Method for improving yield and quality of thick-skin muskmelons by applying leaf fertilizer to soil

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving yield and quality of muskmelons by applying a foliar fertilizer to soil, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting. The method comprises the following steps: (1) applying a base fertilizer; (2) applying a seedling fertilizer; (3) fertilization in a vine extension period: applying the balanced ternary compound fertilizer and carrying out soil drip irrigation of a foliar fertilizer at the same time; (4) fertilization in a flowering period: applying a high-phosphorus ternary compound fertilizer and performing drip irrigation of a leaf fertilizer on the soil at the same time; (5) applying fertilizer for 3-4 times before the reticulate patterns are formed in the initial fruit swelling stage, applying the fruit swelling fertilizer for the first time, applying calcium ammonium nitrate, and then applying balanced ternary compound fertilizer; and (6) starting from reticulate patterns to a mature period: applying a high-potassium ternary compound fertilizer after the reticulate patterns are formed on the fruits. By improving the existing fertilization technology, the growth vigor and flowering quality of thick-skin muskmelon crops such as greenhouse Hami melons can be improved, and the common problems of premature senility, young melon malformation, poor fruit swelling, easy pedicel cracking and the like of the crops in the thick-skin muskmelon planting process are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a method for improving the yield and quality of thick-skinned melons by applying foliar fertilizer to the soil. Background Art

[0002] Melons can be divided into two categories: thin-skinned and thick-skinned. Thick-skinned melons mainly include Hami melons and honeydew melons. Thick-skinned melons have a short growth cycle and require high fertilization frequency. In Guangxi, greenhouse cultivation is the main mode of cultivation, and the planting soil is mostly sandy loam, which has poor water and fertilizer retention capacity. Due to the high multiple cropping index of crops in greenhouses, fertilization is mainly based on water-soluble fertilizers with a large number of elements, such as 20-20-20 nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content, of which 20% of the nitrogen in the nitrogen fertilizer comes from urea (amide nitrogen). Urea is converted and decomposed under the action of urease and released hydrogen ions (H + ), aggravating soil acidification, reducing the utilization rate of most soil nutrients, especially trace elements. In addition, the trace element content in the applied fertilizers is relatively small and unbalanced, and the nutrient removal rate of each crop season is high. At the same time, because greenhouses are mostly planted with high density, they are highly closed, air is not circulated, and operation is difficult, there are certain safety hazards for personnel. There is a prominent phenomenon of less or no foliar fertilizer spraying, which ultimately leads to the problem of reduced yield and fruit quality due to lack of trace elements in the growth process of crops.

[0003] The nutrient forms in foliar fertilizers are often the most active, and most foliar fertilizers are added with corresponding additives to improve their fertilizer efficiency, such as spreaders, adhesives and absorption promoters, to improve their use effect on the aboveground part of crops. However, in the process of greenhouse Hami melon cultivation, it is rare to apply foliar fertilizers in the form of soil water fertilizers to increase yield and quality. At present, trace elements are mainly organic and inorganic, and most of the inorganic cationic trace element fertilizers are easily fixed after being applied to the soil, reducing their effectiveness, especially in acidic soil environments. In addition, crops have a narrow range of fertilizer tolerance for trace elements, and improper application can easily cause fertilizer damage, making it difficult to meet the crop's absorption needs. Organic trace element fertilizers are not easy to be fixed, but are easily absorbed and used by crops, so they are safer and have less negative impact on the environment. However, there are limitations when adding trace element fertilizers to the production of macronutrient water-soluble fertilizers. Most of them are added in small amounts, and the amount of fertilizer applied at a time is small, which makes it difficult to meet the needs of crops. As a result, in the process of growing Hami melons in greenhouses, the crops suffer from premature aging due to lack of fertilizer or malnutrition, difficulty in pollination during flowering, fruit deformity, easy cracking, and slow fruit expansion, resulting in poor fruit quality and low yield. Therefore, it is urgent to apply trace element fertilizers reasonably to improve the yield and quality of Hami melons. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art and provide a method for improving the yield and quality of thick-skinned melon by applying foliar fertilizer to the soil. By improving the existing fertilization technology, the growth and flowering quality of thick-skinned melon crops such as Hami melon in greenhouses are improved, and the common problems of crop premature aging, young melon deformity, poor fruit expansion and easy cracking of fruit pedicles in the planting process of thick-skinned melons are solved. Ultimately, not only the yield and income are increased, but also the quality of melons is improved.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A method for improving the yield and quality of muskmelon by applying foliar fertilizer to the soil comprises the following steps:

[0007] (1) Application of basal fertilizer: Apply basal fertilizer during land preparation before transplanting muskmelon seedlings;

[0008] (2) Application of seedling fertilizer: 5-7 days after the thick-skinned melon seedlings are transplanted, apply seedling fertilizer to promote the growth of seedlings;

[0009] (3) Fertilization during the vine extension period: During the vine extension period, the first topdressing of vine extension fertilizer is carried out, that is, the first topdressing of vine extension fertilizer is started about 15 days after transplanting, and the balanced ternary compound fertilizer is applied at the same time as the soil drip irrigation of foliar fertilizer, and the application amount of the balanced ternary compound fertilizer is 4-6 kg / mu; the foliar fertilizer is an aqueous foliar fertilizer and / or a powder foliar fertilizer, and the drip irrigation amount when the aqueous foliar fertilizer is used alone is 600-1000 mL / mu, and when the powder foliar fertilizer is used alone, the drip irrigation amount is 400-600 g / mu; preferably, the foliar fertilizer is an aqueous foliar fertilizer plus a powder foliar fertilizer, and the drip irrigation amount when the aqueous foliar fertilizer and the powder foliar fertilizer are used at the same time is: 300-500 mL / mu for the aqueous foliar fertilizer and 200-300 g / mu for the powder foliar fertilizer;

