Intelligent drill bit

Abstract

The intelligent drill bit comprises a drill bit body, a supporting mechanism, a measuring mechanism and a controller, and the drill bit body comprises a fixing part and a cutting part; the supporting mechanism comprises at least one supporting assembly in one-to-one correspondence with the telescopic holes. The measuring mechanism comprises a torque sensor and at least one vibration sensor in one-to-one correspondence with the supporting rods. The drill bit has the beneficial effects that the rock cutting amount of the drill bit during rotation each time is controlled through the cutting depth, so that the rock cutting amount of single rotation of the drill bit is controlled to be smaller in a harder rock stratum so as to reduce the load of the drill bit, and the rock cutting amount of single rotation of the drill bit is controlled to be larger in a softer rock stratum so as to improve the drilling efficiency; by means of the device, the drilling parameters of the drill bit can be automatically adjusted according to different working conditions, and the drill bit can keep the best drilling effect in various different stratums.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of drilling tools, and in particular to an intelligent drill bit. Background Art

[0002] Drill bits are an indispensable key tool in the oil drilling process. Their main function is to break rocks and form wellbores. Rotary drill bits are the most commonly used drill bits in the oil industry. They can rotate continuously under the drive of the drill pipe, breaking the rocks that hinder the progress of the drill bit through rotation, thus achieving the purpose of downward drilling.

[0003] Affected by the formation lithology, the performance of the drill bit varies greatly under different working conditions. The common formation lithology is as follows:

[0004] (1) Soft rock formations: such as clay, mudstone and shale. These formations are soft, have fast drilling speeds and are prone to mud packing. In such formations, the drill bit wears slowly and the drilling efficiency is high.

[0005] (2) Hard rock formations: such as sandstone, conglomerate and limestone. These formations are hard, the drilling speed is slow, and the wear on the drill bit is large. In hard rock formations, the drill bit needs to withstand greater pressure and torque, so the wear rate is faster and the drilling efficiency is relatively low.

[0006] (3) Soft and hard alternating strata: such as mudstone alternating with harder sandstone. This type of strata is prone to drill bit vibration, affecting the stability of the drilling process.

[0007] After various drill bits are designed and produced, their parameters remain unchanged. When drilling in different formations, the drill bit parameters cannot be adjusted according to different working conditions, thereby failing to maintain the best drilling effect in various formations. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned technical deficiencies and to propose an intelligent drill bit to solve the technical problem that after various drill bits in the prior art are designed and produced, their parameters remain unchanged, and when drilling in different strata, the drill bit parameters cannot be adjusted according to different working conditions, thereby failing to maintain the best drilling effect in various strata.

[0009] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0010] The present invention provides an intelligent drill bit, comprising:

[0011] A drill body, the drill body comprising a fixing portion and a cutting portion, one end of the cutting portion is mounted on the fixing portion, the other end of the cutting portion is formed with at least one cutting tooth, and the cutting portion is uniformly penetrated with at least one telescopic hole;

[0012] A support mechanism, the support mechanism comprising at least one support assembly corresponding to each of the telescopic holes, the support assembly comprising a support rod and a telescopic driving member, the support rod being slidably inserted in the telescopic hole, the telescopic driving member being connected to the support rod and used to drive the support rod to move along the telescopic hole;

[0013] a measuring mechanism, the measuring mechanism comprising a torque sensor and at least one vibration sensor corresponding to each of the support rods, the torque sensor being arranged between the fixing portion and the cutting portion and used for detecting the torque between the cutting portion and the fixing portion, and the vibration sensor being arranged on the corresponding support rod; and,

[0014] A controller is connected to the torque sensor, the vibration sensor and each of the telescopic driving members, and is used to control the extension length of each of the telescopic driving members according to the detection data of the torque sensor and the vibration sensor.

[0015] In some embodiments, the cross-sectional shape of the support rod is non-circular and cannot rotate in the telescopic hole, and a screw hole is provided at the center of the support rod;

[0016] The telescopic driving member comprises a stepping motor and a screw rod. The stepping motor is fixed to the fixing portion. The output shaft of the stepping motor is fixedly connected to one end of the screw rod. The other end of the screw rod is threadedly inserted into the screw hole.

[0017] In some embodiments, a first flow hole is opened at the center of the fixing portion, a second flow hole connected to the first flow hole is opened at the center of the cutting portion, and at least one water hole connected to the second flow hole is opened at one end of the cutting portion.

[0018] In some embodiments, the smart drill also includes a power generation mechanism, which includes a power generation shell, a pivot, a permanent magnet, a generating coil, a brush and a battery. The pivot is rotatably arranged in the power generation shell, and at least one protrusion is fixed on the inner wall of the pivot. Each protrusion is formed with a pushing surface oblique to the axis of the pivot. The permanent magnet is fixed on the inner wall of the power generation shell, the generating coil is fixed on the outer wall of the pivot, and the brush is fixed on the pivot. One end of the brush is electrically connected to the generating coil, and the other end of the brush is electrically connected to the battery. The battery is electrically connected to the controller, the torque sensor, each of the vibration sensors and each of the telescopic drive components.

