Solar cell and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a solar cell and a preparation method thereof, the solar cell comprises a substrate, a first cell module and a second cell module, the first cell module is located on the substrate and comprises a perovskite material; the at least one second battery component is positioned on one side, deviating from the substrate, of the first battery component; the orthographic projection of the second battery assembly on the substrate is located in the orthographic projection of the first battery assembly on the substrate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of battery technology, and in particular relates to a solar cell and a method for preparing the same. Background Art

[0002] The development of semiconductor technology plays a vital role in the progress of the electronics industry. As a new type of semiconductor, perovskite has many advantages such as long carrier diffusion length, high defect tolerance, adjustable band gap, and large absorption coefficient. Compared with traditional organic and inorganic semiconductors, perovskite preparation process is simple and low cost, which has great advantages in the semiconductor field. Up to now, the efficiency of perovskite solar cells has exceeded 26%, and T95 has exceeded thousands of hours. In addition, it has been studied and applied in light-emitting diodes, detectors, lasers, etc. As an emerging semiconductor material, perovskite shows great potential.

[0003] In order to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency, perovskite cell modules can be stacked on top of crystalline silicon cell modules to form crystalline silicon-perovskite stacked cells, but the performance of current stacked cells still needs to be improved. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a solar cell and a method for preparing the same, which can improve the performance of the solar cell.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a solar cell, comprising a substrate, a first cell assembly and a second cell assembly, wherein the first cell assembly is located on the substrate and comprises a perovskite material; at least one second cell assembly is located on a side of the first cell assembly facing away from the substrate, and an orthographic projection of the second cell assembly on the substrate is located within an orthographic projection of the first cell assembly on the substrate.

[0006] In some embodiments, the solar cell further comprises a conductive layer located between the first cell assembly and the second cell assembly, the surface of the conductive layer facing the substrate is laminated to the surface of the first cell assembly facing away from the substrate, the surface of the conductive layer facing away from the substrate is laminated to the surface of the second cell assembly facing the substrate, and the first cell assembly is electrically connected to the second cell assembly through the conductive layer;

[0007] Preferably, the orthographic projection of the conductive layer on the substrate and the orthographic projection of the first battery assembly on the substrate at least partially overlap;

[0008] Preferably, the material of the conductive layer includes a light-transmitting material;

[0009] Preferably, the first battery assembly is used to absorb the first light, and the second battery assembly is used to absorb the second light; the first battery assembly is arranged closer to the light incident side relative to the second battery assembly, and the conductive layer is configured to allow the second light to pass through and reflect the first light;

[0010] Preferably, the second battery assembly and the first battery assembly are bonded to each other.

[0011] In some embodiments, the orthographic projection of the conductive layer on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first battery component on the substrate; or,

[0012] The conductive layer includes a plurality of sub-portions, the orthographic projection of each sub-portion on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of each second battery assembly on the substrate, and the orthographic projection of each sub-portion on the substrate is located within the orthographic projection of the first battery assembly on the substrate.

[0013] In some embodiments, the conductive layer includes an adhesive conductive film, and the second battery assembly is bonded and electrically connected to the first battery assembly through the adhesive conductive film;

[0014] Preferably, the material for bonding the conductive film includes a glue material, and the glue material includes at least one of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene monomer) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonic acid;

[0015] Preferably, the orthographic projection of the adhesive conductive film on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first battery assembly on the substrate; or, the adhesive conductive film includes a plurality of sub-conductive films, and the orthographic projection of each sub-conductive film on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of each second battery assembly on the substrate;

[0016] Preferably, the adhesive conductive film comprises a plurality of sub-conductive films, the orthographic projection of each sub-conductive film on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of each second battery assembly on the substrate, a first spacing region is formed between two adjacent second battery assemblies, a second spacing region is formed between two adjacent sub-conductive films, and the orthographic projection of the first spacing region on the substrate overlaps at least partially with the orthographic projection of the corresponding second spacing region on the substrate;

[0017] Preferably, the orthographic projection of the first spacing region on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the corresponding second spacing region on the substrate;

[0018] Preferably, two adjacent second battery assemblies are insulated from each other.

[0019] In some embodiments, the conductive layer includes a conductive electrode, the conductive electrode is located between the first battery component and the second battery component, and the first battery component is electrically connected to the second battery component through the conductive electrode;

[0020] Preferably, the material of the conductive electrode comprises a light-transmitting material;

[0021] Preferably, the material of the conductive electrode includes at least one of indium tin oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, and tungsten-doped indium oxide;

[0022] Preferably, the orthographic projection of the conductive electrode on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first battery component on the substrate; or, the conductive electrode includes a plurality of conductive parts, and the orthographic projection of each conductive part on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of each second battery component on the substrate;

[0023] Preferably, the conductive electrode comprises a plurality of conductive parts, the orthographic projection of each conductive part on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of each second battery assembly on the substrate, a first spacing area is formed between two adjacent second battery assemblies, a third spacing area is formed between two adjacent conductive parts, and the orthographic projection of the first spacing area on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the corresponding third spacing area on the substrate at least partially;

[0024] Preferably, the orthographic projection of the first spacing region on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the corresponding third spacing region on the substrate;

[0025] Preferably, the conductive layer further comprises an adhesive conductive film, the adhesive conductive film is stacked between the first battery assembly and the second battery assembly, and the conductive electrode is located on a side of the adhesive conductive film facing the substrate or a side away from the substrate;

[0026] Preferably, the adhesive conductive film comprises a plurality of sub-conductive films, the orthographic projection of each sub-conductive film on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of each second battery assembly on the substrate, a second spacing region is formed between two adjacent sub-conductive films, and the orthographic projection of the second spacing region on the substrate at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the corresponding third spacing region on the substrate;

[0027] Preferably, the orthographic projection of the second spacing region on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the corresponding third spacing region on the substrate.

[0028] In some embodiments, a side of the second battery assembly facing the substrate is formed with a plurality of first protrusions arranged side by side; and / or a side of the second battery assembly facing away from the substrate is formed with a plurality of second protrusions arranged side by side;

[0029] Preferably, a cross section of the first protrusion in a direction parallel to the substrate gradually decreases in a direction close to the substrate;

[0030] Preferably, a cross section of the second protrusion in a direction parallel to the substrate gradually decreases in a direction away from the substrate;

[0031] Preferably, a plurality of first recesses are formed on a side of the second battery assembly facing the substrate, the first recesses are located between two adjacent first protrusions, the conductive layer includes an adhesive conductive film, a plurality of third protrusions and a plurality of second recesses are formed on a side of the adhesive conductive film facing away from the substrate, the orthographic projection of each third protrusion on the substrate corresponds one-to-one with the orthographic projection of each first recess on the substrate and at least partially overlaps, and the orthographic projection of each first protrusion on the substrate corresponds one-to-one with the orthographic projection of each second recess on the substrate and at least partially overlaps;

[0032] Preferably, the conductive layer further comprises a conductive electrode, which is located on the side of the adhesive conductive film facing the substrate; or, the conductive electrode is located on the side of the adhesive conductive film facing away from the substrate, and the shape of the conductive electrode is adapted to the contour shape of the side of the second battery assembly facing the substrate and the side of the adhesive conductive film facing away from the substrate;

[0033] Preferably, the conductive electrode is located on the side of the adhesive conductive film facing the substrate, and the distance H1 from the end of the third protrusion away from the substrate to the side of the conductive layer facing the substrate is greater than the height H2 of the first protrusion along the thickness direction of the substrate; or, the conductive electrode is located on the side of the adhesive conductive film away from the substrate, and the distance H3 from the end of the third protrusion away from the substrate to the side of the adhesive conductive film facing the substrate is greater than the height H2 of the first protrusion along the thickness direction of the substrate.

[0034] In some embodiments, the material of the substrate includes a light-transmitting material;

[0035] Preferably, the light transmittance of the first battery assembly is greater than the light transmittance of the second battery assembly.

[0036] In some embodiments, at least two second battery assemblies are provided on a side of the same first battery assembly facing away from the substrate;

[0037] Preferably, the first battery assembly includes a first functional layer and a first electrode disposed on a side of the first functional layer facing the substrate, and the second battery assembly includes a second functional layer and a second electrode disposed on a side of the second functional layer facing away from the substrate, and the first functional layer and the second functional layer are electrically connected to each other;

[0038] Preferably, the solar cell further comprises a conductive layer, the conductive layer is located between the first functional layer and the second functional layer, and the first functional layer and the second functional layer are electrically connected via the conductive layer;

[0039] Preferably, the first battery assembly further includes a first lead-out wire, through which the first electrode is led out, and the second battery assembly further includes a second lead-out wire, through which the second electrode of each second battery assembly is led out;

[0040] Preferably, the first functional layer includes a first transmission layer, a first perovskite active layer, and a second transmission layer, and the first transmission layer, the first perovskite active layer, and the second transmission layer are sequentially stacked in a direction away from the substrate; or, the first functional layer includes a first transmission layer, a first perovskite active layer, a second perovskite active layer, and a second transmission layer, and the first transmission layer, the first perovskite active layer, the second perovskite active layer, and the second transmission layer are sequentially stacked in a direction away from the substrate; or, the first functional layer includes a first transmission layer, a first perovskite active layer, and a second transmission layer sequentially stacked in a direction away from the substrate, the number of the first battery components is two, and the two second battery components are sequentially stacked in a direction away from the substrate;

[0041] Preferably, the material of the first perovskite active layer includes an inorganic perovskite material or an organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite material;

[0042] Preferably, the material of the second perovskite active layer includes an inorganic perovskite material or an organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite material;

[0043] Preferably, the material of the second functional layer includes crystalline silicon material;

[0044] Preferably, the second battery assembly is any one of a PERC battery, a TOPCon battery, and a HJT battery;

[0045] Preferably, the first battery assembly is arranged in a whole layer, and each second battery assembly is arranged on a side of the first battery assembly facing away from the substrate.

[0046] In some embodiments, the solar cell further comprises a packaging assembly, the packaging assembly comprises a cover plate, and the cover plate is disposed on a side of the second cell assembly away from the substrate;

[0047] Preferably, the packaging assembly further includes a packaging adhesive layer, and the packaging adhesive layer is arranged between the cover plate and the second battery assembly.

[0048] A second aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing a solar cell, comprising:

[0049] forming a first battery assembly;

[0050] forming a second battery assembly;

[0051] The second battery assembly is transferred to one side of the first battery assembly, and the second battery assembly is electrically connected to the first battery assembly.

[0052] In some embodiments, the step of forming the first battery assembly includes:

[0053] forming a first battery component on a substrate, the first battery component comprising a perovskite material;

[0054] The step of transferring the second battery assembly to one side of the first battery assembly includes:

[0055] At least one second battery component is transferred to a side of the first battery component facing away from the substrate, and the orthographic projection of the second battery component on the substrate is located within the orthographic projection of the first battery component on the substrate.