[0010] (4) Fertilization during the flowering period: During the flowering period, a second topdressing of vine extension fertilizer is performed, that is, the second topdressing of vine extension fertilizer is performed about 20 days after transplanting, that is, 3-5 days before the flowering of the flower node position is determined, a high-phosphorus ternary compound fertilizer is applied and soil drip irrigation of foliar fertilizer is performed. The application rate of the high-phosphorus ternary compound fertilizer is 4-6 kg / mu; the foliar fertilizer is an aqueous foliar fertilizer and / or a powder foliar fertilizer. The drip irrigation rate when the aqueous foliar fertilizer is used alone is 600-1000 mL / mu, and the drip irrigation rate when the powder foliar fertilizer is used alone is 400-600 g / mu; preferably, the foliar fertilizer is an aqueous foliar fertilizer plus a powder foliar fertilizer. The drip irrigation rate when the aqueous foliar fertilizer and the powder foliar fertilizer are used simultaneously is as follows: 300-500 mL / mu for aqueous foliar fertilizer and 200-300 g / mu for powder foliar fertilizer;

[0011] (5) From the initial stage of fruit expansion to before netting: Apply fertilizer for fruit expansion at the beginning of the fruit expansion period. The first application of fertilizer for fruit expansion begins about 25 days after transplanting. Apply fertilizer 3-4 times before netting. The first application of fertilizer for fruit expansion is 5.0-7.5 kg / mu of calcium ammonium nitrate. The interval between fertilizer applications is 2-3 days thereafter. Apply balanced triple compound fertilizer 5-8 kg / mu each time.

[0012] (6) From the onset of netting to maturity: The fruit begins to enter the netting stage about 40 days after transplanting. Apply fertilizer 2-4 times after the fruit forms netting. The interval between fertilization is 2-3 days. Apply high-potassium triple compound fertilizer at a rate of 7.5-10.0 kg / mu each time.

[0013] Furthermore, in step (1), the application of the base fertilizer includes: 1500-2000 kg / mu of fully decomposed organic fertilizer and 40-50 kg / mu of potassium sulfate type balanced ternary compound fertilizer.

[0014] Furthermore, in step (2), calcium ammonium nitrate is applied as seedling fertilizer at a rate of 5.0-7.5 kg / mu.

[0015] Furthermore, the balanced ternary compound fertilizers in step (3) and step (5) are both powdered water-soluble fertilizers with nitrogen (N): phosphorus (P2O5): potassium (K2O) = 1:1:1; the high-phosphorus ternary compound fertilizer in step (4) is a powdered water-soluble fertilizer with nitrogen (N): phosphorus (P2O5): potassium (K2O) = 1:1.2-1.5:1; and the high-potassium ternary compound fertilizer in step (6) is a powdered water-soluble fertilizer with nitrogen (N): phosphorus (P2O5): potassium (K2O) = 1:0.3-0.5:2.0-2.5.

[0016] Further, in step (3), the aqueous foliar fertilizer contains the following components: P2O5 400-450 g / L, K2O 60-80 g / L, Ca 8-15 g / L, Mg 25-35 g / L, Mn 8-15 g / L, and Zn 3-5 g / L; the powder foliar fertilizer contains the following components in weight percentage: N 2.5-3.0%, P2O5 6.5-7.0%, Ca 2-5%, Mg 5-10%, S 6.0-6.5%, B0.5-0.8%, Cu 0.8-1.2%, Fe 2.0-2.5%, Mn 5-10%, Zn 8-15%, and Mo 0.05-0.08%.

[0017] Furthermore, in step (4), the aqueous foliar fertilizer contains the following components: P2O5 400-450 g / L, K2O 60-80 g / L, Ca 8-15 g / L, Mg 25-35 g / L, Mn 8-15 g / L, and Zn 3-5 g / L; the powdered foliar fertilizer contains the following components in percentage by weight: B 10-15%, Cu 0.2-0.5%, Fe 0.2-0.5%, Mn 0.2-0.5%, and Zn 5-6%.

[0018] Beneficial effects:

[0019] In the cultivation process of muskmelon, retaining flowers and setting fruit are the key, which plays a key role in the yield and quality of melon. Therefore, the requirements for fertilizer nutrition during the flowering period are higher, especially the nutrients that play a decisive role in flowering, such as phosphorus, potassium and boron. During the reproductive growth period of crops, crops have a high demand for elements such as phosphorus, potassium and boron, which help flower bud differentiation, flower organ formation, and fruit development and maturity. As for phosphorus and potassium, as macroelements, they are added in every fertilization process, and the application method is relatively flexible, and there is basically no shortage. As for medium and trace element nutrition, especially boron, it plays a key role in promoting cell elongation and tissue differentiation, promoting carbohydrate transportation and protein metabolism, promoting root growth and development, enhancing crop stress resistance, and promoting pollen germination and pollen tube growth. Therefore, the application amount and time of boron have become one of the key factors for retaining flowers and setting fruit.

[0020] The present invention respectively carries out the application test of corresponding foliar fertilizer together with soil drip irrigation fertilizer in the early stage of vine extension and flowering stage, and designs four treatments in total, treatment one is the farmer's usual fertilization, treatment two is the test of adding foliar spraying of foliar fertilizer on the basis of treatment one, treatment three is the test of adding foliar fertilizer on the basis of treatment one for soil drip irrigation, and treatment four is the test of adding foliar spraying of foliar fertilizer on the basis of treatment three. From the test results, the effect difference between treatment three and treatment four is not big, treatment two is the best, and treatment one is the worst. Its effect is manifested in improved flowering quality, fewer deformed fruits, regular fruit shape, fast fruit development and fruit pedicles are not easy to crack. Considering the cost, effect and difficulty of operation, the test method of treatment three of the present invention is the best and has high feasibility for promotion.

