Planting hole construction process for ecological restoration of rock slope

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of ecological restoration, and discloses a rock slope ecological restoration planting hole construction technology which comprises the following steps that a planting hole is drilled in a selected position on a rock slope, the planting hole is composed of an upper regular cylindrical forming hole section and a lower breaking section, and the inner wall of the planting hole is coated with a water-absorbing moisturizing coating; modularized planting cups are placed in the planting holes, each planting cup comprises a vegetation area and a nutrition storage area, the vegetation areas are used for placing plant seeds or saplings, and the nutrition storage areas are used for providing nutrition support; the crushing section is used for crushing rocks through mechanical equipment to form an irregular crack structure. By means of the reasonably designed planting hole structure, the water-absorbing moisturizing coating and the modularized planting cups, the survival rate, the water retention capacity and long-term nutrition supply of vegetation are effectively improved, the method is suitable for various environments, efficient and sustainable recovery of slope ecology is achieved, and meanwhile the construction and maintenance cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, in particular to a planting hole construction process for ecological restoration of rock slopes. Background Art

[0002] With the development of social economy and the extensive exploitation of resources, the ecological damage of rock slopes such as open-pit mines and mountain landslides has become increasingly serious. How to effectively restore the ecological environment of these slopes has become an urgent task. In the ecological restoration of slopes, the planting and growth of vegetation are key steps. However, rock slopes usually have poor soil, scarce water resources, and it is difficult for roots to take root. In addition, the unstable slope structure makes the survival rate of vegetation generally low. Most of the existing technical methods focus on engineering measures such as slope cutting and covering. Although they can effectively reduce the slope and facilitate vegetation restoration, this method has a large disturbance to the surrounding environment, is costly, and requires a large amount of soil resources. It is difficult to promote in areas with scarce soil or complex geology.

[0003] In addition, although some existing spraying technologies have attempted to solve the problem of vegetation restoration on high and steep slopes through methods such as hanging nets and spray mixing, they still have problems such as high maintenance costs and low vegetation survival rates in harsh environments such as drought and cold. Existing technologies are not ideal in solving the problems of long-term water retention, continuous nutrient supply, and stable root system in rock slopes. This means that the ecological restoration of rock slopes still faces great challenges in specific environments, and a more efficient, economical, and adaptable construction process is urgently needed to address the practical problems of ecological restoration of rock slopes. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a planting hole construction process for rock slope ecological restoration, which solves the problem that vegetation is difficult to survive and take root stably on rock slopes, and provides an ecological restoration process that improves water retention capacity, long-term nutrient supply and root stability.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A planting hole construction process for rock slope ecological restoration includes the following steps:

[0006] Drill planting holes at selected locations on the rock slope. The diameter of the planting holes is 8-12 cm, the depth is 70-90 cm, and the inclination is 10-20 degrees.

[0007] The planting hole consists of a regular cylindrical hole-forming section at the top and a crushing section at the bottom. The depth of the hole-forming section is 40-60 cm, and the depth of the crushing section is 20-30 cm.

[0008] A layer of water-absorbing and moisture-retaining coating is applied to the inner wall of the planting hole, wherein the coating material includes 30-40% biodegradable polymer, 15-25% water-retaining agent, 10-20% slow-release fertilizer, 5-15% microbial additive and 15-25% cellulose;

[0009] A modular planting cup is placed in the planting hole, and the planting cup includes a vegetation area and a nutrient reserve area, wherein the vegetation area is used for placing plant seeds or seedlings, and the nutrient reserve area is used for providing nutrient support.

[0010] Preferably, the biodegradable polymer in the water-absorbing and moisturizing coating is polyvinyl alcohol, the water retaining agent is a sodium acrylate-based water retaining agent, the slow-release fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the microbial additive includes nitrogen-fixing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi, and the cellulose is plant fiber.

