Power generation system capable of treating hazardous waste and various garbage
Through multi-point feeding and hierarchical and classified combustion technology, the problem of incinerators not easy to control combustion when dealing with a variety of garbage and hazardous waste is solved, efficient combustion of waste and power conversion is achieved, and the risks of waste slag generation and system blockage are reduced. .
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411660584.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-07
AI Technical Summary
When existing incinerators deal with a variety of garbage and hazardous waste, combustion is difficult to control due to low calorific value or unstable, resulting in large amounts of waste slag and may lead to system blockage.
Using multi-point feeding and hierarchical combustion, the pre-combustion furnace, cyclone separator and multiple burners are used in combination to ensure that the waste is fully burned, and the efficient waste disposal capacity of the rotary kiln is used, combining waste heat boiler and steam turbine system Perform efficient power conversion.
It improves energy utilization, ensures that waste is fully burned, reduces waste slag generation, avoids system blockage, and achieves efficient power conversion and flue gas treatment.
Smart Images
Figure CN119267917A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of waste power generation, and in particular to a power generation system capable of processing hazardous waste and various types of garbage. Background Art
[0002] Incineration is a high-temperature treatment technology. After high-temperature incineration, hazardous waste can reduce its volume and reduce or remove harmful substances. The high-temperature flue gas generated by incineration can be used to generate high-temperature steam through heat exchange in the waste heat boiler, which is used for heating and power generation, and energy recovery. The process flow of hazardous waste incineration and the structural form of the incinerator are mainly related to the type, nature and combustion characteristics of the waste. At present, the main types of furnaces used for incineration are grate incinerators, fluidized bed incinerators, vertical incinerators and rotary kilns. Grate incinerators are mainly used for the incineration of domestic waste, fluidized bed incinerators are mainly used for the combustion of homogeneous fuels, and vertical incinerators are mainly used for the direct combustion of liquids and gases. The rotary kiln can fully burn the garbage in the furnace body through its own continuous operation, and move in the direction of the furnace body until it is burned out. The rotary kiln is mainly used for the incineration of hazardous waste and medical waste, and can handle various forms of waste such as solid waste, liquid waste, and gaseous waste.
[0003] The types of garbage processed by the existing grate incinerator, fluidized bed incinerator and vertical incinerator are relatively single, and none of them can process multiple types of garbage and hazardous waste, namely medical waste, at the same time. Moreover, the garbage processing capacity of these three incinerators is smaller than that of rotary kilns. Although rotary kilns have high equipment utilization, low carbon content in ash, low excess air volume, and low harmful gas emissions, they have the following defects when incinerating garbage: When rotary kilns process hazardous waste, medical waste, solids, liquids and other wastes, the combustion is often difficult to control due to the low or unstable calorific value of the waste, resulting in incomplete combustion and a large amount of waste residue. It also causes crusting and coking, which can lead to blockage of the entire system.
[0004] To this end, a power generation system that can process hazardous waste and various types of garbage is proposed. It uses a multi-point feeding method to carry out graded and classified combustion, fully utilize the heat of the garbage itself, improve energy utilization, and give full play to the garbage treatment capacity of the rotary kiln. Summary of the invention
[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a power generation system that can process hazardous waste and various types of garbage. It solves the problem that when a rotary kiln processes various types of waste, the combustion is often difficult to control due to the low calorific value or unstable calorific value of the garbage, resulting in incomplete combustion of the waste, thereby generating a large amount of waste slag, and also causing crusting and coking, which leads to blockage of the entire system.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a power generation system capable of treating hazardous waste and various types of garbage, comprising a garbage incineration component, a first power generation component, a second power generation component and a flue gas treatment component, wherein the input ends of the first power generation component and the second power generation component are both connected to the garbage incineration component through an air duct, and the output ends of the first power generation component and the second power generation component are both connected to the flue gas treatment component through an air duct; The waste incineration assembly comprises a rotary kiln, a material inlet end of the rotary kiln is connected with a smoke chamber, a top of the smoke chamber is connected with a pre-combustion furnace, a first flue gas denitration assembly, a first waste feeding assembly and a first coal supply assembly are sequentially arranged on the periphery of the pre-combustion furnace from top to bottom, an air outlet at the top of the pre-combustion furnace is connected with a cyclone separator through an air duct, a material outlet of the cyclone separator is connected with the smoke chamber through a feed pipe, a second waste feeding assembly is connected with one side of the smoke chamber, a second combustion chamber is connected with the material outlet of the rotary kiln, a first burner, a second burner and a second flue gas denitration assembly are sequentially arranged on the periphery of the second combustion chamber from bottom to top, the second burner and the first burner both pass through the second combustion chamber and are inserted into the interior of the rotary kiln, the second burner is connected with the second coal supply assembly, and the first burner is respectively connected with the third waste feeding assembly and the first fan through pipelines; The smoke outlet of the secondary combustion chamber is communicated with the first power generation component through an air duct, and the smoke outlet of the cyclone separator is communicated with the second power generation component through an air duct.
