Anti-cracking agent for preventing seedless litchi fruits from cracking before picking and composition screening
By using anti-cracking agent compositions of thibenebronone, 24-epiprassinolide and ammonium nitrate, the problem of cracking before the seedless lychee is solved, efficient and economical anti-cracking effect is achieved, and the operation process is simplified , reduces production costs.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411382602.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-07
AI Technical Summary
The fruit cracking rate of seedless lychees is high before harvesting, resulting in huge production losses. The existing anti-cracking methods have a long cycle, high cost and no obvious effect.
Using an anti-cracking agent composition, including thibenebronyl, 24-epiprassinolide and ammonium nitrate, the skin cell division and flesh growth are promoted during the critical period of fruit growth, and the flesh is reduced to break the skin by spraying the agent. risk.
It significantly reduces the rate of fruit cracking before the seedless lychee harvest, simplifies the operation process, improves the anti-crack effect, and reduces production costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN119257121A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention mainly relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, and in particular to a method for preventing seedless lychee fruits from cracking before harvesting. Background Art
[0002] Seedless lychees are a precious seedless lychee variety bred in Hainan, my country. They are a natural seedless lychee resource gifted to mankind by nature. At present, pre-harvest fruit cracking is one of the important problems that cause losses in the production process of seedless lychees. The fruit cracking rate is generally between 15% and 40%, and in some years it reaches 90%. The loss is huge, resulting in no fruit to sell in the entire orchard, which seriously affects the economic benefits of its cultivation.
[0003] At present, the traditional method for preventing seedless lychee fruit cracking mainly adopts comprehensive prevention methods, such as supplementing calcium, potassium, boron and other mineral nutrients in the young fruit stage, supplementing amino acid foliar fertilizer before harvesting, preventing soil moisture from changing too much before fruit harvesting, and other technical means to alleviate seedless lychee fruit cracking before harvesting. The traditional method requires careful operation to prevent fruit cracking from the young fruit stage to before the fruit matures in production, which has the problems of long implementation cycle, high cost, and unobvious anti-cracking effect, and is difficult to implement in actual production. Spraying anti-cracking agents is a method to solve the problem of easy fruit cracking of lychee fruits before harvesting in agricultural production. Therefore, the present invention provides an anti-cracking agent and composition screening for preventing seedless lychee fruit cracking before harvesting. Summary of the invention
[0004] In order to solve the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention discloses a method for preventing seedless lychee fruit from cracking before harvesting, which mainly solves the problem of seedless lychee fruit cracking before harvesting in the production of seedless lychee.
[0005] The present invention also provides a method for screening a composition of an anti-cracking agent for preventing seedless lychee fruits from cracking before harvesting, so as to screen out a high-efficiency anti-cracking agent ratio scheme.
[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:
[0007] The invention discloses an anti-cracking agent for preventing seedless lychee fruits from cracking before being harvested. The components of the anti-cracking agent include component A and component B.
[0008] The component A is one of thidiazuron or chlorfenapyr.
[0009] The component B is a brassinosteroid compound, and the brassinosteroid compound is 24-epibrassinolide.
[0010] The component C is a nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, specifically one of calcium ammonium nitrate or ammonium nitrate nitrogen fertilizers having nitrate groups;
[0011] The contents of component A and component B are as follows:
[0012] Thidiazuron or chlorfenapyr 0.5-20 mg / L
[0013] 24-Epibrassinolide 10μg-100μg / L
[0014] Calcium ammonium nitrate 0.5g-50g / L
[0015] The rest is solvent.
[0016] Preferably, the solvent is water and ethanol.
[0017] Preferably, the contents of the components of the anti-cracking agent are: 5 mg / L thidiazuron, 10 μg / L 24-epicassinolide and 20 g / L calcium ammonium nitrate, and the rest is solvent.
[0018] Preferably, the contents of the components of the anti-cracking agent are: 6 mg / L of chlorfenapyr, 10 μg / L of 24-epicassinolide and 20 g / L of calcium ammonium nitrate, and the rest are solvents.
[0019] A method for preventing seedless lychee fruit from cracking before harvest and screening of a composition thereof comprises the following steps:
[0020] 1) The first group of fruits were treated with a single dose of thidiazuron at 1 mg / L, 5 mg / L and 10 mg / L.
[0021] 2) The second group of fruits were treated with single doses of chlorfenapyr at 2 mg / L, 6 mg / L and 12 mg / L respectively.
[0022] 3) The third group of fruits were treated with a single dose of 0.1 μg / L, 1 μg / L and 10 μg / L 24-epibrassinolide.