[0011] Preferably, the method for preparing the water-absorbing and moisturizing coating comprises the following steps:

[0012] Dissolve polyvinyl alcohol in deionized water at 60-80°C, stir for 30-45 minutes to form a uniform solution, and control the viscosity of the solution at 4000-6000 cP;

[0013] Adding a sodium acrylate-based water-retaining agent into the above solution and dispersing it using ultrasonic waves;

[0014] Soak the slow-release fertilizers NPK in a 30-40°C aqueous solution for 5-10 minutes in advance;

[0015] The microbial additive is mixed with the plant-derived cellulose, 10-15% of water is added to the total amount of the premix, and an incubation treatment is performed at a temperature of 25-30° C. for 20-30 minutes;

[0016] The pretreated slow-release fertilizer and the premixed microorganism-cellulose mixture are gradually added to the polyvinyl alcohol and water retaining agent solution, and low-speed shear mixing is adopted at 300-500 rpm, and the mixing time is 15-25 minutes, and the temperature is maintained at 25-35°C;

[0017] After mixing, the mixture was placed in a vacuum environment of 0.08-0.1 MPa for degassing for 10-15 minutes;

[0018] The final water-absorbing and moisturizing coating is obtained.

[0019] Preferably, the vegetation area of ​​the modular planting cup is made of degradable polylactic acid material and filled with peat soil or mixed soil containing 2-5% water retaining agent.

[0020] Preferably, the nutrient reserve area of ​​the modular planting cup is composed of 35-45% humus soil, 8-12% water retaining agent, 15-25% slow-release fertilizer, 10-20% perlite and 10-20% cellulose.

[0021] Preferably, the outer wall of the modular planting cup is provided with a plurality of ventilation holes with a hole diameter of 1-3 mm and a hole spacing of 3-7 cm, so as to promote air circulation and root extension.

[0022] Preferably, the crushing section crushes rocks by mechanical equipment to form an irregular crack structure, which is used to enhance the contact between plant roots and rock formations and promote the absorption of water and nutrients.

[0023] Preferably, the nutrient reserve area within the modular planting cup includes nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium slow-release fertilizers.

[0024] The present invention provides a planting hole construction process for rock slope ecological restoration. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. The present invention can provide a suitable growth environment for vegetation through the use of a reasonably designed planting hole structure and modular planting cups, ensuring that the roots of vegetation can stably take root on the rocky slopes and absorb sufficient water and nutrients, thereby greatly improving the survival rate of vegetation, especially in arid and barren environments. Effective restoration of vegetation can also be achieved.

[0026] 2. The present invention applies a water-absorbing and moisturizing coating on the inner wall of the planting hole, which contains materials such as high-efficiency water-retaining agent and cellulose, which can store a large amount of water during rainfall and slowly release it during drought. This design effectively prolongs the water supply time of the plant roots, reduces the dependence on artificial irrigation, and thus improves the sustainability of the ecological restoration process.

[0027] 3. The slow-release fertilizer and nutrient reserve area in the planting cup of the present invention provide long-term nutrient support for plants, and the slow-release fertilizer can continuously release nutrients, reducing the possibility of fertilizer loss and overuse. Especially on barren rocky slopes, the roots of vegetation can slowly absorb nutrients to promote their healthy and continuous growth.

[0028] 4. The present invention uses the design of the broken section of the planting hole and the ventilation holes on the outer wall of the planting cup to allow the roots of the plants to quickly extend into the rock gaps, thereby enhancing their ability to hold the rock formations firmly. This not only improves the wind and drought resistance of the plants, but also reinforces the slopes through the root system, reducing the risk of landslides or soil loss, and further improving the stability of the slopes.

[0029] 5. The planting hole construction process of the present invention is flexible, and the design of the planting hole and the ratio of the coating material can be adjusted according to different climate and geological conditions. It can be effectively applied from the arid and rainless northern regions to the rainy southern mountainous areas to achieve extensive ecological restoration. The ingredients in the planting cup and the coating can also be adjusted according to different environments to ensure the best vegetation restoration effect.