[0019] In some embodiments, at least one guide groove is provided on the outer side wall of the power generating housing.

[0020] In some embodiments, the measuring mechanism further includes an inclinometer, and the inclinometer is installed in the power generation housing.

[0021] In some embodiments, the measuring mechanism further includes a pressure sensor, and the pressure sensor is disposed on an outer side wall of the cutting portion.

[0022] In some embodiments, the measuring mechanism further includes an internal temperature sensor and an external temperature sensor, the internal temperature sensor is disposed in the second flow hole, and the external temperature sensor is disposed on the outer side wall of the cutting portion.

[0023] In some embodiments, the smart drill bit also includes a multi-parameter measurement mechanism, which includes a core circuit board, an integrated microprocessor, an analog-to-digital converter, a three-axis acceleration sensor, a three-axis gyroscope sensor, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a drilling pressure sensor and a torque sensor, and the three-axis acceleration sensor, the three-axis gyroscope sensor, the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor, the drilling pressure sensor and the torque sensor are all electrically connected to the core circuit board.

[0024] The present invention also provides a downhole control method of an intelligent drill bit, which is applicable to the intelligent drill bit and comprises the following steps:

[0025] S1. During drilling, obtaining the torque between the cutting part and the fixing part detected by a torque sensor;

[0026] S2. According to the torque between the cutting part and the fixing part, the telescopic length of each telescopic driving member is controlled. The greater the torque, the greater the telescopic length of each telescopic driving member, and the end of each support rod does not protrude from the cutting teeth.

[0027] S3, during drilling, obtaining the vibration intensity of the corresponding support rod detected by the vibration sensor, and when the vibration intensity of all the support rods is greater than a first preset vibration intensity, controlling each of the telescopic drive members to extend so that the end of each support rod protrudes from the cutting tooth;

[0028] S4. Continue to detect the vibration intensity of each support rod. When the vibration intensity of a support rod is greater than the second preset vibration intensity, record the position of the support rod at this time. When all subsequent support rods are rotated to this position, the support rod is retracted into the telescopic hole through the corresponding telescopic drive member. After leaving this position, the support rod is extended and protrudes from the cutting tooth through the corresponding telescopic drive member.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the intelligent drill bit device provided by the present invention are: by arranging a retractable support rod on the cutting part, and detecting the torque between the cutting part and the fixed part through a torque sensor, the hardness of the current cutting rock formation is determined by the torque, and then the extension length of the support rod is controlled to control the cutting depth of the cutting teeth, and the rock cutting amount during each rotation of the drill bit is controlled by the cutting depth, so that the rock cutting amount of a single rotation of the drill bit in a harder rock formation is controlled to be less to reduce the drill bit load, and the rock cutting amount of a single rotation of the drill bit in a softer rock formation is controlled to be more to improve the drilling efficiency. Therefore, the device can realize automatic adjustment of the drilling parameters of the drill bit according to different working conditions, so that the drill bit can maintain the best drilling effect in various formations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a smart drill provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the smart drill in another perspective;

[0032] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 The structural diagram of the intelligent drill in FIG.

[0033] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 An exploded view of the smart drill in ;

[0034] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 An exploded view of a support assembly in

[0035] Figure 6 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the smart drill after omitting the power-generating housing;

[0036] Figure 7 yes Figure 3 Section view of mid-section AA;

[0037] Figure 8 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the extension length of the support rod of the smart drill bit in rock formations with different hardness;

[0038] Fig. 9 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the support rod of the smart drill bit extending and retracting in the soft and hard interlaced rock formation;

[0039] Fig.10 It is the overall structural block diagram of the invented multi-parameter measurement system;

[0040] Fig.11This is the functional block diagram of the core circuit board;

[0041] Fig.12 This is the working principle diagram of the power management module;

[0042] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: 1-drill body, 11-fixing part, 111-first flow hole, 12-cutting part, 121-cutting tooth, 122-telescopic hole, 123-second flow hole, 124-water hole, 2-support mechanism, 21-support assembly, 211-support rod, 2111-screw hole, 212-telescopic drive member, 2121-stepping motor, 2122-screw, 3-measuring mechanism, 31-torque sensor, 32-vibration sensor, 33-inclinometer, 34-pressure sensor, 35-internal temperature sensor, 36-external temperature sensor, 4-electricity generating mechanism, 41-electricity generating shell, 411-guide groove, 42-pivot, 421-protrusion, 43-permanent magnet, 44-generating coil, 45-brush. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] See also Figure 1-Figure 9 , Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of an intelligent drill bit in an embodiment of the present invention. The intelligent drill bit includes a drill bit body 1, a supporting mechanism 2, a measuring mechanism 3 and a controller.

[0044] The drill body 1 includes a fixing portion 11 and a cutting portion 12 . One end of the cutting portion 12 is mounted on the fixing portion 11 . The other end of the cutting portion 12 is formed with at least one cutting tooth 121 . The cutting portion 12 is uniformly penetrated by at least one telescopic hole 122 .