[0023] 4) Thidiazuron and 24-epibrassinolide were compounded, wherein 5 mg / L of Thidiazuron and 10 μg / L of 24-epibrassinolide were used to treat the fruits of the fourth group.
[0024] 5) Chlorfenapyr and 24-epibrassinolide were compounded in a ratio of 6 mg / L thidiazuron and 12 μg / L 24-epibrassinolide to treat the fifth group of fruits.
[0025] 6) Thidiazuron and calcium ammonium nitrate were compounded in a ratio, wherein 5 mg / L of Thidiazuron and 20 g / L of calcium ammonium nitrate were used to treat the sixth group of fruits.
[0026] 7) Chlorpropamide and calcium ammonium nitrate were compounded in a ratio of 6 mg / L thidiazuron and 20 g / L calcium ammonium nitrate to treat the seventh group of fruits.
[0027] The above-mentioned agents were sprayed on the surface of the fruit when the fruit was about 4g in size. The humidity of the spraying liquid was such that the fruit surface was moist but no water was flowing. The number and quality of fruits in the five groups were the same.
[0028] The anti-cracking efficiency experiments were carried out on the seedless litchis treated with single doses of the above-mentioned thidiazuron, chlorforuzonium and 24-epibrassinolide, 20 g / L calcium ammonium nitrate, and the anti-cracking agent combinations of thidiazuron and 24-epibrassinolide, chlorforuzonium, 24-epibrassinolide and 2% calcium ammonium nitrate. The ratio of the anti-cracking agent composition with high efficiency was screened out by verifying the pre-harvest cracking rate (%) and the anti-cracking effect (%).
[0029] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0030] 1. The present invention provides a formula of an anti-cracking agent for preventing seedless lychee fruit from cracking before harvesting. Thidiazuron and chlorfenapyr in the anti-cracking composition are highly effective plant cytokinins, which can efficiently promote the cell division of plant tissues. Low concentrations of brassinosteroid compounds can significantly promote crop growth. Nitrate nitrogen fertilizers can quickly supplement the synthesis of amino acids, promote the synthesis of organic nutrients and the absorption of calcium from the peel. The three are used in combination to play a significant synergistic role in preventing seedless lychee fruit from cracking, quickly promote the cell division of the fruit peel, and make the peel grow faster, thereby giving the flesh a looser shell, thereby avoiding excessive growth of the flesh before harvesting, which may cause the flesh to burst the peel.
[0031] 2. A crack prevention agent for preventing seedless lychee fruits from cracking before harvesting and screening of combinations of crack prevention agents to screen out the best crack prevention ratio. The present invention mainly sprays the crack prevention agent during the critical period of fruit growth, and the steps are simple, which can effectively prevent seedless lychee fruits from cracking before harvesting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0032] Figure 1 This is a comparison result diagram of the combination scheme 1 of the present invention;
[0033] Figure 2 This is a comparison result diagram of combination scheme 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0034] The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope limited by the application.
[0035] Example 1
[0036] The invention discloses an anti-cracking agent for preventing seedless lychee fruits from cracking before being harvested. The anti-cracking agent comprises a component A, a component B and a component C. Component A adopts thidiazuron, component B adopts a brassinosteroid compound, component C is calcium ammonium nitrate, and the brassinosteroid compound adopts 24-epicrassinolide.
[0037] The content of each component of the component machine using the anti-cracking agent is: 5 mg / L of thidiazuron and 10 μg / L of 24-epibrassinolide. 5 mg / L of thidiazuron is dissolved in water, and 24-epibrassinolide is dissolved in ethanol. The components are mixed, 20 g / L of calcium ammonium nitrate is added, and water is supplemented until the resulting mixed solution is 100 L.
[0038] 1) In the late stage of seedless lychee fruit development, when the fruit begins to grow flesh, maintain soil moisture at 60% to 70% of the field's maximum water holding capacity. Avoid large-scale surface irrigation as much as possible. Use drip irrigation, micro-sprinkler irrigation or artificial watering as much as possible to prevent heavy rain from causing excessive fluctuations in soil moisture and resulting in lychee fruit cracking.
[0039] 2) Spray the above-mentioned pre-harvest anti-cracking preservative on seedless lychees 4 times in the 5th, 7th, 8th and 9th weeks after the fruit has anthesised; spray the pre-harvest anti-cracking agent evenly on the fruit and the whole fruit until it is moistened before 10 a.m. on a sunny day, and stop using the agent 7 days before harvest.
[0040] 3) At the same time, strictly implement the following litchi cultivation management to achieve the purpose of promoting the normal growth of litchi, enhancing the litchi's resistance to diseases and insect pests and preventing the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, including fertilization, irrigation, pruning, shoot control, flower and fruit protection, disease and pest control, timely harvesting, and garden cleaning and disinfection.
