Cultivation method of early-growth and early-yield passion fruits

Abstract

The method comprises the following steps: increasing the early-stage growth amount of the passion fruits and increasing the number of fruiting branches: cultivating high ridges on cultivated land, building a shed frame, planting large passion fruit seedlings on the high ridges, spraining the branches when the distance between the large passion fruit seedlings and the lower part of the shed frame is 30cm, leaving strong first-grade vines of the passion fruits to be tree-shaped, and planting the large passion fruit seedlings on the shed frame; before planting, base fertilizer application and soil preparation are carried out firstly, then mulching film covering is carried out to improve the soil temperature, and a rain shelter is built at the position 1 m above a shed frame to prevent the situation that the fruit setting rate is affected by rain wash; a light supplementing lamp is installed below the canopy; and reducing the temperature of the orchard and increasing the humidity: during water and fertilizer management, placing mist spray heads (5) at positions 50cm away from a shed frame in the farming furrows to increase the environment humidity of the orchard, and spraying for 10-15 minutes every day in sunny days. The method is beneficial to early yield of the passion fruits, and the first-season fruit yield reaches 1500 kg or above.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of passion fruit cultivation, and in particular to a method for cultivating passion fruit with early abundance and early yield. Background Art

[0002] Passion fruit is a herbaceous vine plant of the genus Passiflora in the family Passifloraceae. It is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Passion fruit is loved by consumers for its unique flavor and has become a rising star in fresh fruits.

[0003] Passion fruit has a short growth cycle (it can be harvested in 4-6 months). At present, passion fruit is planted using traditional trellises with poor lighting. Therefore, the passion fruit produced is small in size, the peel is prone to wrinkles and spots, the taste is sour, the quality is poor, and it is not conducive to picking, which seriously affects the yield and quality, and then affects the income. How to improve the yield and quality of passion fruit in the first half of the year is the key technology to be solved in cultivation. The flowering time of passion fruit in the first half of the year is from mid-May to mid-June, when high temperatures are prone to occur, especially in the peak flowering period. Affected by high temperatures, passion fruit will experience atrophy of the style and poor pollination, resulting in low fruit setting rate, which is the key reason for the low yield of passion fruit. For this reason, we designed a passion fruit cultivation method for early harvest and early production to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention aims to solve the problem in the prior art that passion fruit will suffer from style shrinkage and poor pollination during its blooming period due to high temperature, which leads to a low fruit setting rate, and proposes a method for cultivating passion fruit with early abundance and early yield.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A passion fruit cultivation method for early abundance and early production comprises the following steps:

[0007] A. Improve the early growth of passion fruit and increase the number of fruiting branches: cultivate high ridges on the cultivated land and build trellises, plant passion fruit seedlings on the high ridges, twist branches when they are 30 cm away from the trellises, and leave the strong primary vines of passion fruit in a "tree-like" shape, and put them on the trellises at an angle of 50 to 60 degrees. Generally, there are 4 to 7 passion fruit branches on the trellises;

[0008] B. Raise ground temperature and promote growth: Before planting, apply basal fertilizer and prepare the land, then cover the ground with plastic film to raise the soil temperature. When the daily temperature rises above 35°C, remove the plastic film in time to prevent the ground temperature from being too high.

[0009] C. Build a rain shelter at least 1m above the scaffold to prevent rainwater from affecting the fruit setting rate;

[0010] D. Installing supplementary lighting under the canopy to promote the growth of passion fruit plants and flower bud differentiation through supplementary lighting technology, thereby increasing the number and quality of early flowers;

[0011] E. Reduce the temperature in the orchard and increase the humidity: When managing water and fertilizer, place a mist nozzle 50 cm below the trellis in the cultivation bed to increase the humidity of the orchard environment. Spray for 10 to 15 minutes every day on sunny days.

[0012] Furthermore, one month before planting passion fruit seedlings, apply 2 tons of base fertilizer per acre of planting land.

[0013] Furthermore, in winter or early spring when natural light is insufficient, the combination of artificial red light and blue light can extend the lighting time to more than 11 hours a day, promote flower bud differentiation and plant development, and promote early flowering by about 25 days.

[0014] Furthermore, in the early stage of passion fruit plant planting, nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer are mainly applied, and the frequency of fertilization is twice a month. After the trellis on the first-level vine of passion fruit is extended by 1m, high-phosphorus fertilizer is applied to promote flowering, and the frequency of fertilization is twice a month. After the plant blooms, biological organic water-fertilizer, trace element balanced fertilizer and macro-element balanced fertilizer are applied once for each batch of flowers.

[0015] Furthermore, yellow boards and blue boards are hung during the growth and development period of the fruit to prevent fruit flies and thrips from biting the fruit surface.

