signal by several times so that the transmission signal will not be attenuated and cannot be detected by the satellite after being sent into the atmosphere.

[0055] See also Figure 3 , the first low noise amplifier 63 is electrically connected between the second duplexer 61 and the second power divider 64 to amplify the received signal from the second duplexer 61. The first low noise amplifier 63 can be an existing low noise amplifier, such as a GaAsFET amplifier. Since the power of the received signal acquired by the antenna unit 8 is usually attenuated to a lower value, if a common amplifier is used for high-multiple amplification, it is easy to amplify the noise introduced by the amplifier itself, resulting in a low signal-to-noise ratio. The function of the first low noise amplifier 63 is to amplify the received signal with low power just acquired by the antenna unit 8 while introducing as little noise as possible, so as to improve the signal-to-noise ratio as much as possible.

[0056] See also Figure 3 The second power divider 64 is electrically connected to the detection unit 65 and the multiplexer 66 to separate the received signal from the first low noise amplifier 63 into two signals, one signal is sent to the detection unit 65, and the other signal is sent to the multiplexer 66. The second power divider 64 can be an existing power divider.

[0057] See also Figure 3 The detection unit 65 is electrically connected to the communication processing unit 1 to process the received signal from the second power divider 64 and send the processed signal to the communication processing unit 1.

[0058] Furthermore, if Figure 4 As shown, the detection unit 65 may include a second low noise amplifier 651 , a fifth power divider 652 , a phase shifter 653 , a mixer 654 , a filter 655 , a third amplifier 656 and a detector 657 .

[0059] See also Figure 4 The second low noise amplifier 651 is electrically connected to the second power divider 64 and the fifth power divider 652 to amplify the received signal from the second power divider 64 and send the amplified received signal to the fifth power divider 652. The second low noise amplifier 651 can be an existing low noise amplifier.

[0060] See also Figure 4 The fifth power divider 652 is electrically connected to the phase shifter 653 and the mixer 654 to separate the received signal from the second low noise amplifier 651 into two signals, one signal is sent to the phase shifter 653, and the other signal is sent to the mixer 654. The fifth power divider 652 can be an existing power divider.

[0061] See also Figure 4 The phase shifter 653 is electrically connected to the mixer 654 to perform phase shift on the received signal from the fifth power divider 652, and send the phase-shifted received signal to the mixer 654. The phase shifter 653 may be an existing phase shifter.

[0062] See also Figure 4 The mixer 654 is electrically connected to the filter 655 to mix the phase-shifted received signal from the phase shifter 653 and the (unphase-shifted) received signal from the fifth power divider 652 to generate a mixed signal, and send the mixed signal to the filter 655. The mixer 654 can be an existing mixer.

[0063] See also Figure 4 The filter 655 is electrically connected to the third amplifier 656 to filter the mixed signal from the mixer 654 and send the filtered mixed signal to the third amplifier 656. The filter 655 can be an existing filter or circuit, such as an RC filter circuit, a high-pass filter, etc.

[0064] See also Figure 4 The third amplifier 656 is electrically connected to the detector 657 to amplify the voltage of the mixed signal from the filter 655, and send the amplified mixed signal to the detector 657 to facilitate the detection work of the detector 657 for a specific purpose. The third amplifier 656 can be an existing amplifier or circuit, such as a multiplier.

[0065] See also Figure 4 The detector 657 is electrically connected to the communication processing unit 1 to identify a specific characteristic signal (such as a signal with a specific phase, a specific amplitude or a specific frequency, i.e., a received signal) in the mixed signal from the third amplifier 656, generate a detection signal according to the characteristic signal, and send the detection signal to the communication processing unit 1. The detector 657 can be an existing detector.

[0066] It is understandable that due to the harsh marine environment, there are various types of noise, including biological noise, ship noise, environmental noise, etc. In order to avoid the adverse effects of noise on the received signal, the received signal is extracted by the detection unit 65, so that the communication processing unit 1 can demodulate the received signal from the second bandpass filter 24 according to the detection signal, which plays a positive role in improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the received signal.

[0067] See also Figure 3 The multiplexer 66 is electrically connected to the first feeder 5 to isolate the receiving signal from the second power divider 64 from the transmitting signal from the first feeder 5. The multiplexer 66 may be an existing multiplexer.

[0068] The antenna unit 8 is used to obtain a receiving signal sent by a satellite or to send a transmitting signal amplified by the second amplifying unit 6 to the satellite.