[0056] In some embodiments, before the step of transferring the second battery assembly to the side of the first battery assembly facing away from the substrate, the method further includes:

[0057] forming a conductive layer;

[0058] In the step of transferring the second battery assembly to the side of the first battery assembly facing away from the substrate, the conductive layer is located between the first battery assembly and the second battery assembly, the surface of the conductive layer facing the substrate is laminated with the surface of the first battery assembly facing away from the substrate, the surface of the conductive layer facing away from the substrate is laminated with the surface of the second battery assembly facing the substrate, and the first battery assembly is electrically connected to the second battery assembly via the conductive layer;

[0059] Preferably, the step of forming the conductive layer includes:

[0060] An adhesive conductive film and / or a conductive electrode is formed to obtain a conductive layer.

[0061] In some embodiments, the step of forming a conductive layer includes:

[0062] A conductive layer is formed on a side of the first battery assembly facing away from the substrate, and the orthographic projection of the conductive layer on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first battery assembly on the substrate; or,

[0063] A sub-portion is formed on one side of each second battery assembly, the orthographic projection of each sub-portion on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of each second battery assembly on the substrate, and the plurality of sub-portions form a conductive layer.

[0064] In some embodiments, the step of forming a conductive layer includes:

[0065] A sub-conductive film is formed on one side of each second battery assembly, the orthographic projection of the sub-conductive film on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the corresponding second battery assembly on the substrate, and the plurality of sub-conductive films form an adhesive conductive film; and / or,

[0066] The steps of forming the conductive layer include:

[0067] A conductive portion is formed on one side of each second battery assembly, the orthographic projection of the conductive portion on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the corresponding second battery assembly on the substrate, and the plurality of conductive portions form a conductive electrode.

[0068] In some embodiments, the step of forming a conductive layer includes:

[0069] forming an adhesive conductive film on a side of the first battery assembly facing away from the substrate, wherein an orthographic projection of the adhesive conductive film on the substrate overlaps with an orthographic projection of the first battery assembly on the substrate;

[0070] A conductive portion is formed on one side of each second battery assembly, the orthographic projection of each conductive portion on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of each second battery assembly on the substrate, and the plurality of conductive portions form a conductive electrode;

[0071] Alternatively, the step of forming the conductive layer includes:

[0072] forming a conductive electrode on a side of the first battery component facing away from the substrate, wherein an orthographic projection of the conductive electrode on the substrate overlaps with an orthographic projection of the first battery component on the substrate;

[0073] A sub-conductive film is formed on one side of each second battery assembly, and the orthographic projection of each sub-conductive film on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of each second battery assembly on the substrate, and the plurality of sub-conductive films form an adhesive conductive film.

[0074] In some embodiments, after the step of transferring the second battery assembly to one side of the first battery assembly, the method further includes:

[0075] forming a packaging assembly on a side of the second battery assembly facing away from the first battery assembly;

[0076] Preferably, the step of forming a packaging assembly on a side of the second battery assembly facing away from the first battery assembly comprises:

[0077] forming a packaging adhesive layer on a side of the second battery assembly facing away from the first battery assembly;

[0078] forming a cover plate on a side of the packaging adhesive layer away from the first battery assembly;

[0079] Preferably, the step of transferring the second battery assembly to one side of the first battery assembly comprises:

[0080] transferring at least two second battery assemblies to one side of the same first battery assembly;

[0081] The step of forming a packaging adhesive layer on a side of the second battery assembly facing away from the first battery assembly also includes:

[0082] The packaging glue layer is also filled in the gap between two adjacent second battery components;

[0083] Preferably, after the step of forming a packaging assembly on a side of the second battery assembly facing away from the first battery assembly, the method further comprises:

[0084] Pressing the packaging assembly in a direction close to the first battery assembly;

[0085] Preferably, after the step of transferring the second battery assembly to one side of the first battery assembly, the method further comprises:

[0086] The first battery assembly and the second battery assembly are pre-compressed.

[0087] The embodiment of the present application provides a solar cell and a method for preparing the same. The solar cell includes a substrate, a first cell assembly, and a second cell assembly. When the solar cell is irradiated with light, electron-hole pairs can be generated in the first cell assembly and the second cell assembly, respectively. Electrons and holes can move in the first cell assembly and the second cell assembly, thereby generating current and realizing photoelectric conversion. The first cell assembly is located on the substrate and includes a perovskite material. At least one second cell assembly is located on the side of the first cell assembly facing away from the substrate. The orthographic projection of the second cell assembly on the substrate is located within the orthographic projection of the first cell assembly on the substrate. Therefore, the first cell assembly including the perovskite material can be directly prepared on the substrate in a large area, so that the production area of ​​the first cell assembly does not need to be restricted by the area of ​​the second cell assembly, which is conducive to improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell. At the same time, compared with preparing the first cell assembly on the side of each second cell assembly facing away from the substrate, it can also reduce the difficulty of preparing the first cell assembly, improve production efficiency, and reduce costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0088] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0089] Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view of a solar cell provided in some embodiments of the present application;

[0090] Figure 2 Another cross-sectional schematic diagram of a solar cell provided in some embodiments of the present application;

[0091] Figure 3 A schematic cross-sectional view of a solar cell provided in some other embodiments of the present application;

[0092] Figure 4 Another cross-sectional schematic diagram of a solar cell provided in some embodiments of the present application;

[0093] Figure 5 Another cross-sectional schematic diagram of a solar cell provided in some embodiments of the present application;

[0094] Figure 6 A schematic cross-sectional view of a solar cell provided in some other embodiments of the present application;

[0095] Figure 7 Another cross-sectional schematic diagram of a solar cell provided in some other embodiments of the present application;

[0096] Figure 8Another cross-sectional schematic diagram of a solar cell provided in some other embodiments of the present application;

[0097] Fig. 9 Another cross-sectional schematic diagram of a solar cell provided in some embodiments of the present application;

[0098] Fig.10 Still another cross-sectional schematic diagram of a solar cell provided in some other embodiments of the present application;

[0099] Fig.11 A schematic cross-sectional view of a solar cell provided in some embodiments of the present application;

[0100] Fig.12 A schematic cross-sectional view of a solar cell provided in some further embodiments of the present application;

[0101] Fig.13 A schematic cross-sectional view of a solar cell provided in some further embodiments of the present application;

[0102] Fig.14 Another cross-sectional schematic diagram of a solar cell provided in some embodiments of the present application;

[0103] Fig.15 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of a first cell assembly of a solar cell provided in some embodiments of the present application;

[0104] Fig.16 A flow chart of a method for preparing a solar cell provided in some embodiments of the present application;

[0105] Fig.17 Another flow chart of a method for preparing a solar cell provided in some embodiments of the present application;

[0106] Fig.18 Another flow chart of a method for preparing a solar cell provided in some embodiments of the present application;

[0107] Fig.19 Still another flow chart of a method for preparing a solar cell provided in some embodiments of the present application.

[0108] The figures are as follows:

[0109] Substrate 10; first battery component 20; first electrode 21; first functional layer 22; first transmission layer 221; first perovskite active layer 222; second transmission layer 223; second perovskite active layer 224; second battery component 30; second electrode 31; first convex portion 32; second convex portion 33; second functional layer 34; first recess 35; conductive layer 40; sub-portion 41; adhesive conductive film 42; sub-conductive film 421; third convex portion 422; second recess 423; conductive electrode 43; conductive portion 431; packaging component 50; cover plate 51; packaging glue layer 52; first spacing area A1; second spacing area A2; third spacing area A3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0110] The following detailed description and drawings of the embodiments of the present application are used to illustrate the principles of the present application, but cannot be used to limit the scope of the present application, that is, the present application is not limited to the described embodiments.

[0111] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means more than two; the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. "Vertical" is not strictly vertical, but is within the allowable error range. "Parallel" is not strictly parallel, but is within the allowable error range.

[0112] Reference to "embodiments" in this application means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described in this application may be combined with other embodiments.

[0113] The directional words appearing in the following description are all directions shown in the figures, and do not limit the specific structure of this application. In the description of this application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0114] Crystalline silicon-perovskite tandem cells are usually composed of a substrate, a crystalline silicon cell assembly and a perovskite cell assembly, wherein the perovskite cell assembly is located on the side of the crystalline silicon cell assembly away from the substrate. In the preparation process of the tandem cell, a plurality of independent crystalline silicon cell assemblies are first formed on the substrate, and then the perovskite cell material is directly prepared on the side of each crystalline silicon cell assembly away from the substrate to obtain a plurality of perovskite cell assemblies corresponding to the plurality of crystalline silicon cell assemblies. In this process, due to the size of the crystalline silicon cell assembly, the production area of ​​the perovskite cell assembly prepared on the side of the crystalline silicon cell assembly away from the substrate is small, thereby affecting the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0115] In order to solve the above technical problems, the embodiments of the present application provide a solar cell and a method for preparing the same. The solar cell is first introduced below.

[0116] See also Figure 1 In a first aspect, the present application provides a solar cell, comprising a substrate 10, a first battery assembly 20 and a second battery assembly 30, wherein the first battery assembly 20 is located on the substrate 10 and comprises a perovskite material; at least one second battery assembly 30 is located on a side of the first battery assembly 20 away from the substrate 10, and an orthographic projection of the second battery assembly 30 on the substrate 10 is located within an orthographic projection of the first battery assembly 20 on the substrate 10.

[0117] The first cell assembly 20 and the second cell assembly 30 can absorb different photons in the light to improve the spectral response range of the solar cell. For example, the first cell assembly 20 can absorb high-energy photons, and the second cell assembly 30 can absorb low-energy photons, so that the energy in the light irradiated to the solar cell can be fully absorbed by the first cell assembly 20 and the second cell assembly 30 to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell. The first cell assembly 20 includes a perovskite material, that is, the first cell assembly 20 can be a perovskite cell assembly, so that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the first cell assembly 20 can be improved. Optionally, the second cell assembly 30 can be a crystalline silicon cell assembly. Of course, the first cell assembly 20 and the second cell assembly 30 can also be other types of solar cell assemblies, which is not limited in this embodiment.

[0118] External light can be incident on the solar cell from the side of the substrate 10 away from the first cell assembly 20 and / or the side of the second cell assembly 30 away from the substrate 10. For example, when external light is incident on the side of the substrate 10 away from the first cell assembly 20, the external light can pass through the substrate 10 and irradiate the first cell assembly 20 and the second cell assembly 30, so that the first cell assembly 20 and the second cell assembly 30 can respectively perform photoelectric conversion.

[0119] The first battery assembly 20 may include a first electrode 21 and a first functional layer 22 stacked in sequence in a direction away from the substrate 10, and the second battery assembly 30 may include a second electrode 31 and a second functional layer 34 stacked in sequence in a direction away from the substrate 10. The first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30 may be electrically connected to each other, that is, a tunneling junction may be formed between the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30. When the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30 are exposed to light, electron-hole pairs may be generated in the first functional layer 22 of the first battery assembly 20 and the second functional layer 34 of the second battery assembly 30, respectively. Electrons and holes may move toward the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 31, respectively, in the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30, thereby generating current and realizing photoelectric conversion.