[0016] Furthermore, during the passion fruit planting period, the side buds on the main vine and the side buds within 20 cm of the base of the side vine should be removed in time to keep the plant ventilated and light-permeable.

[0017] Furthermore, passion fruit plants should be inspected regularly, with prevention as the main approach, and biological pesticides or low-toxic chemical pesticides should be used rationally to control pests and diseases, while keeping the environment clean to avoid the breeding of pests and diseases.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. This method for cultivating early-harvesting and early-producing passion fruit builds a trellis for the passion fruit seedlings to climb on. The trellis has good lighting, which is beneficial to the coloring and sweetening of the passion fruit. It is also convenient for pruning and picking. By pruning and shaping the passion fruit seedlings and timely cutting off the excess growing branches and vines, the main vine can be kept strong and the side vines can be evenly distributed. The weak and diseased and insect-infested branches can be removed in time to keep the plants ventilated and light-permeable, so as to keep the passion fruit plant small but fruitful, and to keep the planting site clean and tidy, reducing the occurrence of bacteria and disease and insect pests.

[0020] 2. This early-bearing passion fruit cultivation method can promote flowering and fruiting, prevent and reduce passion fruit flower and fruit drop, and improve the fruit setting rate through good water and fertilizer management. Yellow and blue boards are hung during the fruit growth and development period to prevent fruit flies from biting the fruit surface. Prevention is the main approach, and biological pesticides or low-toxic chemical pesticides are used reasonably for pest and disease control to ensure the yield and quality of passion fruit, reduce the use of toxic pesticides, and facilitate ecological planting.

[0021] 3. This early-harvest and early-yield passion fruit cultivation method adopts "supplementary light technology" to promote plant growth and flower bud differentiation, making the passion fruit flowering period advanced. It adopts rain shelter cultivation and builds a rain shelter more than 1 meter above the passion fruit planting frame to prevent rain from eroding the stigma. It adopts "micro-mist spraying" technology to reduce the temperature and increase the humidity in the orchard, thereby increasing the high-temperature fruit setting rate of passion fruit, greatly reducing the negative impact of high temperature and rainfall on passion fruit, reducing the investment risk of cultivation, and shortening the investment cycle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 The present invention provides a planting schematic diagram of a method for cultivating passion fruit for early abundance and early yield.

[0023] In the picture: 1. High ridge; 2. Pergola; 3. Awning; 4. Fill light; 5. Mist nozzle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0025] Reference Figure 1 A method for cultivating passion fruit with early abundance and early yield comprises the following steps:

[0026] A passion fruit cultivation method for early abundance and early production comprises the following steps:

[0027] A. Improve the early growth of passion fruit and increase the number of fruiting branches: cultivate high ridges 1 and build trellises 2 on the cultivated land. One month before planting passion fruit seedlings, apply 2 tons of base fertilizer per mu of planting land. Plant passion fruit seedlings on high ridges 1. Twist the branches 30 cm below the trellis 2. At this time, leave the strong first-level vines of passion fruit in a "tree shape" and put them on the trellis at an angle of 50 to 60 degrees. Generally, there are 4 to 7 branches of passion fruit on the trellis 2. During the planting period of passion fruit, remove the side buds of the main vine of passion fruit and the side buds within 20 cm of the base of the side vine in time to keep the plants ventilated and light-permeable;

[0028] B. Raise ground temperature and promote growth: Before planting, apply basal fertilizer and prepare the land, then cover the ground with plastic film to raise the soil temperature. When the daily temperature rises above 35°C, remove the plastic film in time to prevent the ground temperature from being too high.

[0029] C. Build a rain shelter 3 at least 1m above the scaffold 2 to prevent rain from eroding and affecting the fruit setting rate;

[0030] D. Install supplementary lights 4 under the canopy 3. Supplementary lighting technology is used to promote the growth of passion fruit plants and promote flower bud differentiation, increase the number and quality of early flowers, and in winter or early spring when natural light is insufficient, supplementary lighting with a combination of artificial red light and blue light can extend the lighting time to more than 11 hours per day, promote flower bud differentiation and plant development, and promote early flowering by about 25 days;

[0031] E. Reduce the temperature in the orchard and increase the humidity: When managing water and fertilizer, place a mist nozzle 5 50 cm below the top bracket in the cultivation bed to increase the humidity of the orchard environment. Spray for 10 to 15 minutes every day on sunny days to reduce the temperature in the orchard and increase the humidity of the orchard environment, improve the pollination environment of passion fruit, and increase the fruit setting rate. Survey data show that when the field temperature is 39°C, the passion fruit setting rate can reach more than 70%;