[0045] The support mechanism 2 includes at least one support assembly 21 corresponding to each of the telescopic holes 122, and the support assembly includes a support rod 211 and a telescopic driving member 212. The support rod 211 is slidably inserted in the telescopic hole 122, and the telescopic driving member 212 is connected to the support rod 211 and is used to drive the support rod 211 to move along the telescopic hole 122.

[0046] The measuring mechanism 3 includes a torque sensor 31 and at least one vibration sensor 32 corresponding to each of the support rods 211. The torque sensor 31 is arranged between the fixing part 11 and the cutting part 12 and is used to detect the torque between the cutting part 12 and the fixing part 11. The vibration sensor 32 is arranged on the corresponding support rod 211.

[0047] The controller is connected to the torque sensor 31 , the vibration sensor 32 and each of the telescopic driving members 212 , and is used to control the extension length of each of the telescopic driving members 212 according to the detection data of the torque sensor 31 and the vibration sensor 32 .

[0048] During drilling, the torque between the cutting part 12 and the fixing part 11 is detected by the torque sensor 31; according to the torque between the cutting part 12 and the fixing part 11, the telescopic length of each telescopic driving member 212 is controlled. The greater the torque, the greater the telescopic length of each telescopic driving member 212, and the end of each support rod 211 does not protrude from the cutting tooth 121.

[0049] The principle is as follows:

[0050] like Figure 8 As shown, when the telescopic driving member 212 drives the support rod 211 to extend or retract, what is actually adjusted is the cutting depth h of the cutting tooth 121. For a general drill bit, the cutting depth h of the cutting tooth 121 of the drill bit is fixed and is equal to the distance between the outermost side of the cutting tooth 121 and the connection between the cutting tooth 121 and the cutting portion 12. In the present invention, by providing a telescopic support rod 211, the distance between the end of the support rod 211 and the outermost side of the cutting tooth 121 is the cutting depth h. This is because when the cutting tooth 121 cuts the rock formation, when the end of the support rod 211 abuts against the rock formation, the cutting tooth 121 cannot continue to cut. Therefore, the distance between the end of the support rod 211 and the outermost side of the cutting tooth 121, that is, the cutting depth h, can control the amount of rock cutting per rotation of the drill bit. When the cutting depth h is large, the amount of rock cutting per rotation of the drill bit is large, and when the cutting depth h is small, the amount of rock cutting per rotation of the drill bit is small.

[0051] When the torque between the cutting part 12 and the fixing part 11 is large, it indicates that the hardness of the current cutting rock layer is large, so the rock cutting amount per rotation of the drill bit needs to be small to reduce the load of the drill bit during cutting. Therefore, at this time, the telescopic length of the telescopic driving member 212 needs to be larger, so as to make the cutting depth h smaller (such as Figure 8 On the contrary, when the torque between the cutting part 12 and the fixing part 11 is small, it indicates that the hardness of the current cutting rock formation is small, so it is necessary to make the rock cutting amount larger each time the drill bit rotates to improve the cutting efficiency. Therefore, at this time, it is necessary to make the telescopic length of the telescopic driving member 212 smaller, so as to make the cutting depth h larger (such as Figure 8 (a) Figure ).

[0052] The technical solution provided by the present invention is to set a retractable support rod 211 on the cutting part 12, and detect the torque between the cutting part 12 and the fixed part 11 through the torque sensor 31, and determine the hardness of the current cutting rock formation through the torque, so as to control the extension length of the support rod 211 to control the cutting depth of the cutting tooth 121, and control the rock cutting amount of each rotation of the drill bit through the cutting depth, so as to control the rock cutting amount of a single rotation of the drill bit in a harder rock formation to reduce the load on the drill bit, and control the rock cutting amount of a single rotation of the drill bit in a softer rock formation to improve the drilling efficiency. Therefore, the device can realize automatic adjustment of the drilling parameters of the drill bit according to different working conditions, so that the drill bit can maintain the best drilling effect in various formations.

[0053] In one embodiment, see Figure 3 and Figure 4 The cutting part 12 has a cylindrical opening that matches the fixing part 11. The cutting part 12 is sleeved on the fixing part 11 through the cylindrical opening. The torque sensor 31 is embedded between the cutting part 12 and the fixing part 11 and is used to detect the torque between the cutting part 12 and the fixing part 11. The torque sensor 31 can be a strain gauge. When the torque force on the cutting part 12 is greater, the pressure acting on the strain gauge is greater, so the torque between the cutting part 12 and the fixing part 11 can be calculated according to the pressure value detected by the strain gauge. In this embodiment, the torque sensor 31 is embedded between the cutting part 12 and the fixing part 11, which can reduce the difficulty of arranging the torque sensor 31. The torque sensor 31 can also be other types of sensors, which is not limited by the present invention.