[0007] The present invention is further configured as follows: the first power generation component includes a first waste heat boiler, the flue gas outlet of the first waste heat boiler is connected to the second fan, the hot gas outlet of the first waste heat boiler is connected to the first steam turbine, the first steam turbine is connected to the first generator through a wire, the air outlet end of the first steam turbine is connected to the first condenser, the heat exchange inlet and outlet of the first condenser are both connected to the first cooling tower through a pipeline, and the air outlet end of the first condenser is connected to the cold air inlet of the first waste heat boiler.
[0008] The present invention is further configured such that: the smoke outlet of the secondary combustion chamber is connected to the smoke inlet of the first waste heat boiler through an air duct.
[0009] The present invention is further configured as follows: the second power generation component includes a second waste heat boiler, the flue gas outlet of the second waste heat boiler is connected to a third fan, the hot gas outlet of the second waste heat boiler is connected to a second steam turbine, the second steam turbine is connected to a second generator via a wire, the air outlet end of the second steam turbine is connected to a second condenser, the heat exchange inlet and outlet of the second condenser are both connected to a second cooling tower via a pipeline, and the air outlet end of the second condenser is connected to a cold air inlet of the second waste heat boiler.
[0010] The present invention is further configured such that: the flue gas outlet of the cyclone separator is connected to the flue gas inlet of the second waste heat boiler through an air duct.
[0011] The present invention is further configured as follows: the flue gas treatment component includes a semi-dry neutralization reaction tower, the top of the semi-dry neutralization reaction tower is connected to a third flue gas denitrification component, the output end of the semi-dry neutralization reaction tower is connected to a bag dust collector through a conveying pipe, and the conveying pipe is connected to a dry powder injection component and an activated carbon injection component from left to right in sequence, the output end of the bag dust collector is connected to a fourth fan through a pipe, and the output end of the fourth fan is connected to the chimney inlet.
[0012] The present invention is further configured such that the output ends of the second fan and the third fan are both connected to the air inlet of the semi-dry neutralization reaction tower through a pipeline.
[0013] The present invention is further configured as follows: a first air cannon group is fixedly installed at the bottom of the pre-combustion furnace, a second air cannon group is fixedly installed at the bottom of the smoke chamber, and a third air cannon group is fixedly installed at the bottom of the cyclone separator.
[0014] The present invention is further configured such that: the first waste feeding assembly is used to convey hazardous waste to the pre-combustion furnace, wherein the hazardous waste includes medical waste; The second garbage feeding assembly is used to transport biomass garbage into the smoke chamber, and the third garbage feeding assembly is used to transport non-hazardous solid garbage into the first burner.
[0015] The present invention is further configured as follows: the biomass waste includes one or more of wood chips, straw, forestry waste, and livestock and poultry manure, and the calorific value of the biomass waste is between 14GJ / T and 16GJ / T; The non-hazardous solid waste includes one or more of plastic, paper, wood, rubber, textiles, and fluff, and the calorific value of the non-hazardous solid waste is between 17GJ / T and 19GJ / T.
[0016] The present invention provides a power generation system that can process hazardous waste and various types of garbage. It has the following beneficial effects: (1) The present invention classifies and transports waste in layers by configuring the first garbage feeding assembly, the second garbage feeding assembly and the third garbage feeding assembly, and combusts the waste in stages by configuring the pre-combustion furnace, the first coal supply assembly, the smoke chamber, the rotary kiln and the second coal supply assembly. In this way, the waste is combusted in a multi-point feeding and graded and classified combustion manner, which can fully utilize the heat of the garbage itself, improve the energy utilization rate, and fully utilize the garbage treatment capacity of the rotary kiln. In combination with the configuration of the first power generation assembly and the second power generation assembly, efficient electrical energy conversion of the waste is achieved.
[0017] (2) The present invention introduces the incompletely burned materials raised in the pre-combustion furnace into the smoke chamber for re-combustion through a cyclone separator, and cooperates with the arrangement of the first air cannon group, the second air cannon group and the third air cannon group to raise the unburned waste, thereby providing further guarantee for the complete combustion of the waste. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the system architecture of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the waste incineration assembly of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the first power generation component of the present invention; Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the second power generation assembly of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the flue gas treatment component of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a connection diagram of the pre-combustion furnace, cyclone separator, first flue gas denitrification component, first garbage feeding component, first coal supply component, second garbage feeding component, smoke chamber, first air cannon group, second air cannon group and third air cannon group structure of the present invention.