[0120] In the embodiment of the present application, the first battery assembly 20 is located on one side of the substrate 10, and at least one second battery assembly 30 is located on the side of the first battery assembly 20 facing away from the substrate 10. The orthographic projection of the second battery assembly 30 on the substrate 10 is located within the orthographic projection of the first battery assembly 20 on the substrate 10. Therefore, in the preparation process of the solar cell, the first battery assembly 20 including the perovskite material can be directly prepared on a large area on the substrate 10, and then the second battery assembly 30 is formed on the side of the first battery assembly 20 facing away from the substrate 10, so that the production area of ​​the first battery assembly 20 does not need to be limited by the size of the second battery assembly 30, which is beneficial to improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell. At the same time, compared with preparing the first battery assembly 20 on the side of each second battery assembly 30 facing away from the substrate 10, it can also reduce the difficulty of preparing the first battery assembly 20, improve production efficiency and reduce costs.

[0121] It can be understood that forming the second battery assembly 30 on the side of the first battery assembly 20 away from the substrate 10 can be to connect the pre-prepared second battery assembly 30 to the side of the first battery assembly 20 away from the substrate 10, that is, the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30 can be prepared separately, and then the formed second battery assembly 30 can be connected to the side of the first battery assembly 20 away from the substrate 10. Optionally, when the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30 are prepared separately, the second battery assembly 30 can be prepared at the same time as the first battery assembly 20, or the second battery assembly 30 can be prepared before the first battery assembly 20, and it is only necessary to ensure that the second battery assembly 30 can be connected to the side of the first battery assembly 20 away from the substrate 10 after the first battery assembly 20 is prepared. Of course, forming the second battery assembly 30 on the side of the first battery assembly 20 away from the substrate 10 can also be to directly prepare the second battery assembly 30 on the side of the first battery assembly 20 away from the substrate 10 through a process.

[0122] See also Figure 2 In some embodiments, the solar cell further comprises a conductive layer 40 between the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30, the surface of the conductive layer 40 facing the substrate 10 is bonded to the surface of the first battery assembly 20 facing away from the substrate 10, the surface of the conductive layer 40 facing away from the substrate 10 is bonded to the surface of the second battery assembly 30 facing the substrate 10, the first battery assembly 20 is electrically connected to the second battery assembly 30 through the conductive layer 40, so that the electrons and holes generated in the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30 can move to the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 31 through the conductive layer 40 to generate current and improve the mobility of electrons and holes.

[0123] Preferably, the orthographic projection of the conductive layer 40 on the substrate 10 and the orthographic projection of the first battery assembly 20 on the substrate 10 at least partially overlap, so that the electrons and holes generated in the first battery assembly 20 can move to the second electrode 31 of the second battery assembly 30 through the conductive layer 40, thereby generating current and improving the mobility of electrons and holes.

[0124] Preferably, the material of the conductive layer 40 includes a light-transmitting material to improve the light transmittance of the conductive layer 40, so that more light can pass through the conductive layer 40 from one of the first battery component 20 and the second battery component 30 and enter the other, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0125] Preferably, the first cell assembly 20 is used to absorb the first light, and the second cell assembly 30 is used to absorb the second light; the first cell assembly 20 is arranged close to the light incident side relative to the second cell assembly 30, and the conductive layer 40 is configured to allow the second light to pass through and reflect the first light. Therefore, when the solar cell is irradiated with light, the light passes through the substrate 10 and propagates in a direction close to the second cell assembly 30. During this process, the second light can pass through the conductive layer 40 and propagate to the second cell assembly 30 for photoelectric conversion. At the same time, the conductive layer 40 can also reflect the first light that passes through the first cell assembly 20, so that part of the first light enters the first cell assembly 20 again for photoelectric conversion, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the first cell assembly 20.

[0126] In some embodiments, the second battery assembly 30 and the first battery assembly 20 are bonded to each other.

[0127] In the process of preparing solar cells, the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30 can be prepared separately and then bonded together. Compared with first forming the first battery assembly 20 on the substrate 10 and then directly preparing the second battery assembly 30 on the side of the first battery assembly 20 away from the substrate 10, the production efficiency of the solar cell can be improved and the difficulty of preparing the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30 can be reduced. In addition, the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30 are assembled by bonding, which can improve the stability between the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30 on the one hand, and reduce the difficulty of assembly on the other hand, so as to further improve the production efficiency of the solar cell.

[0128] Please continue reading Figure 2 In some embodiments, the orthographic projection of the conductive layer 40 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first battery component 20 on the substrate 10. In this case, the conductive layer 40 is disposed approximately as a whole layer on the side of the first battery component 20 away from the substrate 10, thereby increasing the area of ​​the conductive layer 40, reducing the resistivity of the conductive layer 40, and improving the carrier migration efficiency. Alternatively, please refer to Figure 3 The conductive layer 40 includes a plurality of sub-portions 41, and the orthographic projection of each sub-portion 41 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of each second battery component 30 on the substrate 10, and the orthographic projection of each sub-portion 41 on the substrate 10 is located within the orthographic projection of the first battery component 20 on the substrate 10, that is, each sub-portion 41 of the conductive layer 40 is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with each second battery component 30, thereby reducing carrier crosstalk between each second battery component 30.

[0129] It should be noted that, when the orthographic projection of the conductive layer 40 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first battery assembly 20 on the substrate 10, the conductive layer 40 can be directly prepared on the side of the first battery assembly 20 away from the substrate 10, and then the second battery assembly 30 can be transferred to the side of the conductive layer 40 away from the substrate 10, so as to realize the electrical connection between the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30 through the conductive layer 40. When the conductive layer 40 includes a plurality of sub-sections 41, and the orthographic projection of each sub-section 41 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of each second battery assembly 30 on the substrate 10, each sub-section 41 can be directly prepared on one side of each second battery assembly 30, and then each second battery assembly 30 can be transferred to the side of the first battery assembly 20 away from the substrate 10, and each sub-section 41 is located between the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30, so as to realize the electrical connection between the first battery assembly 20 and each second battery assembly 30 through each sub-section 41.

[0130] See also Figure 4In some embodiments, the conductive layer 40 includes an adhesive conductive film 42, and the second battery assembly 30 is bonded and electrically connected to the first battery assembly 20 through the adhesive conductive film 42 to reduce the number and thickness of film layers between the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30, reduce costs, and improve light transmittance.

[0131] Preferably, the material of the adhesive conductive film 42 includes a glue material, and the glue material includes poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene monomer) or poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) -polystyrene sulfonic acid, so that the adhesive conductive film 42 has good bonding ability and conductivity, and realizes the bonding and fixation of the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30 while realizing the electrical connection between the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30, without the need to set an additional glue layer for bonding the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30, which can reduce costs and at the same time can reduce the thickness of the film layer between the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30, thereby improving the light transmittance and thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0132] Preferably, please continue to see Figure 4 , the orthographic projection of the adhesive conductive film 42 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first battery assembly 20 on the substrate 10. At this time, the adhesive conductive film 42 is arranged as a whole layer on the side of the first battery assembly 20 away from the substrate 10, thereby increasing the area of ​​the adhesive conductive film 42, improving the adhesive reliability of the adhesive conductive film 42 to the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30, and reducing the resistivity of the adhesive conductive film 42, thereby improving the carrier mobility. Alternatively, please refer to Figure 5 The adhesive conductive film 42 includes a plurality of sub-conductive films 421, and the orthographic projection of each sub-conductive film 421 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of each second battery component 30 on the substrate 10, so that each sub-conductive film 421 is arranged in one-to-one correspondence with each second battery component 30, thereby reducing carrier crosstalk between different second battery components 30.

[0133] It should be noted that, when the orthographic projection of the adhesive conductive film 42 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first battery assembly 20 on the substrate 10, the adhesive conductive film 42 can be directly prepared on the side of the first battery assembly 20 away from the substrate 10, and then the second battery assembly 30 is transferred to the side of the adhesive conductive film 42 away from the substrate 10, so as to bond and conduct the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30 through the adhesive conductive film 42. When the adhesive conductive film 42 includes a plurality of sub-conductive films 421, and the orthographic projection of each sub-conductive film 421 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of each second battery assembly 30 on the substrate 10, each sub-conductive film 421 can be directly prepared on one side of the second battery assembly 30, and after the second battery assembly 30 is transferred to the side of the first battery assembly 20 away from the substrate 10, each sub-conductive film 421 is located between the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30, so as to bond the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30 and realize the electrical connection between the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30.

[0134] Please continue reading Figure 5 Preferably, the adhesive conductive film 42 includes a plurality of sub-conductive films 421, the orthographic projection of each sub-conductive film 421 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of each second battery component 30 on the substrate 10, a first spacing area A1 is formed between two adjacent second battery components 30, and a second spacing area A2 is formed between two adjacent sub-conductive films 421, and the orthographic projection of the first spacing area A1 on the substrate 10 at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the corresponding second spacing area A2 on the substrate 10, so as to further reduce carrier crosstalk between the second battery components 30 and between the sub-conductive films 421.

[0135] Preferably, the orthographic projection of the first spacing area A1 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the corresponding second spacing area A2 on the substrate 10 to further reduce carrier crosstalk between the second battery components 30 and between the sub-conductive films 421 .

[0136] Preferably, two adjacent second battery assemblies 30 are insulated from each other, so that each second battery assembly 30 can independently perform photoelectric conversion, thereby reducing crosstalk.

[0137] See also Figure 6 and Figure 8In some embodiments, the conductive layer 40 includes a conductive electrode 43, which is located between the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30. The first battery assembly 20 is electrically connected to the second battery assembly 30 through the conductive electrode 43, so as to provide a migration channel for the carriers generated in the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30 through the conductive electrode 43 between the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30, thereby ensuring the carrier migration efficiency and thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30.

[0138] It should be noted that the conductive layer 40 may include a conductive electrode 43 , or may include a conductive electrode 43 and an adhesive conductive film 42 , which is not limited in this embodiment.

[0139] Preferably, the material of the conductive electrode 43 includes a light-transmitting material to improve the light transmittance of the conductive electrode 43, so that more light can pass through the conductive electrode 43 from one of the first battery component 20 and the second battery component 30 and enter the other, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0140] Preferably, the material of the conductive electrode 43 includes at least one of indium tin oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, and tungsten-doped indium oxide, so that the conductive electrode 43 has good conductivity and light transmission properties.

[0141] Preferably, please continue to see Figure 6 , the orthographic projection of the conductive electrode 43 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first battery component 20 on the substrate 10. At this time, the conductive electrode 43 is arranged as a whole layer on the side of the first battery component 20 away from the substrate 10, thereby increasing the area of ​​the conductive electrode 43, reducing the resistivity of the conductive electrode 43, and thus improving the carrier mobility. Alternatively, please refer to Figure 7 The conductive electrode 43 includes a plurality of conductive parts 431, and the orthographic projection of each conductive part 431 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of each second battery component 30 on the substrate 10. The plurality of conductive parts 431 form the conductive electrode 43, so that each conductive part 431 is arranged in one-to-one correspondence with each second battery component 30, so that carriers can be transferred between the first battery component 20 and the corresponding second battery component 30 respectively through the conductive part 431, thereby reducing carrier crosstalk between the second battery components 30.