[0069] Since the ocean observation device is affected by factors such as wind, waves, ships, and organisms, it is prone to swaying and tilting. In order to ensure that the ocean observation device can maintain stable communication with different types of satellites even when the tilt angle is large, the antenna unit 8 can be configured as follows: the antenna transmission angle parameters of the antenna unit 8 and the antenna structure type of the antenna are configured according to the type of satellite that needs to communicate.

[0070] Since different types of satellites have different positions in space, communication coverage, etc., if the antenna unit 8 establishes stable communication with different satellites, its antenna transmission angle parameters (antenna transmission angle parameters include beam width range and elevation range) need to be configured specifically. Specifically, when the type of satellite that the antenna unit 8 needs to communicate with is a maritime broadband satellite, the beam width range of the antenna unit 8 is configured to be no less than 160°. When the type of satellite that the antenna unit 8 needs to communicate with is a Tiantong satellite or an Iridium satellite, the beam width range of the antenna unit 8 is configured to be no less than 120°. When the type of satellite that the antenna unit 8 needs to communicate with is a Beidou satellite, the elevation range of the antenna unit 8 is configured to be 20° to 70°.

[0071] Since different types of satellites have different communication frequencies (for example, the communication frequency of Tiantong satellite is 1980MHz to 2200MHz, and the communication frequency of Tiantong satellite is 1606MHz to 1626MHz), and different types of antenna structures have different sensitivities to electromagnetic wave signals of different frequencies, if the antenna unit 8 establishes stable communication with different satellites, its antenna structure type needs to be configured specifically. Specifically, when the satellite type that the antenna unit 8 needs to communicate with is a DCS satellite, the antenna structure type of the antenna unit 8 is a whip antenna; when the satellite type that the antenna unit 8 needs to communicate with is a Beidou satellite, a maritime broadband satellite, a Tiantong satellite or an Iridium satellite, the antenna structure type of the antenna unit 8 is a four-arm spiral antenna. Among them, the structure of the whip antenna can refer to Figure 5 Of course, the whip antenna can also be an existing whip antenna, as long as its gain coefficient and communication frequency meet the requirements. In addition, the four-arm helical antenna has the characteristics of excellent signal transmission performance at low elevation angles and is suitable for working on the sea surface. The structure of the four-arm helical antenna can be referred to Figure 6Of course, the four-arm helical antenna can also be an existing four-arm helical antenna, as long as its gain coefficient and communication frequency meet the requirements.

[0072] In some embodiments, the first feed line 5 and the second feed line 7 may include N resistors and M capacitors, respectively, where N and M are natural numbers. Figure 7 The first feeder 5 and the second feeder 7 can adopt any feeder structure of Figure A, Figure B, Figure C, Figure D, Figure E and Figure F. For the specific connection structure of the first feeder 5 and the second feeder 7, please refer to Figure 7 , which will not be described in detail here. Of course, the first feeder 5 and the second feeder 7 can also adopt other feeder structures in the prior art, such as an electromagnetic coupling structure. Although the noise coefficient of the satellite receiving system can be kept within the design value range by adjusting the transmission gain coefficient of the second amplifying unit 6, in some embodiments, although the noise coefficient of the satellite receiving system can be kept within the design value range by adjusting the second amplifying unit 6 alone, the adjustment is difficult. As can be seen from expression (1), the noise coefficient of the satellite receiving system is also related to the noise coefficient and gain coefficient of the first feeder 5 and the second feeder 7. It can be understood that the noise coefficient of the satellite receiving system can be adjusted by adjusting the circuit structure, resistance and capacitance parameters of the first feeder 5 and the second feeder 7, which helps to reduce the difficulty of adjusting the noise coefficient of the satellite receiving system.

[0073] It can be understood that the present invention configures a second amplification unit with a suitable transmission gain coefficient, and configures an antenna unit with suitable antenna transmission angle parameters and antenna structure type, so that the ocean observation device can establish a more stable communication channel with the satellite. At the same time, it also improves the communication anti-interference capability of the ocean observation device, reduces the packet loss, data confusion, data damage, etc. that occur when the communication device transmits data to and from the satellite, and plays a positive role in improving the efficiency of marine exploration.

[0074] See also Figure 8 The present invention also provides an ocean observation system, which includes a land observation station, several satellites, and multiple ocean observation devices; wherein the ocean observation device includes the communication device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and the ocean observation device establishes a communication channel with the land observation station through the communication device and the several satellites, and realizes information interaction through the communication channel (including receiving a receiving signal from the land observation station and sending a transmitting signal to the land observation station).