[0032] In the early stage of passion fruit plant planting, nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer are mainly applied, and the frequency of fertilization is twice a month. After the passion fruit first-level vine is extended 1m on the trellis 2, high-phosphorus fertilizer is applied to promote flowering, and the frequency of fertilization is twice a month. After the plant blooms, apply biological organic water fertilizer, trace element balanced fertilizer and macro-element balanced fertilizer once for each batch of flowers. During the growth and development period of the fruit, hang yellow and blue boards to prevent fruit flies and thrips from biting the fruit surface. Check the passion fruit plants regularly, focus on prevention, and use biological pesticides or low-toxic chemical pesticides reasonably for disease and pest control. At the same time, keep the environment clean to avoid the breeding of diseases and pests. During the passion fruit planting period, remove weeds in the field and remove pruned branches in time to keep the planting site clean and reduce the occurrence of bacteria and diseases and pests.

[0033] Normally, passion fruit is planted once a year and harvested continuously for a year, with an average yield of about 1,500 kg per mu. The price of passion fruit decreases from 20 yuan / kg in July and August to 8 yuan / kg or even 5 yuan / kg after October. This early-harvest passion fruit cultivation method reduces labor costs and management costs. It only takes about 6 months from planting to harvesting, and only harvests once to maximize yield. It can also be combined with the regulation of flowering period to maximize benefits and increase early fruit yield from less than 300 kg to 1,500 kg. This model uses a series of technical means to greatly reduce the negative effects of high temperature and rainfall on passion fruit, reduce investment and cultivation risks, shorten the investment cycle, and greatly increase early yield and early benefits. The harvest period is concentrated in about 25 days, and the planting period is shortened to about 6 months, which greatly saves labor costs.

[0034] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating passion fruit for early abundance and early production, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: A. Improving the early growth of passion fruit and increasing the number of fruiting branches: cultivating high ridges (1) on cultivated land and building trellises (2), planting large passion fruit seedlings on the high ridges (1), twisting branches 30 cm below the trellises (2), leaving strong primary vines of passion fruit in a "tree shape" and placing them on the trellises at an angle of 50 to 60 degrees, and generally 4 to 7 passion fruit branches on the trellises (2); B. Raise ground temperature and promote growth: Before planting, apply basal fertilizer and prepare the land, then cover the ground with plastic film to raise the soil temperature. When the daily temperature rises above 35°C, remove the plastic film in time to prevent the ground temperature from being too high. C. building a rain shelter (3) at a height of 1 m or more above the scaffold (2) to prevent rainwater from eroding and affecting the fruit setting rate; D. Installing a supplementary light (4) below the canopy (3) to promote the growth of passion fruit plants and flower bud differentiation through supplementary light technology, thereby increasing the number and quality of early flowers; E. Lower the temperature in the orchard and increase the humidity: When managing water and fertilizer, place a mist nozzle (5) 50 cm away from the shed (2) in the cultivated field to increase the humidity of the orchard environment. Spray for 10 to 15 minutes every day on sunny days.

2. A passion fruit cultivation method for early abundance and early production according to claim 1, characterized in that, One month before planting passion fruit seedlings, apply 2 tons of base fertilizer per acre of planting land.

3. A passion fruit cultivation method for early abundance and premature production according to claim 1, characterized in that, In winter or early spring when natural light is insufficient, a combination of artificial red and blue light can extend the lighting time to more than 11 hours a day, promote flower bud differentiation and plant development, and promote early flowering by about 25 days.

4. A passion fruit cultivation method for early abundance and early production according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the early stage of passion fruit plant planting, nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer are mainly applied, and the fertilization frequency is twice a month. After the trellis (2) on the first-level passion fruit vine is extended by 1m, high-phosphorus fertilizer is applied to promote flowering, and the fertilization frequency is twice a month. After the plant blooms, biological organic water fertilizer, trace element balanced fertilizer and macroelement balanced fertilizer are applied once for each batch of flowers.

5. A passion fruit cultivation method for early abundance and early production according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the growth and development period of the fruit, hang yellow and blue boards to prevent fruit flies and thrips from biting the fruit surface.

6. A passion fruit cultivation method for early abundance and early production according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the passion fruit planting period, promptly remove the side buds on the main vine and the side buds within 20 cm of the base of the side vine to keep the plant well ventilated and light-permeable.

7. The method for cultivating passion fruit for early abundance and early production according to claim 1, characterized in that: Check passion fruit plants regularly, focus on prevention, and use biological pesticides or low-toxic chemical pesticides to control pests and diseases. At the same time, keep the environment clean to avoid the breeding of pests and diseases.

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