Electric vehicle thermal management system based on fuel cell

Abstract

The invention provides an electric vehicle thermal management system based on a fuel cell. The electric vehicle thermal management system comprises an internal heat exchanger, a battery pack direct cooling plate, an external condenser, the fuel cell, an evaporator, a flash tank, a first four-way valve, a gas-liquid separator and a compressor. A first connector of the first four-way valve is connected with the compressor, a second connector of the first four-way valve is connected with the compressor through the gas-liquid separator, a third connector of the first four-way valve is connected with the internal heat exchanger, and the internal heat exchanger is connected with the battery pack direct cooling plate and the flash tank. The battery pack direct cooling plate and the flash tank are respectively connected with the evaporator through a sixth electromagnetic valve and a seventh electromagnetic valve; the evaporator is connected with a fourth interface of the first four-way valve through a ninth electromagnetic valve; control can be switched according to needs, so that a cabin and a battery of an automobile are in different thermal management modes, and the thermal management requirements of the automobile are met; in an extremely low temperature environment in winter, air supply and enthalpy increase are carried out through the flash tank, and the operation efficiency of the compressor is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of thermal management of electric vehicles, and in particular relates to a thermal management system of electric vehicles based on fuel cells. Background Art

[0002] Electric vehicles use traditional positive temperature coefficient heaters (PTC) to heat the cabin in winter, which will reduce the driving range of electric vehicles by about 30% in a charging cycle. In order to improve the driving range and heating efficiency of electric vehicles in winter, waste heat utilization technology and air replenishment enthalpy increase technology have developed rapidly.

[0003] Fuel cells have the characteristics of cogeneration, which can not only use the electricity generated by fuel cells, but also use the waste heat generated by the fuel cell stack as a stable heat source to heat the cabin. In extreme environments, the cooling and heating efficiency of heat pump air conditioning systems drops significantly, and the thermal management of various components of electric vehicles becomes more difficult.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to design a thermal management system that fits different thermal management systems and key technologies to form a complete and reasonable vehicle thermal management system, and a fuel cell-based electric vehicle thermal management system that meets the comfort and driving performance of electric vehicle cabins under different weather conditions to solve the current technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a thermal management system that fits different thermal management systems and key technologies to form a complete and reasonable vehicle thermal management system, which is a fuel cell-based electric vehicle thermal management system that meets the cabin comfort and driving performance of electric vehicles under different weather conditions.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is: a thermal management system for an electric vehicle based on a fuel cell, comprising: an internal heat exchanger, a battery pack direct cooling plate, an external condenser, a fuel cell, an evaporator, a flasher, a first four-way valve, a gas-liquid separator and a compressor; a first interface of the first four-way valve is connected to the compressor, a second interface of the first four-way valve is connected to the compressor through the gas-liquid separator, a third interface of the first four-way valve is connected to the internal heat exchanger, the internal heat exchanger is respectively connected to the battery pack direct cooling plate and the flasher, the battery pack direct cooling plate and the flasher are respectively connected to the evaporator through a sixth solenoid valve and a seventh solenoid valve, the evaporator is connected to the fourth interface of the first four-way valve through a ninth solenoid valve; the first The first interface of the four-way valve is connected to a first valve tube and a second valve tube, the first valve tube is connected to the internal heat exchanger through a first solenoid valve, and the second valve tube is connected to the direct cooling plate of the battery pack through a second solenoid valve; the internal heat exchanger is connected to a fourth valve tube and a fifth valve tube, the fourth valve tube is connected to the direct cooling plate of the battery pack through a fifth solenoid valve and a first electronic expansion valve, and the fifth valve tube is connected to the flasher through a fourth solenoid valve and a second electronic expansion valve; the fuel cell is connected to the external condenser through a first water pump; the flasher is connected to the compressor; a third electronic expansion valve is provided between the sixth solenoid valve, the seventh solenoid valve and the evaporator; and a gas supply pipeline and a hydrogen supply pipeline are connected to the fuel cell.

[0007] The fuel cell is connected to an eleventh valve tube and a twelfth valve tube, the twelfth valve tube is connected to the external condenser via a first water pump, the eleventh valve tube is connected to a phase change material heat exchanger via an eighth solenoid valve, and the phase change material heat exchanger is connected to the battery pack direct cooling plate via a second water pump.

[0008] The internal heat exchanger is connected to a third valve tube, and the third valve tube is connected to the third electronic expansion valve through a third solenoid valve.

