Network congestion estimation method based on IFIT

Abstract

The invention provides a network congestion estimation method based on IFIT, belongs to the technical field of communication, and is used for determining the possibility of network congestion through IFIT monitoring, relieving network congestion in time and ensuring the stability and reliability of XR services. The method comprises: an NMS receiving a frame delay of a first XR service reported by a target RAN device in a first PNI-NPN, the first PNI-NPN belonging to a plurality of PNI-NPN, the first XR service being a service deployed in the first PNI-NPN, the frame delay of the first XR service being determined by the target RAN device based on IFIT; the NMS estimates the network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN according to the frame delay of the first XR service; and if the network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN is that the network congestion is about to occur or the network congestion has occurred, the NMS reduces the probability that the network congestion occurs in the first PNI-NPN or relieves the network degree of the first PNI-NPN by adjusting the network state of a second PNI-NPN, and the second PNI-NPN is the PNI-NPN which shares the target RAN equipment with the first PNI-NPN in the plurality of PNI-NPN.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communications, and in particular to a network congestion prediction method based on IFIT. Background Art

[0002] In-situ Flow Information Telemetry (IFIT) is an IETF standardized detection protocol. It inserts the iFIT message header into the real service message for feature marking to directly detect network performance indicators such as latency, packet loss rate, and jitter. IFIT uses measurement (Telemetry) technology to upload detection data in real time and displays the detection results through a visual interface. IFIT can truly restore the actual forwarding path of the message and realize real-time monitoring of the network SLA (Session Latency Agreement) with the second-level data collection function. Its packet loss detection accuracy can reach an extremely low level, and the latency detection accuracy can reach the microsecond level. IFIT can detect silent faults, even if a packet is lost, meeting the business needs of financial billing, telemedicine, industrial control, and power differential protection that require high reliability. IFIT not only supports accurate detection of latency and packet loss statistics for each business, but also supports multiple performance data statistics such as packet-by-packet and disorder through extended messages. It can adapt to networks with a large number of devices. It only needs to customize end-to-end and hop-by-hop detection on demand at the head node, and enable IFIT once at the intermediate node and the tail node to complete the deployment. Specifically, IFIT can be configured on network devices to quickly identify fault indicators and fault points by setting thresholds. When the IFIT flow indicator exceeds the emergency or important threshold, the hop-by-hop flow will be started to help users further analyze and solve the problem. In addition, IFIT can also configure the IFIT detection mode according to business needs, and the default is "end-to-end" mode.

[0003] With the development of technology, some services with strong real-time performance and large data capacity requirements, such as extended reality (XR) and tactile Internet, have gradually been applied. Among them, a typical example of XR is virtual reality (VR). VR is a revolutionary technology that subverts content consumption and communication consumption. VR technology blocks the user's line of sight and brings their senses into an independent and new virtual space, providing users with an immersive and more immersive experience. At present, VR has been applied to education, entertainment, military, medical, environmental protection, transportation, public health and other fields closely related to people's production and life. VR is mainly divided into two types of services. One is panoramic video services, which are usually used in scenes such as live sports events, concerts, and movies. This type of service uses multiple cameras to collect and splice the flat video to restore it to a panoramic view, and plays it on VR devices in the form of streaming media. The other is real-time rendering business, which is used to generate a corresponding virtual environment by performing real-time computer graphics (CG) rendering based on the user's head movements and / or operating actions using computer hardware such as a graphics processing unit (GPU). It is a multi-source information fusion, interactive three-dimensional dynamic vision and entity behavior system.

[0004] XR services require better transmission guarantees to reduce latency and jitter to ensure that users have a better experience. Therefore, it is necessary to apply IFIT to the in-stream detection of XR services. However, the industry currently has no corresponding solution. Summary of the invention

[0005] The embodiment of the present application provides a network congestion prediction method based on IFIT, which is used to determine the possibility of network congestion through IFIT monitoring, so as to alleviate network congestion in time and ensure the stability and reliability of XR services.

[0006] By ensuring information security in the case of open network slicing.

[0007] In order to achieve the above purpose, this application adopts the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, a network congestion estimation method based on IFIT is provided, which is applied to an NMS that manages multiple PNI-NPNs, the method comprising: the NMS receives a frame delay of a first XR service reported by a target RAN device in a first PNI-NPN, the first PNI-NPN belongs to multiple PNI-NPNs, the first XR service is a service deployed in the first PNI-NPN, and the frame delay of the first XR service is determined by the target RAN device based on IFIT; ​​the NMS estimates the network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN according to the frame delay of the first XR service; if the network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN is that network congestion is about to occur or network congestion has occurred, the NMS reduces the probability of network congestion in the first PNI-NPN or alleviates the network degree of the first PNI-NPN by adjusting the network state of a second PNI-NPN, the second PNI-NPN being a PNI-NPN among multiple PNI-NPNs that shares a target RAN device with the first PNI-NPN.

[0008] Optionally, the frame delay of the first XR service includes the frame delay of each of M video frames of the first XR service, where M is an integer greater than 1, and the video frame of the first XR service is transmitted from the target RAN device to the first terminal in the first PNI-NPN; the frame delay of the i-th video frame among the M video frames is: the time difference between the time when the first data packet in the i-th video frame arrives at the target RAN device and the time when the last data packet in the i-th video frame arrives at the first terminal, where i traverses 1 to M; Optionally, the frame delay of the first XR service is determined by the target RAN device based on IFIT, which means: i traverses 1 to M, the target RAN device determines that the data packet is the first data packet in the i-th video frame based on the first data packet carrying the IFIT header in the i-th video frame, and records the time when the first data packet in the i-th video frame arrives at the target RAN device; the target RAN device determines and records the time as the time when the last data packet carrying the IFIT header in the i-th video frame arrives at the first terminal based on the time when the first terminal feeds back the last data packet carrying the IFIT header in the i-th video frame, as the time when the last data packet in the i-th video frame arrives at the first terminal; and the target RAN device determines the time difference between the time when the first data packet in the i-th video frame arrives at the target RAN device and the time when the last data packet in the i-th video frame arrives at the first terminal as the frame delay of the i-th video frame.