[0021] In addition, the present invention applies foliar fertilizer in the form of soil drip irrigation, which can solve the problems of strong sealing, poor air circulation, and difficult operation in current greenhouse planting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is the fruit size effect diagram of treatment one in the small fruit stage;

[0023] Figure 2 This is the fruit size effect diagram of treatment 2 in the small fruit stage;

[0024] Figure 3 This is the fruit size effect diagram of treatment three in the small fruit stage;

[0025] Figure 4 This is the effect diagram of fruit size of treatment 4 in small fruit stage;

[0026] Figure 5 This is the effect diagram of stem thickness of treatments one to four at the small fruit stage;

[0027] Figure 6 This is the leaf thickness effect diagram of treatments one to four at the small fruit stage;

[0028] Figure 7 This is the effect diagram of fruit size of treatment one in the middle stage of fruit expansion;

[0029] Figure 8 This is the effect diagram of fruit size of treatment 2 in the middle stage of fruit expansion;

[0030] Fig. 9 This is the effect diagram of fruit size of treatment three in the middle stage of fruit expansion;

[0031] Fig.10 This is the effect diagram of fruit size of treatment 4 in the middle stage of fruit expansion;

[0032] Fig.11 These are the leaf effect pictures of treatments one to four in the late stage of fruit expansion;

[0033] Fig.12 These are the fruit net pattern effects of treatments one to four during maturity;

[0034] Fig.13 This is the effect diagram of the navel of the fruit from treatment one to treatment four during the maturity period;

[0035] Fig.14 This is a test chart of the flesh hardness of treatments one to four during maturity;

[0036] Fig.15 This is the appearance of the mature fruit after the storage experiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] A method for improving the yield and quality of muskmelon by applying foliar fertilizer to the soil comprises the following steps:

[0040] (1) Application of basal fertilizer: before transplanting the musk melon seedlings, basal fertilizer is applied during land preparation; the basal fertilizer applied is: 1800 kg / mu of fully decomposed organic fertilizer and 45 kg / mu of potassium sulfate type balanced ternary compound fertilizer with nitrogen (N): phosphorus (P2O5): potassium (K2O) = 1:1:1.

[0041] (2) Application of seedling fertilizer: 6 days after the muskmelon seedlings were transplanted, seedling fertilizer was applied to promote the growth of the seedlings; the seedling fertilizer used was 6.0 kg / mu of calcium ammonium nitrate.

[0042] (3) Fertilization during the vine extension period: During the vine extension period, i.e. about 15 days after transplanting, the first topdressing of vine extension fertilizer is carried out. During this period, nitrogen (N): phosphorus (P2O5): potassium (K2O) = 1:1:1 powdered water-soluble fertilizer is mainly used, and 5 kg is applied per mu. At the same time, 400 ml of water-based foliar fertilizer and 250 g of powdered foliar fertilizer are added per mu for drip irrigation of the soil. The water-based foliar fertilizer contains the following components: P2O5 430 g / L, K2O 70 g / L, Ca 10 g / L, Mg 30 g / L, Mn 10 g / L, Zn 4 g / L; the powdered foliar fertilizer contains the following components in weight percentage: N 2.9%, P2O5 6.8%, Ca 3%, Mg 7%, S 6.1%, B 0.6%, Cu 1.0%, Fe 2.3%, Mn 7%, Zn 10%, Mo 0.06%.

[0043] (4) Fertilization during the flowering period: The second topdressing of vine extension fertilizer begins about 20 days after transplanting, that is, 3-5 days before the flowering of the flowering node is determined. This fertilization mainly focuses on pre-flowering fertilizer to improve the quality of flowering and prepare for the retention of flowers and fruit. During this period, nitrogen (N): phosphorus (P2O5): potassium (K2O) = 1:1.5:1 powdered water-soluble fertilizer is mainly used, and 5 kg is applied per mu. At the same time, 400 ml of aqueous foliar fertilizer and 250 g of powdered foliar fertilizer are added per mu for drip irrigation of the soil. The aqueous foliar fertilizer contains the following components in the following contents: P2O5 430 g / L, K2O 70 g / L, Ca 10 g / L, Mg 30 g / L, Mn 10 g / L, Zn 4 g / L; the powdered foliar fertilizer contains the following components in percentage by weight: B 12%, Cu 0.3%, Fe 0.3%, Mn 0.3%, Zn 5.5%.

[0044] (5) From the initial stage of fruit expansion to before the onset of webbed patterns: The first application of fruit expansion fertilizer begins about 25 days after transplanting. Apply fertilizer four times before webbed patterns appear. The first application of fruit expansion fertilizer is 6.0 kg / mu of calcium ammonium nitrate. The interval between subsequent fertilizations is 3 days. Apply nitrogen (N): phosphorus (P2O5): potassium (K2O) = 1:1:1 powdered water-soluble fertilizer, and apply 5 kg, 6.5 kg and 7.5 kg per mu respectively.

[0045] (6) Netting to maturity: The netting period begins about 40 days after transplanting. After the fruit has netting, apply fertilizer three times, with an interval of 2-3 days. Apply high-potassium three-element compound fertilizer, 8.5 kg / mu each time. The high-potassium three-element compound fertilizer is a powdered water-soluble fertilizer with nitrogen (N): phosphorus (P2O5): potassium (K2O) = 1:0.4:2.0.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] A method for improving the yield and quality of muskmelon by applying foliar fertilizer to the soil comprises the following steps:

[0048] (1) Application of basal fertilizer: before transplanting the musk melon seedlings, basal fertilizer is applied during land preparation; the basal fertilizer applied is: 1500 kg / mu of fully decomposed organic fertilizer and 50 kg / mu of potassium sulfate type balanced ternary compound fertilizer with nitrogen (N): phosphorus (P2O5): potassium (K2O) = 1:1:1.

[0049] (2) Application of seedling fertilizer: 5 days after the muskmelon seedlings were transplanted, seedling fertilizer was applied to promote the growth of the seedlings. The seedling fertilizer used was 7.5 kg / mu of calcium ammonium nitrate.