[0054] In one embodiment, see Figure 3-Figure 5 The cross-sectional shape of the support rod 211 is non-circular and cannot rotate in the telescopic hole 122. A screw hole 2111 is provided at the center of the support rod 211. The telescopic drive member 212 includes a stepper motor 2121 and a screw rod 2122. The stepper motor 2121 is fixed to the fixed portion 11. The output shaft of the stepper motor 2121 is fixedly connected to one end of the screw rod 2122. The other end of the screw rod 2122 is threadedly inserted into the screw hole 2111. When in use, the stepper motor 2121 drives the screw rod 2122 to rotate, and the screw rod 2122 acts on the support rod 211. Since the support rod 211 cannot rotate in the telescopic hole 122, the rotation of the screw rod 2122 is converted into a translational movement of the support rod 211, so that the support rod 211 extends or retracts along the telescopic hole 122. In this embodiment, the stepper motor 2121 is used to control the extension and retraction of the support rod 211, so as to improve the control accuracy of the support rod 211.

[0055] It should be pointed out that, in other embodiments, the telescopic driving member 212 may also be a hydraulic cylinder or other types of linear motion driving members, which is not limited in the present invention.

[0056] In one embodiment, see Figure 1-Figure 4 A first flow hole 111 is provided at the center of the fixing portion 11, a second flow hole 123 connected to the first flow hole 111 is provided at the center of the cutting portion 12, and at least one water hole 124 connected to the second flow hole 123 is provided at one end of the cutting portion 12. When in use, the drilling fluid in the drill pipe enters the second flow hole 123 through the first flow hole 111 and is then discharged from each water hole 124, which can cool the drill bit and take away the rock cuttings generated by cutting.

[0057] In one embodiment, see Figure 3 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 The intelligent drill also includes a power generation mechanism 4, which includes a power generation housing 41, a pivot 42, a permanent magnet 43, a power generation coil 44, a brush 45 and a battery. The pivot 42 is rotatably arranged in the power generation housing 41, and at least one protrusion 421 is fixed on the inner side wall of the pivot 42. Each protrusion 421 is formed with a pushing surface oblique to the axis of the pivot 42. The permanent magnet 43 is fixed on the inner side wall of the power generation housing 41, the power generation coil 44 is fixed on the outer side wall of the pivot 42, and the brush 45 is fixed on the pivot 42. One end of the brush 45 is electrically connected to the power generation coil 44. The other end of the brush 45 is electrically connected to the battery, and the battery is electrically connected to the controller, the torque sensor 31, each of the vibration sensors 32 and each of the telescopic drive members 212. When in use, when the drilling fluid passes through the pivot 42, it acts on each of the protrusions 421, thereby driving the pivot 42 to rotate, and the pivot 42 drives the generating coil 44 to rotate. When the generating coil 44 rotates, it cuts the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet 43, so that the generating coil 44 generates an induced current during the rotation process. The induced current enters the battery storage through the pivot 42, thereby charging the battery, and the battery can power all other electrical devices. In this embodiment, by setting the power generation mechanism 4, the battery can be powered, so that the capacity of the battery does not need to be very large, reducing the production cost.

[0058] In one embodiment, see Figure 2 At least one guide groove 411 is also provided on the outer wall of the power generating shell 41. By providing the guide groove 411, the fluid in the annulus can pass through, thereby increasing the heat dissipation area of ​​the power generating shell 41 and improving the heat dissipation effect.

[0059] In one embodiment, see Figure 3The measuring mechanism 3 further includes an inclinometer 33, which is installed in the power generating housing 41. The inclinometer 33 can measure the well inclination angle, thereby obtaining the wellbore trajectory.

[0060] In one embodiment, see Figure 3 The measuring mechanism 3 also includes a pressure sensor 34, and the pressure sensor 34 is arranged on the outer wall of the cutting part 12. When the drilling pressure measured by the pressure sensor 34 maintains a stable value, it means that the drill bit is in a stable state (generally load). At this time, referring to the forward speed of the drill bit, the rock cutting amount per unit time can be known, and then the general properties of the rock cuttings can be further clarified by monitoring the bottom hole flow pressure, and a characteristic value can be obtained. When the bottom hole pressure drops suddenly, it indicates that a leakage site is encountered. When the bottom hole pressure increases suddenly, it indicates that the rear of the drill bit may have a collapse caused by the instability of the well wall and other mud return obstruction sites. At this time, it is necessary to control the wellbore flow pressure and avoid continuing to increase the pressure to break the formation and cause leakage. The data all have a characteristic value. When it deviates from the normal value, it is necessary to pay attention to the safety situation in the wellbore and take preventive measures in advance to avoid safety accidents.

[0061] In one embodiment, see Figure 3 The measuring mechanism 3 further includes an internal temperature sensor 35 and an external temperature sensor 36 . The internal temperature sensor 35 is disposed in the second flow hole 123 , and the external temperature sensor 36 is disposed on the outer wall of the cutting portion 12 . Before drilling, geothermal data will be entered into the storage of this device. The internal temperature sensor 35 is mainly used to measure the cutting heat generated by the drill bit to avoid failure of the drill bit intelligent system due to excessive temperature. The external temperature sensor 36 is used to measure the annular temperature. The temperature of the annular area is used for formation temperature information, especially for the development and utilization of geothermal wells, hot dry rocks and other resources. The temperature information will be very important. At the same time, the temperature information is also for grasping the working state of the drilling fluid when it is working in the wellbore. Because the drilling fluid is a mixture and contains multiple components, after the temperature measurement is carried out, the physical and chemical properties of the drilling fluid at a specific temperature can be better evaluated, which provides a basis for the subsequent fracturing fluid selection and construction of this well, provides a reference for the drilling fluid formula of the next well, and provides guidance for the refined development of drilling plugging agents. At the same time, the measurement data occurs at the cutting point, and has data that cannot be replaced by the rear measurement device, because the data measured by the rear measurement device does not belong to the real-time drilling data, and the pressure and temperature may have changed.