[0142] It should be noted that, when the orthographic projection of the conductive electrode 43 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first battery assembly 20 on the substrate 10, the conductive electrode 43 can be directly prepared on the side of the first battery assembly 20 away from the substrate 10, and then the second battery assembly 30 is transferred to the side of the conductive electrode 43 away from the substrate 10, so as to conduct the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30 through the conductive electrode 43. When the conductive electrode 43 includes a plurality of conductive parts 431, and the orthographic projection of each conductive part 431 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of each second battery assembly 30 on the substrate 10, each conductive part 431 can be directly prepared on one side of the second battery assembly 30, and after the second battery assembly 30 is transferred to the side of the first battery assembly 20 away from the substrate 10, each conductive part 431 is located between the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30, so as to conduct the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30.

[0143] Please continue reading Figure 7 Preferably, the conductive electrode 43 includes a plurality of conductive parts 431, the orthographic projection of each conductive part 431 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of each second battery component 30 on the substrate 10, a first spacing area A1 is formed between two adjacent second battery components 30, a third spacing area A3 is formed between two adjacent conductive parts 431, and the orthographic projection of the first spacing area A1 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the corresponding third spacing area A3 on the substrate 10 at least partially, so as to further reduce carrier crosstalk between the second battery components 30 and between the conductive parts 431.

[0144] Preferably, the orthographic projection of the first spacing area A1 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the corresponding third spacing area A3 on the substrate 10 to further reduce carrier crosstalk between the second battery components 30 and between the conductive parts 431 .

[0145] See also Figure 6 and Figure 8 Preferably, the conductive layer 40 also includes an adhesive conductive film 42, which is stacked between the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30, and the conductive electrode 43 is located on the side of the adhesive conductive film 42 facing the substrate 10 or the side away from the substrate 10. Therefore, on the basis of bonding and connecting the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30 through the adhesive conductive film 42, the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30 can be further connected through the conductive electrode 43 to improve the migration efficiency of electrons and holes generated in the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30.

[0146] It should be noted that if Figure 8 and Fig. 9 As shown, the conductive electrode 43 may be located on the side of the adhesive conductive film 42 facing the substrate 10, or, as shown in FIG. Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown in FIG. 1 , the conductive electrode 43 may also be located on the side of the adhesive conductive film 42 facing away from the substrate 10, which is not limited in this embodiment. The conductive layer 40 may include the adhesive conductive film 42 and the conductive electrode 43. Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, when the orthographic projection of the adhesive conductive film 42 on the substrate 10 can overlap with the orthographic projection of the first battery component 20 on the substrate 10, the orthographic projection of the conductive electrode 43 on the substrate 10 can be as shown in FIG. Figure 6 As shown, the first battery assembly 20 overlaps with the orthographic projection on the substrate 10, or, as shown Figure 7 As shown, the conductive electrode 43 may include a plurality of conductive portions 431, and the orthographic projection of each conductive portion 431 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of each second battery component 30 on the substrate 10. Alternatively, as Figure 8-Figure 10 As shown, when the adhesive conductive film 42 may include a plurality of sub-conductive films 421, when the orthographic projection of each sub-conductive film 421 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of each second battery assembly 30 on the substrate 10, as shown in FIG. Figure 8 As shown, the orthographic projection of the conductive electrode 43 on the substrate 10 may overlap with the orthographic projection of the first battery component 20 on the substrate 10, or, as shown in FIG. Fig. 9 and Fig.10 As shown, the conductive electrode 43 may include a plurality of conductive portions 431 , and the orthographic projection of each conductive portion 431 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of each second battery assembly 30 on the substrate 10 .

[0147] It is understandable that if Fig.12 As shown, when the conductive electrode 43 is located on the side of the adhesive conductive film 42 facing the substrate 10, the orthographic projection of the adhesive conductive film 42 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first battery component 20 on the substrate 10, and the conductive electrode 43 includes a plurality of conductive portions 431, and the orthographic projection of each conductive portion 431 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of each second battery component 30 on the substrate 10, in the preparation process of the conductive layer 40, the conductive electrode 43 material can be first formed on the side of the first battery component 20 away from the substrate 10, and then the conductive electrode 43 material can be patterned to form a conductive electrode 43 having a plurality of conductive portions 431, and then the adhesive conductive film 42 is formed on the side of the conductive electrode 43 away from the substrate 10. Similarly, as Fig.13As shown, when the conductive electrode 43 is located on the side of the adhesive conductive film 42 facing away from the substrate 10, the orthographic projection of the conductive electrode 43 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first battery component 20 on the substrate 10, and the adhesive conductive film 42 may include a plurality of sub-conductive films 421, and the orthographic projection of each sub-conductive film 421 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of each second battery component 30 on the substrate 10, an adhesive conductive material can be first formed on the side of the first battery component 20 facing away from the substrate 10, and then the adhesive conductive material can be patterned to form an adhesive conductive film 42 having a plurality of sub-conductive films 421, and then a conductive electrode 43 is formed on the side of the adhesive conductive film 42 facing away from the substrate 10.

[0148] Preferably, when the orthographic projection of one of the conductive electrode 43 and the adhesive conductive film 42 that is farther away from the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first battery component 20 on the substrate 10, the orthographic projection of one of the conductive electrode 43 and the adhesive conductive film 42 that is closer to the substrate 10 on the substrate 10 may overlap with the orthographic projection of the first battery component 20 on the substrate 10, thereby eliminating the need to perform patterning on the one of the conductive electrode 43 and the adhesive conductive film 42 that is closer to the substrate 10, thereby reducing the difficulty of preparing the one of the conductive electrode 43 and the adhesive conductive film 42 that is closer to the substrate 10.

[0149] For example, Fig.11 As shown, when the conductive electrode 43 is located on the side of the adhesive conductive film 42 facing the substrate 10 and the orthographic projection of the adhesive conductive film 42 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first battery component 20 on the substrate 10, the orthographic projection of the conductive electrode 43 on the substrate 10 can overlap with the orthographic projection of the first battery component 20 on the substrate 10, that is, the conductive electrode 43 and the adhesive conductive film 42 can be formed in sequence on the side of the first battery component 20 away from the substrate 10. Compared with forming the conductive electrode 43 material on the side of the first battery component 20 away from the substrate 10, patterning the conductive electrode 43 material to form the conductive electrode 43, and then forming the adhesive conductive film 42, the preparation process can be simplified and the preparation difficulty can be reduced. Similarly, if Figure 6 As shown, when the conductive electrode 43 is located on the side of the adhesive conductive film 42 facing away from the substrate 10 and the orthographic projection of the conductive electrode 43 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first battery component 20 on the substrate 10, the orthographic projection of the adhesive conductive film 42 on the substrate 10 can overlap with the orthographic projection of the first battery component 20 on the substrate 10 to simplify the preparation process and reduce the difficulty of preparation.

[0150] Preferably, the adhesive conductive film 42 includes a plurality of sub-conductive films 421, the orthographic projection of each sub-conductive film 421 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of each second battery component 30 on the substrate 10, a second spacing area A2 is formed between two adjacent sub-conductive films 421, and the orthographic projection of the second spacing area A2 on the substrate 10 at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the corresponding third spacing area A3 on the substrate 10, which can further reduce carrier crosstalk between the second battery components 30 and between each sub-conductive film 421 and each conductive portion 431.

[0151] Preferably, the orthographic projection of the second spacing area A2 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the corresponding third spacing area A3 on the substrate 10, which can further reduce carrier crosstalk between the second battery components 30 and between the sub-conductive films 421 and the conductive parts 431.

[0152] Please continue reading Figure 4 and Figure 5 In some embodiments, a plurality of first convex portions 32 are arranged side by side on the side of the second battery assembly 30 facing the substrate 10. When light passes through the substrate 10 and the first battery assembly 20 and enters the second battery assembly 30, the first convex portions 32 can be used to change the propagation path of the light on the side of the second battery assembly 30 facing the substrate 10, so that more light can enter the second battery assembly 30 for photoelectric conversion, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the second battery assembly 30. And / or, please continue to refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 A plurality of second protrusions 33 arranged side by side are formed on the side of the second battery assembly 30 away from the substrate 10. When light propagates from the side of the second battery assembly 30 away from the substrate 10 to the second battery assembly 30, the setting of the second protrusions 33 can be used to change the propagation path of light on the side of the second battery assembly 30 away from the substrate 10, so that more light can be incident on the second battery assembly 30 for photoelectric conversion, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the second battery assembly 30.

[0153] In addition, forming a first protrusion 32 on the side of the second battery assembly 30 facing the substrate 10 and / or forming a second protrusion 33 on the side of the second battery assembly 30 away from the substrate 10 can also reduce carrier recombination losses on the surface of the second battery assembly 30 and improve carrier collection efficiency.

[0154] Please continue reading Figure 4 and Figure 5Preferably, the cross-section of the first protrusion 32 in the direction parallel to the substrate 10 gradually decreases in the direction close to the substrate 10. Therefore, when light passes through the substrate 10 and the first battery assembly 20 and is incident on the second battery assembly 30, the first protrusion 32 can reduce the reflection of light on the surface of the second battery assembly 30 toward the side of the substrate 10, so that more light can be incident on the second battery assembly 30 for photoelectric conversion.

[0155] Please continue reading Figure 4 and Figure 5 Preferably, the cross-section of the second protrusion 33 in the direction parallel to the substrate gradually decreases in the direction away from the substrate 10. When light propagates from the side of the second battery assembly 30 away from the substrate 10 to the second battery assembly 30, the second protrusion 33 can reduce the reflection of light on the surface of the second battery assembly 30 away from the substrate 10, so that more light can be incident on the second battery assembly 30 for photoelectric conversion.

[0156] Please continue reading Figure 4 and Figure 5 Preferably, a plurality of first recesses 35 are formed on the side of the second battery assembly 30 facing the substrate 10, and the first recess 35 is located between two adjacent first protrusions 32. The conductive layer 40 includes an adhesive conductive film 42, and a plurality of third protrusions 422 and a plurality of second recesses 423 are formed on the side of the adhesive conductive film 42 facing away from the substrate 10. The orthographic projection of each third protrusion 422 on the substrate 10 corresponds one-to-one to the orthographic projection of each first recess 35 on the substrate 10 and at least partially overlaps. The orthographic projection of each first protrusion 32 on the substrate 10 corresponds one-to-one to the orthographic projection of each second recess 423 on the substrate 10 and at least partially overlaps, that is, the third protrusions 422 are located one-to-one in the first recesses 35, and the first protrusions 32 are located one-to-one in the second recesses 423, thereby increasing the contact area between the adhesive conductive film 42 and the second battery assembly 30 and improving the bonding reliability of the adhesive conductive film 42.