[0009] The fuel cell-based electric vehicle thermal management system also includes an external heat exchanger. The third solenoid valve and the battery pack direct cooling plate are connected to the external heat exchanger through the tenth solenoid valve, and the external heat exchange is connected to the fourth interface of the first four-way valve.

[0010] A fuel cell thermal management circuit is connected to the fuel cell; the fuel cell thermal management circuit has a second four-way valve, a fourth water pump, the fuel cell, the evaporator, and a first three-way valve are connected between the first interface of the second four-way valve and the fourth interface of the second four-way valve, and a motor, a motor controller, a second three-way valve, and the radiator are connected between the second interface of the second four-way valve and the third interface of the second four-way valve.

[0011] The air supply line has an air compressor, a humidifier, and an intercooler which are sequentially connected between the external air and the fuel cell.

[0012] The hydrogen supply pipeline has a hydrogen tank, and a pressure reducing valve and a throttle valve are connected between the hydrogen tank and the fuel cell.

[0013] Beneficial effects of the present invention: (1) The present invention can switch control as needed, so that the cabin and battery of the vehicle are in different thermal management modes to meet their thermal management requirements; (2) In the extremely low temperature environment in winter, the present invention uses a flash device to supplement air and increase enthalpy, thereby improving the operating efficiency of the compressor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the thermal management system of an electric vehicle based on a fuel cell in the present invention.

[0015] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the cabin preheating battery pack preheating mode of the fuel cell-based electric vehicle thermal management system in the present invention.

[0016] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the cabin heating battery pack preheating mode of the fuel cell-based electric vehicle thermal management system in the present invention.

[0017] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the cabin heating battery pack cooling mode of the fuel cell-based electric vehicle thermal management system in the present invention.

[0018] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the cabin air replenishment enthalpy increase heating battery pack preheating mode of the fuel cell-based electric vehicle thermal management system in the present invention.

[0019] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the cabin air replenishment enthalpy increase heating battery pack cooling mode of the fuel cell-based electric vehicle thermal management system in the present invention.

[0020] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the cabin cooling battery pack cooling mode of the fuel cell-based electric vehicle thermal management system in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The description of the exemplary embodiments is merely illustrative and is not intended to be any limitation on the present invention and its application or use. The present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. These embodiments are provided to make the present invention thorough and complete and to fully express the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement of the parts and steps, the composition of the materials, the numerical expressions and the numerical values ​​set forth in these embodiments should be interpreted as being merely exemplary and not as limitations.

[0022] The words "first", "second" and similar words used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different parts. The words "include" or "comprise" and similar words mean that the elements before the word include the elements listed after the word, and do not exclude the possibility of including other elements. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0023] like Figure 1 , 5 , 6, a thermal management system for an electric vehicle based on a fuel cell comprises: an internal heat exchanger 6, a battery pack direct cooling plate 12, an external condenser 37, a fuel cell 19, an evaporator 28, a flasher 13, a first four-way valve 1, a gas-liquid separator 3 and a compressor 2; the first interface of the first four-way valve 1 is connected to the compressor 2, the second interface of the first four-way valve 1 is connected to the compressor 2 through the gas-liquid separator 3, the third interface of the first four-way valve 1 is connected to the internal heat exchanger 6, the internal heat exchanger 6 is respectively connected to the battery pack direct cooling plate 12 and the flasher 13, the battery pack direct cooling plate 12 and the flasher 13 are respectively connected to the evaporator 28 through the sixth solenoid valve 14 and the seventh solenoid valve 15, the evaporator 28 is connected to the fourth interface of the first four-way valve 1 through the ninth solenoid valve 31; the first interface of the first four-way valve 1 The first valve tube 101 and the second valve tube 102 are connected to the opening, the first valve tube 101 is connected to the internal heat exchanger 6 through the first solenoid valve 4, and the second valve tube 102 is connected to the battery pack direct cooling plate 12 through the second solenoid valve 5; the fourth valve tube 301 and the fifth valve tube 302 are connected to the internal heat exchanger 6, the fourth valve tube 301 is connected to the battery pack direct cooling plate 12 through the fifth solenoid valve 8 and the first electronic expansion valve 9, and the fifth valve tube 302 is connected to the flasher 13 through the fourth solenoid valve 10 and the second electronic expansion valve 11; the fuel cell 19 is connected to the external condenser through the first water pump; the flasher 13 is connected to the compressor 2; a third electronic expansion valve 33 is arranged between the sixth solenoid valve 14, the seventh solenoid valve 15 and the evaporator 28; the fuel cell 19 is connected to a gas supply pipeline and a hydrogen supply pipeline.