[0030] 6. The present invention uses degradable polylactic acid (PLA) material as the main component of the planting cup, and the biodegradable polymer of the coating can also be naturally degraded over time, avoiding secondary pollution to the environment. After the plant roots take root, the planting cup will gradually degrade and blend into the soil, and has good compatibility with the ecosystem.

[0031] 7. The present invention can effectively reduce the watering frequency and fertilization times required for later maintenance through the water retention function of the inner wall coating and the long-term supply design of slow-release fertilizer, thereby reducing the consumption of water resources and human resources. In addition, the modular planting cup design simplifies the planting process, reduces the construction difficulty and cost, and has good economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a construction schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the planting cup of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will be combined with the drawings in the specification of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 -Attached Figure 2 The embodiment of the present invention provides a planting hole construction process for rock slope ecological restoration, which can effectively solve the problems of difficulty in plant root rooting, insufficient nutrients, and difficulty in water retention during rock slope ecological restoration. The specific implementation process will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0036] 1. Drilling of planting holes

[0037] Select a suitable location on the rock slope to drill a planting hole. The diameter of the planting hole is 8-12 cm, the depth is 70-90 cm, and it has an inclination of 10-20 degrees. The inclination angle design can effectively guide rainwater into the planting hole, avoid water loss, and enhance the utilization rate of water resources. The planting hole consists of an upper regular cylindrical hole section and a lower crushing section:

[0038] Hole section: The depth of the hole section is 40-60 cm, which is mainly used to place modular planting cups. This part is a regular cylindrical shape to ensure that the planting cups can be inserted firmly and have enough growth space.

[0039] Crushing section: The crushing section is located at the bottom of the planting hole, with a depth of 20-30 cm. The rock is crushed by mechanical equipment to form an irregular crack structure. These cracks provide space for the plant roots to expand and directly contact with the water and nutrients in the rock layer, promoting the growth of plants.

[0040] 2. Preparation and application of water-absorbing and moisturizing coating

[0041] After the planting hole is drilled, a layer of water-absorbing and moisturizing coating is applied on the inner wall of the planting hole using special spraying equipment. The specific steps include:

[0042] Preparation of polyvinyl alcohol solution: dissolve polyvinyl alcohol in deionized water at 60-80°C and stir for 30-45 minutes until a uniform solution is formed. During this process, the viscosity of the solution needs to be controlled within the range of 4000-6000 cP to ensure good adhesion and uniformity of the coating.

[0043] Water-retaining agent dispersion treatment: Add sodium acrylate-based water-retaining agent to the polyvinyl alcohol solution and use 20-25kHz ultrasonic treatment for 10-20 minutes to ensure that the water-retaining agent particles are evenly dispersed and the particle size is controlled at 100-200 microns, so that the coating has excellent water-retaining capacity.

[0044] Pretreatment of slow-release fertilizer: Slow-release fertilizer (NPK compound fertilizer) is pre-wetted by soaking it in a 30-40°C aqueous solution for 5-10 minutes. This step can effectively activate the fertilizer surface and improve its binding effect with the polyvinyl alcohol solution.

[0045] Incubation of microorganisms and cellulose: Mix microbial additives (including nitrogen-fixing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi) with cellulose in proportion, add water, control the temperature at 25-30°C, and incubate for 20-30 minutes. This step activates the activity of microorganisms and ensures that cellulose is evenly mixed with other components.

[0046] Shear mixing and degassing: The slow-release fertilizer and microorganism-cellulose mixture are gradually added to the polyvinyl alcohol solution, using a low-speed shear mixing technique of 300-500rpm, a mixing time of 15-25 minutes, and a temperature of 25-35°C. After the mixture is completed, a degassing treatment is carried out for 10-15 minutes in a vacuum environment of 0.08-0.1MPa to remove bubbles in the solution.

[0047] The final coating material is evenly coated on the inner wall of the planting hole through spraying equipment. The coating thickness is 1-3 mm. The coating solidifies within 2-4 hours after spraying, forming a coating with water retention, slow-release fertilizer, and microbial activity functions, which effectively supports the later growth of vegetation.