[0062] In one embodiment, see Figure 10-12The intelligent drill bit also includes a multi-parameter measuring mechanism, which includes a core circuit board 1-1, an integrated microprocessor, an analog-to-digital converter, a three-axis acceleration sensor, a three-axis gyroscope sensor, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a drilling pressure sensor and a torque sensor, and the three-axis acceleration sensor, the three-axis gyroscope sensor, the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor, the drilling pressure sensor and the torque sensor are all electrically connected to the core circuit board.

[0063] The core circuit board 1-1 of the present invention adopts a GD32 microprocessor, which is responsible for controlling the operation of the entire measurement system. The microprocessor is connected to an ADS high-precision analog-to-digital converter 1-2 via a high-speed SPI bus 3-1, and the analog-to-digital converter converts analog signals collected from various sensors into digital signals for processing by the microprocessor. The core circuit board communicates with other external modules and sensors via an I2C bus 3-2 to ensure real-time synchronous collection of multiple parameters.

[0064] In addition, the system is designed with reset and debugging functions. LED status indicators 1-5 and BOOT modules 1-6 are integrated on the circuit board to provide visual feedback during system startup, operation and debugging, facilitating on-site debugging and fault recovery. The core circuit board also integrates a communication interface, using high-speed serial ports 1-7 to connect to other communication tools near the drill head by wire, to achieve data exchange between multiple devices and ensure the transmission and coordination of real-time data of the drill head.

[0065] The present invention can monitor multiple key parameters of the drill bit in real time, including drill bit trajectory, three-axis acceleration, three-axis angular velocity, rotation speed, vibration, temperature, drill bit flow pressure, annular pressure, drilling pressure, torque, annular return speed, etc. Each sensor is integrated on the core circuit board through a unified interface, which is convenient for centralized processing and management.

[0066] The three-axis acceleration sensor 1-9 and the three-axis gyroscope sensor 1-10 are used to monitor the attitude change and motion state of the drill bit. The data of these two sensors are digitized by the digital-to-analog converter 1-2 and transmitted to the core circuit board 1-1 for real-time analysis.

[0067] The temperature sensor 1-11 and the pressure sensor 1-12 are used to monitor the temperature change of the downhole drill bit and the pressure distribution in the wellbore respectively, to ensure the stable operation of the drill bit in a high temperature and high pressure environment.

[0068] The drilling pressure sensor 1-16 and the torque sensor 1-17 are used to monitor the mechanical stress of the drill bit in real time, and combined with the data of other sensors, the working efficiency and safety of the drill bit can be evaluated.

[0069] These sensors are connected to the core circuit board via the I2C 3-2 bus and the SPI bus 3-1, ensuring that all data are synchronously transmitted to the core circuit board 1-1 for fast and accurate processing.

[0070] In order to ensure the high accuracy and real-time performance of the measured data, the present invention adopts a high-precision analog-to-digital converter 1-2 (ADS) that supports multi-channel input. All analog signals collected by the sensors are digitized by the ADS. The analog-to-digital converter has high resolution and low noise characteristics, which can ensure the accuracy of data collection in complex underground environments. The digitized measurement data is transmitted to the core circuit board 1-1 for further processing, analysis and storage.

[0071] In the present invention, a non-volatile memory 1-3 is used to store key measurement data. The memory communicates with the core circuit board 1-1 via the SPI interface 3-1. When the system is working, the measurement data will be stored in the non-volatile memory in real time. Even in the case of a sudden power outage, the data can still remain intact to avoid data loss. After the system is restored to power, the data can be quickly restored to the system to ensure the continuity of the drilling operation.

[0072] In order to ensure the stable operation of the system in the complex electromagnetic environment underground, the present invention adopts a TPS DC-DC converter as a power management module 1-4 to provide a stable 3.3V voltage output for the system. The power input interface 2-1 and the output interface 2-2 are connected to the drill bit power system to ensure that the system obtains continuous and stable power supply. The design of the inductor 2-3 and the filter capacitor 2-4 of the DC-DC converter can effectively reduce the influence of power supply noise and electromagnetic interference. The module also has the characteristics of a wide input voltage range and can adapt to the fluctuation of the power supply of underground equipment.

[0073] Anti-interference design is the key to this system. Through multi-layer signal shielding, ground isolation and reasonable layout of filter capacitor 3-3, it can effectively resist complex electromagnetic interference underground and ensure the accuracy of measurement data. The power ground connection point 2-5 ensures the effective isolation of the power supply and various parts of the system, further enhancing the anti-interference ability.