[0075] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the method part.

[0076] Professionals may further appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of the two. In order to clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the composition and steps of each example have been generally described in the above description according to function. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professionals and technicians may use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of the present invention.

[0077] The steps of the method or algorithm described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented directly using hardware, a software module executed by a processor, or a combination of the two. The software module may be placed in a random access memory (RAM), a memory, a read-only memory (ROM), an electrically programmable ROM, an electrically erasable programmable ROM, a register, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.

[0078] It can be understood that the above embodiments only express the preferred implementation modes of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the patent scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, the above technical features can be freely combined without departing from the concept of the present invention, and several deformations and improvements can be made, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent changes and modifications made to the scope of the claims of the present invention should belong to the coverage of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A communication device for an ocean observation system, characterized in that: The communication device comprises a communication processing unit (1), a first amplifying unit (2), a first duplexer (3), a first power divider (4), a first feeder (5), a second amplifying unit (6), a second feeder (7) and an antenna unit (8); The communication processing unit (1) is used to output a transmission signal or obtain a reception signal; The first amplifying unit (2) is electrically connected between the communication processing unit (1) and the first duplexer (3) to amplify the transmission signal output by the communication processing unit (1) or the reception signal output by the first duplexer (3); The first duplexer (3) is electrically connected to the first power divider (4) to isolate the transmission signal amplified by the first amplification unit (2) from the reception signal from the first power divider (4); The first power divider (4) is electrically connected to the second amplifying unit (6) and the communication processing unit (1) via the first feeder (5) to separate the transmission signal isolated by the first duplexer (3) into two signals, one of which is sent to the second amplifying unit (6) and the other is sent to the communication processing unit (1); The second amplifying unit (6) is electrically connected to the antenna unit (8) via the second feeder line (7) to amplify the transmission signal from the first power divider (4) or the reception signal from the antenna unit (8); The antenna unit (8) is used to obtain a receiving signal sent by a satellite or to send a transmitting signal amplified by the second amplifying unit (6) to the satellite; The antenna unit (8) is configured to: configure the antenna transmission angle parameters and antenna structure type of the antenna unit (8) according to the type of satellite to be communicated; The second amplifying unit (6) is configured as an amplifying unit that determines the transmission gain coefficient of the second amplifying unit (6) according to the gain coefficient and noise coefficient of the first duplexer (3), the first power divider (4), the first feeder (5) and the second feeder (7), the noise coefficient of the second amplifying unit (6) and the noise coefficient design value of the satellite receiving system; The noise coefficient of the satellite receiving system is expressed as: ； in, Represents the noise factor of the satellite receiving system; , , , and The noise coefficients of the second feeder (7), the second amplifying unit (6), the first feeder (5), the first power divider (4) and the first duplexer (3) are represented in sequence; , , and represents the gain coefficients of the second feeder (7), the first feeder (5), the first power divider (4) and the first duplexer (3), represents the transmission gain coefficient of the second amplification unit (6).

2. The communication device according to claim 1, characterized in that The noise coefficient design value of the satellite receiving system is determined according to a predetermined design list and a gain coefficient of the antenna unit (8), wherein the predetermined design list includes design values ​​of ambient temperature, feeder damage, noise temperature of the antenna unit (8), and gain-to-noise temperature ratio of the antenna unit (8); The noise coefficient design value of the satellite receiving system is expressed as: ； in, represents the noise coefficient design value of the satellite receiving system, represents the equivalent noise temperature of the satellite receiving system, represents the ambient temperature, Indicates that the feeder is damaged. represents the noise temperature of the antenna unit (8), represents the gain coefficient of the antenna unit (8), G / T represents the gain-to-noise temperature ratio of the antenna unit (8); The antenna unit (8) is also configured to determine the gain coefficient of the antenna according to the noise coefficient design value of the satellite receiving system and the predetermined design list.

3. The communication device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The design value of the ambient temperature is 290K; The design value of the feeder line damage is 0.2dB; The design value of the noise temperature of the antenna unit (8) is 190K; The design value of the gain-to-noise temperature ratio of the antenna unit (8) is -15.5 dB / K; The design value range of the noise coefficient of the satellite receiving system is no more than 1.8dBi.