[0009] Optionally, the protocol defines / configures that when a target RAN device is configured as a target RAN device in a PNI-NPN, the target RAN device needs to periodically determine the frame delay of the XR service based on IFIT, and report the frame delay of the XR service to the NMS corresponding to the target RAN device.

[0010] Optionally, the NMS estimates the network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN according to the frame delay of the first XR service, including: the NMS determines the overall change trend of the frame delay of the first XR service according to the frame delays of each of the M video frames; if the overall change trend of the frame delay of the first XR service is that the delay gradually increases, and the maximum frame delay in the frame delay of the first XR service is less than the frame delay in the network congestion state, then the NMS estimates that the network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN is that network congestion will occur; if the overall change trend of the frame delay of the first XR service is that the delay gradually increases, and the maximum frame delay in the frame delay of the first XR service is greater than or equal to the network congestion state. state, the NMS estimates that the network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN is that network congestion has occurred; if the overall change trend of the frame delay of the first XR service is that the delay gradually decreases, and the maximum frame delay in the frame delay of the first XR service is less than the frame delay in the network congestion state, the NMS estimates that the network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN is that the network is not congested; if the overall change trend of the frame delay of the first XR service is that the delay gradually decreases, and the maximum frame delay in the frame delay of the first XR service is greater than or equal to the frame delay in the network congestion state, the NMS estimates that the network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN is that the degree of network congestion has been alleviated.

[0011] Optionally, the NMS reduces the probability of network congestion in the first PNI-NPN or alleviates the network degree of the first PNI-NPN by adjusting the network state of the second PNI-NPN, including: the NMS determines whether there is a PNI-NPN among multiple PNI-NPNs that shares a target RAN device with the first PNI-NPN, and the second XR service deployed in the second PNI-NPN is carried by the target RAN device; if there is a second PNI-NPN among multiple PNI-NPNs that shares a target RAN device with the first PNI-NPN, and the first PNI-NPN deploys the second XR service on the target RAN device, the NMS obtains the frame delay of the second XR service; the NMS estimates the network congestion state of the second PNI-NPN based on the frame delay of the second XR service; the NMS adjusts the network state of the second PNI-NPN based on the network congestion state of the second PNI-NPN to reduce the probability of network congestion in the first PNI-NPN or alleviate the network degree of the first PNI-NPN.

[0012] Optionally, the NMS adjusts the network status of the second PNI-NPN according to the network congestion status of the second PNI-NPN to reduce the probability of network congestion in the first PNI-NPN or alleviate the network degree of the first PNI-NPN, including: if the network congestion status of the second PNI-NPN is that network congestion is about to occur or network congestion has occurred, the NMS instructs the target RAN device to configure a dedicated resource pool for the first XR service and the second XR service; if the network congestion status of the second PNI-NPN is that the network is not congested or the network congestion degree is alleviated, the NMS instructs the target RAN device to merge resources of the first PNI-NPN and the second PNI-NPN; adjusting the network status of the second PNI-NPN is to merge resources of the first PNI-NPN and the second PNI-NPN.

[0013] Optionally, the NMS instructs the target RAN device to adjust the shared resource pool configured for the services of the first PNI-NPN and the second PNI-NPN to be exclusively for the first XR service and the second XR service, including: the NMS sends a first indication message to the target RAN device, wherein the first indication message is used to indicate that the first indication message is used to indicate that the target RAN device will adjust the shared resource pool configured for the services of the first PNI-NPN and the second PNI-NPN to be exclusively for the first XR service and the second XR service.

[0014] Optionally, the NMS instructs the target RAN device to perform resource integration of the first PNI-NPN and the second PNI-NPN, including: the NMS sends a second indication message to the target RAN device, wherein the second indication message is used to instruct to perform resource integration of the first XR service and the second XR service, and accordingly, the target RAN device is used to integrate the resource pool configured by the target RAN device for the first XR service and the resource pool configured by the target RAN device for the second XR service into a resource pool set according to the second indication information.

[0015] In a second aspect, a network congestion estimation device based on IFIT is provided, which is applied to an NMS that manages multiple PNI-NPNs, and the NMS is configured as follows: the NMS receives a frame delay of a first XR service reported by a target RAN device in a first PNI-NPN, the first PNI-NPN belongs to multiple PNI-NPNs, and the frame delay of the first XR service is determined by the target RAN device based on IFIT; ​​the NMS estimates the network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN according to the frame delay of the first XR service; if the network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN is that network congestion is about to occur or network congestion has occurred, the NMS reduces the probability of network congestion in the first PNI-NPN or alleviates the network degree of the first PNI-NPN by adjusting the network state of a second PNI-NPN, the second PNI-NPN being a PNI-NPN among multiple PNI-NPNs that shares a target RAN device with the first PNI-NPN.

[0016] Optionally, the frame delay of the first XR service includes the frame delay of each of M video frames of the first XR service, where M is an integer greater than 1, and the video frame of the first XR service is transmitted from the target RAN device to the first terminal in the first PNI-NPN; the frame delay of the i-th video frame among the M video frames is: the time difference between the time when the first data packet in the i-th video frame arrives at the target RAN device and the time when the last data packet in the i-th video frame arrives at the first terminal, where i traverses 1 to M; Optionally, the frame delay of the first XR service is determined by the target RAN device based on IFIT, which means: i traverses 1 to M, the target RAN device determines that the data packet is the first data packet in the i-th video frame based on the first data packet carrying the IFIT header in the i-th video frame, and records the time when the first data packet in the i-th video frame arrives at the target RAN device; the target RAN device determines and records the time as the time when the last data packet carrying the IFIT header in the i-th video frame arrives at the first terminal based on the time when the first terminal feeds back the last data packet carrying the IFIT header in the i-th video frame, as the time when the last data packet in the i-th video frame arrives at the first terminal; and the target RAN device determines the time difference between the time when the first data packet in the i-th video frame arrives at the target RAN device and the time when the last data packet in the i-th video frame arrives at the first terminal as the frame delay of the i-th video frame.

[0017] Optionally, the protocol defines / configures that when a target RAN device is configured as a target RAN device in a PNI-NPN, the target RAN device needs to periodically determine the frame delay of the XR service based on IFIT, and report the frame delay of the XR service to the NMS corresponding to the target RAN device.