[0157] Preferably, see Figure 8 The conductive layer 40 further includes a conductive electrode 43, which is located on the side of the adhesive conductive film 42 facing the substrate 10. Therefore, the conductive electrode 43 can further realize the electrical connection between the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30 on the side of the adhesive conductive film 42 facing the substrate 10, thereby improving the carrier mobility between the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30. Alternatively, please refer to Figure 6The conductive electrode 43 is located on the side of the adhesive conductive film 42 facing away from the substrate 10, and the shape of the conductive electrode 43 is adapted to the contour shape of the side of the second battery component 30 facing the substrate 10 and the side of the adhesive conductive film 42 facing away from the substrate 10. Therefore, the conductive electrode 43 can further realize the electrical connection between the first battery component 20 and the second battery component 30 on the side of the adhesive conductive film 42 facing away from the substrate 10, thereby improving the carrier mobility between the first battery component 20 and the second battery component 30. Moreover, at this time, the shape of the conductive electrode 43 is adapted to the contour shape of the side of the second battery component 30 facing the substrate 10 and the side of the adhesive conductive film 42 facing away from the substrate 10, that is, the cross-sectional shape of the conductive electrode 43 in the direction parallel to the substrate 10 can be approximately wavy, thereby increasing the contact area between the conductive electrode 43 and the second battery component 30, reducing the conductivity between the conductive electrode 43 and the second battery component 30, and further improving the carrier migration efficiency.

[0158] It should be noted that, when the conductive electrode 43 is located on the side of the adhesive conductive film 42 facing away from the substrate 10, the conductive electrode 43 can form a plurality of fourth protrusions and a plurality of third recesses, and the orthographic projections of each first protrusion 32, each third protrusion 422 and each third recess on the substrate 10 overlap one by one, that is, each first protrusion 32 on the side of the second battery component 30 facing the substrate 10 and each third protrusion 422 on the side of the adhesive conductive film 42 facing away from the substrate 10 are respectively located in each third recess of the conductive electrode 43, and the orthographic projections of each fourth protrusion, each first recess 35 and each second recess 423 on the substrate 10 overlap one by one, that is, each fourth protrusion of the conductive electrode 43 is located in the first recess 35 of the second battery component 30 and the second recess 423 on the side of the adhesive conductive film 42 facing away from the substrate 10.

[0159] Please continue reading Figure 8 Preferably, the conductive electrode 43 is located on the side of the adhesive conductive film 42 facing the substrate 10, and the distance H1 from the end of the third protrusion 422 away from the substrate 10 to the side of the conductive layer 40 facing the substrate 10 is greater than the height H2 of the first protrusion 32 along the thickness direction of the substrate 10, so as to prevent the first protrusion 32 from passing through the conductive layer 40 and prevent the first protrusion 32 from affecting the film quality of the conductive layer 40 facing the substrate 10. Alternatively, please refer to Figure 6 The conductive electrode 43 is located on the side of the adhesive conductive film 42 facing away from the substrate 10, and the distance H3 from the end of the third protrusion 422 away from the substrate 10 to the side of the adhesive conductive film 42 facing the substrate 10 is greater than the height H2 of the first protrusion 32 along the thickness direction of the substrate 10, so as to avoid the first protrusion 32 passing through the adhesive conductive film 42 and avoiding the first protrusion 32 affecting the film layer quality of the adhesive conductive film 42 facing the substrate 10.

[0160] In some embodiments, the material of the substrate 10 includes a light-transmitting material, so that external light can be incident from the substrate 10 into the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30 for photoelectric conversion.

[0161] Preferably, the transmittance of the first cell assembly 20 is greater than the transmittance of the second cell assembly 30. Therefore, after the external light passing through the substrate 10 is photoelectrically converted at the first cell assembly 20, it can pass through the first cell assembly 20 and be incident on the second cell assembly 30 to be photoelectrically converted again, thereby making full use of the energy in the light and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0162] In some embodiments, at least two second battery assemblies 30 are provided on the side of the same first battery assembly 20 facing away from the substrate 10. Compared with a one-to-one arrangement of the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30, this is beneficial to increasing the area of ​​the first battery assembly 20 and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the first battery assembly 20. At the same time, it can also reduce the difficulty of preparing solar cells and improve the production efficiency of solar cells.

[0163] It is understandable that, since the first battery assembly 20 includes a perovskite material, the first battery assembly 20 can be easily prepared in a large area, so that at least two second battery assemblies 30 are located on one side of the same first battery assembly 20 .

[0164] Preferably, when at least two second battery assemblies 30 are provided on the side of the same first battery assembly 20 facing away from the substrate 10, the adhesive conductive film 42 may include a plurality of sub-conductive films 421, and the orthographic projection of each sub-conductive film 421 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of each second battery assembly 30 on the substrate 10. Therefore, when preparing the adhesive conductive film 42, a sub-conductive film 421 may be formed on one side of each second battery assembly 30, so that each sub-conductive film 421 is arranged one-to-one with each second battery assembly 30, thereby reducing carrier crosstalk between different second battery assemblies 30. Similarly, when at least two second battery assemblies 30 are provided on the side of the same first battery assembly 20 facing away from the substrate 10, the conductive electrode 43 includes a plurality of conductive portions 431, and the orthographic projection of each conductive portion 431 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of each second battery assembly 30 on the substrate 10. Therefore, when preparing the conductive electrode 43, a conductive portion 431 can be formed on one side of each second battery assembly 30, so that each conductive portion 431 is arranged in one-to-one correspondence with each second battery assembly 30, so that carriers can be transferred between the first battery assembly 20 and the corresponding second battery assembly 30 through the conductive portion 431, thereby reducing carrier crosstalk between each second battery assembly 30.

[0165] See also Fig.14In some embodiments, the first battery component 20 includes a first functional layer 22 and a first electrode 21 disposed on the side of the first functional layer 22 facing the substrate 10, and the second battery component 30 includes a second functional layer 34 and a second electrode 31 disposed on the side of the second functional layer 34 away from the substrate 10. The first functional layer 22 and the second functional layer 34 are electrically connected to each other. Therefore, when light is irradiated into the first battery component 20 and the second battery component 30, the first functional layer 22 and the second functional layer 34 can respectively generate electron-hole pairs. Under the action of an external electric field, electrons and holes can respectively move toward the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 31, thereby generating current.

[0166] It should be noted that when the second battery assembly 30 includes a second functional layer 34 and a second electrode 31, the side of the second functional layer 34 facing away from the substrate 10 can form a plurality of fifth protrusions and a plurality of fourth recesses alternately distributed along a direction parallel to the substrate 10. Correspondingly, the second electrode 31 is located on the side of the second functional layer 34 facing away from the substrate 10, and its shape is adapted to the contour shape of the side of the second functional layer 34 facing away from the substrate 10, that is, the second electrode 31 can form a plurality of second protrusions 33 and a plurality of fifth recesses alternately distributed along a direction parallel to the substrate 10, wherein each fifth protrusion is located in each fifth recess, and each second protrusion 33 is located in the fourth recess.

[0167] Please continue reading Fig.14 Preferably, the solar cell further comprises a conductive layer 40, the conductive layer 40 is located between the first functional layer 22 and the second functional layer 34, the first functional layer 22 and the second functional layer 34 are electrically connected through the conductive layer 40, so that the conductive layer 40 can provide a migration channel for the electrons and holes generated in the first functional layer 22 and the second functional layer 34, so as to improve the mobility of the electrons and holes. It should be noted that the conductive layer 40 may include an adhesive conductive film 42 and a conductive electrode 43, which can provide a migration channel for the electrons and holes generated in the first functional layer 22 and the second functional layer 34 while achieving the bonding and fixing of the first functional layer 22 and the second functional layer 34.

[0168] Preferably, the first battery assembly 20 also includes a first lead-out wire, and the first electrode 21 is led out through the first lead-out wire. The second battery assembly 30 also includes a second lead-out wire, and the second electrode 31 of each second battery assembly 30 is led out through the corresponding second lead-out wire, so that the solar cell formed by the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30 is a two-terminal stacked battery, which can reduce the packaging cost of the solar cell.

[0169] It should be noted that when there are multiple second battery assemblies 30 , each second battery assembly 30 includes a second lead-out line, and the second lead-out line and the corresponding second electrode 31 in the same second battery assembly 30 are electrically connected to realize electrode lead-out of multiple second battery assemblies 30 .

[0170] Please continue reading Fig.14 Preferably, the first functional layer 22 includes a first transmission layer 221, a first perovskite active layer 222 and a second transmission layer 223. The first transmission layer 221, the first perovskite active layer 222 and the second transmission layer 223 are stacked in sequence in a direction away from the substrate 10. The first perovskite active layer 222 can efficiently absorb energy in light after being irradiated by light and generate electron-hole pairs. The first transmission layer 221 and the second transmission layer 223 can accelerate the migration speed of electrons and holes and improve the mobility of electrons and holes, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the first battery component 20.

[0171] Alternatively, see Fig.15 The first functional layer 22 includes a first transmission layer 221, a first perovskite active layer 222, a second perovskite active layer 224 and a second transmission layer 223. The first transmission layer 221, the first perovskite active layer 222, the second perovskite active layer 224 and the second transmission layer 223 are stacked in sequence in a direction away from the substrate 10. When irradiated with light, the first perovskite active layer 222 and the second perovskite active layer 224 can absorb energy in the light in sequence to more fully utilize the light incident on the solar cell and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0172] Alternatively, the first functional layer 22 includes a first transmission layer 221, a first perovskite active layer 222 and a second transmission layer 223 which are stacked in sequence in a direction away from the substrate 10. The number of first battery components 20 is two, and the two second battery components 30 are stacked in sequence in a direction away from the substrate 10. When exposed to light, the first perovskite active layers 222 in the two second battery components 30 can absorb energy in the light in sequence to more fully utilize the light incident on the solar cell and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0173] It should be noted that when the first functional layer 22 includes a first perovskite active layer 222 or includes a first perovskite active layer 222 and a second perovskite active layer 224, the perovskite material can make the first functional layer 22 in a light-transmitting state, so that light incident from the substrate 10 can pass through the first battery assembly 20 and irradiate the second battery assembly 30.

[0174] Preferably, the material of the first perovskite active layer 222 includes an inorganic perovskite material or an organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite material, so that the material of the first perovskite active layer 222 is reasonably arranged to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0175] Preferably, the material of the second perovskite active layer 224 includes an inorganic perovskite material or an organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite material, so that the material of the second perovskite active layer 224 can be reasonably arranged to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0176] Preferably, the material of the second functional layer 34 includes crystalline silicon material, so that the second battery assembly 30 is a crystalline silicon battery assembly, which can efficiently and stably absorb energy in light.

[0177] Preferably, the second cell assembly 30 is any one of a PERC cell, a TOPCon cell, and a HJT cell, so that the second cell assembly 30 can absorb energy from light efficiently and stably.

[0178] Preferably, the first battery assembly 20 is arranged in a whole layer, and each second battery assembly 30 is arranged on the side of the first battery assembly 20 away from the substrate 10, so as to further increase the area of ​​the first battery assembly 20 and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the first battery assembly 20.