[0041] Example 2
[0042] The invention discloses an anti-cracking agent for preventing seedless lychee fruits from cracking before being harvested. The anti-cracking agent comprises component A, component B and component C. Component A is chlorfenapyr, component B is brassinosteroid compounds, component C is calcium ammonium nitrate, and the brassinosteroid compounds are 24-epicrassinolide.
[0043] The content of each component of the component machine using the anti-cracking agent is: 6 mg / L of chlorforcarbamide and 10 μg / L of 24-epibrassinolide. Dissolve 6 mg / L of chlorforcarbamide in water, dissolve 24-epibrassinolide in ethanol, mix the components, add 20 g / L of calcium ammonium nitrate, and add water until the resulting mixed solution is 100 L.
[0044] 1) In the late stage of seedless lychee fruit development, when the fruit begins to grow flesh, maintain soil moisture at 60% to 70% of the field's maximum water holding capacity. Avoid large-scale surface irrigation as much as possible. Use drip irrigation, micro-sprinkler irrigation or artificial watering as much as possible to prevent heavy rain from causing excessive fluctuations in soil moisture and resulting in lychee fruit cracking.
[0045] 2) Spray the above-mentioned pre-harvest anti-cracking preservative on seedless lychees 4 times in the 5th, 7th, 8th and 9th weeks after the fruit has anthesised; spray the pre-harvest anti-cracking agent evenly on the fruit and the whole fruit until it is moistened before 10 a.m. on a sunny day, and stop using the agent 7 days before harvest.
[0046] 3) At the same time, strictly implement the following litchi cultivation management to achieve the purpose of promoting the normal growth of litchi, enhancing the litchi's resistance to diseases and insect pests and preventing the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, including fertilization, irrigation, pruning, shoot control, flower and fruit protection, disease and pest control, timely harvesting, and garden cleaning and disinfection.
[0047] A method for preventing seedless lychee fruit from cracking before harvest and screening of a composition thereof comprises the following steps:
[0048] 1) The first group of fruits were treated with a single dose of thidiazuron at 1 mg / L, 5 mg / L and 10 mg / L.
[0049] 2) The second group of fruits were treated with single doses of chlorfenapyr at 2 mg / L, 6 mg / L and 12 mg / L respectively.
[0050] 3) The third group of fruits were treated with a single dose of 0.1 μg / L, 1 μg / L and 10 μg / L 24-epibrassinolide.
[0051] 4) Thidiazuron and 24-epibrassinolide were compounded in a ratio, wherein 5 mg / L of Thidiazuron and 10 μg / L of 24-epibrassinolide were used to treat the fourth group of fruits.
[0052] 5) Chlorfenapyr and 24-epibrassinolide were compounded in a ratio of 6 mg / L thidiazuron and 12 μg / L 24-epibrassinolide to treat the fifth group of fruits.
[0053] 6) Thidiazuron and calcium ammonium nitrate were compounded in a ratio, wherein 5 mg / L of Thidiazuron and 20 g / L of calcium ammonium nitrate were used to treat the sixth group of fruits.
[0054] 7) Chlorfenapyr and calcium ammonium nitrate were compounded in a ratio of 6 mg / L thidiazuron and 20 g / L calcium ammonium nitrate to treat the seventh group of fruits.
[0055] The above-mentioned agents were sprayed on the surface of the fruit when the fruit was about 4g in size. The spraying humidity was such that the fruit surface was moist and no water flowed. The number and quality of fruits in the five groups were the same;
[0056] The anti-cracking efficiency experiments were carried out on the seedless litchis treated with single doses of the above-mentioned thidiazuron, chlorfenapyr and 24-epibrassin lactone, and the combinations of thidiazuron and 24-epibrassin lactone, chlorfenapyr and 24-epibrassin lactone in composite proportions. The proportions of the anti-cracking agent compositions with high efficiency were screened out by verifying the pre-harvest fruit cracking rate (%) and the anti-cracking effect (%).
[0057] Experiments were conducted on related combinations of agents to obtain the data in the following table: Table 1 The efficiency of thidiazuron, chlorfenapyr, and 24-epibrassinolide in preventing pre-harvest fruit cracking of seedless litchi.
[0058]
[0059]
[0060] Table 1
[0061] From Table 1 above, it can be seen that the suitable concentration of thidiazuron for preventing cracking in seedless litchi is about 5 mg / L, chlorfenapyr is about 6 mg / L, and 24-epibrassinolide is in the range of 0.1μg / L-10μg / L. The effect gradually increases, but considering the economic cost, the recommended concentration is 10μg / L, and the more suitable concentration of calcium ammonium nitrate is 20g / L.
