Metal separation method and centrifugal equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a metal separation method which comprises the following steps: heating and melting: heating a first sample to a preset temperature Ta, and preserving heat for a preset time t1; carrying out cooling centrifugal filtration operation according to a preset sequence, and separating the to-be-separated components, including cooling, cooling the first sample to a precipitation temperature corresponding to the to-be-separated components at a preset speed, and carrying out heat preservation for a preset time length t2; and performing centrifugal filtration, performing centrifugal treatment on the first sample at a first angular velocity omega 1, performing filtration at the same time, taking the filtered liquid as a new first sample, and taking the filtered solid as the obtained to-be-separated component. The first sample is heated, so that the whole first sample is in a molten state, specific components are separated out after the first sample is cooled, then screening of solid and liquid parts is accelerated through a centrifugal treatment mode, the filtering speed is increased, the heat preservation time is shortened, and energy consumption is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of metal smelting, and in particular to a metal separation method and centrifugal equipment. Background Art

[0002] In the process of metal smelting, pyrometallurgy is usually used to separate mixed metals, which can separate mixed different metals or alloys to obtain relatively pure single metal or alloy. In the process of pyrometallurgy, the separation efficiency of the precipitated metal solid and the liquid part is low, which takes a long time, resulting in long heating and insulation time, thus resulting in high energy consumption. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the problem of low metal separation efficiency in the prior art, the present invention provides a metal separation method, comprising:

[0004] Heat and melt, heat the first sample to a preset temperature T a , and keep warm for a predetermined time t1;

[0005] The cooling centrifugal filtration operation is performed in a predetermined order to separate the components to be separated, including:

[0006] Cooling the first sample to a precipitation temperature corresponding to the component to be separated at a preset speed, and keeping the temperature for a preset time t2;

[0007] Centrifugal filtration: the first sample is centrifuged at a first angular velocity ω1 and filtered at the same time, the liquid after filtration is used as a new first sample, and the solid matter is the obtained component to be separated.

[0008] Centrifuging the first sample at a first angular velocity ω1 comprises,

[0009] During the centrifugation of the first sample at the first angular velocity ω1, the rotational velocity is changed to the second angular velocity ω2, and then the rotational velocity is changed back to the first angular velocity ω1.

[0010] The first sample is centrifuged at a first angular velocity and filtered simultaneously, comprising:

[0011] A filter screen is arranged in the centrifugal device, and the first sample is placed on the filter screen so that the solid matter and the liquid part are separated by the filter screen under the action of centrifugal force.

[0012] It also includes pre-analyzing the first sample to obtain component information of the first sample, and determining the precipitation temperature and preset order corresponding to each component according to the component information.

[0013] Pre-analyzing the first sample to obtain component information of the first sample includes:

[0014] The first sample is heated to a preset temperature Tb , melting the first sample;

[0015] Centrifuging the first sample to separate the first sample into layers;

[0016] Allowing the first sample to cool and solidify at a preset speed;

[0017] The delamination of the first sample was observed and the main metal components of each layer were determined.

[0018] Determine the precipitation temperature and preset order of each component according to the component information, including:

[0019] The melting point temperature corresponding to each layer of components is determined according to the metal composition of each layer of components, and the components are sorted from high to low according to the melting temperature to obtain a preset order.

[0020] Determine the precipitation temperature and preset order of each component according to the component information, including:

[0021] The components are sorted according to the melting point temperature, and the precipitation temperature corresponding to the component is lower than the melting point temperature of the component and between the melting point temperatures of the components adjacent to the component.

[0022] On the other hand, the present invention provides a centrifugal device, including a filtrate bin, a centrifugal filter bin that can rotate around its own rotation axis, and a power mechanism for driving the centrifugal filter bin to rotate, the side wall of the centrifugal filter bin is provided with filter holes, the centrifugal filter bin is located in the filtrate bin, and a heating mechanism for heating the centrifugal filter bin and the filtrate bin is provided outside the filtrate bin.

[0023] A cone is provided on the side wall of the centrifugal filtration chamber. When centrifugal filtration is performed, the change in angular velocity causes the solid matter supported by the cone to move relative to the centrifugal filtration chamber, thereby changing the angle and position of the solid matter, making it easier to separate the liquid and solid matter.