[0050] (3) Fertilization during the vine extension period: During the vine extension period, the first topdressing of vine extension fertilizer is carried out, and the balanced ternary compound fertilizer is applied at the same time as the soil drip irrigation of foliar fertilizer, the application amount of the balanced ternary compound fertilizer is 4 kg / mu; the balanced ternary compound fertilizer is a powdered water-soluble fertilizer with a ratio of N: P2O5: K2O = 1:1:1; the foliar fertilizer is drip-irrigated when both the aqueous foliar fertilizer and the powdered foliar fertilizer are used, and the drip irrigation amount is: aqueous foliar fertilizer 450 mL / mu, powder 230 g / mu; the aqueous foliar fertilizer contains the following components: P2O5 410 g / L, K2O 70 g / L, Ca 12 g / L, Mg 30 g / L, Mn 12 g / L, Zn 3 g / L; the powdered foliar fertilizer contains the following components in percentage by weight: N 2.6%, P2O5 6.9%, Ca 3%, Mg 8%, S 6.3%, B 0.7%, Cu 0.8%, Fe2.4%, Mn 8%, Zn 10%, Mo 0.07%.

[0051] (4) Fertilization during the flowering period: During the flowering period, a second topdressing of vine extension fertilizer is performed, that is, 3-5 days before the flowering of the flower node, a high-phosphorus three-element compound fertilizer is applied and a soil drip irrigation foliar fertilizer is performed. The application amount of the high-phosphorus three-element compound fertilizer is 4 kg / mu; the high-phosphorus three-element compound fertilizer is a powdered water-soluble fertilizer with a ratio of N:P2O5:K2O=1:1.2:1; the foliar fertilizer is a water-based foliar fertilizer and a powdered foliar fertilizer for drip irrigation, and the drip irrigation amount is as follows: 450 mL / mu for water-based foliar fertilizer and 240 g / mu for powdered foliar fertilizer; the water-based foliar fertilizer contains the following components: P2O5 420 g / L, K2O 65 g / L, Ca 10 g / L, Mg 28 g / L, Mn 10 g / L, Zn 3.5 g / L; the powdered foliar fertilizer contains the following components in percentage by weight: B 14%, Cu 0.3%, Fe 0.4%, Mn0.3%, Zn 6%.

[0052] (5) From the initial stage of fruit swelling to before the onset of netting: apply fertilizer for fruit swelling at the beginning of the fruit swelling stage, and apply fertilizer four times before the onset of netting. The first application of fertilizer for fruit swelling is 5.5 kg / mu of calcium ammonium nitrate. After that, the interval between fertilizer applications is 2-3 days, and 6 kg / mu, 7 kg / mu, and 7.5 kg / mu of balanced ternary compound fertilizer are applied in sequence; the balanced ternary compound fertilizer is a powdered water-soluble fertilizer with a ratio of N:P2O5:K2O=1:1:1;

[0053] (6) From the onset of netting to maturity: Fertilize three times after the fruit has netting, with an interval of 2-3 days, and apply high-potassium ternary compound fertilizer, 8.0 kg / mu each time. The high-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is a powdered water-soluble fertilizer with a ratio of N:P2O5:K2O=1:0.5:2.5.

[0054] Example 3

[0055] A method for improving the yield and quality of muskmelon by applying foliar fertilizer to the soil comprises the following steps:

[0056] (1) Application of basal fertilizer: before transplanting the musk melon seedlings, basal fertilizer is applied during land preparation; the basal fertilizer applied is: 2000 kg / mu of fully decomposed organic fertilizer and 40 kg / mu of potassium sulfate type balanced ternary compound fertilizer with nitrogen (N): phosphorus (P2O5): potassium (K2O) = 1:1:1.

[0057] (2) Application of seedling fertilizer: 7 days after the muskmelon seedlings were transplanted, seedling fertilizer was applied to promote the growth of the seedlings. The seedling fertilizer used was 5.5 kg / mu of calcium ammonium nitrate.

[0058] (3) Fertilization during the vine extension period: During the vine extension period, the first topdressing of vine extension fertilizer is carried out, and the balanced ternary compound fertilizer is applied at the same time as the soil drip irrigation of foliar fertilizer, the application amount of the balanced ternary compound fertilizer is 6 kg / mu; the balanced ternary compound fertilizer is a powdered water-soluble fertilizer with N: P2O5: K2O = 1:1:1; the foliar fertilizer is a water-based foliar fertilizer and a powdered foliar fertilizer used for drip irrigation, the drip irrigation amount is: water-based foliar fertilizer 350 mL / mu, powder-based foliar fertilizer 280 g / mu; the water-based foliar fertilizer contains the following components: P2O5 420 g / L, K2O 75 g / L, Ca 12 g / L, Mg 28 g / L, Mn 12 g / L, Zn 5 g / L; the powdered foliar fertilizer contains the following components in percentage by weight: N 2.6%, P2O5 6.8%, Ca 4%, Mg 6%, S 6.5%, B 0.7%, Cu 0.9%, Fe2.3%, Mn 8%, Zn 1.0%, Mo 0.06%.

[0059] (4) Fertilization during the flowering period: During the flowering period, a second topdressing of vine extension fertilizer is performed, that is, 3-5 days before the flowering of the flower node position determined to be retained, a high-phosphorus three-element compound fertilizer is applied and at the same time, soil drip irrigation of foliar fertilizer is performed, wherein the application amount of the high-phosphorus three-element compound fertilizer is 6 kg / mu; the high-phosphorus three-element compound fertilizer is a powdered water-soluble fertilizer with a ratio of N:P2O5:K2O=1:1.3:1; the foliar fertilizer is a water-based foliar fertilizer and a powdered foliar fertilizer for drip irrigation, and the drip irrigation amount is as follows: 350 mL / mu for water-based foliar fertilizer and 280 g / mu for powdered foliar fertilizer; the water-based foliar fertilizer contains the following components: P2O5 440 g / L, K2O 75 g / L, Ca 12 g / L, Mg 32 g / L, Mn 13 g / L, Zn 4 g / L; the powdered foliar fertilizer contains the following components in percentage by weight: B 12%, Cu 0.3%, Fe 0.4%, Mn0.3%, Zn 5%.