[0024] In the above embodiments, the thermal management system of the electric vehicle based on the fuel cell can realize the cabin air supply enthalpy increase heating battery pack preheating mode and the cabin air supply enthalpy increase heating battery pack cooling mode; the present invention can switch the control as needed to put the cabin and battery of the vehicle in different thermal management modes to meet its thermal management needs; among them, if Figure 5 As shown, in the cabin air replenishment enthalpy increase heating battery pack preheating mode, the first interface of the first four-way valve 1 is controlled to be connected with the third interface of the first four-way valve 1, and the second interface of the first four-way valve 1 is controlled to be connected with the fourth interface of the first four-way valve 1, and the first solenoid valve 4, the second solenoid valve 5, the fourth solenoid valve 10, the sixth solenoid valve 14, the seventh solenoid valve 15, and the ninth solenoid valve 31 are controlled to be opened, so that the refrigerant flows through the compressor 2 and is divided into two paths, respectively flowing through the battery pack direct cooling plate 12 and the internal heat exchanger 6, the second electronic expansion valve 11, and the flasher 13, and then flows through the third electronic expansion valve 33, the evaporator 28, and the gas-liquid separator 3 to flow back to the compressor 2, and the air is preheated by the external condenser 37 and then enters the cabin through the internal heat exchanger 6; as shown Figure 6 As shown, in the cabin air replenishment and reheating battery pack cooling mode, the first interface of the first four-way valve 1 is controlled to be connected to the third interface of the first four-way valve 1, and the second interface of the first four-way valve 1 is controlled to be connected to the fourth interface of the first four-way valve 1; the first solenoid valve 4, the fourth solenoid valve 10, the fifth solenoid valve 8, the sixth solenoid valve 14, the seventh solenoid valve 15, and the ninth solenoid valve 31 are controlled to be opened, so that the refrigerant flows through the compressor 2 and the internal heat exchanger 6 in sequence and is divided into two paths, respectively flowing through the first electronic expansion valve 9, the battery pack direct cooling plate 12 and the second electronic expansion valve 11, and the flasher 13, and then flows through the third electronic expansion valve 33, the evaporator 28, and the gas-liquid separator 3 to flow back to the compressor 2, and the air is preheated by the external condenser 37 and then enters the cabin through the internal heat exchanger 6; in this embodiment, in the extremely low temperature environment in winter, air replenishment and reheating are performed through the flasher to improve the operating efficiency of the compressor.

[0025] In some embodiments, Figure 2 As shown, the fuel cell 19 is connected to an eleventh valve tube 601 and a twelfth valve tube 602, the twelfth valve tube 602 is connected to the external condenser 37 through the first water pump 36, the eleventh valve tube 601 is connected to the phase change material heat exchanger 17 through the eighth solenoid valve 18, and the phase change material heat exchanger 17 is connected to the battery pack direct cooling plate 12 through the second water pump 16; this embodiment can realize the cabin preheating battery pack preheating mode, in the cabin preheating battery pack preheating mode, the eighth solenoid valve 18 is controlled to open, air flows through the air supply pipeline into the fuel cell 19, hydrogen enters the fuel cell 19 from the hydrogen supply pipeline, the two react to generate high-temperature water vapor that flows through the phase change material heat exchanger 17 and the external condenser 37 respectively, to preheat the battery pack and the air entering the cabin.

[0026] In some embodiments, Figure 3 As shown, the internal heat exchanger 6 is connected to a third valve tube 201, and the third valve tube 201 is connected to the third electronic expansion valve 33 through the third solenoid valve 7; this embodiment can realize the cabin heating battery pack preheating mode, in which the first interface of the first four-way valve 1 is controlled to be connected to the third interface of the first four-way valve 1, and the second interface of the first four-way valve 1 is controlled to be connected to the fourth interface of the first four-way valve 1, and the first solenoid valve 4, the second solenoid valve 5, the third solenoid valve 7, the sixth solenoid valve 14, and the ninth solenoid valve 31 are controlled to be opened; the refrigerant is divided into two paths after flowing through the compressor 2, respectively flowing through the internal heat exchanger 6 and the battery pack direct cooling plate 12, and then flowing through the evaporator 28 and the gas-liquid separator 3; the air is preheated by the external condenser 37 and then enters the cabin through the internal heat exchanger 6.