[0019] In the figure: 1. Pre-combustion furnace; 2. Cyclone separator; 3. First flue gas denitrification component; 4. First garbage feeding component; 5. First coal supply component; 6. Second garbage feeding component; 7. Smoke chamber; 8. Rotary kiln; 9. Second combustion chamber; 10. First burner; 11. Second burner; 12. Second coal supply component; 13. Third garbage feeding component; 14. First fan; 15. Second flue gas denitrification component; 16. First waste heat boiler; 17. Second fan; 18. First cooling tower; 19. First generator; 20. The first condenser; 21. The first steam turbine; 22. The second waste heat boiler; 23. The third fan; 24. The second steam turbine; 25. The second generator; 26. The second cooling tower; 27. The second condenser; 28. The third flue gas denitrification component; 29. The semi-dry neutralization reaction tower; 30. The dry powder injection component; 31. The activated carbon injection component; 32. The bag dust collector; 33. The fourth fan; 34. The chimney; 35. The first air cannon group; 36. The second air cannon group; 37. The third air cannon group. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0020] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
[0021] See also Figure 1-6The embodiment of the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a power generation system capable of treating hazardous waste and various types of garbage, comprising a garbage incineration component, the garbage incineration component comprising a rotary kiln 8, the temperature in the rotary kiln 8 being between 1200°C and 1300°C, the material inlet end of the rotary kiln 8 being connected to a smoke chamber 7, the top of the smoke chamber 7 being connected to a pre-combustion furnace 1, the periphery of the pre-combustion furnace 1 being sequentially provided with a first flue gas denitrification component 3, a first garbage feeding component 4 and a first coal supply component 5 from top to bottom, wherein the first garbage feeding component 4 is used In order to transport hazardous wastes, including medical wastes, to the pre-combustion furnace 1, the hazardous waste treatment efficiency is improved by pre-combustion of the hazardous wastes. In order to increase the airborne time of the hazardous wastes so as to facilitate full combustion, a first air cannon group 35 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the pre-combustion furnace 1. It should be noted that the temperature distribution in the pre-combustion furnace 1 is as follows: the bottom temperature is 1100℃-1200℃, the middle temperature is 1000℃-1100℃, and the upper temperature is 900℃-1000℃.
[0022] The top air outlet of the pre-combustion furnace 1 is connected to the cyclone separator 2 through an air duct, the discharge port of the cyclone separator 2 is connected to the smoke chamber 7 through a feed pipe, and a third air cannon group 37 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the cyclone separator 2.
[0023] One side of the smoke chamber 7 is connected to a second garbage feeding assembly 6, which is used to transport biomass garbage into the smoke chamber 7. The biomass garbage includes one or more of wood chips, straw, forestry waste, and livestock and poultry manure. It should be noted that the calorific value of the biomass garbage is controlled between 14GJ / T and 16GJ / T. The material outlet of the rotary kiln 8 is connected to a secondary combustion chamber 9. The outer periphery of the secondary combustion chamber 9 is sequentially provided with a first burner 10, a second burner 11, and a second flue gas denitrification assembly 15 from bottom to top. The second burner 1 1 and the first burner 10 both pass through the secondary combustion chamber 9 and are inserted into the interior of the rotary kiln 8, the second burner 11 is connected to the second coal supply assembly 12, the first burner 10 is connected to the third garbage feeding assembly 13 and the first fan 14 through pipelines, the third garbage feeding assembly 13 is used to transport non-hazardous solid garbage to the first burner 10, the non-hazardous solid garbage includes one or more of plastics, paper, wood, rubber, textiles, and fluff, and the calorific value of the non-hazardous solid garbage is controlled between 17GJ / T and 19GJ / T.
[0024] As a preferred solution, in order to realize the conversion of combustion heat energy into electrical energy, the flue gas outlet of the secondary combustion chamber 9 is connected to the first power generation component through an air duct, wherein the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the secondary combustion chamber 9 is about 1200°C, and the first power generation component includes a first waste heat boiler 16, and the flue gas outlet of the secondary combustion chamber 9 is connected to the flue gas inlet of the first waste heat boiler 16 through an air duct, and the flue gas outlet of the first waste heat boiler 16 is connected to the second fan 17, and the hot gas outlet of the first waste heat boiler 16 is connected to the first steam turbine 21, and the first steam turbine 21 is connected to the first generator 19 through a wire, and the air outlet end of the first steam turbine 21 is connected to the first condenser 20, and the heat exchange inlet and outlet of the first condenser 20 are both connected to the first cooling tower 18 through a pipeline, and the air outlet end of the first condenser 20 is connected to the cold air inlet of the first waste heat boiler 16.