[0060] (5) From the initial stage of fruit swelling to before the onset of netting: apply fertilizer for fruit swelling at the beginning of the fruit swelling stage, and apply fertilizer four times before the onset of netting. The first application of fertilizer for fruit swelling is 6.5 kg / mu of calcium ammonium nitrate. After that, the interval between fertilization is 2-3 days, and 5.5 kg / mu, 6.5 kg / mu, and 7.5 kg / mu of balanced ternary compound fertilizer are applied in sequence; the balanced ternary compound fertilizer is a powdered water-soluble fertilizer with a ratio of N:P2O5:K2O=1:1:1;

[0061] (6) From the onset of netting to maturity: Fertilize three times after the fruit has netting, with an interval of 2-3 days, and apply high-potassium ternary compound fertilizer, 9.0 kg / mu each time. The high-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is a powdered water-soluble fertilizer with a ratio of N:P2O5:K2O=1:0.3:2.0.

[0062] In order to compare the effects, the present invention planted Hami melon (Xiao Mi No. 25) in Fucheng Town, Yinhai District, Beihai City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (greenhouse planting), the planting time was 2024.8-2024.11 (growth period 61 days), each group planted 1.8 acres (2520 plants), and the following fertilization treatments were performed on each group. Except for the different fertilization treatments of each group, other planting and management conditions were the same. The test data are detailed in Tables 1-8, and the planting effects are shown in Attachment Figure 1-15 .

[0063] Treatment 1 (CK group):

[0064] On the basis of Example 1, step (3) and step (4) fertilization are as follows:

[0065] (3) Fertilization during the vine extension period: The first topdressing of vine extension fertilizer should be done during the vine extension period, which is about 15 days after transplanting. Apply nitrogen (N): phosphorus (P2O5): potassium (K2O) = 1:1:1 powdered water-soluble fertilizer, and apply 5 kg per mu.

[0066] (4) Fertilization during the flowering period: The second application of vine-stretching fertilizer begins about 20 days after transplanting, that is, 3-5 days before flowering at the determined flower node, apply nitrogen (N): phosphorus (P2O5): potassium (K2O) = 1:1.5:1 powdered water-soluble fertilizer, applying 5 kg per mu.

[0067] Processing 2:

[0068] On the basis of Example 1, step (3) and step (4) fertilization are as follows:

[0069] (3) Fertilization during the vine extension period: During the vine extension period, i.e. about 15 days after transplanting, the first topdressing of vine extension fertilizer is carried out, using a powdered water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen (N): phosphorus (P2O5): potassium (K2O) ratio of 1:1:1, with an application of 5 kg per mu; at the same time, 400 ml of an aqueous foliar fertilizer and 250 g of a 1000-fold diluted powdered foliar fertilizer are used for foliar spraying, and the aqueous foliar fertilizer and the powdered foliar fertilizer are the same as those in step (3) of Example 1.

[0070] (4) Fertilization during the flowering period: Start applying the second topdressing fertilizer for vine extension about 20 days after transplanting, that is, 3-5 days before the flowering of the flower node, apply nitrogen (N): phosphorus (P2O5): potassium (K2O) = 1:1.5:1 powdered water-soluble fertilizer, apply 5 kg per mu; at the same time, use 400 ml of aqueous foliar fertilizer and 250 g of 1000 times diluted powdered foliar fertilizer per mu for foliar spraying, the aqueous foliar fertilizer and the powdered foliar fertilizer are the same as step (4) of Example 1.

[0071] Process three:

[0072] The method of Example 1 was used for fertilization.

[0073] Processing four:

[0074] On the basis of Example 1, step (3) and step (4) fertilization are as follows:

[0075] (3) Fertilization during the vine extension period: During the vine extension period, i.e. about 15 days after transplanting, the first topdressing of vine extension fertilizer is carried out, using a powdered water-soluble fertilizer with a ratio of nitrogen (N): phosphorus (P2O5): potassium (K2O) = 1:1:1, with an application of 5 kg per mu; at the same time, 400 ml of aqueous foliar fertilizer and 250 g of powdered foliar fertilizer are added per mu for drip irrigation of the soil, and 400 ml of aqueous foliar fertilizer and 250 g of powdered foliar fertilizer with a 1000 times dilution are used per mu for foliar spraying; the aqueous foliar fertilizer and the powdered foliar fertilizer are the same as those in step (3) of Example 1.

[0076] (4) Fertilization during the flowering period: Start applying the second topdressing fertilizer for vine extension about 20 days after transplanting, that is, 3-5 days before the flowering of the flower node, apply nitrogen (N): phosphorus (P2O5): potassium (K2O) = 1:1.5:1 powdered water-soluble fertilizer, and apply 5 kg per mu; at the same time, add 400 ml of aqueous foliar fertilizer and 250 g of powdered foliar fertilizer per mu for drip irrigation of the soil, and use 400 ml of aqueous foliar fertilizer and 250 g of powdered foliar fertilizer 1000 times diluted per mu for foliar spraying. The aqueous foliar fertilizer and the powdered foliar fertilizer are the same as those in step (4) of Example 1.

[0077] Test results:

[0078] 1. Fruit size during the small fruit period:

[0079] like Figure 1-4 As shown in Table 1, the test results on September 28, 2024 are as follows: Figure 1-4 The following are the fruit size effect diagrams of treatments 1 to 4 in the small fruit stage. Table 1 is the comparison of the fruit size data of each treatment in the small fruit stage. During the test, fruits of the same height and orientation were selected for measurement.

[0080] Table 1

[0081]

[0082] Depend on Figure 1-4 Comparison with the data in Table 1 shows that, at the small fruit stage, the fruit sizes of treatments 2, 3, and 4 were similar, and were significantly better than treatment 1.

[0083] 2. Stem thickness during small fruit stage:

[0084] like Figure 5 As shown in Table 2, the test results are as of September 28, 2024. Figure 5 Figure 2 is the effect diagram of stem thickness (middle part of main vine of plant) of treatments 1 to 4 in small fruit stage. Table 2 is the comparison of stem thickness data of each treatment in small fruit stage. During the test, stems of the same height were selected for measurement.