[0179] See also Figure 2-Figure 14 In some embodiments, the solar cell further includes a packaging component 50, which includes a cover plate 51, and the cover plate 51 is arranged on the side of the second battery component 30 away from the substrate 10, so that the first battery component 20 and the second battery component 30 can be packaged through the cover plate 51, reducing the impact of impurities such as water and oxygen on the first battery component 20 and the second battery component 30, improving the sealing of the solar cell, and thereby improving the service life of the first battery component 20 and the second battery component 30.

[0180] Optionally, the material of the cover plate 51 may include a light-transmitting material, so that external light can pass through the cover plate 51 and propagate toward the second battery assembly 30 to further improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the second battery assembly 30. It is understandable that when the second battery assembly 30 is formed with a second convex portion 33 on the side away from the substrate 10, the provision of the second convex portion 33 can reduce the reflection of light incident from the cover plate 51 on the surface of the second battery assembly 30 on the side away from the substrate 10.

[0181] Please continue reading Figure 2-Figure 14 Preferably, the packaging assembly 50 further includes a packaging adhesive layer 52 , and the packaging adhesive layer 52 is disposed between the cover plate 51 and the second battery assembly 30 to further package the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30 .

[0182] It should be noted that when a second protrusion 33 is formed on the side of the second battery assembly 30 facing away from the substrate 10, the second protrusion 33 can be embedded in the side of the encapsulation glue layer 52 facing the substrate 10, that is, the side of the encapsulation glue layer 52 facing the substrate 10 can form a plurality of sixth protrusions and a plurality of sixth recesses alternately distributed in a direction parallel to the substrate 10, each second protrusion 33 is located in each sixth recess, and each sixth protrusion is located in the fifth recess of the second battery assembly 30, so as to increase the contact area between the two and improve the packaging effect.

[0183] See also Fig.16 In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing a solar cell, comprising:

[0184] S10, forming a first battery assembly 20. Specifically, the first electrode 21 and the first functional layer 22 can be prepared in sequence to form the first battery assembly 20. The number of first battery assemblies 20 can be one or more, and this embodiment does not limit this. In the embodiment of the present application, by directly preparing the first battery assembly 20, compared to forming the first battery assembly 20 on one side of multiple second battery assemblies 30, the production area of ​​the first battery assembly 20 does not need to be restricted by the size of the second battery assembly 30, that is, the first battery assembly 20 can be prepared over a large area to increase the area of ​​the first battery assembly 20.

[0185] S20 , forming a second battery assembly 30 . The second battery assembly 30 and the first battery assembly 20 are prepared separately. The second battery assembly 30 can be prepared at the same time as the first battery assembly 20 , or can be prepared before the first battery assembly 20 .

[0186] S30 , transferring the second battery assembly 30 to one side of the first battery assembly 20 , and electrically connecting the second battery assembly 30 to the first battery assembly 20 .

[0187] In these embodiments, the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30 are prepared separately. After the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30 are formed, the formed second battery assembly 30 is transferred to one side of the first battery assembly 20 so that the second battery assembly 30 is electrically connected to the first battery assembly 20. Therefore, the first battery assembly 20 can be prepared on a large area. Compared with preparing the first battery assembly 20 on one side of the second battery assembly 30, the production area of ​​the first battery assembly 20 does not need to be restricted by the area of ​​the second battery assembly 30, which is beneficial to improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell. At the same time, it can also reduce the difficulty of preparing the first battery assembly 20, improve production efficiency and reduce costs.

[0188] See also Fig.17 In some embodiments, the step of forming the first battery assembly 20 includes:

[0189] A first battery assembly 20 is formed on a substrate 10 , and the first battery assembly 20 includes a perovskite material. A first electrode 21 and a first functional layer 22 may be sequentially prepared on one side of the substrate 10 to form the first battery assembly 20 .

[0190] The step of transferring the second battery assembly 30 to one side of the first battery assembly 20 includes:

[0191] At least one second battery component 30 is transferred to a side of the first battery component 20 facing away from the substrate 10 , and the orthographic projection of the second battery component 30 on the substrate 10 is located within the orthographic projection of the first battery component 20 on the substrate 10 .

[0192] In these embodiments, by preparing the first battery assembly 20 including the perovskite material on a large area on one side of the substrate 10, the production area of ​​the first battery assembly 20 is not limited by the size of the second battery assembly 30, which is beneficial to improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0193] See also Fig.18 In some embodiments, before the step of transferring the second battery assembly 30 to the side of the first battery assembly 20 away from the substrate 10, the method further includes:

[0194] S40, forming a conductive layer 40. The conductive layer 40 may be formed on the side of the first battery assembly 20 away from the substrate 10, or may be formed on one side of each second battery assembly 30, or may be partially formed on the side of the first battery assembly 20 away from the substrate 10, and the remaining portion of the conductive layer 40 may be formed on one side of each second battery assembly 30, which is not limited in this embodiment.

[0195] In the step of transferring the second battery assembly 30 to the side of the first battery assembly 20 facing away from the substrate 10, the conductive layer 40 is located between the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30, the surface of the conductive layer 40 facing the substrate 10 is bonded to the surface of the first battery assembly 20 facing away from the substrate 10, and the surface of the conductive layer 40 facing away from the substrate 10 is bonded to the surface of the second battery assembly 30 facing the substrate 10, and the first battery assembly 20 is electrically connected to the second battery assembly 30 through the conductive layer 40.

[0196] In these embodiments, a conductive layer 40 is formed on the side of the first battery assembly 20 facing away from the substrate 10 and / or on the side of each second battery assembly 30, and then the second battery assembly 30 is transferred to the side of the first battery assembly 20 facing away from the substrate 10, so that the conductive layer 40 is located between the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30, so that electrical connection between the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30 can be achieved through the conductive layer 40 to improve the mobility of electrons and holes between the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30.

[0197] Preferably, the step of forming the conductive layer 40 includes:

[0198] An adhesive conductive film 42 and / or a conductive electrode 43 are formed to obtain a conductive layer 40. The adhesive conductive film 42 can bond the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30 while conducting the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30, thereby improving the stability of the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30 and providing a migration channel for the electrons and holes generated in the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30. The provision of the conductive electrode 43 can reduce the resistivity of the conductive layer 40, thereby improving the migration efficiency of the electrons and holes generated in the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30.

[0199] In some embodiments, the step of forming the conductive layer 40 includes:

[0200] A conductive layer 40 is formed on a side of the first battery component 20 facing away from the substrate 10, and the orthographic projection of the conductive layer 40 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first battery component 20 on the substrate 10; or,

[0201] A sub-portion 41 is formed on one side of each second battery assembly 30 , and the orthographic projection of each sub-portion 41 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of each second battery assembly 30 on the substrate 10 , and the plurality of sub-portions 41 form a conductive layer 40 .

[0202] In these embodiments, when the conductive layer 40 is formed on the side of the first battery assembly 20 facing away from the substrate 10, the conductive layer 40 can be arranged as a whole layer on the side of the first battery assembly 20 facing away from the substrate 10, so that its orthographic projection on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first battery assembly 20 on the substrate 10, thereby increasing the area of ​​the conductive layer 40, improving the resistivity of the conductive layer 40, and improving the migration efficiency of electrons and holes generated in the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30. Alternatively, when the sub-sections 41 are formed on one side of each second battery assembly 30, each sub-section 41 corresponding to each second battery assembly 30 can constitute the conductive layer 40, and each second battery assembly 30 can be connected to the first battery assembly 20 through each sub-section 41, thereby reducing the carrier crosstalk between each second battery assembly 30.

[0203] It should be noted that the step of forming the conductive layer 40 on the side of the first battery assembly 20 away from the substrate 10, and overlapping the orthographic projection of the conductive layer 40 on the substrate 10 with the orthographic projection of the first battery assembly 20 on the substrate 10 may include:

[0204] An adhesive conductive film 42 is formed on the side of the first battery assembly 20 facing away from the substrate 10, and the orthographic projection of the adhesive conductive film 42 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first battery assembly 20 on the substrate 10, such as Figure 4 shown.

[0205] Alternatively, the step of forming the conductive layer 40 on the side of the first battery assembly 20 facing away from the substrate 10, and overlapping the orthographic projection of the conductive layer 40 on the substrate 10 with the orthographic projection of the first battery assembly 20 on the substrate 10 may include:

[0206] A conductive electrode 43 is formed on a side of the first battery component 20 facing away from the substrate 10 , and an orthographic projection of the conductive electrode 43 on the substrate 10 overlaps with an orthographic projection of the first battery component 20 on the substrate 10 .

[0207] Alternatively, the step of forming the conductive layer 40 on the side of the first battery assembly 20 facing away from the substrate 10, and overlapping the orthographic projection of the conductive layer 40 on the substrate 10 with the orthographic projection of the first battery assembly 20 on the substrate 10 may include:

[0208] A conductive electrode 43 and an adhesive conductive film 42 are formed on the side of the first battery component 20 away from the substrate 10, and the orthographic projections of the conductive electrode 43 and the adhesive conductive film 42 on the substrate 10 overlap with the orthographic projections of the first battery component 20 on the substrate 10, as shown in FIG. Figure 6 and Figure 8 shown.

[0209] In some embodiments, the step of forming the conductive layer 40 includes:

[0210] A sub-conductive film 421 is formed on one side of each second battery assembly 30, and the orthographic projection of the sub-conductive film 421 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the corresponding second battery assembly 30 on the substrate 10. The plurality of sub-conductive films 421 form a Figure 5 An adhesive conductive film 42 is shown.

[0211] And / or, the step of forming the conductive layer 40 includes:

[0212] A conductive portion 431 is formed on one side of each second battery assembly 30, and the orthographic projection of the conductive portion 431 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the corresponding second battery assembly 30 on the substrate 10, and the plurality of conductive portions 431 form a conductive electrode 43. It should be noted that when the sub-conductive film 421 and the conductive portion 431 are simultaneously formed on one side of each second battery assembly 30, the adhesive conductive film 42 can be as follows: Fig. 9 As shown, the conductive electrode 43 is located on the side away from the substrate 10. At this time, during the preparation process of the conductive layer 40, a sub-conductive film 421 can be first formed on one side of each second battery component 30, and then a conductive portion 431 can be formed on the side of each sub-conductive film 421 away from the second battery component 30. The material of the adhesive conductive film 42 can have a certain degree of softness and fluidity. Therefore, the shape of the adhesive conductive film 42 facing the second battery component 30 can be adapted to the shape of the second battery component 30 facing the adhesive conductive film 42. Alternatively, the adhesive conductive film 42 can also be as Fig.10As shown, the conductive electrode 43 is located on the side away from the second battery assembly 30, that is, the conductive electrode 43 is located between the adhesive conductive film 42 and the second battery assembly 30. At this time, in the preparation process of the conductive layer 40, a conductive portion 431 can be first formed on one side of each second battery assembly 30 by deposition or other processes, and then a sub-conductive film 421 is formed on the side of each conductive portion 431 away from the second battery assembly 30. The material of the conductive electrode 43 can have a certain hardness, and the material of the adhesive conductive film 42 can have a certain softness and fluidity. Therefore, in the preparation process of the conductive portion 431 and the sub-conductive film 421, the conductive portion 431 can be prepared by the deposition process so that the shape of the conductive portion 431 is adapted to the contour shape of the corresponding second battery assembly 30 facing the conductive portion 431, and then the contour shape of the sub-conductive film 421 facing the conductive portion 431 is adapted to the contour shape of the corresponding second battery assembly 30 facing the conductive portion 431.