[0048] 3. Design and placement of modular planting cups

[0049] After the inner wall coating of the planting hole is completed, the modular planting cup is inserted into the planting hole. The modular planting cup includes:

[0050] Vegetation area: The vegetation area is used to place plant seeds or seedlings. The cup material is degradable polylactic acid (PLA), which degrades in 8-14 months. The vegetation area is filled with peat soil or mixed soil with 2-5% water retaining agent, which can maintain suitable humidity conditions and effectively promote seed germination and seedling growth.

[0051] Nutrient reserve area: The nutrient reserve area is located in the lower part of the planting cup and provides long-term nutrient support for plant growth. The material composition of this area includes 35-45% humus, 8-12% water retainer, 15-25% slow-release fertilizer, 10-20% perlite and 10-20% cellulose. Humus provides rich organic matter to promote root development; water retainer can store water and release it slowly to cope with drought environment; slow-release fertilizer provides nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound nutrients to continuously support the long-term growth of plants; perlite improves soil aeration and prevents soil compaction, and cellulose enhances the stability of soil structure and prevents soil erosion.

[0052] The outer wall of the modular planting cup is designed with multiple groups of ventilation holes, with a hole diameter of 1-3 mm and a hole spacing of 3-7 cm. The function of these ventilation holes is to promote the breathing and extension of the plant roots. The roots can grow outward through these holes and gradually contact the broken rock layer of the planting hole to obtain more water and nutrients.

[0053] 4. Water and nutrient management of planting holes

[0054] After the planting cups are placed, a reasonable watering and maintenance plan is formulated according to the on-site climatic conditions. In the early vegetation growth period, manual watering is carried out every 10-14 days, combined with the water retention performance of the water-absorbing coating on the inner wall of the planting hole to ensure that the vegetation obtains sufficient water support in a drought environment. Through meteorological monitoring equipment, rainfall and soil moisture data are collected in real time, and the watering frequency is flexibly adjusted according to the actual precipitation conditions.

[0055] In addition, the slow-release fertilizer in the planting cup is gradually released within 9-12 months to ensure that the plant roots can continue to obtain nutrients. In the rainy season or when fertilizer is insufficient, you can add nutrients in appropriate amounts to ensure healthy growth of vegetation.

[0056] 5. Root growth and environmental adaptation

[0057] As the plant roots grow, they extend through the vents on the outer wall of the modular planting cup to the broken section of the planting hole, gradually penetrating into the rock cracks to form a stable root network. The irregular crack structure of the broken section allows the roots to penetrate deep into the rock layer to absorb more water and nutrients, while enhancing the stability of the plant on the slope and preventing the risk of landslides or soil loss.

[0058] Under the interaction between the roots and the microorganisms in the coating, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi provide additional nitrogen support for plants, promote the roots to better adapt to the poor environment of the rocky slopes, and further improve the survival rate and adaptability of the plants.

[0059] 6. Long-term maintenance and ecological restoration

[0060] After the implementation of the present invention, the growth of plants is regularly monitored to evaluate the development of the root system, plant height, leaf color and other indicators. If the vegetation in some areas grows poorly, replanting can be carried out in time and the planting plan can be optimized. The long-term maintenance of the planting area should be combined with meteorological data, and human intervention should be gradually reduced to make the ecosystem tend to be self-sustaining.

[0061] The planting hole construction process for ecological restoration of rock slopes of the present invention not only improves the survival rate of vegetation, but also greatly enhances the adaptability of plants to harsh environments, ultimately achieving the goal of ecological restoration of the slope, through reasonable design of planting holes, effective application of water-absorbing and moisturizing coatings, and innovative use of modular planting cups.

[0062] Example 1: Ecological restoration of rock slopes in arid areas of northern China

[0063] Background: In northern arid regions such as Inner Mongolia and Hebei, annual precipitation is low, the climate is dry, the soil is poor, vegetation restoration on slopes is difficult, and water resources are tight.