[0062] The combination of thidiazuron, chlorfenapyr with 24-epibrassinolide and calcium ammonium nitrate significantly improved the effect of preventing seedless lychee fruit cracking before harvesting. Therefore, when spraying the anti-cracking agent, the efficient combination scheme 1 can be 5 mg / L thidiazuron, 10 μg / L 24-epibrassinolide and 20 g / L calcium ammonium nitrate, and the combination scheme 2 can be 6 mg / L chlorfenapyr, 10 μg / L 24-epibrassinolide and 20 g / L calcium ammonium nitrate. When using the above-mentioned anti-cracking agent for preventing seedless lychee fruit cracking before harvesting, both Example 1 and Example 2 of the present invention are acceptable.
[0063] The brassinosteroid compounds may also be selected from 14-hydroxybrassinosteroid, 28-epihomobassinolide, 28-homobassinolide, and propionylbrassinolide to replace 24-epibrassinolide, and calcium ammonium nitrate may also be replaced by easily absorbed nitrate nitrogen fertilizers such as ammonium nitrate.
[0064] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. An anti-cracking agent for preventing seedless lychee fruits from cracking before harvest, characterized in that: The components of the anti-cracking agent include component A, component B and component C; The component A is one of thidiazuron or chlorfenapyr; The component B is a brassinosteroid compound, and the brassinosteroid compound is 24-epicrassinolide; The component C is a nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, specifically one of calcium ammonium nitrate or ammonium nitrate nitrogen fertilizers having nitrate groups; The contents of component A, component B and component C are as follows: Thidiazuron or chlorfenapyr 0.5-20 mg / L 24-Epibrassinolide 10μg-100μg / L Calcium ammonium nitrate 0.5g-50g / L The rest is solvent.
2. The anti-cracking agent for preventing seedless litchi fruit from cracking before harvesting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solvents are water and ethanol.
3. The anti-cracking agent for preventing seedless litchi fruit from cracking before harvesting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The components of the anti-cracking agent and the content of each component are: 5 mg / L of thidiazuron, 10 μg / L of 24-epicrassinolide, 2% of calcium ammonium nitrate, and the rest is solvent.
4. The anti-cracking agent for preventing seedless litchi fruit from cracking before harvesting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The components of the anti-cracking agent and the content of each component are: 6 mg / L of chlorfenapyr, 10 μg / L of 24-epicrassinolide, 2% of calcium ammonium nitrate, and the rest is solvent.
5. A method for preventing seedless lychee fruit from cracking before harvest and screening of a composition for preventing seedless lychee fruit from cracking before harvest, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) The first group of fruits were treated with a single dose of thidiazuron at 1 mg / L, 5 mg / L and 10 mg / L; 2) The second group of fruits were treated with a single dose of chlorfenapyr at 2 mg / L, 6 mg / L and 12 mg / L; 3) The third group of fruits were treated with a single dose of 0.1 μg / L, 1 μg / L and 10 μg / L of 24-epibrassinolide; 4) Thidiazuron and 24-epibrassinolide were compounded, wherein 5 mg / L of Thidiazuron and 10 μg / L of 24-epibrassinolide were used to treat the fruits of the fourth group; 5) a compound ratio of chlorfenapyr and 24-epibrassinolide, wherein 6 mg / L of thidiazuron and 12 μg / L of 24-epibrassinolide were used to treat the fifth group of fruits; 6) Thidiazuron and calcium ammonium nitrate were compounded in a ratio of 5 mg / L Thidiazuron and 20 g / L calcium ammonium nitrate to treat the sixth group of fruits; 7) chlorfenapyr and calcium ammonium nitrate were compounded in a ratio of 6 mg / L thidiazuron and 20 g / L calcium ammonium nitrate to treat the seventh group of fruits; The above-mentioned agents were sprayed on the surface of the fruit when the fruit was about 4g in size. The spraying humidity was such that the fruit surface was moist and no water flowed. The number and quality of fruits in the five groups were the same; The anti-cracking efficiency experiments were carried out on the seedless litchis treated with single doses of the above-mentioned thidiazuron, chlorfenapyr, 24-epibrassinolide and 2% calcium ammonium nitrate, and on the anti-cracking agent combinations of thidiazuron and 24-epibrassinolide, chlorfenapyr, 24-epibrassinolide and 20 g / L calcium ammonium nitrate. The ratio of the anti-cracking agent composition with high efficiency was screened out by verifying the pre-harvest cracking rate (%) and the anti-cracking effect (%).