[0018] Optionally, the NMS estimates the network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN according to the frame delay of the first XR service, including: the NMS determines the overall change trend of the frame delay of the first XR service according to the frame delays of each of the M video frames; if the overall change trend of the frame delay of the first XR service is that the delay gradually increases, and the maximum frame delay in the frame delay of the first XR service is less than the frame delay in the network congestion state, then the NMS estimates that the network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN is that network congestion will occur; if the overall change trend of the frame delay of the first XR service is that the delay gradually increases, and the maximum frame delay in the frame delay of the first XR service is greater than or equal to the network congestion state. state, the NMS estimates that the network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN is that network congestion has occurred; if the overall change trend of the frame delay of the first XR service is that the delay gradually decreases, and the maximum frame delay in the frame delay of the first XR service is less than the frame delay in the network congestion state, the NMS estimates that the network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN is that the network is not congested; if the overall change trend of the frame delay of the first XR service is that the delay gradually decreases, and the maximum frame delay in the frame delay of the first XR service is greater than or equal to the frame delay in the network congestion state, the NMS estimates that the network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN is that the degree of network congestion has been alleviated.

[0019] Optionally, the NMS reduces the probability of network congestion in the first PNI-NPN or alleviates the network degree of the first PNI-NPN by adjusting the network state of the second PNI-NPN, including: the NMS determines whether there is a PNI-NPN among multiple PNI-NPNs that shares a target RAN device with the first PNI-NPN, and the second XR service deployed in the second PNI-NPN is carried by the target RAN device; if there is a second PNI-NPN among multiple PNI-NPNs that shares a target RAN device with the first PNI-NPN, and the first PNI-NPN deploys the second XR service on the target RAN device, the NMS obtains the frame delay of the second XR service; the NMS estimates the network congestion state of the second PNI-NPN based on the frame delay of the second XR service; the NMS adjusts the network state of the second PNI-NPN based on the network congestion state of the second PNI-NPN to reduce the probability of network congestion in the first PNI-NPN or alleviate the network degree of the first PNI-NPN.

[0020] Optionally, the NMS adjusts the network status of the second PNI-NPN according to the network congestion status of the second PNI-NPN to reduce the probability of network congestion in the first PNI-NPN or alleviate the network degree of the first PNI-NPN, including: if the network congestion status of the second PNI-NPN is that network congestion is about to occur or network congestion has occurred, the NMS instructs the target RAN device to configure a dedicated resource pool for the first XR service and the second XR service; if the network congestion status of the second PNI-NPN is that the network is not congested or the network congestion degree is alleviated, the NMS instructs the target RAN device to merge resources of the first PNI-NPN and the second PNI-NPN; adjusting the network status of the second PNI-NPN is to merge resources of the first PNI-NPN and the second PNI-NPN.

[0021] Optionally, the NMS instructs the target RAN device to adjust the shared resource pool configured for the services of the first PNI-NPN and the second PNI-NPN to be exclusively for the first XR service and the second XR service, including: the NMS sends a first indication message to the target RAN device, wherein the first indication message is used to indicate that the first indication message is used to indicate that the target RAN device will adjust the shared resource pool configured for the services of the first PNI-NPN and the second PNI-NPN to be exclusively for the first XR service and the second XR service.

[0022] Optionally, the NMS instructs the target RAN device to perform resource integration of the first PNI-NPN and the second PNI-NPN, including: the NMS sends a second indication message to the target RAN device, wherein the second indication message is used to instruct to perform resource integration of the first XR service and the second XR service, and accordingly, the target RAN device is used to integrate the resource pool configured by the target RAN device for the first XR service and the resource pool configured by the target RAN device for the second XR service into a resource pool set according to the second indication information.

[0023] In summary, the above method and device have the following technical effects: The target RAN can determine the frame delay of the first XR service deployed on the first PNI-NPN based on IFIT and report it to the NMS. At this time, if the NMS estimates the network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN as network congestion is about to occur or has occurred based on the frame delay of the first XR service, the NMS can reduce the probability of network congestion in the first PNI-NPN or alleviate the network degree of the first PNI-NPN by adjusting the network state of the second PNI-NPN that shares the target RAN device with the first PNI-NPN, so as to determine the possibility of network congestion through IFIT monitoring, and timely alleviate the PNI-NPN congestion to ensure the stability and reliability of the XR service. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 A flowchart of a network congestion prediction method based on IFIT provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The technical solution in this application will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems, such as wireless fidelity (WiFi) systems, vehicle to everything (V2X) communication systems, device-to-device (D2D) communication systems, Internet of Vehicles communication systems, fourth generation (4G) mobile communication systems, such as long term evolution (LTE) systems, worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) communication systems, 5G, such as new radio (NR) systems, and future communication systems.

[0027] The present application will present various aspects, embodiments or features around a system that may include multiple devices, components, modules, etc. It should be understood and appreciated that each system may include additional devices, components, modules, etc., and / or may not include all of the devices, components, modules, etc. discussed in conjunction with the figures. In addition, combinations of these schemes may also be used.

[0028] In addition, in the embodiments of the present application, words such as "exemplary" and "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations or explanations. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" in the present application should not be interpreted as being more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of the word "exemplary" is intended to present concepts in a concrete way.

[0029] In the embodiments of the present application, "information", "signal", "message", "channel" and "signaling" can sometimes be used interchangeably. It should be noted that when the distinction between them is not emphasized, the meanings they intend to express are matched. "of", "corresponding, relevant" and "corresponding" can sometimes be used interchangeably. It should be noted that when the distinction between them is not emphasized, the meanings they intend to express are matched. In addition, the " / " mentioned in the present application can be used to express an "or" relationship.

[0030] The network architecture and business scenarios described in the embodiments of the present application are intended to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application. A person of ordinary skill in the art can appreciate that with the evolution of the network architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0031] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present application, first Figure 1 The communication system shown in the example is used to describe in detail the communication system applicable to the embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system applicable to the IFIT-based network congestion estimation method provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, the communication system includes a network management system (NMS) and a radio access network (RAN) device.