[0064] The construction process of planting holes for ecological restoration of rock slopes includes the following steps:

[0065] 1. Planting hole design: In the arid climate of the north, choose a planting hole with a diameter of 10 cm and a depth of 80 cm, and set the inclination angle to 15 degrees to ensure that rainwater can be quickly guided to the roots of vegetation.

[0066] 2. Inner wall coating:

[0067] Polyvinyl alcohol: accounts for 35% of the total mass of the coating, dissolved in deionized water at 75°C to ensure that the coating has good water retention.

[0068] Water retaining agent: Sodium acrylate based water retaining agent, the proportion is 20%, to enhance the water retention capacity in arid areas.

[0069] Slow-release fertilizer: NPK ratio of 10:10:10, accounting for 15% of the total mass, ensuring long-term nutrient supply to vegetation, with a slow-release period of 6 months.

[0070] Microbial additives: Use rhizobia and mycorrhizal fungi at a ratio of 10% and incubate at 25°C for 25 minutes to promote the interaction between the roots and the rock formation and increase nutrient absorption.

[0071] Cellulose: 20% of the total coating mass, improves water uniformity by strengthening the soil structure.

[0072] 3. Modular planting cups:

[0073] Vegetation area: Use biodegradable PLA material, fill with 3% water-retaining agent peat soil, and select drought-resistant plant seeds such as small-leaved caragana and caragana.

[0074] Nutrient reserve area: composed of 40% humus, 10% water retaining agent, 20% slow-release fertilizer, 15% perlite, and 15% cellulose to ensure that the roots have sufficient nutrient support.

[0075] 4. Later maintenance: In the early vegetation growth period, watering is done manually every 10 days, and the watering plan is adjusted in real time based on meteorological data. The water retention performance of the inner wall coating effectively prolongs the water retention time and reduces the frequency of watering.

[0076] This embodiment is suitable for extremely arid environments, significantly improves the survival rate of vegetation, and reduces the consumption of artificial water resources.

[0077] Example 2: Ecological restoration of rock slopes in rainy areas in the south

[0078] Background: Southern regions such as Hunan and Jiangxi have abundant rainfall, but slope vegetation restoration is challenging due to rainwater erosion and soil loss. It is necessary to prevent soil erosion and use the abundant precipitation resources for vegetation restoration.

[0079] The construction process of planting holes for ecological restoration of rock slopes includes the following steps:

[0080] 1. Planting hole design: The diameter is 8 cm, the depth is 75 cm, and the inclination angle is set to 10 degrees to ensure that rainwater can slowly enter the planting hole and prevent rainwater loss.

[0081] 2. Inner wall coating:

[0082] Polyvinyl alcohol: accounts for 30% of the total mass of the coating, dissolved in deionized water at 60°C, the coating is slightly thin, which is conducive to the rapid penetration of rainwater.

[0083] Water retaining agent: Potassium acrylate based water retaining agent, the proportion is 15% to balance the excess moisture in the rainy season.

[0084] Slow-release fertilizer: NPK ratio is 10:5:15, accounting for 20% of the total mass, ensuring that nutrients will not be lost too quickly during the rainy season, and the slow-release period is 9 months.

[0085] Microbial additives: Mainly root-promoting mycorrhizal fungi, accounting for 5%, which enhance the root system's ability to extend in a humid environment.

[0086] Cellulose: accounts for 25% of the total mass of the coating and prevents soil erosion by strengthening the structure.

[0087] 3. Modular planting cups:

[0088] Vegetation area: Use biodegradable PLA material, fill with 2% water-retaining agent peat soil, and choose moisture-resistant vines such as ivy for planting.

[0089] Nutrient reserve area: composed of 35% humus, 8% water retaining agent, 25% slow-release fertilizer, 15% perlite, and 17% cellulose, to ensure good development of plant roots in a rainy environment.

[0090] 4. Post-maintenance: Due to the abundant rainfall in the area, the frequency of watering is reduced. It is only necessary to add water appropriately after the rainy season, and regularly check the moisture retention effect of the coating. Monitor the growth of vegetation every 2 months to ensure sufficient nutrient supply.