[0025] As a preferred solution, in order to realize the conversion of combustion heat energy into electrical energy, the flue gas outlet of the cyclone separator 2 is connected to the second power generation component through an air duct, the temperature of the flue gas at the top flue gas outlet of the cyclone separator 2 is between 800°C and 900°C, the second power generation component includes a second waste heat boiler 22, the flue gas outlet of the cyclone separator 2 is connected to the flue gas inlet of the second waste heat boiler 22 through an air duct, the flue gas outlet of the second waste heat boiler 22 is connected to a third fan 23, the hot gas outlet of the second waste heat boiler 22 is connected to a second steam turbine 24, the second steam turbine 24 is connected to a second generator 25 through a wire, the air outlet end of the second steam turbine 24 is connected to a second condenser 27, the heat exchange inlet and outlet of the second condenser 27 are both connected to the second cooling tower 26 through a pipeline, and the air outlet end of the second condenser 27 is connected to the cold air inlet of the second waste heat boiler 22.
[0026] As a preferred solution, in order to achieve environmentally friendly emission of combustion flue gas, the output ends of the first power generation component and the second power generation component are connected to the flue gas treatment component through an air duct, and the flue gas treatment component includes a semi-dry neutralization reaction tower 29, and the output ends of the second fan 17 and the third fan 23 are connected to the air inlet of the semi-dry neutralization reaction tower 29 through a pipeline, and the top of the semi-dry neutralization reaction tower 29 is connected to the third flue gas denitrification component 28, and the output end of the semi-dry neutralization reaction tower 29 is connected to the bag dust collector 32 through a conveying pipeline, and the conveying pipeline is connected to the dry powder injection component 30 and the activated carbon injection component 31 from left to right in sequence, and the output end of the bag dust collector 32 is connected to the fourth fan 33 through a pipeline, and the output end of the fourth fan 33 is connected to the entrance of the chimney 34.
[0027] The method of using the above-mentioned waste incineration component includes: The hazardous waste is fed from the first garbage feeding assembly 4 into the pre-combustion furnace 1, and the hazardous waste that is not completely burned in the pre-combustion furnace 1 enters the smoke chamber 7 for further burning, and the hazardous waste that is not completely burned in the smoke chamber 7 enters the rotary kiln 8 for further burning, and is completely burned in the rotary kiln 8; The biomass waste is fed into the smoke chamber 7 from the second waste feeding assembly 6, and the biomass waste that is not completely burned in the smoke chamber 7 enters the rotary kiln 8 to continue burning and is completely burned in the rotary kiln 8; The high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion in the rotary kiln 8, the smoke chamber 7 and the pre-combustion furnace 1 enters the second waste heat boiler 22 through the cyclone separator 2 under the negative pressure of the third fan 23, and supplies energy to the second steam turbine 24, so that the second generator 25 generates electricity; Non-hazardous solid waste is fed into the first burner 10 from the third waste feeding assembly 13. The high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion in the secondary combustion chamber 9 enters the first waste heat boiler 16 under the negative pressure of the second fan 17, and supplies energy to the first steam turbine 21, so that the first generator 19 generates electricity.
[0028] The high-temperature flue gas after heat exchange is transported by the second fan 17 and the third fan 23 to the semi-dry neutralization reaction tower 29 for neutralization treatment, and then adsorbed by the dry powder injection component 30 and the activated carbon injection component 31. After dust removal by the bag filter 32, it is transported to the chimney 34 under the negative pressure of the fourth fan 33 and discharged into the external environment.
[0029] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical method of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical method of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical method of the present invention.