[0033] NMS is a cross-domain management system used to uniformly manage multiple EMSs. Specifically, NMS is a system for managing network devices and network operation status. It can provide functions such as configuration management, performance management, and fault management of network devices to help network administrators achieve comprehensive monitoring and management of the network. Cross-domain management systems have been widely used in SDN (Software Defined Network). SDN is a new type of network architecture that separates the control plane of the network from the data forwarding plane to achieve programmable software control of network resources. The cross-domain management system can help SDN achieve management and monitoring of network devices in different domain environments, and improve the flexibility and scalability of the network. The background technologies of the cross-domain management system mainly include SDN technology and blockchain technology. SDN technology can achieve flexible configuration and management of network resources and improve network efficiency and reliability. Blockchain technology can achieve decentralized cross-domain identity management and authentication, and improve cross-domain trust and security.

[0034] The RAN device is also called the target RAN device, and the RAN device can be a device that provides access to the terminal. For example, the RAN device can include: The RAN device can also include 5G, such as a gNB in ​​a new radio (NR) system, or one or a group of antenna panels (including multiple antenna panels) of a base station in 5G, or a network node constituting a gNB, a transmission point (TRP or transmission point, TP) or a transmission measurement function (TMF), such as a baseband unit (building baseband unit, BBU), or a centralized unit (CU) or a distributed unit (DU), an RSU with base station function, or a wired access gateway, or a core network element of 5G. Alternatively, the RAN device can also include an access point (AP) in a wireless fidelity (WiFi) system, a wireless relay node, a wireless backhaul node, various forms of macro base stations, micro base stations (also called small stations), relay stations, access points, wearable devices, vehicle-mounted devices, etc. Alternatively, the RAN device may also include a next-generation mobile communication system, such as a 6G access network device, such as a 6G base station, or in the next-generation mobile communication system, the network device may also have other naming methods, which are all covered within the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application, and the present application does not impose any limitations on this.

[0035] In an embodiment of the present application, the NMS can be used for multiple private networks. For example, since multiple public network integrated non-public networks (Public Network Integrated NPN, PNI-NPN) with overlapping network services can share network resources provided by a public land mobile network (Public Land Mobile Network, PLMN), such as software resources (network elements / network functions) and / hardware resources (such as RAN equipment), then the NMS that manages the PLMN can also be reused to manage multiple PNI-NPNs.

[0036] For ease of understanding, the following will combine Figure 2 , the interaction process between each network element / device in the above communication system is specifically introduced through the method embodiment. The network congestion estimation method based on IFIT provided in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to the above communication system, and is specifically applied to the various scenarios mentioned in the above communication system, which is specifically introduced below.

[0037] Figure 2 The flowchart of the network congestion estimation method based on IFIT provided in the embodiment of the present application is as follows. Figure 2 As shown, the process of this method is as follows: S201: An NMS receives a frame delay of a first XR service reported by a target RAN device in a first PNI-NPN.

[0038] The first PNI-NPN belongs to multiple PNI-NPNs. The first XR service is a service deployed in the first PNI-NPN, that is, a service that only users in the PNI-NPN can use, or only users in the PNI-NPN can obtain the service of the first XR service. The frame delay of the first XR service is determined by the target RAN device based on IFIT.

[0039] For example, the frame delay of the first XR service may include the frame delay of each of the M video frames of the first XR service, where M is an integer greater than 1. The video frame of the first XR service is transmitted by the target RAN device to the first terminal in the first PNI-NPN; the frame delay of the i-th video frame among the M video frames is: the time difference between the time when the first data packet in the i-th video frame arrives at the target RAN device and the time when the last data packet in the i-th video frame arrives at the first terminal, i traverses 1 to M, that is, the frame delay of the i-th video frame may include the delay of the first data packet in the i-th video frame to the last data packet in the i-th video frame waiting on the target RAN device, that is, the frame delay of the i-th video frame takes into account the transmission lag of the i-th video frame, so that the transmission status of the i-th video frame can be more accurately reflected.

[0040] It can be understood that the M values ​​need to be large enough to be able to accurately estimate the congestion state of the network. For example, M is 50 / 100 / 200, that is, 50 video frames, 100 video frames, and 200 video frames. They can be continuous or discontinuous, and preferably discontinuous. For example, every two adjacent video frames in the M video frames are collected with an interval of 5-10 video frames.

[0041] Among them, the frame delay of the first XR service is determined by the target RAN device based on IFIT, which means: i traverses 1 to M, the target RAN device can determine that the data packet is the first data packet in the i-th video frame based on the first data packet carrying the IFIT header in the i-th video frame, and record the time when the first data packet in the i-th video frame arrives at the target RAN device; the target RAN device can determine and record the time as the time when the last data packet carrying the IFIT header in the i-th video frame arrives at the first terminal based on the time when the first terminal feeds back the first terminal as the time when the last data packet in the i-th video frame arrives at the first terminal; and the target RAN device can determine the time difference between the time when the first data packet in the i-th video frame arrives at the target RAN device and the time when the last data packet in the i-th video frame arrives at the first terminal as the frame delay of the i-th video frame.

[0042] That is to say, unlike the existing RAN equipment, the target RAN equipment needs to be upgraded in configuration so that it can identify the service flow, that is, identify the first XR service, instead of the current RAN equipment which can only identify DRB (Data Radio Bearer). In other words, the RAN equipment can identify the service flow description information and frame number of the data packet in the i-th video frame, and determine which data packet it is in the i-th video frame of the first XR service.

[0043] Optionally, a method for upgrading the target RAN device is: the protocol defines / configures that when a target RAN device is configured as a target RAN device in a PNI-NPN, the target RAN device needs to periodically determine the frame delay of the XR service based on IFIT, and report the frame delay of the XR service to the NMS corresponding to the target RAN device. In this way, the target RAN device can execute the method in the embodiment of the present application.

[0044] S202: The NMS estimates a network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN according to a frame delay of the first XR service.