[0091] By adjusting the water permeability of the coating and the use of a balanced water retaining agent, this embodiment is suitable for rainy environments, preventing soil erosion and improving vegetation stability.

[0092] Example 3: Ecological restoration of exposed rock slopes after mining

[0093] Background: The exposed rock slopes after mining have extremely poor soil, no vegetation cover, and severe weathering. In this environment, ecological restoration is difficult and requires strong vegetation support and root stabilization.

[0094] The construction process of planting holes for ecological restoration of rock slopes includes the following steps:

[0095] 1. Planting hole design: The diameter is 12 cm, the depth is 90 cm, and the inclination is set to 20 degrees to ensure that the planting hole is deep enough to adapt to the special terrain of exposed rocks after mining.

[0096] 2. Inner wall coating:

[0097] Polyvinyl alcohol: 40% of the total mass of the coating, dissolved in deionized water at 80°C, the coating is thicker to improve its water retention effect on the barren rock surface.

[0098] Water retaining agent: Sodium acrylate based water retaining agent, the proportion is 25%, to adapt to the extremely scarce water situation in this environment.

[0099] Slow release fertilizer: NPK in a 15:15:15 ratio, accounting for 20% of total mass, provides nutrient support for 12 months, promoting early growth of vegetation in poor environments.

[0100] Microbial additives: nitrogen-fixing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi, at a ratio of 10%, help improve plant nutrient utilization in the poor environment of the mine.

[0101] Cellulose: accounts for 20% of the total weight of the coating and helps the coating remain stable on the rock surface.

[0102] 3. Modular planting cups:

[0103] Vegetation area: Thick-walled biodegradable PLA material is used with a degradation time of 14 months, filled with peat soil with 5% water retaining agent, suitable for weathering-resistant plants with well-developed root systems, such as mountain apricots and shrubs.

[0104] Nutrient reserve area: It is composed of 45% humus, 12% water retaining agent, 20% slow-release fertilizer, 13% perlite and 10% cellulose, ensuring that plants in the poor environment of the mining area obtain sufficient nutrients.

[0105] 4. Post-maintenance: Due to the dry and barren nature of the mining area, the frequency of artificial watering is once every 7 days to ensure that the water retention effect of the coating is effective. Regularly add slow-release fertilizers and adjust nutrition according to the growth of vegetation.

[0106] By enhancing the water retention and nutrient supply of the coating, this embodiment can help vegetation take root and grow in an extremely barren rock environment, ensuring ecological restoration of the mine slope.

[0107] Example 4: Ecological restoration of landslide areas in mountainous areas

[0108] Background: Landslide zones in mountainous areas are often accompanied by soil erosion and slope instability, which require vegetation roots to enhance slope stability and prevent further landslides.

[0109] The construction process of planting holes for ecological restoration of rock slopes includes the following steps:

[0110] 1. Planting hole design: diameter is 10 cm, depth is 85 cm, and inclination is 12 degrees to ensure that the roots of vegetation can quickly stabilize on the slope.

[0111] 2. Inner wall coating:

[0112] Polyvinyl alcohol: accounts for 35% of the total mass of the coating, dissolves in deionized water at 70°C to form a uniform coating and enhance the adhesion of the coating.

[0113] Water retaining agent: Potassium acrylate based water retaining agent, the proportion is 20%, to balance excessive water loss.

[0114] Slow-release fertilizer: NPK in a ratio of 10:10:15, accounting for 20% of the total mass, promotes strong growth of the root system.

[0115] Microbial additives: The ratio is 10%, used to enhance the adaptability of plants in landslide areas.

[0116] Cellulose: 15% of the total coating mass, prevents soil loss on the slope.

[0117] 3. Modular planting cups:

[0118] Vegetation area: Use PLA material, peat soil filled with 3% water retaining agent, and select shrubs and climbing plants with strong root systems, such as Caragana and Prunus armeniaca.