4. The communication device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second amplification unit (6) comprises a second duplexer (61), a power amplifier (62), a first low noise amplifier (63), a second power divider (64), a detection unit (65) and a multiplexer (66); The second duplexer (61) is electrically connected to the antenna unit (8) and the power amplifier (62) via the second feeder (7) to perform signal isolation on a received signal from the antenna unit (8) and a transmitted signal from the power amplifier (62); The power amplifier (62) is electrically connected between the second duplexer (61) and the multiplexer (66) to amplify the power of the transmission signal from the multiplexer (66), and the gain coefficient of the power amplifier (62) is determined according to the gain coefficient and noise coefficient of the first duplexer (3), the first power divider (4), the first feeder (5) and the second feeder (7), the noise coefficient of the second amplification unit (6) and the noise coefficient design value of the satellite receiving system; The first low noise amplifier (63) is electrically connected between the second duplexer (61) and the second power divider (64) to amplify a received signal from the second duplexer (61); The second power divider (64) is electrically connected to the detection unit (65) and the multiplexer (66) to separate the received signal from the first low noise amplifier (63) into two signals, one signal is sent to the detection unit (65), and the other signal is sent to the multiplexer (66); The detection unit (65) is electrically connected to the communication processing unit (1) to process the received signal from the second power divider (64) and send the processed signal to the communication processing unit (1); The multiplexer (66) is electrically connected to the first feeder (5) to isolate the received signal from the second power divider (64) and the transmitted signal from the first feeder (5).

5. The communication device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first amplifying unit (2) is configured as an amplifying unit that determines its input gain range according to the received signal threshold range of the communication processing unit (1) and the gain coefficient and received power density range of the antenna unit (8).

6. The communication device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The step of determining the input gain range of the first amplifying unit (2) according to the received signal threshold range of the communication processing unit (1) and the gain coefficient, receiving frequency and receiving power density range of the antenna unit (8) comprises: Calculating the effective receiving area of ​​the antenna unit (8) according to the gain coefficient of the antenna unit (8) and the frequency of the received signal; Calculating an actual level range of the received signal according to the effective receiving area and the received power density range of the antenna unit (8); The input gain range of the first amplifying unit (2) is determined according to the received signal threshold range of the communication processing unit (1) and the actual level range.

7. The communication device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first amplification unit (2) comprises a first band-pass filter (21), a first amplifier (22), a second amplifier (23) and a second band-pass filter (24); The first bandpass filter (21) is electrically connected to the communication processing unit (1) to perform frequency selection and filtering on a transmission signal from the communication processing unit (1); The first amplifier (22) is electrically connected between the first bandpass filter (21) and the first duplexer (3) to amplify the frequency-selected and filtered transmission signal; The second amplifier (23) is electrically connected between the first duplexer (3) and the second bandpass filter (24) to amplify the received signal output by the first duplexer (3), and the gain range of the second amplifier (23) is determined according to the received signal threshold range of the communication processing unit (1) and the gain coefficient and received power density range of the antenna unit (8); The second bandpass filter (24) is electrically connected to the first feeder (5) to amplify the received signal from the second amplifier (23) and send the amplified received signal to the communication processing unit (1).

8. The communication device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The antenna transmission angle parameters of the antenna unit (8) include a beam width range and an elevation angle range; When the type of satellite that the antenna unit (8) needs to communicate with is a maritime broadband satellite, the beam width range of the antenna unit (8) is configured to be no less than 160°; When the type of satellite that the antenna unit (8) needs to communicate with is a Tiantong satellite or an Iridium satellite, the beam width range of the antenna unit (8) is configured to be no less than 120°; When the type of satellite that the antenna unit (8) needs to communicate with is a Beidou satellite, the elevation angle range of the antenna unit (8) is configured to be 20° to 70°; When the type of satellite that the antenna unit (8) needs to communicate with is a DCS satellite, the antenna structure type of the antenna unit (8) is a whip antenna; When the type of satellite that the antenna unit (8) needs to communicate with is the Beidou satellite, the maritime broadband satellite, the Tiantong satellite or the Iridium satellite, the antenna structure type of the antenna unit (8) is a four-arm helical antenna.

9. The communication device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The first feeder (5) and the second feeder (7) respectively include N resistors and M capacitors, where N and M are natural numbers.

10. An ocean observation system, characterized in that: It includes a land observation station, several satellites, and multiple ocean observation devices; wherein the ocean observation device includes a communication device as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, and the ocean observation device establishes a communication channel with the land observation station through the communication device and the several satellites, and realizes information exchange through the communication channel.

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