[0045] The NMS can determine the overall change trend of the frame delay of the first XR service based on the frame delays of the M video frames. If the overall change trend of the frame delay of the first XR service is that the delay is gradually increasing, and the maximum frame delay in the frame delay of the first XR service is less than the frame delay in the network congestion state, then the NMS can estimate the network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN as network congestion is about to occur, or the network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN for the first XR service is that the network is not congested. If the overall change trend of the frame delay of the first XR service is that the delay is gradually increasing, and the maximum frame delay in the frame delay of the first XR service is greater than or equal to the frame delay in the network congestion state, then the NMS can estimate the network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN as network congestion has occurred, or the network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN for the first XR service is that network congestion has occurred. If the overall change trend of the frame delay of the first XR service is that the delay gradually decreases, and the maximum frame delay among the frame delays of the first XR service is less than the frame delay in the network congestion state, the NMS can estimate the network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN to be that the network is not congested, or the network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN for the first XR service is that the network is not congested; if the overall change trend of the frame delay of the first XR service is that the delay gradually decreases, and the maximum frame delay among the frame delays of the first XR service is greater than or equal to the frame delay in the network congestion state, the NMS can estimate the network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN to be that the network congestion level is relieved, or the network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN for the first XR service is that the network congestion level is relieved.

[0046] Additionally, when the network congestion status of the first PNI-NPN is that the network congestion level is relieved, or when the network congestion status of the first PNI-NPN is that the network is not congested, the NMS may not make any adjustment, or perform an adjustment similar to the method 2 in S203, at which time the roles of the first PNI-NPN and the second PNI-NPN are switched.

[0047] S203: If the network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN is that network congestion is about to occur or has occurred, the NMS adjusts the network state of the second PNI-NPN to reduce the probability of network congestion of the first PNI-NPN or alleviate the network degree of the first PNI-NPN.

[0048] The second PNI-NPN may be a PNI-NPN among multiple PNI-NPNs that shares the target RAN device with the first PNI-NPN.

[0049] The NMS can determine whether there is a PNI-NPN among multiple PNI-NPNs that shares a target RAN device with the first PNI-NPN, and the second XR service deployed in the second PNI-NPN is carried by the target RAN device. For example, the NMS can pre-configure resource sharing configuration information of multiple PNI-NPNs, and the resource sharing configuration information of the multiple PNI-NPNs indicates the resource sharing relationship between the multiple PNI-NPNs, such as which PNI-NPNs share which network elements / network functions, such as access and mobility management function (AMF) / session management function (SMF), and which PNI-NPNs share which RAN devices. In this way, the NMS can determine whether there is a PNI-NPN among multiple PNI-NPNs that shares a target RAN device with the first PNI-NPN. If there is a PNI-NPN that shares a target RAN device with the first PNI-NPN, the NMS can determine whether the PNI-NPN is deployed with an XR service and whether the XR service is also carried by the target RAN device based on the resource sharing configuration information, such as the identifier of the service contained therein and the transmission path of the service in the PNI-NPN, that is, which devices / network elements carry the service, as follows.

[0050] If there is no PNI-NPN among the multiple PNI-NPNs that shares the target RAN device with the first PNI-NPN, or there is a second PNI-NPN among the multiple PNI-NPNs that shares the target RAN device with the first PNI-NPN, but the second XR service deployed by the second PNI-NPN is not carried by the target RAN device or the second PNI-NPN does not deploy the XR service, it means that the first XR service has no more resource adjustment space. In this case, the NMS can alleviate the network congestion of the first XR service by other means, such as instructing the application function (AF) of the first XR service to reduce the bit rate / resolution of the first XR service.

[0051] If there is a second PNI-NPN among multiple PNI-NPNs that shares a target RAN device with the first PNI-NPN, and the first PNI-NPN deploys a second XR service on the target RAN device, the NMS obtains the frame delay of the second XR service, and its implementation method is similar to that of obtaining the frame delay of the first XR service. You can refer to it for understanding and will not repeat it here. The NMS also estimates the network congestion state of the second PNI-NPN based on the frame delay of the second XR service. The implementation method is similar to that of estimating the network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN. You can refer to it for understanding and will not repeat it here. In this way, the NMS adjusts the network state of the second PNI-NPN based on the network congestion state of the second PNI-NPN to reduce the probability of network congestion in the first PNI-NPN or alleviate the network degree of the first PNI-NPN.

[0052] For example, if the network congestion status of the second PNI-NPN is that network congestion is about to occur or has occurred, the NMS instructs the target RAN device to configure a dedicated resource pool for the first XR service and the second XR service, which is the following method 1. If the network congestion status of the second PNI-NPN is that the network is not congested or the network congestion level is alleviated, the NMS instructs the target RAN device to merge the resources of the first PNI-NPN and the second PNI-NPN; adjusting the network status of the second PNI-NPN is to merge the resources of the first PNI-NPN and the second PNI-NPN, which is the following method 2.

[0053] Mode 1: The NMS sends a first indication message (which can be carried in any possible signaling) to the target RAN device. The first indication message is used to indicate that the target RAN device will adjust the shared resource pool configured for the services of the first PNI-NPN and the second PNI-NPN to be exclusive to the first XR service and the second XR service. The shared resource pool configured by the target RAN device for the services of the first PNI-NPN and the second PNI-NPN may be predefined by the protocol, that is, the protocol defines that when a RAN device is configured for multiple PNI-NPNs, the RAN device needs to configure a shared resource pool for the services deployed by each of the multiple PNI-NPNs, so that when the dedicated resources for a service in a certain PNI-NPN are tight, the shared resource pool can be used to transmit the service to ensure the stability and reliability of service transmission. The shared resource pool may be a collection of time-frequency resources, and the specific size / number of time-frequency resources is not limited. Therefore, the first indication information may carry the respective identifiers of the first PNI-NPN and the second PNI-NPN, the respective identifiers of the first XR service and the second XR service, and an indication information element for indicating that the shared resource pool is temporarily exclusive, which are used to jointly indicate that the target RAN device will adjust the shared resource pool configured for the services of the first PNI-NPN and the second PNI-NPN to be exclusive to the first XR service and the second XR service. Afterwards, when the networks of the first PNI-NPN and the second PNI-NPN are no longer congested, or the congestion is significantly alleviated, the NMS may also instruct the target RAN device to adjust the resource pool exclusive to the first XR service and the second XR service to be shared by the services of the first PNI-NPN and the second PNI-NPN, that is, to restore it to a shared resource pool.