[0024] The metal separation method provided by the present invention heats the first sample to make the first sample as a whole in a molten state, cools the first sample to precipitate specific components, and then accelerates the screening of solid and liquid parts through centrifugal treatment, thereby increasing the filtration speed, shortening the insulation time, and reducing energy consumption. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0026] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the pre-analysis process of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cooling centrifugal filtration process of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heating centrifuge of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the centrifuge tank of the heating centrifuge of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the high temperature centrifuge of the present invention.

[0031] 1-weight block, 2-centrifugal tank, 3-rotating shaft, 4-insulating layer, 5-resistance wire, 6-quartz container, 7-refractory layer, 8-electric heating wire, 9-filtrate chamber, 10-centrifugal filtration chamber, 11-filtration hole, 12-filtrate outlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] A metal separation method, firstly taking a first sample to be separated for preliminary analysis, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0035] S101 takes a small amount of the first sample and puts it into the quartz container 6, and puts the quartz container 6 into a heating centrifuge,

[0036] The heating centrifuge has a rotating shaft 3, which is used to drive the driving mechanism of the rotating shaft 3. The rotating shaft 3 is symmetrically provided with a centrifugal tank 2 and a counterweight 1. The weight of the counterweight 1 is adjustable to keep balance with the centrifugal tank 2 after loading. The centrifugal tank 2 is accommodated in a heat-insulating cavity. A resistance wire 5 is wound around the side wall of the centrifugal tank 2. Both ends of the resistance wire 5 are respectively connected to the wire of an external power supply through a conductor ring. When powered on, the first sample in the centrifugal tank 2 can be heated. The centrifugal tank 2 is provided with a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the first sample inside.

[0037] Use a heating centrifuge to heat the quartz container 6 and heat the first sample to a preset temperature T a After a certain period of heat preservation, the first sample in the quartz container 6 is completely melted.

[0038] Then, the molten first sample in the quartz container 6 is centrifuged using a heated centrifuge;

[0039] S102 cools the first sample in the quartz container 6 to room temperature at a rate of 10°C per minute. At this time, the first sample is in a solid state. The components in the molten first sample will be stratified under the action of centrifugal force. The first sample is polished and the stratification is observed. According to the stratification, it can be determined that several components will be separated by subsequent cooling and centrifugation. The density order of each layer can be obtained according to the position of the stratification. The metal composition of each layer can be determined by using an electron microscope, a fluorescence spectrometer, and an inductively coupled plasma spectrometer. The metal composition of each layer may be mainly a single metal component or an alloy of multiple metal components.

[0040] The melting temperature of each layer can be determined according to the metal composition of each layer. The layers are sorted from high to low according to the melting temperature, and the preset order is obtained. The melting temperatures are T m1 、T m2 、T m3 、T m4 ……、T mn , and the precipitation temperatures of the corresponding layers are determined to be T1, T2, T3, T4, T n ,in,

[0041] T m1 >T1>T m2 >T2>T m3 >T3>T m4 >T4>……>T n >T mn

[0042] In short, in this step, the components separated by subsequent cooling and centrifugal filtration and the main metal types contained in each component will be determined to guide the subsequent cooling and centrifugal filtration steps.

[0043] Separate the layers according to the preset order obtained, specifically:

[0044] S201 puts the first sample into a high temperature centrifuge,

[0045] The high temperature centrifuge has a filtrate bin 9, a centrifugal filter bin 10 is arranged inside the filtrate bin 9, the centrifugal filter bin 10 can rotate around its own rotation axis under the drive of the power mechanism, a filter hole 11 is arranged on the side wall of the centrifugal filter bin 10, and an electric heating wire 8 for heating the filtrate bin 9 and the centrifugal filter bin 10 is arranged outside the filtrate bin 9. After the first sample is placed in the centrifugal filter bin 10, the electric heating wire 8 heats the first sample to melt, and after cooling, some components are analyzed out, the centrifugal filter bin 10 rotates, the filtrate is filtered out through the filter hole 11, enters the filtrate bin 9, and the filter residue remains in the centrifugal filter bin 10.

[0046] Use a high temperature centrifuge to heat the first sample to a preset temperature T b , keep warm for 30 minutes;

[0047] S202 cools the first sample to T1 at a rate of 10°C per minute and keeps the temperature for 30 minutes;

[0048] S203 uses a high-temperature centrifuge to centrifuge the first sample at a preset angular velocity ω1. After a preset time t1, the angular velocity is changed to ω2 to increase or decrease the angular velocity of the high-temperature centrifuge. The first sample is continued to be centrifuged. After a preset time t2, the angular velocity is changed to ω1. After a preset time t3, the solid matter obtained is the layer component to be separated, and the liquid matter is used as a new first sample. Separation continues until the separation of each layer component is completed in a preset order.