[0213] In these embodiments, by forming a sub-conductive film 421 on one side of each second battery assembly 30, the orthographic projection of the sub-conductive film 421 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the corresponding second battery assembly 30 on the substrate 10, that is, each sub-conductive film 421 is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with each second battery assembly 30, so that the adhesive conductive film 42 can include multiple sub-conductive films 421 without patterning the adhesive conductive film 42 through an additional process, so as to simplify the preparation process of the adhesive conductive film 42, reduce the preparation difficulty, and improve the preparation efficiency. When the second battery assembly 30 is transferred to one side of the first battery assembly 20, each sub-conductive film 421 can be located between the first battery assembly 20 and the corresponding second battery assembly 30 to reduce carrier crosstalk between different second battery assemblies 30. Similarly, by forming a conductive portion 431 on one side of each second battery assembly 30, the orthographic projection of the conductive portion 431 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the corresponding second battery assembly 30 on the substrate 10, that is, each conductive portion 431 is arranged one-to-one with each second battery assembly 30, so that the conductive electrode 43 can include multiple conductive portions 431 without patterning the conductive electrode 43 through an additional process, so as to simplify the preparation process of the conductive electrode 43, reduce the preparation difficulty, and improve the preparation efficiency. When the second battery assembly 30 is transferred to one side of the first battery assembly 20, each conductive portion 431 can be located between the first battery assembly 20 and the corresponding second battery assembly 30 to reduce carrier crosstalk between different second battery assemblies 30.

[0214] In some embodiments, the step of forming the conductive layer 40 includes:

[0215] An adhesive conductive film 42 is formed on the side of the first battery assembly 20 facing away from the substrate 10, and the orthographic projection of the adhesive conductive film 42 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first battery assembly 20 on the substrate 10. It should be clear that the adhesive conductive film 42 can be formed by coating, inkjet printing and other processes, which is not limited in this embodiment.

[0216] A conductive portion 431 is formed on one side of each second battery assembly 30 , and the orthographic projection of each conductive portion 431 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of each second battery assembly 30 on the substrate 10 . The plurality of conductive portions 431 form a conductive electrode 43 .

[0217] Alternatively, the step of forming the conductive layer 40 includes:

[0218] A conductive electrode 43 is formed on a side of the first battery component 20 facing away from the substrate 10 , and an orthographic projection of the conductive electrode 43 on the substrate 10 overlaps with an orthographic projection of the first battery component 20 on the substrate 10 .

[0219] A sub-conductive film 421 is formed on one side of each second battery assembly 30 , and the orthographic projection of each sub-conductive film 421 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of each second battery assembly 30 on the substrate 10 , and a plurality of sub-conductive films 421 form an adhesive conductive film 42 .

[0220] In these embodiments, an adhesive conductive film 42 is formed on the side of the first battery assembly 20 facing away from the substrate 10, and the orthographic projection of the adhesive conductive film 42 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first battery assembly 20 on the substrate 10, that is, the adhesive conductive film 42 is arranged in a whole layer on the side of the first battery assembly 20 facing away from the substrate 10. At the same time, a conductive portion 431 is formed on one side of each second battery assembly 30, and the orthographic projection of each conductive portion 431 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of each second battery assembly 30 on the substrate 10. The plurality of conductive portions 431 form a conductive electrode 43, so that each conductive portion 431 is arranged one-to-one with each second battery assembly 30, thereby forming a structure as shown in FIG. Figure 7The conductive layer 40 shown can, on the one hand, increase the area of ​​the adhesive conductive film 42, improve the bonding reliability of the adhesive conductive film 42 to the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30, and reduce the resistivity of the adhesive conductive film 42 to improve the carrier mobility. On the other hand, by transferring carriers between the first battery assembly 20 and the corresponding second battery assembly 30 through the conductive part 431, the carrier crosstalk between the second battery assemblies 30 can be reduced. Alternatively, a conductive electrode 43 may be formed on the side of the first battery component 20 facing away from the substrate 10, and the orthographic projection of the conductive electrode 43 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first battery component 20 on the substrate 10, so that the conductive electrode 43 is arranged in a whole layer on the side of the first battery component 20 facing away from the substrate 10. At the same time, a sub-conductive film 421 is formed on one side of each second battery component 30, and the orthographic projection of each sub-conductive film 421 on the substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of each second battery component 30 on the substrate 10. A plurality of sub-conductive films 421 form an adhesive conductive film 42, so that each sub-conductive film 421 is arranged one-to-one with each second battery component 30, forming a structure as shown in FIG. Fig. 9 The conductive layer 40 shown can, on the one hand, increase the area of ​​the conductive electrode 43 and reduce the resistivity of the conductive electrode 43, thereby improving the carrier mobility; on the other hand, it can also reduce the carrier crosstalk between different second battery components 30.

[0221] See also Fig.19 In some embodiments, after the step of transferring the second battery assembly 30 to one side of the first battery assembly 20, the method further includes:

[0222] S50 , forming a packaging assembly 50 on a side of the second battery assembly 30 facing away from the first battery assembly 20 .

[0223] In these embodiments, after the second battery assembly 30 is transferred to one side of the first battery assembly 20, a packaging assembly 50 is formed on the side of the second battery assembly 30 away from the first battery assembly 20, so as to package the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30 through the packaging assembly 50, reduce the impact of impurities such as water and oxygen on the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30, and improve the service life of the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30.

[0224] Preferably, the step of forming the packaging assembly 50 on the side of the second battery assembly 30 away from the first battery assembly 20 includes:

[0225] A packaging adhesive layer 52 is formed on a side of the second battery assembly 30 facing away from the first battery assembly 20 .

[0226] A cover plate 51 is formed on a side of the packaging adhesive layer 52 facing away from the first battery assembly 20 .

[0227] In these embodiments, after the second battery assembly 30 is transferred to one side of the first battery assembly 20, a packaging adhesive layer 52 is formed on the side of the second battery assembly 30 facing away from the first battery assembly 20, and then a cover plate 51 is formed on the side of the packaging adhesive layer 52 facing away from the first battery assembly 20, so that the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30 are packaged together by the packaging adhesive layer 52 and the cover plate 51, thereby improving the packaging reliability.

[0228] Preferably, the step of transferring the second battery assembly 30 to one side of the first battery assembly 20 includes:

[0229] Transferring at least two second battery assemblies 30 to one side of the same first battery assembly 20;

[0230] The step of forming the encapsulation adhesive layer 52 on the side of the second battery assembly 30 away from the first battery assembly 20 also includes:

[0231] The packaging glue layer 52 is also filled in the gap between two adjacent second battery components 30 .

[0232] In these embodiments, when at least two second battery assemblies 30 are transferred to one side of the same first battery assembly 20, there may be a gap between two adjacent second battery assemblies 30. Therefore, in the process of forming the encapsulation adhesive layer 52 on the side of the second battery assembly 30 facing away from the first battery assembly 20, the encapsulation adhesive layer 52 is filled in the gap between the two adjacent second battery assemblies 30, so that the two adjacent second battery assemblies 30 can be insulated from each other, so that each second battery assembly 30 can independently perform photoelectric conversion to reduce crosstalk.

[0233] Please continue reading Fig.19 Preferably, after the step of forming the packaging assembly 50 on the side of the second battery assembly 30 away from the first battery assembly 20, the method further includes:

[0234] S60 , pressing the packaging assembly 50 in a direction close to the first battery assembly 20 .

[0235] In these embodiments, after the packaging assembly 50 is formed on the side of the second battery assembly 30 facing away from the first battery assembly 20, the packaging assembly 50 is pressed toward the first battery assembly 20 through a lamination process, which can improve the structural compactness of the solar cell and reduce the sealing gap on the side of the packaging assembly 50 toward the first battery assembly 20, thereby improving the sealing effect.

[0236] Preferably, after the step of transferring the second battery assembly 30 to one side of the first battery assembly 20, the step further includes:

[0237] The first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30 are pre-compressed.

[0238] In these embodiments, since the second battery assembly 30 is bonded to the first battery assembly 20, after the second battery assembly 30 is transferred to one side of the first battery assembly 20, the first battery assembly 20 and the second battery assembly 30 are pre-pressed, which can improve the bonding reliability between the first battery assembly 20 and the corresponding second battery assembly 30, reduce the risk of the second battery assembly 30 moving in the subsequent process, and improve the assembly accuracy of the second battery assembly 30.

[0239] Although the embodiments disclosed in this application are as above, the contents described are only embodiments adopted for facilitating the understanding of this application and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any technician in the technical field to which this application belongs can make any modifications and changes in the form and details of implementation without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed in this application, but the scope of protection of this application shall still be subject to the scope defined in the attached claims.

[0240] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application. Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and simplicity of description, the replacement of other connection methods described above can refer to the corresponding process in the aforementioned method embodiment, and will not be repeated here. It should be understood that the protection scope of the present application is not limited to this. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of various equivalent modifications or replacements within the technical scope disclosed in this application, and these modifications or replacements should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A solar cell, characterized in that: include: substrate; A first battery component, located on the substrate and comprising a perovskite material; A second battery component, at least one of which is located on a side of the first battery component away from the substrate, and an orthographic projection of the second battery component on the substrate is located within an orthographic projection of the first battery component on the substrate.

2. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that The solar cell further comprises a conductive layer located between the first cell assembly and the second cell assembly, the surface of the conductive layer facing the substrate is bonded to the surface of the first cell assembly away from the substrate, the surface of the conductive layer away from the substrate is bonded to the surface of the second cell assembly facing the substrate, and the first cell assembly is electrically connected to the second cell assembly via the conductive layer; Preferably, the orthographic projection of the conductive layer on the substrate and the orthographic projection of the first battery assembly on the substrate at least partially overlap; Preferably, the material of the conductive layer includes a light-transmitting material; Preferably, the first battery assembly is used to absorb the first light, and the second battery assembly is used to absorb the second light; the first battery assembly is arranged closer to the light incident side relative to the second battery assembly, and the conductive layer is configured to allow the second light to pass through and reflect the first light; Preferably, the second battery assembly and the first battery assembly are bonded to each other.

3. The solar cell according to claim 2, characterized in that: The orthographic projection of the conductive layer on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first battery component on the substrate; or, The conductive layer includes a plurality of sub-portions, the orthographic projection of each sub-portion on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of each second battery component on the substrate, and the orthographic projection of each sub-portion on the substrate is located within the orthographic projection of the first battery component on the substrate.