[0074] The present invention is wired connected with other communication tools near the drill bit through the high-speed serial port 1-7 to achieve real-time data transmission and feedback. The core circuit board 1-1 transmits the processed data to other near-drill bit equipment or control systems through the serial port. In order to ensure the stability of data transmission, the system adopts a reliable error correction mechanism to ensure the accuracy of data transmission in a complex electromagnetic environment.

[0075] All core components of the present invention are made of high temperature and high pressure resistant materials and packaging processes, which are particularly suitable for extreme underground environments. The drill bit can maintain the stable operation of various sensors and core circuits under high temperature and high pressure conditions. Each component in the system, such as non-volatile memory 1-3, core circuit board 1-1 and power module 1-4, has undergone rigorous high temperature and high pressure testing to ensure stable operation in extreme environments. This design greatly extends the service life of the equipment and ensures that the system can continue to perform high-precision data acquisition and processing in harsh environments.

[0076] The drilling pressure sensor 1-16 and the torque sensor 1-17 in the present invention are used to monitor the axial pressure and torque of the drill bit during the downhole operation in real time. These sensors are connected to the core circuit board 1-1 through the I2C bus 3-2, and high-precision digital signal processing is performed through the ADS analog-to-digital converter 1-2. The data of drilling pressure and torque combined with other parameters (such as three-axis acceleration and angular velocity) can help the system monitor the load of the drill bit in real time, thereby optimizing the efficiency of the drilling operation, and providing early warning when the drill bit is overloaded or about to be damaged, preventing serious losses from occurring.

[0077] In order to further improve the safety and efficiency of drilling operations, the present invention uses a vibration sensor 1-13 and an annulus return speed sensor 1-18, which are respectively used to monitor the vibration state of the drill bit during downhole operations and the return speed of the annulus fluid. The vibration sensor can send a vibration signal to the core circuit board 1-1 through the high-speed SPI interface 3-1 to evaluate whether the drill bit has abnormal vibration. The annulus return speed sensor 1-18 is used to monitor the return speed of the mud in the well, thereby ensuring the normal circulation of the fluid in the well. These data combined with the data of other sensors can provide comprehensive information on downhole operations and help operators make timely adjustments to avoid accidents.

[0078] The present invention is designed with system reset function and debugging function, and LED status indicator lights 1-5 and BOOT module 1-6 help operators to debug the system and troubleshoot. When the system starts, the LED status indicator lights will provide visual feedback of the system status in different colors and flashing modes, indicating whether the current system is in normal operation, debugging mode, or a fault. The BOOT module supports different startup modes and quickly switches to the debugging or reset state through hardware booting. This function can greatly simplify the maintenance and on-site calibration process of the equipment, ensuring that the system can quickly resume operation in various environments.

[0079] The temperature sensor 1-11 in the present invention is specifically used to monitor the temperature changes around the drill bit in real time. The temperature data is transmitted to the core circuit board 1-1 through the I2C bus 3-2 and accurately digitized by the analog-to-digital converter 1-2. By monitoring the temperature changes of the drill bit, the system can provide real-time feedback on whether the drill bit is within a safe operating temperature range. If the temperature exceeds a preset threshold, the system can issue an alarm signal to notify the operator to take necessary cooling measures or suspend the drilling operation. This function can effectively prevent the drill bit from overheating and damage, and improve the safety of drilling operations and the life of the drill bit.

[0080] The pressure sensor 1-12 in the present invention is mainly used to monitor the pressure conditions downhole, especially the pressure changes around the drill bit. The pressure sensor sends the collected pressure data to the microprocessor 1-1 through the SPI interface 3-1, and compares it with the set pressure threshold after processing. If the monitored pressure exceeds the normal working range, the system will activate the early warning mechanism, issue a warning to the ground equipment, and remind the operator to make adjustments in time to avoid drilling accidents. This function provides an important guarantee for the safety of drilling operations, especially in high-pressure downhole environments.

[0081] The drill bit flow pressure sensor 1-14 is used to monitor the fluid pressure inside the drill bit in real time to ensure that the flow of mud or other fluids in the well is within the normal range. The data of the sensor is converted by the analog-to-digital converter 1-2 and transmitted to the microprocessor 1-1 for real-time analysis and feedback. Combined with the data of the annular return speed sensor 1-18, the system can monitor the fluid circulation in the well in all directions. If the drill bit flow pressure or annular return speed is detected to be abnormal, the system will issue an early warning to the ground to prevent serious accidents such as blowouts and well leakage.

[0082] In order to ensure the accuracy of multi-sensor data, the present invention adopts a set of embedded multi-sensor fusion algorithms. The output data of each sensor will be compared with the calibration data preset by the system, and the measurement results will be adjusted in real time through the core circuit board 1-1 to eliminate the influence of environmental factors or sensor errors. The data calibration of the sensor is automatically completed through the software algorithm without manual intervention by the operator. This technology enables the system to provide more accurate data in extreme underground environments, effectively improving the reliability and accuracy of the measurement.

[0083] In the application of the present invention, the posture and motion state of the drill bit are crucial. Through the data fusion of the three-axis acceleration sensor 1-9 and the three-axis angular velocity sensor 1-10, the system can calculate the posture of the drill bit in real time and perform posture correction through the built-in algorithm. This function ensures the accurate movement trajectory of the drill bit during the operation and can detect irregular posture changes, such as deflection or tilt. The operator can adjust the drilling plan in time according to the data fed back by the system to avoid the drill bit from getting stuck or damaged.