[0119] Nutrient reserve area: composed of 35% humus, 10% water retaining agent, 25% slow-release fertilizer, 15% perlite, and 15% cellulose.

[0120] 4. Post-maintenance: Regularly check the root growth of slope vegetation and monitor every 2 months according to the stability of the landslide to ensure that the slope is effectively reinforced.

[0121] By strengthening the growth of the root system and taking soil and water conservation measures, this embodiment can effectively prevent soil and water loss in the landslide area and improve the stability of the slope.

[0122] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A planting hole construction process for rock slope ecological restoration, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Drill planting holes at selected locations on the rock slope. The diameter of the planting holes is 8-12 cm, the depth is 70-90 cm, and the inclination is 10-20 degrees. The planting hole consists of a regular cylindrical hole-forming section at the top and a crushing section at the bottom. The depth of the hole-forming section is 40-60 cm, and the depth of the crushing section is 20-30 cm. A layer of water-absorbing and moisture-retaining coating is applied to the inner wall of the planting hole, wherein the coating material includes 30-40% biodegradable polymer, 15-25% water-retaining agent, 10-20% slow-release fertilizer, 5-15% microbial additive and 15-25% cellulose; A modular planting cup is placed in the planting hole, and the planting cup includes a vegetation area and a nutrient reserve area, wherein the vegetation area is used for placing plant seeds or seedlings, and the nutrient reserve area is used for providing nutrient support.

2. The planting hole construction process for rock slope ecological restoration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The biodegradable polymer in the water-absorbing and moisturizing coating is polyvinyl alcohol, the water retaining agent is a sodium acrylate-based water retaining agent, the slow-release fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the microbial additive includes nitrogen-fixing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi, and the cellulose is plant fiber.

3. The planting hole construction process for rock slope ecological restoration according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The preparation method of the water-absorbing and moisturizing coating comprises the following steps: Dissolve polyvinyl alcohol in deionized water at 60-80°C, stir for 30-45 minutes to form a uniform solution, and control the viscosity of the solution at 4000-6000 cP; Adding a sodium acrylate-based water-retaining agent into the above solution and dispersing it using ultrasonic waves; Soak the slow-release fertilizers NPK in a 30-40°C aqueous solution for 5-10 minutes in advance; The microbial additive is mixed with the plant-derived cellulose, 10-15% of water is added to the total amount of the premix, and an incubation treatment is performed at a temperature of 25-30° C. for 20-30 minutes; The pretreated slow-release fertilizer and the premixed microorganism-cellulose mixture are gradually added to the polyvinyl alcohol and water retaining agent solution, and low-speed shear mixing is adopted at 300-500 rpm, and the mixing time is 15-25 minutes, and the temperature is maintained at 25-35°C; After mixing, the mixture was placed in a vacuum environment of 0.08-0.1 MPa for degassing for 10-15 minutes; The final water-absorbing and moisturizing coating is obtained.

4. The planting hole construction process for rock slope ecological restoration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The vegetation area of ​​the modular planting cup is made of degradable polylactic acid material and is filled with peat soil or mixed soil containing 2-5% water retaining agent.

5. The planting hole construction process for rock slope ecological restoration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The nutrient reserve area of ​​the modular planting cup is composed of 35-45% humus soil, 8-12% water retaining agent, 15-25% slow-release fertilizer, 10-20% perlite and 10-20% cellulose.

6. The planting hole construction process for rock slope ecological restoration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The outer wall of the modular planting cup is provided with multiple groups of ventilation holes with a hole diameter of 1-3 mm and a hole spacing of 3-7 cm to promote air circulation and root extension.

7. The planting hole construction process for rock slope ecological restoration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The crushing section crushes rocks by mechanical equipment to form irregular crack structures, which are used to enhance the contact between plant roots and rock formations and promote the absorption of water and nutrients.

8. The planting hole construction process for rock slope ecological restoration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The nutrient reserve area within the modular planting cup includes nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium slow-release fertilizers.

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