[0054] Method 2: The NMS sends a second indication message (which can be carried in any possible signaling) to the target RAN device. The second indication message is used to indicate the resource fusion of the first XR service and the second XR service. For example, the second indication message may include the respective identifiers of the first XR service and the second XR service, and an information element used to indicate the resource fusion, so as to jointly indicate the resource fusion of the first XR service and the second XR service. Accordingly, the target RAN device is used to fuse the resource pool configured by the target RAN device for the first XR service and the resource pool configured by the target RAN device for the second XR service into a resource pool set according to the second indication information. The advantage of this is that the transmission of the first XR service can flexibly use the idle resources in the second XR service, thereby reducing the congestion of the first XR service.

[0055] In summary, the target RAN can determine the frame delay of the first XR service deployed on the first PNI-NPN based on IFIT and report it to the NMS. At this time, if the NMS estimates the network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN as network congestion is about to occur or has occurred based on the frame delay of the first XR service, the NMS can reduce the probability of network congestion in the first PNI-NPN or alleviate the network degree of the first PNI-NPN by adjusting the network state of the second PNI-NPN that shares the target RAN device with the first PNI-NPN, so as to determine the possibility of network congestion through IFIT monitoring, and timely alleviate PNI-NPN congestion to ensure the stability and reliability of the XR service.

[0056] Combination of the above Figure 2 The IFIT-based network congestion prediction method provided by the embodiment of the present application is described in detail. The following describes an IFIT-based network congestion prediction device for executing the IFIT-based network congestion prediction method provided by the embodiment of the present application. The IFIT-based network congestion estimation device is applied to an NMS that manages multiple PNI-NPNs, and the NMS is configured as follows: the NMS receives a frame delay of a first XR service reported by a target RAN device in a first PNI-NPN, the first PNI-NPN belongs to multiple PNI-NPNs, and the frame delay of the first XR service is determined by the target RAN device based on IFIT; ​​the NMS estimates the network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN according to the frame delay of the first XR service; if the network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN is that network congestion is about to occur or network congestion has occurred, the NMS reduces the probability of network congestion occurring in the first PNI-NPN or alleviates the network degree of the first PNI-NPN by adjusting the network state of a second PNI-NPN, and the second PNI-NPN is a PNI-NPN among multiple PNI-NPNs that shares a target RAN device with the first PNI-NPN.

[0057] Optionally, the frame delay of the first XR service includes the frame delay of each of M video frames of the first XR service, where M is an integer greater than 1, and the video frame of the first XR service is transmitted from the target RAN device to the first terminal in the first PNI-NPN; the frame delay of the i-th video frame among the M video frames is: the time difference between the time when the first data packet in the i-th video frame arrives at the target RAN device and the time when the last data packet in the i-th video frame arrives at the first terminal, where i traverses 1 to M; Optionally, the frame delay of the first XR service is determined by the target RAN device based on IFIT, which means: i traverses 1 to M, the target RAN device determines that the data packet is the first data packet in the i-th video frame based on the first data packet carrying the IFIT header in the i-th video frame, and records the time when the first data packet in the i-th video frame arrives at the target RAN device; the target RAN device determines and records the time as the time when the last data packet carrying the IFIT header in the i-th video frame arrives at the first terminal based on the time when the first terminal feeds back the last data packet carrying the IFIT header in the i-th video frame, as the time when the last data packet in the i-th video frame arrives at the first terminal; and the target RAN device determines the time difference between the time when the first data packet in the i-th video frame arrives at the target RAN device and the time when the last data packet in the i-th video frame arrives at the first terminal as the frame delay of the i-th video frame.

[0058] Optionally, the protocol defines / configures that when a target RAN device is configured as a target RAN device in a PNI-NPN, the target RAN device needs to periodically determine the frame delay of the XR service based on IFIT, and report the frame delay of the XR service to the NMS corresponding to the target RAN device.

[0059] Optionally, the NMS estimates the network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN according to the frame delay of the first XR service, including: the NMS determines the overall change trend of the frame delay of the first XR service according to the frame delays of each of the M video frames; if the overall change trend of the frame delay of the first XR service is that the delay gradually increases, and the maximum frame delay in the frame delay of the first XR service is less than the frame delay in the network congestion state, then the NMS estimates that the network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN is that network congestion will occur; if the overall change trend of the frame delay of the first XR service is that the delay gradually increases, and the maximum frame delay in the frame delay of the first XR service is greater than or equal to the network congestion state. state, the NMS estimates that the network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN is that network congestion has occurred; if the overall change trend of the frame delay of the first XR service is that the delay gradually decreases, and the maximum frame delay in the frame delay of the first XR service is less than the frame delay in the network congestion state, the NMS estimates that the network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN is that the network is not congested; if the overall change trend of the frame delay of the first XR service is that the delay gradually decreases, and the maximum frame delay in the frame delay of the first XR service is greater than or equal to the frame delay in the network congestion state, the NMS estimates that the network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN is that the degree of network congestion has been alleviated.

[0060] Optionally, the NMS reduces the probability of network congestion in the first PNI-NPN or alleviates the network degree of the first PNI-NPN by adjusting the network state of the second PNI-NPN, including: the NMS determines whether there is a PNI-NPN among multiple PNI-NPNs that shares a target RAN device with the first PNI-NPN, and the second XR service deployed in the second PNI-NPN is carried by the target RAN device; if there is a second PNI-NPN among multiple PNI-NPNs that shares a target RAN device with the first PNI-NPN, and the first PNI-NPN deploys the second XR service on the target RAN device, the NMS obtains the frame delay of the second XR service; the NMS estimates the network congestion state of the second PNI-NPN based on the frame delay of the second XR service; the NMS adjusts the network state of the second PNI-NPN based on the network congestion state of the second PNI-NPN to reduce the probability of network congestion in the first PNI-NPN or alleviate the network degree of the first PNI-NPN.

[0061] Optionally, the NMS adjusts the network status of the second PNI-NPN according to the network congestion status of the second PNI-NPN to reduce the probability of network congestion in the first PNI-NPN or alleviate the network degree of the first PNI-NPN, including: if the network congestion status of the second PNI-NPN is that network congestion is about to occur or network congestion has occurred, the NMS instructs the target RAN device to configure a dedicated resource pool for the first XR service and the second XR service; if the network congestion status of the second PNI-NPN is that the network is not congested or the network congestion degree is alleviated, the NMS instructs the target RAN device to merge resources of the first PNI-NPN and the second PNI-NPN; adjusting the network status of the second PNI-NPN is to merge resources of the first PNI-NPN and the second PNI-NPN.