[0084] When using the intelligent drill multi-parameter measurement system of the present invention, first provide a stable voltage supply to the system through the power management module 1-4. The power input interface 2-1 is connected to the downhole power supply, and the TPSDC-DC converter converts the input voltage into a stable 3.3V power supply to ensure that the core circuit board 1-1 and each sensor module can start normally. When the system starts, the LED status indicator 1-5 displays the current operating status of the system through different lighting modes. If special debugging or reset operations are required, different modes can be switched through the BOOT boot module 1-6. After the system is initialized, all sensors will start working.

[0085] In normal working mode, each sensor will communicate with the microprocessor on the core circuit board 1-1 through the SPI bus 3-1 and the I2C bus 3-2. Sensors such as the three-axis acceleration sensor 1-9, the three-axis angular velocity sensor 1-10, the temperature sensor 1-11, the pressure sensor 1-12, etc. begin to collect their own parameters at the same time. The analog signals collected by the sensors are digitized by the high-precision analog-to-digital converter 1-2 and uniformly transmitted to the microprocessor for real-time calculation and analysis. In order to ensure the accuracy of the data of each sensor, the multi-sensor fusion algorithm inside the system corrects and integrates the data from different sources to eliminate errors and improve the reliability of the data.

[0086] During the data collection process, the microprocessor 1-1 analyzes the data from the sensor in real time and stores important key data through the non-volatile memory 1-3. This storage mechanism ensures that even if the underground power is suddenly interrupted, the collected data will not be lost, and the data can be seamlessly processed after the operation is restored.

[0087] At the same time, the system is wired to other communication tools near the drill head through high-speed serial ports 1-7, transmitting real-time measurement data to other systems near the drill head, such as real-time monitoring tools or ground control equipment. The error correction mechanism in the system ensures the integrity of data transmission in complex electromagnetic environments and prevents data loss or transmission errors.

[0088] During the data processing process, the data of multiple sensors such as drilling pressure sensor 1-16, torque sensor 1-17, vibration sensor 1-13 and drill bit flow pressure sensor 1-14 will be fed back to the microprocessor in real time. By analyzing these key parameters, the system can dynamically monitor the working status of the drill bit. If the system detects an abnormal situation (such as excessive pressure, excessive temperature, abnormal drill bit vibration, etc.), it will immediately send out a warning signal through the internal early warning mechanism to notify the ground operators to adjust the operating parameters. This dynamic monitoring and safety early warning mechanism ensures the safety and reliability of the operation and can effectively avoid the occurrence of underground accidents.

[0089] During the operation, if a fault occurs or the system needs to be re-debugged, the system can be quickly restored through the reset function and BOOT modules 1-6. Through the one-key reset function, the operator can restart the system and restore it to normal working state in the shortest time. LED indicators 1-5 will display the process and status of fault recovery to help operators monitor the entire recovery process. During the debugging process, the system can automatically switch to the debugging mode, and through the coordination between various modules, quickly detect the various sensors, communication interfaces and storage units of the system to ensure that all modules can work normally after recovery.

[0090] In order to ensure that the drill bit's posture remains stable underground, the three-axis acceleration sensor 1-9 and the three-axis angular velocity sensor 1-10 work together to monitor the drill bit's motion status in real time. The acceleration and angular velocity data are transmitted to the microprocessor through the analog-to-digital converter 1-2, and the drill bit's posture is calculated through the built-in algorithm. If the drill bit's posture is abnormal, such as tilt or deflection, the system will automatically adjust the drill bit's posture through the posture correction function, and notify the ground operator to make further adjustments. This multi-sensor collaboration ensures that the drill bit's working path is always accurate, avoiding drill jams or drill bit damage underground.

[0091] In the high temperature and high pressure environment of underground operations, all components of the system (including microprocessors, non-volatile memories 1-3, power management modules 1-4, etc.) can operate stably for a long time through special packaging and high temperature resistant material design. The power management modules 1-4 in the system ensure voltage stability. Even in a high voltage fluctuation environment, the multi-parameter measurement system of the drill bit can still maintain normal operation, ensuring the stability and durability of each sensor, memory and communication module. This design enables the present invention to work continuously in extreme environments, prolongs the service life of the drill bit equipment, and ensures the reliability of the measurement results.

[0092] The present invention also provides a downhole control method of an intelligent drill bit, which is applicable to the intelligent drill bit and comprises the following steps:

[0093] S1. During drilling, obtaining the torque between the cutting part 12 and the fixing part 11 detected by the torque sensor 31;

[0094] S2. According to the torque between the cutting part 12 and the fixing part 11, the telescopic length of each telescopic driving member 212 is controlled. The greater the torque, the greater the telescopic length of each telescopic driving member 212, and the end of each support rod 211 does not protrude from the cutting teeth 121.