[0027] In some embodiments, Figure 4 As shown, the thermal management system of the electric vehicle based on the fuel cell also includes an external heat exchanger 32, the third solenoid valve 7 and the battery pack direct cooling plate 12 are connected to the external heat exchanger 32 through the tenth solenoid valve 34, and the external heat exchanger 32 is connected to the fourth interface of the first four-way valve 1; this embodiment can realize the cabin heating battery pack cooling mode, in the cabin heating battery pack cooling mode, the first interface of the first four-way valve 1 is controlled to be connected to the third interface of the first four-way valve 1, and the second interface of the first four-way valve 1 is controlled to be connected to the fourth interface of the first four-way valve 1; the first solenoid valve 4, the fifth solenoid valve 8, the sixth solenoid valve 14, and the ninth solenoid valve 31 are controlled to be opened; so that the refrigerant flows through the compressor 2, the internal heat exchanger 6, the first electronic expansion valve 9, the battery pack direct cooling plate 12, the third electronic expansion valve 33, the evaporator 28, and the gas-liquid separator 3 in sequence; the air is preheated by the external condenser 37 and then enters the cabin through the internal heat exchanger 6.

[0028] In the above embodiment, the cabin cooling battery pack cooling mode can also be implemented, such as Figure 7 As shown, in the cabin refrigeration battery pack cooling mode, the first interface of the first four-way valve 1 is controlled to be connected to the fourth interface of the first four-way valve 1, and the second interface of the first four-way valve 1 is controlled to be connected to the third interface of the first four-way valve 1; the first solenoid valve 4, the second solenoid valve 5, the third solenoid valve 7, the sixth solenoid valve 14, and the tenth solenoid valve 34 are controlled to be opened, so that the refrigerant flows through the compressor 2, the external heat exchanger 32, and the third electronic expansion valve 33 respectively and then is divided into two paths, respectively flowing through the battery pack direct cooling plate 12 and the internal heat exchanger 6, and then flows through the gas-liquid separator 3, and the air enters the cabin through the internal heat exchanger 6.

[0029] In some embodiments, a fuel cell thermal management circuit is connected to the fuel cell 19; the fuel cell thermal management circuit has a second four-way valve 22, and a fourth water pump 20, a fuel cell 19, an evaporator 28, and a first three-way valve 21 are connected between the first interface of the second four-way valve 22 and the fourth interface of the second four-way valve 22, and a motor 24, a motor controller 25, a second three-way valve 26, and a radiator 27 are connected between the second interface of the second four-way valve 22 and the third interface of the second four-way valve 22.

[0030] In the above embodiments, when the cabin and the battery are in different thermal management modes, the corresponding fuel cell thermal management circuit operating states are different. In the cabin air supply enthalpy heating battery pack preheating mode, cabin air supply enthalpy heating battery pack cooling mode, cabin heating battery pack preheating mode, and cabin heating battery pack cooling mode, for example Figures 2 to 6 As shown, the first interface of the second four-way valve 22 is controlled to be connected with the second interface of the second four-way valve 22, the third interface of the second four-way valve 22 is connected with the fourth interface of the second four-way valve 22, the first three-way valve 21 is controlled to make the first three-way valve 21 connected with the fourth interface of the second four-way valve 22 and the evaporator 28 respectively, the second three-way valve 26 is controlled to make the second three-way valve 26 connected with the motor controller 25 and the third interface of the second four-way valve 22 respectively, and the coolant flows through the fuel cell 19, the fourth water pump 20, the third water pump 23, the motor 24, the motor controller 25, and the evaporator 28 in sequence through the cooling pipeline; in the cabin refrigeration battery pack cooling mode, as shown Figure 7 As shown, the first interface of the second four-way valve 22 is controlled to be connected with the second interface of the second four-way valve 22, the third interface of the second four-way valve 22 is controlled to be connected with the fourth interface of the second four-way valve 22, the first three-way valve 21 is controlled to connect the first three-way valve 21 to the fourth interface of the second four-way valve 22 and the fuel cell 19 respectively, the second three-way valve 26 is controlled to connect the second three-way valve 26 to the motor controller 25 and the radiator 27 respectively, and the coolant flows through the fuel cell 19, the fourth water pump 20, the third water pump 23, the motor 24, the motor controller 25, and the radiator 27 in sequence.