[0062] Optionally, the NMS instructs the target RAN device to adjust the shared resource pool configured for the services of the first PNI-NPN and the second PNI-NPN to be exclusively for the first XR service and the second XR service, including: the NMS sends a first indication message to the target RAN device, wherein the first indication message is used to indicate that the first indication message is used to indicate that the target RAN device will adjust the shared resource pool configured for the services of the first PNI-NPN and the second PNI-NPN to be exclusively for the first XR service and the second XR service.

[0063] Optionally, the NMS instructs the target RAN device to perform resource integration of the first PNI-NPN and the second PNI-NPN, including: the NMS sends a second indication message to the target RAN device, wherein the second indication message is used to instruct to perform resource integration of the first XR service and the second XR service, and accordingly, the target RAN device is used to integrate the resource pool configured by the target RAN device for the first XR service and the resource pool configured by the target RAN device for the second XR service into a resource pool set according to the second indication information.

[0064] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application. For example, the communication device may be a network device, or a chip (system) or other component or assembly that can be set in a network device. Figure 3 As shown, the communication device 300 may include a processor 301. Optionally, the communication device 300 may also include a memory 302 and / or a transceiver 303. The processor 301 is coupled with the memory 302 and the transceiver 303, such as being connected via a communication bus.

[0065] Combine the following Figure 3 The components of the communication device 300 are described in detail: The processor 301 is the control center of the communication device 300, and may be a processor or a general term for multiple processing elements. For example, the processor 301 is one or more central processing units (CPUs), or may be application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or may be configured to implement one or more integrated circuits of the embodiments of the present application, such as one or more microprocessors (digital signal processors, DSPs), or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs).

[0066] Optionally, the processor 301 may execute various functions of the communication device 300 by running or executing a software program stored in the memory 302 and calling data stored in the memory 302, such as executing the above Figure 2 The network congestion estimation method based on IFIT is shown.

[0067] In a specific implementation, as an embodiment, the processor 301 may include one or more CPUs, such as Figure 3 CPU0 and CPU1 are shown in FIG.

[0068] In a specific implementation, as an embodiment, the communication device 300 may also include multiple processors. Each of these processors may be a single-core processor (single-CPU) or a multi-core processor (multi-CPU). The processor here may refer to one or more devices, circuits, and / or processing cores for processing data (such as computer program instructions).

[0069] The memory 302 is used to store the software program for executing the solution of the present application, and the execution is controlled by the processor 301. The specific implementation method can refer to the above method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0070] Optionally, the memory 302 may be a read-only memory (ROM) or other types of static storage devices that can store static information and instructions, a random access memory (RAM) or other types of dynamic storage devices that can store information and instructions, or an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disc storage, optical disc storage (including compressed optical disc, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc, Blu-ray disc, etc.), a magnetic disk storage medium or other magnetic storage device, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store the desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and can be accessed by a computer, but is not limited thereto. The memory 302 may be integrated with the processor 301, or may exist independently and access the communication device 300 through the interface circuit ( Figure 3 (not shown) is coupled to the processor 301, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present application.

[0071] The transceiver 303 is used for communication with other communication devices. For example, if the communication device 300 is a terminal, the transceiver 303 can be used to communicate with a network device, or with another terminal device. For another example, if the communication device 300 is a network device, the transceiver 303 can be used to communicate with a terminal, or with another network device.

[0072] Optionally, the transceiver 303 may include a receiver and a transmitter ( Figure 3 The receiver is used to implement a receiving function, and the transmitter is used to implement a sending function.

[0073] Optionally, the transceiver 303 may be integrated with the processor 301, or may exist independently and communicate with the processor 301 through the interface circuit ( Figure 3 (not shown) is coupled to the processor 301, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present application.

[0074] Understandably, Figure 3 The structure of the communication device 300 shown in the figure does not constitute a limitation on the communication device. The actual communication device may include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or arrange the components differently.

[0075] In addition, the technical effects of the communication device 300 can refer to the technical effects of the method described in the above method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0076] It should be understood that the processor in the embodiment of the present application may be a central processing unit (CPU), and the processor may also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may also be any conventional processor, etc.

[0077] It should also be understood that the memory in the embodiments of the present application may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memories. Among them, the non-volatile memory may be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory may be a random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example and not limitation, many forms of random access memory (RAM) are available, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous link DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct RAM bus RAM (DR RAM).

[0078] The above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware (such as circuits), firmware or any other combination. When implemented using software, the above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions or computer programs. When the computer instructions or computer programs are loaded or executed on a computer, the process or function described in the embodiment of the present application is generated in whole or in part. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server or data center to another website, computer, server or data center by wired (such as infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.). The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server or data center that contains one or more available media sets. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (for example, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a tape), an optical medium (for example, a DVD), or a semiconductor medium. The semiconductor medium can be a solid-state hard disk.

[0079] It should be understood that the term "and / or" in this article is only a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. A and B can be singular or plural. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship, but it may also indicate an "and / or" relationship. Please refer to the context for specific understanding.

[0080] In this application, "at least one" means one or more, and "plurality" means two or more. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single items or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can mean: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0081] It should be understood that in the various embodiments of the present application, the size of the serial numbers of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0082] Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of this application.

[0083] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0084] In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only schematic. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0085] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0086] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

[0087] If the functions are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application can be essentially or partly embodied in the form of a software product that contributes to the prior art. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in each embodiment of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), disk or optical disk, and other media that can store program codes.