[0085] Table 2

[0086]

[0087] Depend on Figure 5 Comparison with the data in Table 2 shows that at the small fruit stage, the stem thickness of treatments three and four was not much different, and both were significantly better than treatments one and two.

[0088] 3. Leaf thickness during small fruit stage:

[0089] like Figure 6 As shown in Table 3, the test results on September 28, 2024 are as follows: Figure 6 The diagram shows the effect of leaf thickness (leaves in the middle of the main vine of the plant) of treatments one to four during the small fruit stage. Table 3 compares the leaf thickness data of each treatment during the small fruit stage. Leaves at the same height and in the same direction were selected for measurement.

[0090] Table 3

[0091]

[0092] Depend on Figure 6 Comparison with the data in Table 3 shows that, at the small fruit stage, the leaf thickness of treatments three and four is thicker than that of treatment one, which is more conducive to the growth of plants and fruits.

[0093] 4. Fruit size, pedicle cracking and deformed fruit in the middle stage of fruit expansion:

[0094] like Figure 7-10 As shown in Table 4, the test results on October 9, 2024 are as follows: Figure 7-10 The figures are as follows: fruit size effect diagram of treatments one to four in the middle stage of fruit expansion; Table 4 is the comparison of fruit size, pedicle cracking and deformed fruit data of each treatment in the middle stage of fruit expansion. The same direction was selected for the test, and the circumference and fruit length were measured every 10 fruits. For pedicle cracking and deformed fruits, the number of pedicle cracking and deformed fruits were recorded for 100 consecutive fruits.

[0095] Table 4

[0096]

[0097] Depend on Figure 7-10 Comparison with the data in Table 4 shows that in the middle stage of fruit expansion, the fruit sizes of treatments three and four are not much different, and both are significantly better than treatments one and two. The melon stem cracking rate of treatment three is only 2%, and the deformed fruit rate is 0%, which is significantly lower than treatments four, two and one.

[0098] 5. Leaf condition in the late stage of fruit expansion:

[0099] Fig.11This is a diagram of the leaves of treatments one to four in the late stage of fruit expansion. It is the test result on October 22, 2024. It can be seen from the figure that the leaves of treatment one are obviously wilted, while treatments two, three, and four are not. The leaves of treatment one are large and thin. Under high temperature conditions, transpiration is intensified, and the leaves wilt significantly. In the case of leaf wilting, the melons harvested with wilted leaves are softer than those with non-wilted leaves. There are two prices when buyers purchase in the field. The purchase price of melons in plots with wilted leaves is about 1-2 cents per catty lower than that of plots without wilting. If calculated based on 7,000 catties per mu, the loss of leaf wilting per mu is at least 700 yuan; if the purchase price is 2.6 yuan per catty, then 700 yuan is equivalent to a reduction of 270 catties of melons, which is equivalent to a reduction of 3.9%.

[0100] 6. Observation of fruit net pattern at maturity:

[0101] Fig.12 This is the fruit reticulation effect diagram of treatments one to four in the maturity period, which is the test result on November 3, 2024. It can be seen from the figure that compared with treatments one and two, the reticulations on the melon surface of treatments three and four are of appropriate size and evenly distributed, and the melon color is good.

[0102] 7. Observation of the navel of melon during maturity:

[0103] Fig.13 This is the effect diagram of the navel of the fruit in treatments one to four during the maturity period. It is the test result on November 3, 2024. It can be seen from the figure that compared with treatments one and two, the navels of treatments three and four are of appropriate size and the fruit is well developed.

[0104] 8. Sugar content of fruits at maturity:

[0105] As shown in Table 5, these are the test results on November 3, 2024. Table 5 is a comparison of the fruit sugar content data of each treatment at the maturity stage.

[0106] Table 5

[0107]

[0108] From the data in Table 5, it can be seen that the sugar content of the fruits in treatments 3 and 4 is significantly higher than that in treatments 1 and 2.

[0109] 9. Fruit pulp hardness at maturity:

[0110] like Fig.14 As shown in Table 6, the test results on November 3, 2024 are for the pulp hardness test of mature fruits.

[0111] Table 6

[0112]

[0113] From the data in Table 6, it can be seen that the pulp hardness of treatments 3 and 4 is significantly higher than that of treatments 1 and 2.

[0114] 10. Storage stability:

[0115] The storage test was conducted on the mature fruits from November 3, 2024 to November 18, 2024. After 15 days of storage test, if Fig.15 As shown in the figure, the test results were taken on November 18, 2024. The overall performance of the four treatments of the fruit was as follows: the control group (treatment one) had the most obvious rotten fruit, the flesh was softened and watery, had a wine smell, the flesh darkened in color, had rotted, and had low hardness; compared with the control group, the other three treatments had harder overall flesh and brighter colors, and their storage resistance was significantly better than the control.

[0116] As shown in Table 7, the test results on November 18, 2024 are the pulp hardness test after the storage experiment.

[0117] Table 7

[0118]

[0119] From the data in Table 7, it can be seen that the flesh hardness of treatments 3 and 4 is significantly higher than that of treatments 1 and 2. In addition, compared with the hardness in Table 6, it can be seen that the change in hardness of treatments 3 and 4 after storage is significantly smaller than that of treatments 1 and 2.

[0120] 11. Production measurement:

[0121] The yield measurement results of each treatment are shown in Table 8.

[0122] Table 8

[0123] project Processing Four Processing three Process 2 Processing One (CK) Yield (kg / mu) 3519.5 3607.2 3344.2 3356.7 Yield increase compared to CK (kg / mu) +162.8 +250.5 -12.5 - Yield increase percentage compared to CK (%) +4.85 +7.46 -0.37 - Output value (yuan / mu) 18301.4 18757.4 17389.8 16783.5 Output value increased compared with CK (yuan / mu) +1517.9 +1973.9 +606.3 - Output value increased by percentage compared with CK (%) +9.04 +11.76 +3.61 - Fertilizer cost (yuan / mu) 3177.5 3155 2907.5 2894.6 Fertilizer cost increased compared to CK (yuan / mu) +282.9 +260.4 +12.9 - The percentage increase of fertilizer cost compared with CK (%) +9.77 +9.00 +0.44 -

[0124] Note: The wholesale price at that time was 5.2 yuan / kg (processing two, processing three, processing four); 5.0 yuan / kg (processing one).