[0049] The precipitated solid matter may form a cavity, and the liquid matter exists in the cavity, which is not easy to separate from the solid matter. The advantage of briefly changing the angular velocity when centrifuging the first sample at a preset angular velocity ω1 is that it can generate tangential acceleration, causing the liquid matter to move in the tangential direction relative to the solid matter, leaving the cavity and being easier to separate from the solid matter.

[0050] The side wall of the centrifugal filter chamber 10 is provided with multiple cones, which can support solid matter. When the angular velocity of the centrifugal filter chamber 10 changes, the solid matter is more likely to move relative to the centrifugal filter chamber 10 with the support of the cones, thereby allowing liquid matter to flow out of the cavity and promoting the separation of liquid and solid matter.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] In this embodiment, in order to reduce energy consumption and improve separation efficiency, the preset temperature T b Determined as T1, the component with the highest melting point in the preset order, i.e., the first layer component, does not need to be cooled and precipitated, and is always in a solid state, and can be directly separated by centrifugal filtration.

[0053] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative, wherein the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the scheme of this embodiment. Ordinary technicians in this field can understand and implement it without paying creative labor.

[0054] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A metal separation method, characterized in that: include: Heat and melt, heat the first sample to a preset temperature T a , and keep warm for a predetermined time t1; Perform cooling centrifugal filtration operations in a predetermined order to separate the components to be separated. include, Cooling the first sample to a precipitation temperature corresponding to the component to be separated at a preset speed, and keeping the temperature for a preset time t2; Centrifugal filtration: the first sample is centrifuged at a first angular velocity ω1 and filtered at the same time, the liquid after filtration is used as a new first sample, and the solid matter is the obtained component to be separated.

2. The metal separation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The centrifuging the first sample at a first angular velocity ω1 comprises: During the centrifugation of the first sample at the first angular velocity ω1, the rotational velocity is changed to the second angular velocity ω2, and then the rotational velocity is changed back to the first angular velocity ω1.

3. The metal separation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The centrifuging the first sample at a first angular velocity and filtering at the same time comprises: A filter screen is arranged in the centrifugal device, and the first sample is placed on the filter screen, so that the solid matter and the liquid part are separated by the filter screen under the action of centrifugal force.

4. The metal separation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes pre-analyzing the first sample to obtain component information of the first sample, and determining the precipitation temperature and preset order corresponding to each component according to the component information.

5. The metal separation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pre-analyzing of the first sample to obtain component information of the first sample includes: The first sample is heated to a preset temperature T b , melting the first sample; Centrifuging the first sample to separate the first sample into layers; Allowing the first sample to cool and solidify at a preset speed; The delamination of the first sample was observed and the main metal components of each layer were determined.

6. The metal separation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: Determining the precipitation temperature and preset order corresponding to each component according to the component information includes: The melting point temperature corresponding to each layer of components is determined according to the metal composition of each layer of components, and the components are sorted from high to low according to the melting temperature to obtain a preset order.

7. The metal separation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: Determining the precipitation temperature and preset order corresponding to each component according to the component information includes: The components are sorted according to the melting point temperature, and the precipitation temperature corresponding to the component is lower than the melting point temperature of the component and between the melting point temperatures of the components adjacent to the component.

8. A centrifugal device, characterized in that: Used to implement the method described in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising a filtrate bin, a centrifugal filter bin that can rotate around its own rotation axis, and a power mechanism for driving the centrifugal filter bin to rotate, the side wall of the centrifugal filter bin is provided with filter holes, the centrifugal filter bin is located in the filtrate bin, and a heating mechanism for heating the centrifugal filter bin and the filtrate bin is provided outside the filtrate bin.

9. The centrifugal device according to claim 8, characterized in that The side wall of the centrifugal filtration chamber is provided with a cone. When centrifugal filtration is performed, the angular velocity changes, causing the solid matter supported by the cone to move relative to the centrifugal filtration chamber, thereby changing the angle and position of the solid matter, making it easy to separate the liquid matter from the solid matter.

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