Claims
1. A power generation system capable of treating hazardous waste and various types of garbage, comprising a garbage incineration component, a first power generation component, a second power generation component and a flue gas treatment component, characterized in that: The input ends of the first power generation component and the second power generation component are both connected to the waste incineration component through the air duct, and the output ends of the first power generation component and the second power generation component are both connected to the flue gas treatment component through the air duct; The waste incineration component comprises a rotary kiln (8), the material inlet end of the rotary kiln (8) is connected to a smoke chamber (7), the top of the smoke chamber (7) is connected to a pre-combustion furnace (1), the outer periphery of the pre-combustion furnace (1) is provided with a first flue gas denitration component (3), a first waste feeding component (4) and a first coal supply component (5) in sequence from top to bottom, the top air outlet of the pre-combustion furnace (1) is connected to a cyclone separator (2) through an air duct, the material outlet of the cyclone separator (2) is connected to the smoke chamber (7) through a feed pipe, and one side of the smoke chamber (7) is connected to a second waste feeding component (5). The rotary kiln (8) is connected to a secondary combustion chamber (9) at a material outlet thereof, and a first burner (10), a second burner (11) and a second flue gas denitration component (15) are sequentially arranged on the outer periphery of the secondary combustion chamber (9) from bottom to top, the second burner (11) and the first burner (10) both pass through the secondary combustion chamber (9) and are inserted into the interior of the rotary kiln (8), the second burner (11) is connected to a second coal supply component (12), and the first burner (10) is connected to a third garbage feeding component (13) and a first fan (14) through pipelines; The smoke outlet of the secondary combustion chamber (9) is connected to the first power generation component through an air duct, and the smoke outlet of the cyclone separator (2) is connected to the second power generation component through an air duct.
2. A power generation system capable of treating hazardous waste and various types of garbage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first power generation component comprises a first waste heat boiler (16); a smoke outlet of the first waste heat boiler (16) is connected to a second fan (17); a hot gas outlet of the first waste heat boiler (16) is connected to a first steam turbine (21); the first steam turbine (21) is connected to a first generator (19) via a conductor; an air outlet of the first steam turbine (21) is connected to a first condenser (20); a heat exchange inlet and outlet of the first condenser (20) are both connected to a first cooling tower (18) via a pipeline; and an air outlet of the first condenser (20) is connected to a cold air inlet of the first waste heat boiler (16).
3. A power generation system capable of treating hazardous waste and various types of garbage according to claim 2, characterized in that: The flue gas outlet of the secondary combustion chamber (9) is connected to the flue gas inlet of the first waste heat boiler (16) via an air duct.
4. A power generation system capable of treating hazardous waste and various types of garbage according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second power generation component comprises a second waste heat boiler (22); the flue gas outlet of the second waste heat boiler (22) is connected to a third fan (23); the hot gas outlet of the second waste heat boiler (22) is connected to a second steam turbine (24); the second steam turbine (24) is connected to a second generator (25) via a conductor; the gas outlet of the second steam turbine (24) is connected to a second condenser (27); the heat exchange inlet and outlet of the second condenser (27) are both connected to a second cooling tower (26) via a pipeline; and the gas outlet of the second condenser (27) is connected to a cold gas inlet of the second waste heat boiler (22).
5. A power generation system capable of treating hazardous waste and various types of garbage according to claim 4, characterized in that: The flue gas outlet of the cyclone separator (2) is connected to the flue gas inlet of the second waste heat boiler (22) via an air duct.
6. A power generation system capable of treating hazardous waste and various types of garbage according to claim 4, characterized in that: The flue gas treatment component comprises a semi-dry neutralization reaction tower (29), the top of the semi-dry neutralization reaction tower (29) is connected to a third flue gas denitration component (28), the output end of the semi-dry neutralization reaction tower (29) is connected to a bag filter (32) via a conveying pipeline, the conveying pipeline is connected to a dry powder injection component (30) and an activated carbon injection component (31) from left to right in sequence, the output end of the bag filter (32) is connected to a fourth fan (33) via a pipeline, and the output end of the fourth fan (33) is connected to an inlet of a chimney (34).
7. A power generation system capable of treating hazardous waste and various types of garbage according to claim 6, characterized in that: The output ends of the second fan (17) and the third fan (23) are both connected to the air inlet of the semi-dry neutralization reaction tower (29) through pipelines.
8. The power generation system capable of treating hazardous waste and various types of garbage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A first air cannon group (35) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the pre-combustion furnace (1), a second air cannon group (36) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the smoke chamber (7), and a third air cannon group (37) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the cyclone separator (2).
9. The power generation system capable of treating hazardous waste and various types of garbage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first waste feeding assembly (4) is used to transport hazardous waste to the pre-combustion furnace (1), wherein the hazardous waste includes medical waste; The second garbage feeding assembly (6) is used to transport biomass garbage into the smoke chamber (7), and the third garbage feeding assembly (13) is used to transport non-hazardous solid garbage into the first burner (10).
10. A power generation system capable of treating hazardous waste and various types of garbage according to claim 9, characterized in that: The biomass waste includes one or more of wood chips, straw, forestry waste, and livestock and poultry manure, and the calorific value of the biomass waste is between 14GJ / T and 16GJ / T; The non-hazardous solid waste includes one or more of plastic, paper, wood, rubber, textiles, and fluff, and the calorific value of the non-hazardous solid waste is between 17GJ / T and 19GJ / T.