4. The solar cell according to claim 2, characterized in that: The conductive layer includes an adhesive conductive film, and the second battery assembly is bonded and electrically connected to the first battery assembly through the adhesive conductive film; Preferably, the material for bonding the conductive film comprises a glue material, and the glue material comprises at least one of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene monomer) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonic acid; Preferably, the orthographic projection of the adhesive conductive film on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first battery assembly on the substrate; or, the adhesive conductive film comprises a plurality of sub-conductive films, and the orthographic projection of each of the sub-conductive films on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of each of the second battery assemblies on the substrate; Preferably, the adhesive conductive film comprises a plurality of sub-conductive films, the orthographic projection of each of the sub-conductive films on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of each of the second battery components on the substrate, a first spacing region is formed between two adjacent second battery components, a second spacing region is formed between two adjacent sub-conductive films, and the orthographic projection of the first spacing region on the substrate overlaps at least partially with the orthographic projection of the corresponding second spacing region on the substrate; Preferably, the orthographic projection of the first spacing area on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the corresponding second spacing area on the substrate; Preferably, two adjacent second battery assemblies are insulated from each other.

5. The solar cell according to claim 2 or 4, characterized in that: The conductive layer includes a conductive electrode, the conductive electrode is located between the first battery assembly and the second battery assembly, and the first battery assembly is electrically connected to the second battery assembly through the conductive electrode; Preferably, the material of the conductive electrode comprises a light-transmitting material; Preferably, the material of the conductive electrode includes at least one of indium tin oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, and tungsten-doped indium oxide; Preferably, the orthographic projection of the conductive electrode on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first battery component on the substrate; Alternatively, the conductive electrode includes a plurality of conductive parts, and the orthographic projection of each of the conductive parts on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of each of the second battery components on the substrate; Preferably, the conductive electrode comprises a plurality of conductive portions, the orthographic projection of each conductive portion on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of each second battery assembly on the substrate, a first spacing region is formed between two adjacent second battery assemblies, a third spacing region is formed between two adjacent conductive portions, and the orthographic projection of the first spacing region on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the corresponding third spacing region on the substrate at least partially; Preferably, the orthographic projection of the first spacing area on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the corresponding third spacing area on the substrate; Preferably, the conductive layer further comprises an adhesive conductive film, the adhesive conductive film is stacked between the first battery assembly and the second battery assembly, and the conductive electrode is located on a side of the adhesive conductive film facing the substrate or a side away from the substrate; Preferably, the adhesive conductive film comprises a plurality of sub-conductive films, the orthographic projection of each of the sub-conductive films on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of each of the second battery components on the substrate, a second spacing region is formed between two adjacent sub-conductive films, and the orthographic projection of the second spacing region on the substrate at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the corresponding third spacing region on the substrate; Preferably, an orthographic projection of the second spacing area on the substrate overlaps with an orthographic projection of the corresponding third spacing area on the substrate.

6. The solar cell according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: A plurality of first protrusions arranged side by side are formed on a side of the second battery assembly facing the substrate; and / or, A plurality of second protrusions arranged side by side are formed on a side of the second battery assembly facing away from the substrate; Preferably, a cross section of the first protrusion in a direction parallel to the substrate gradually decreases in a direction close to the substrate; Preferably, a cross section of the second protrusion in a direction parallel to the substrate gradually decreases in a direction away from the substrate; Preferably, a plurality of first recesses are formed on a side of the second battery assembly facing the substrate, the first recesses are located between two adjacent first protrusions, the conductive layer comprises an adhesive conductive film, a plurality of third protrusions and a plurality of second recesses are formed on a side of the adhesive conductive film facing away from the substrate, the orthographic projection of each of the third protrusions on the substrate corresponds one-to-one with the orthographic projection of each of the first recesses on the substrate and at least partially overlaps, and the orthographic projection of each of the first protrusions on the substrate corresponds one-to-one with the orthographic projection of each of the second recesses on the substrate and at least partially overlaps; Preferably, the conductive layer further comprises a conductive electrode, and the conductive electrode is located on a side of the adhesive conductive film facing the substrate; or, the conductive electrode is located on a side of the adhesive conductive film facing away from the substrate, and the shape of the conductive electrode is adapted to the contour shape of a side of the second battery assembly facing the substrate and a side of the adhesive conductive film facing away from the substrate; Preferably, the conductive electrode is located on a side of the adhesive conductive film facing the substrate, and a distance H1 from an end of the third protrusion away from the substrate to a side of the conductive layer facing the substrate is greater than a height H2 of the first protrusion along the thickness direction of the substrate; or, The conductive electrode is located on a side of the adhesive conductive film away from the substrate, and a distance H3 from an end of the third protrusion away from the substrate to a side of the adhesive conductive film facing the substrate is greater than a height H2 of the first protrusion along the thickness direction of the substrate.

7. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The material of the substrate includes a light-transmitting material; Preferably, the light transmittance of the first battery assembly is greater than the light transmittance of the second battery assembly.

8. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: At least two of the second battery assemblies are provided on a side of the same first battery assembly facing away from the substrate; Preferably, the first battery assembly includes a first functional layer and a first electrode disposed on a side of the first functional layer facing the substrate, and the second battery assembly includes a second functional layer and a second electrode disposed on a side of the second functional layer facing away from the substrate, and the first functional layer and the second functional layer are electrically connected to each other; Preferably, the solar cell further comprises a conductive layer, wherein the conductive layer is located between the first functional layer and the second functional layer, and the first functional layer and the second functional layer are electrically connected via the conductive layer; Preferably, the first battery assembly further includes a first lead-out wire, the first electrode is led out through the first lead-out wire, and the second battery assembly further includes a second lead-out wire, the second electrode of each second battery assembly is led out through the corresponding second lead-out wire; Preferably, the first functional layer comprises a first transmission layer, a first perovskite active layer and a second transmission layer, and the first transmission layer, the first perovskite active layer and the second transmission layer are sequentially stacked in a direction away from the substrate; or, The first functional layer includes a first transmission layer, a first perovskite active layer, a second perovskite active layer, and a second transmission layer, wherein the first transmission layer, the first perovskite active layer, the second perovskite active layer, and the second transmission layer are sequentially stacked in a direction away from the substrate; or The first functional layer includes a first transmission layer, a first perovskite active layer, and a second transmission layer which are sequentially stacked in a direction away from the substrate, the number of the first battery components is two, and the two second battery components are sequentially stacked in a direction away from the substrate; Preferably, the material of the first perovskite active layer comprises an inorganic perovskite material or an organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite material; Preferably, the material of the second perovskite active layer includes an inorganic perovskite material or an organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite material; Preferably, the material of the second functional layer includes crystalline silicon material; Preferably, the second battery assembly is any one of a PERC battery, a TOPCon battery, and a HJT battery; Preferably, the first battery components are arranged in a whole layer, and each of the second battery components is arranged on a side of the first battery components away from the substrate.

9. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The solar cell further comprises a packaging assembly, wherein the packaging assembly comprises a cover plate, and the cover plate is arranged on a side of the second battery assembly away from the substrate; Preferably, the packaging assembly further comprises a packaging adhesive layer, and the packaging adhesive layer is arranged between the cover plate and the second battery assembly.

10. A method for preparing a solar cell, characterized in that: include: forming a first battery assembly; forming a second battery assembly; The second battery assembly is transferred to one side of the first battery assembly, and the second battery assembly is electrically connected to the first battery assembly.

11. The preparation method according to claim 10, characterized in that: The step of forming the first battery assembly includes: forming the first battery component on a substrate, the first battery component comprising a perovskite material; The step of transferring the second battery assembly to one side of the first battery assembly includes: At least one of the second battery components is transferred to a side of the first battery component facing away from the substrate, wherein the orthographic projection of the second battery component on the substrate is located within the orthographic projection of the first battery component on the substrate.

12. The preparation method according to claim 11, characterized in that: Before the step of transferring the second battery assembly to the side of the first battery assembly away from the substrate, the method further comprises: forming a conductive layer; In the step of transferring the second battery assembly to the side of the first battery assembly facing away from the substrate, the conductive layer is located between the first battery assembly and the second battery assembly, the surface of the conductive layer facing the substrate is in contact with the surface of the first battery assembly facing away from the substrate, the surface of the conductive layer facing away from the substrate is in contact with the surface of the second battery assembly facing the substrate, and the first battery assembly is electrically connected to the second battery assembly via the conductive layer; Preferably, the step of forming a conductive layer includes: An adhesive conductive film and / or a conductive electrode is formed to obtain the conductive layer.

13. The preparation method according to claim 12, characterized in that: The step of forming a conductive layer comprises: The conductive layer is formed on a side of the first battery component facing away from the substrate, and the orthographic projection of the conductive layer on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first battery component on the substrate; or, A sub-portion is formed on one side of each of the second battery components, the orthographic projection of each of the sub-portions on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of each of the second battery components on the substrate, and a plurality of the sub-portions form the conductive layer.

14. The preparation method according to claim 12, characterized in that: The step of forming a conductive layer comprises: A sub-conductive film is formed on one side of each second battery component, the orthographic projection of the sub-conductive film on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the corresponding second battery component on the substrate, and a plurality of the sub-conductive films form an adhesive conductive film; and / or, The step of forming a conductive layer comprises: A conductive portion is formed on one side of each of the second battery components, the orthographic projection of the conductive portion on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the corresponding second battery component on the substrate, and the plurality of conductive portions form a conductive electrode.

15. The preparation method according to claim 12, characterized in that: The step of forming a conductive layer comprises: forming the adhesive conductive film on a side of the first battery component away from the substrate, wherein the orthographic projection of the adhesive conductive film on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first battery component on the substrate; A conductive portion is formed on one side of each of the second battery components, the orthographic projection of each of the conductive portions on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of each of the second battery components on the substrate, and a plurality of the conductive portions form the conductive electrode; Alternatively, the step of forming a conductive layer includes: forming the conductive electrode on a side of the first battery component facing away from the substrate, wherein an orthographic projection of the conductive electrode on the substrate overlaps with an orthographic projection of the first battery component on the substrate; A sub-conductive film is formed on one side of each of the second battery components, the orthographic projection of each of the sub-conductive films on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of each of the second battery components on the substrate, and a plurality of the sub-conductive films form the adhesive conductive film.

16. The preparation method according to claim 10, characterized in that: After the step of transferring the second battery assembly to one side of the first battery assembly, the method further includes: forming a packaging assembly on a side of the second battery assembly facing away from the first battery assembly; Preferably, the step of forming a packaging assembly on a side of the second battery assembly facing away from the first battery assembly comprises: forming a packaging adhesive layer on a side of the second battery assembly facing away from the first battery assembly; forming a cover plate on a side of the packaging adhesive layer away from the first battery assembly; Preferably, the step of transferring the second battery assembly to one side of the first battery assembly includes: transferring at least two of the second battery assemblies to one side of the same first battery assembly; The step of forming a packaging adhesive layer on a side of the second battery assembly facing away from the first battery assembly further includes: The packaging glue layer is also filled in the gap between two adjacent second battery components; Preferably, after the step of forming a packaging assembly on a side of the second battery assembly facing away from the first battery assembly, the method further comprises: Pressing the packaging assembly in a direction close to the first battery assembly; Preferably, after the step of transferring the second battery assembly to one side of the first battery assembly, the method further comprises: The first battery assembly and the second battery assembly are pre-compressed.

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