[0125] From the data comparison in Table 8, it can be seen that treatment three is superior to other treatments in terms of output, output value and fertilizer cost increase. In addition, generally, when the output-input ratio is greater than 5, the feasibility of the plan can be considered and it can bring economic benefits. After calculation, the output-input ratio of treatment three is 7.6:1, and the output-input ratio of treatment four is 5.4:1. It can be seen that treatment three can achieve greater economic benefits than treatment four.

[0126] It can be seen that treatment one used conventional fertilization, which had the worst effect. Treatment two used foliar fertilizer spraying on the leaves on the basis of conventional fertilization. Treatment three used foliar fertilizer drip irrigation on the basis of conventional fertilization. Treatment four added foliar fertilizer spraying on the leaves of treatment two and foliar fertilizer drip irrigation on the soil of treatment three. From the test results, there was little difference in the effects between treatment three and treatment four, treatment two was the best, and treatment one was the worst. This shows that in the greenhouse cultivation of Hami melon, drip irrigation of the soil with an appropriate amount of foliar fertilizer during the vine extension period and flowering period is better than direct spraying of foliar fertilizer on the leaves. The effect of foliar fertilizer spraying on the leaves + foliar fertilizer drip irrigation on the soil is not better than the effect of only using foliar fertilizer drip irrigation on the soil. Therefore, the test method of treatment three is the best and has high feasibility for promotion.

[0127] In summary, after the foliar fertilizer application technology is improved through the present invention, the Hami melon leaves are of appropriate size, the leaf stretchability and leaf color are good, they are not prone to premature aging, the flowering quality is improved, they are easy to pollinate, the fruit is well expanded, the melon shape is good, the fruit stalk is not prone to cracking, and the yield and quality of Hami melon can be significantly improved.

[0128] In addition, the present invention also conducted a comparative test of different fertilization timings under the planting conditions of treatment three, and the yield measurement results are shown in Table 9. Treatment five:

[0129] Based on Example 1, steps (2) to (5) of fertilization are as follows:

[0130] (2) Application of seedling fertilizer: 6 days after the muskmelon seedlings were transplanted, topdressing fertilizer was applied to promote the growth of the seedlings; 6.0 kg / mu of calcium ammonium nitrate was applied as the seedling fertilizer; at the same time, 400 ml of aqueous foliar fertilizer and 250 g of powdered foliar fertilizer were added per mu for drip irrigation; the aqueous foliar fertilizer and the powdered foliar fertilizer were applied in the same manner as in step (3) of Example 1.

[0131] (3) Fertilization during the vine extension period: The first topdressing of vine extension fertilizer should be done during the vine extension period, which is about 15 days after transplanting. Apply nitrogen (N): phosphorus (P2O5): potassium (K2O) = 1:1:1 powdered water-soluble fertilizer, and apply 5 kg per mu.

[0132] (4) Fertilization during the flowering period: The second application of vine-stretching fertilizer begins about 20 days after transplanting, that is, 3-5 days before flowering at the determined flower node, apply nitrogen (N): phosphorus (P2O5): potassium (K2O) = 1:1.5:1 powdered water-soluble fertilizer, applying 5 kg per mu.

[0133] (5) From the initial stage of fruit swelling to before the onset of netting: the first application of fruit swelling fertilizer was started about 25 days after transplanting, and fertilizer was applied four times before the onset of netting. The first application of fruit swelling fertilizer was 6.0 kg / mu of calcium ammonium nitrate. Thereafter, the fertilization interval was 3 days, and nitrogen (N): phosphorus (P2O5): potassium (K2O) = 1:1:1 powdered water-soluble fertilizer was applied, and 5 kg, 6.5 kg and 7.5 kg were applied per mu in sequence. The first application of nitrogen (N): phosphorus (P2O5): potassium (K2O) = 1:1:1 powdered water-soluble fertilizer was applied, and 400 ml of aqueous foliar fertilizer and 250 g of powdered foliar fertilizer were added per mu for drip irrigation. The aqueous foliar fertilizer and the powdered foliar fertilizer were the same as those in step (4) of Example 1.

[0134] Table 9

[0135] project Processing Five Processing three Yield (kg / mu) 3410.3 3607.2 Yield increase compared to CK (kg / mu) +53.6 +250.5 Yield increase percentage compared to CK (%) +1.60 +7.46 Output value (yuan / mu) 17733.6 18757.4 Output value increased compared with CK (yuan / mu) +950.1 +1973.9 Output value increased by percentage compared with CK (%) +5.66 +11.76 Fertilizer cost (yuan / mu) 3155 3155 Fertilizer cost increased compared to CK (yuan / mu) +260.4 +260.4 The percentage increase of fertilizer cost compared with CK (%) +9.00 +9.00

[0136] Treatment 5 is based on treatment 3, and the soil drip irrigation of foliar fertilizer is replaced from step (3) and step (4) to step (2) and step (5) respectively. The present invention compares and finds in the test process that treatment 3 and treatment 5 are similar in terms of fruit size in the small fruit stage, stem thickness and leaf thickness in the small fruit stage, fruit size in the middle stage of fruit expansion, melon pedicle cracking and deformed fruit, leaves in the late stage of fruit expansion, fruit net pattern and melon navel in the mature stage, fruit sugar content and pulp hardness in the mature stage, storage resistance, etc., but the final measured yield is significantly different, and the output-investment ratio of treatment 5 is only 3.6:1, which does not reach 5. As shown in the comparison of the results in Table 9, in the technology of using soil drip irrigation foliar fertilizer for growing Hami melon in greenhouses, it is necessary to apply it during the appropriate growth period to achieve a higher yield.