[0088] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art who is familiar with the present technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A network congestion prediction method based on IFIT, characterized in that: The method is applied to an NMS for managing multiple PNI-NPNs, and includes: The NMS receives a frame delay of a first XR service reported by a target RAN device in a first PNI-NPN, where the first PNI-NPN belongs to the multiple PNI-NPNs, the first XR service is a service deployed in the first PNI-NPN, and the frame delay of the first XR service is determined by the target RAN device based on IFIT; The NMS estimates, according to the frame delay of the first XR service, a network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN; If the network congestion status of the first PNI-NPN is that network congestion is about to occur or has occurred, the NMS reduces the probability of network congestion occurring in the first PNI-NPN or alleviates the network degree of the first PNI-NPN by adjusting the network status of the second PNI-NPN, where the second PNI-NPN is a PNI-NPN among the multiple PNI-NPNs that shares the target RAN device with the first PNI-NPN.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The frame delay of the first XR service includes the frame delay of each of M video frames of the first XR service, where M is an integer greater than 1, and the video frames of the first XR service are transmitted by the target RAN device to the first terminal in the first PNI-NPN; the frame delay of the i-th video frame among the M video frames is: the time difference between the moment when the first data packet in the i-th video frame arrives at the target RAN device and the moment when the last data packet in the i-th video frame arrives at the first terminal, and i traverses 1 to M.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The frame delay of the first XR service is determined by the target RAN device based on IFIT, which means: i traverses 1 to M, the target RAN device determines that the data packet is the first data packet in the i-th video frame according to the first data packet carrying the IFIT header in the i-th video frame, and records the time when the first data packet in the i-th video frame arrives at the target RAN device; the target RAN device determines and records the time as the time when the last data packet carrying the IFIT header in the i-th video frame arrives at the first terminal according to the time when the first terminal feeds back the first terminal as the time when the last data packet in the i-th video frame arrives at the first terminal; and the target RAN device determines the time difference between the time when the first data packet in the i-th video frame arrives at the target RAN device and the time when the last data packet in the i-th video frame arrives at the first terminal as the frame delay of the i-th video frame.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that Protocol definition / configuration: When a target RAN device is configured as a target RAN device in a PNI-NPN, the target RAN device needs to periodically determine the frame delay of the XR service based on IFIT and report the frame delay of the XR service to the NMS corresponding to the target RAN device.

5. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: The NMS estimates the network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN according to the frame delay of the first XR service, including: The NMS determines, according to the frame delays of the M video frames, an overall change trend of the frame delay of the first XR service; If the overall change trend of the frame delay of the first XR service is that the delay gradually increases, and the maximum frame delay among the frame delays of the first XR service is less than the frame delay in the network congestion state, the NMS estimates that the network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN is about to occur network congestion; If the overall change trend of the frame delay of the first XR service is that the delay gradually increases, and the maximum frame delay among the frame delays of the first XR service is greater than or equal to the frame delay in the network congestion state, the NMS estimates that the network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN is that network congestion has occurred; If the overall change trend of the frame delay of the first XR service is that the delay gradually decreases, and the maximum frame delay among the frame delays of the first XR service is less than the frame delay in the network congestion state, the NMS estimates that the network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN is that the network is not congested; If the overall change trend of the frame delay of the first XR service is that the delay gradually decreases, and the maximum frame delay among the frame delays of the first XR service is greater than or equal to the frame delay in the network congestion state, the NMS estimates that the network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN is that the network congestion level is alleviated.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The NMS reduces the probability of network congestion of the first PNI-NPN or alleviates the network degree of the first PNI-NPN by adjusting the network state of the second PNI-NPN, including: The NMS determines whether there is a PNI-NPN among the multiple PNI-NPNs that shares the target RAN device with the first PNI-NPN, and the PNI-NPN also deploys an XR service on the target RAN device; If the second PNI-NPN among the multiple PNI-NPNs shares the target RAN device with the first PNI-NPN, and the second XR service deployed in the second PNI-NPN is carried by the target RAN device, the NMS obtains the frame delay of the second XR service; The NMS estimates, according to the frame delay of the second XR service, a network congestion state of the second PNI-NPN; The NMS adjusts the network status of the second PNI-NPN according to the network congestion status of the second PNI-NPN to reduce the probability of network congestion of the first PNI-NPN or alleviate the network congestion of the first PNI-NPN.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The NMS adjusts the network state of the second PNI-NPN according to the network congestion state of the second PNI-NPN to reduce the probability of network congestion of the first PNI-NPN or alleviate the network degree of the first PNI-NPN, including: If the network congestion state of the second PNI-NPN is that network congestion is about to occur or has occurred, the NMS instructs the target RAN device to configure a dedicated resource pool for the first XR service and the second XR service; If the network congestion status of the second PNI-NPN is that the network is not congested or the network congestion level is alleviated, the NMS instructs the target RAN device to merge resources of the first PNI-NPN and the second PNI-NPN; adjusting the network status of the second PNI-NPN is to merge resources of the first PNI-NPN and the second PNI-NPN.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The NMS instructs the target RAN device to adjust the shared resource pool configured for the services of the first PNI-NPN and the second PNI-NPN to be exclusively used by the first XR service and the second XR service, including: The NMS sends first indication information to the target RAN device, wherein the first indication information is used to indicate that the target RAN device will adjust the shared resource pool configured for the services of the first PNI-NPN and the second PNI-NPN to be exclusive to the first XR service and the second XR service.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The NMS instructing the target RAN device to perform resource fusion of the first PNI-NPN and the second PNI-NPN, including: The NMS sends second indication information to the target RAN device, wherein the second indication information is used to indicate resource fusion of the first XR service and the second XR service. Accordingly, the target RAN device is used to fuse the resource pool configured by the target RAN device for the first XR service and the resource pool configured by the target RAN device for the second XR service into a resource pool set according to the second indication information.

10. A network congestion prediction device based on IFIT, characterized in that: The device is applied to an NMS that manages multiple PNI-NPNs, and the NMS is configured as follows: The NMS receives a frame delay of a first XR service reported by a target RAN device in a first PNI-NPN, where the first PNI-NPN belongs to the multiple PNI-NPNs, and the frame delay of the first XR service is determined by the target RAN device based on IFIT; The NMS estimates, according to the frame delay of the first XR service, a network congestion state of the first PNI-NPN; If the network congestion status of the first PNI-NPN is that network congestion is about to occur or has occurred, the NMS reduces the probability of network congestion occurring in the first PNI-NPN or alleviates the network degree of the first PNI-NPN by adjusting the network status of the second PNI-NPN, where the second PNI-NPN is a PNI-NPN among the multiple PNI-NPNs that shares the target RAN device with the first PNI-NPN.

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