[0031] In the above embodiment, by controlling the switching of the first four-way valve, the second four-way valve and other valves, the cabin, battery pack, fuel cell and motor can meet their thermal management needs in different environments. Under low temperature conditions in winter, the flasher is used to supplement air and increase enthalpy to improve the operating efficiency of the compressor. At the same time, a coolant heat pump is used instead of a traditional air source heat pump to fully utilize the waste heat of the fuel cell and the motor as a stable heat source to heat the cabin.

[0032] In some embodiments, the air supply line has an air compressor 40, a humidifier 39 and an intercooler 38 which are sequentially connected between the external air and the fuel cell 19; wherein the humidifier 39 can also be replaced by a drying filter as needed.

[0033] In some embodiments, the hydrogen supply pipeline has a hydrogen tank 35 , and a pressure reducing valve 30 and a throttle valve 29 are connected between the hydrogen tank 25 and the fuel cell 19 .

[0034] So far, various embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail. In order to avoid obscuring the concept of the present invention, some details known in the art are not described. Based on the above description, those skilled in the art can fully understand how to implement the technical solution disclosed here.

[0035] The above-mentioned embodiments only express some implementation methods of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be based on the attached claims.

Claims

1. A thermal management system for an electric vehicle based on a fuel cell, characterized in that: include: Internal heat exchanger, battery pack direct cooling plate, external condenser, fuel cell, evaporator, flasher, first four-way valve, gas-liquid separator and compressor; The first interface of the first four-way valve is connected to the compressor, the second interface of the first four-way valve is connected to the compressor through the gas-liquid separator, the third interface of the first four-way valve is connected to the internal heat exchanger, the internal heat exchanger is respectively connected to the battery pack direct cooling plate and the flasher, the battery pack direct cooling plate and the flasher are respectively connected to the evaporator through the sixth solenoid valve and the seventh solenoid valve, and the evaporator is connected to the fourth interface of the first four-way valve through the ninth solenoid valve; A first valve pipe and a second valve pipe are connected to the first interface of the first four-way valve, the first valve pipe is connected to the internal heat exchanger through a first solenoid valve, and the second valve pipe is connected to the battery pack direct cooling plate through a second solenoid valve; The internal heat exchanger is connected to a fourth valve pipe and a fifth valve pipe, the fourth valve pipe is connected to the battery pack direct cooling plate through a fifth solenoid valve and a first electronic expansion valve, and the fifth valve pipe is connected to the flasher through a fourth solenoid valve and a second electronic expansion valve; The fuel cell is connected to the external condenser via a first water pump; The flasher is connected to the compressor; A third electronic expansion valve is provided between the sixth solenoid valve, the seventh solenoid valve and the evaporator; The fuel cell is connected to a gas supply pipeline and a hydrogen supply pipeline.

2. The fuel cell-based electric vehicle thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel cell is connected to an eleventh valve tube and a twelfth valve tube, the twelfth valve tube is connected to the external condenser via a first water pump, the eleventh valve tube is connected to a phase change material heat exchanger via an eighth solenoid valve, and the phase change material heat exchanger is connected to the battery pack direct cooling plate via a second water pump.

3. The fuel cell-based electric vehicle thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The internal heat exchanger is connected to a third valve tube, and the third valve tube is connected to the third electronic expansion valve through a third solenoid valve.

4. The thermal management system of an electric vehicle based on a fuel cell according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes an external heat exchanger. The third solenoid valve and the battery pack direct cooling plate are connected to the external heat exchanger through the tenth solenoid valve, and the external heat exchange is connected to the fourth interface of the first four-way valve.

5. The thermal management system of an electric vehicle based on a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel cell is connected to a fuel cell thermal management circuit; The fuel cell thermal management circuit has a second four-way valve, and a fourth water pump, the fuel cell, the evaporator, and the first three-way valve are connected between the first interface of the second four-way valve and the fourth interface of the second four-way valve, and a motor, a motor controller, a second three-way valve, and the radiator are connected between the second interface of the second four-way valve and the third interface of the second four-way valve.

6. The thermal management system of an electric vehicle based on a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air supply line has an air compressor, a humidifier, and an intercooler which are sequentially connected between the external air and the fuel cell.

7. The fuel cell-based electric vehicle thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen supply pipeline has a hydrogen tank, and a pressure reducing valve and a throttle valve are connected between the hydrogen tank and the fuel cell.

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