[0137] In addition, the present invention also conducted a greenhouse planting comparison test of thin-skinned melons. In Fucheng Town, Yinhai District, Beihai City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (greenhouse planting), extra-large white sand honey was planted, and the following two groups of fertilization treatments were performed. Except for the different fertilization treatments, other planting and management conditions were the same. Each group of treatments planted two acres and compared the yields.

[0138] Treatment six: The test object was extra large white sand honey, and the other steps were the same as treatment two.

[0139] Treatment seven: The test object is extra large white sand honey, and the other steps are the same as treatment three.

[0140] According to experimental statistics, the average yield of treatment six is ​​1862.0 kg / mu, and the average yield of treatment seven is 1914.0 kg / mu; the yield of treatment six and treatment seven is not much different. It can be seen that the method of using the soil drip irrigation foliar fertilizer of the present invention has a particularly obvious yield-increasing effect on thick-skinned melons, but has no obvious yield-increasing effect on thin-skinned melons.

[0141] Although the present invention has been disclosed as above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art may make some modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be based on the definition of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for improving the yield and quality of muskmelon by applying foliar fertilizer to the soil, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Application of basal fertilizer: Apply basal fertilizer during land preparation before transplanting muskmelon seedlings; (2) Application of seedling fertilizer: 5-7 days after the thick-skinned melon seedlings are transplanted, apply seedling fertilizer to promote the growth of seedlings; (3) Fertilization during the vine extension period: During the vine extension period, the first topdressing of vine extension fertilizer is carried out, and the balanced ternary compound fertilizer is applied at the same time as the soil drip irrigation of foliar fertilizer. The application rate of the balanced ternary compound fertilizer is 4-6 kg / mu; the foliar fertilizer is an aqueous foliar fertilizer and / or a powder foliar fertilizer. When the aqueous foliar fertilizer is used alone, the drip irrigation rate is 600-1000 mL / mu, when the powder foliar fertilizer is used alone, the drip irrigation rate is 400-600 g / mu, and when the aqueous foliar fertilizer and the powder foliar fertilizer are used at the same time, the drip irrigation rate is: 300-500 mL / mu for the aqueous foliar fertilizer and 200-300 g / mu for the powder foliar fertilizer; (4) Fertilization during the flowering period: During the flowering period, a second topdressing of vine extension fertilizer is performed, i.e., 3-5 days before the flowering of the determined flower node, a high-phosphorus ternary compound fertilizer is applied and soil drip irrigation of foliar fertilizer is performed. The application rate of the high-phosphorus ternary compound fertilizer is 4-6 kg / mu; the foliar fertilizer is an aqueous foliar fertilizer and / or a powder foliar fertilizer. When the aqueous foliar fertilizer is used alone, the drip irrigation rate is 600-1000 mL / mu, when the powder foliar fertilizer is used alone, the drip irrigation rate is 400-600 g / mu, and when both the aqueous foliar fertilizer and the powder foliar fertilizer are used, the drip irrigation rate is: 300-500 mL / mu for the aqueous foliar fertilizer and 200-300 g / mu for the powder foliar fertilizer; (5) From the initial stage of fruit expansion to before netting: Apply fertilizer for fruit expansion at the beginning of the fruit expansion stage. Apply fertilizer 3-4 times before netting. The first application of fertilizer for fruit expansion is 5.0-7.5 kg / mu of calcium ammonium nitrate. The interval between fertilizer applications is 2-3 days. Apply balanced triple compound fertilizer 5-8 kg / mu each time. (6) From the onset of netting to maturity: Apply fertilizer 2-4 times after the fruit has netting, with an interval of 2-3 days between each application. Apply high-potassium triple compound fertilizer at a rate of 7.5-10.0 kg / mu each time.

2. The method for improving the yield and quality of muskmelon by applying foliar fertilizer to the soil as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the base fertilizer applied includes: 1500-2000 kg / mu of fully decomposed organic fertilizer and 40-50 kg / mu of potassium sulfate type balanced ternary compound fertilizer.

3. The method for improving the yield and quality of muskmelon by applying foliar fertilizer to the soil as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), calcium ammonium nitrate is applied as seedling fertilizer at a rate of 5.0-7.5 kg / mu.

4. The method for improving the yield and quality of muskmelon by applying foliar fertilizer to the soil as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The balanced ternary compound fertilizers in step (3) and step (5) are both powdered water-soluble fertilizers with N:P2O5:K2O=1:1:1; the high-phosphorus ternary compound fertilizer in step (4) is a powdered water-soluble fertilizer with N:P2O5:K2O=1:1.2-1.5:1; and the high-potassium ternary compound fertilizer in step (6) is a powdered water-soluble fertilizer with N:P2O5:K2O=1:0.3-0.5:2.0-2.

5.

5. The method for improving the yield and quality of muskmelon by applying foliar fertilizer to the soil as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the aqueous foliar fertilizer comprises the following components: P2O5 400-450 g / L, K2O 60-80 g / L, Ca 8-15 g / L, Mg 25-35 g / L, Mn 8-15 g / L, and Zn 3-5 g / L; the powder foliar fertilizer comprises the following components in weight percentage: N 2.5-3.0%, P2O5 6.5-7.0%, Ca 2-5%, Mg 5-10%, S 6.0-6.5%, B 0.5-0.8%, Cu 0.8-1.2%, Fe 2.0-2.5%, Mn 5-10%, Zn 8-15%, and Mo 0.05-0.08%.

6. The method for improving the yield and quality of muskmelon by applying foliar fertilizer to the soil as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), the aqueous foliar fertilizer contains the following components: P2O5 400-450 g / L, K2O 60-80 g / L, Ca 8-15 g / L, Mg 25-35 g / L, Mn 8-15 g / L, and Zn 3-5 g / L; the powder foliar fertilizer contains the following components in weight percentage: B 10-15%, Cu 0.2-0.5%, Fe 0.2-0.5%, Mn 0.2-0.5%, and Zn 5-6%.

7. The method for improving the yield and quality of muskmelon by applying foliar fertilizer to the soil as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The thick-skinned melon is Hami melon grown in a greenhouse.

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