[0095] S3, during drilling, obtaining the vibration intensity of the corresponding support rod 211 detected by the vibration sensor 32, and when the vibration intensity of all the support rods 211 is greater than the first preset vibration intensity, controlling each of the telescopic driving members 212 to extend so that the end of each support rod 211 protrudes from the cutting tooth 121;

[0096] S4. Continue to detect the vibration intensity of each support rod 211. When the vibration intensity of a support rod 211 is greater than the second preset vibration intensity (the second preset intensity is greater than the first preset intensity), record the position of the support rod 211 at this time. When all subsequent support rods 211 are rotated to this position, the support rod is retracted into the telescopic hole 122 through the corresponding telescopic drive member 212. After leaving this position, the support rod 211 is extended and protrudes from the cutting tooth 121 through the corresponding telescopic drive member 212.

[0097] The principles of steps S3-S4 are as follows:

[0098] like Fig. 9 As shown in the figure, when the vibration intensity of all the support rods 211 is greater than the first preset vibration intensity, it indicates that the drill bit is located in a soft and hard interlaced stratum. Hard objects such as pebbles are likely to appear in the soft and hard interlaced stratum. When the drill bit touches the hard object, the drill bit is unevenly stressed, which is prone to vibration and shaking, affecting the drilling stability. Therefore, in the present invention, a plurality of support rods 211 are arranged. In the soft and hard interlaced stratum, each support rod 211 is made to protrude from the cutting teeth 121. In this way, when the cutting teeth 121 cut the hard object, each support rod 211 can support the drill bit and reduce the vibration and shaking of the drill bit. At the same time, in order to prevent the support rod 211 from being blocked by hard objects, when the support rod 211 is When the rod 211 touches a hard object, the support rod 211 will vibrate over a distance (the vibration intensity is greater than the second preset vibration intensity), and the position of the support rod 211 at this time is recorded (the real-time rotation position of each support rod 211 can be obtained based on the real-time rotation position of the top drive). When all subsequent support rods 211 rotate to this position, the corresponding telescopic drive member 212 is used to retract the support rod into the telescopic hole 122. After leaving this position, the corresponding telescopic drive member 212 is used to extend the support rod 211 and protrude from the cutting tooth 121. In this way, the probability of the support rod 211 touching hard objects can be reduced.

[0099] In summary, the beneficial effects of the technical solution provided by the present invention include:

[0100] (1) A retractable support rod 211 is provided on the cutting part 12, and the torque between the cutting part 12 and the fixing part 11 is detected by the torque sensor 31. The hardness of the current cutting rock formation is determined by the torque, and then the extension length of the support rod 211 is controlled to control the cutting depth of the cutting teeth 121. The rock cutting amount of each rotation of the drill bit is controlled by the cutting depth, so that the rock cutting amount of a single rotation of the drill bit in a harder rock formation is controlled to be less to reduce the load of the drill bit, and the rock cutting amount of a single rotation of the drill bit in a softer rock formation is controlled to be more to improve the drilling efficiency. Therefore, the drilling parameters of the drill bit can be automatically adjusted according to different working conditions through this device, so that the drill bit can maintain the best drilling effect in various formations;

[0101] (2) By making the support rods 211 protrude from the cutting teeth 121 in the soft and hard interlaced strata, when the cutting teeth 121 cut hard objects, each support rod 211 can support the drill bit and reduce the vibration and shaking of the drill bit;

[0102] (3) By setting up the inclinometer 33, the trajectory of the wellbore drilled by the drill bit can be obtained;

[0103] (4) By providing the pressure sensor 34, the internal temperature sensor 35 and the external temperature sensor 36, the real-time temperature and pressure conditions underground can be obtained, so that timely handling can be carried out when abnormal conditions occur.

[0104] The specific implementation of the present invention described above does not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made based on the technical concept of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent drill bit, characterized in that: include: A drill body, the drill body comprising a fixing portion and a cutting portion, one end of the cutting portion is mounted on the fixing portion, the other end of the cutting portion is formed with at least one cutting tooth, and the cutting portion is uniformly penetrated with at least one telescopic hole; A support mechanism, the support mechanism comprising at least one support assembly corresponding to each of the telescopic holes, the support assembly comprising a support rod and a telescopic driving member, the support rod being slidably inserted in the telescopic hole, the telescopic driving member being connected to the support rod and used to drive the support rod to move along the telescopic hole; a measuring mechanism, the measuring mechanism comprising a torque sensor and at least one vibration sensor corresponding to each of the support rods, the torque sensor being arranged between the fixing portion and the cutting portion and used for detecting the torque between the cutting portion and the fixing portion, and the vibration sensor being arranged on the corresponding support rod; and, A controller, the controller is connected to the torque sensor, the vibration sensor and each of the telescopic driving members, and is used to control the extension length of each of the telescopic driving members according to the detection data of the torque sensor and the vibration sensor; The method of using the smart drill is as follows: S1. During drilling, obtaining the torque between the cutting part and the fixing part detected by a torque sensor; S2. According to the torque between the cutting part and the fixing part, the telescopic length of each telescopic driving member is controlled. The greater the torque, the greater the telescopic length of each telescopic driving member, and the end of each support rod does not protrude from the cutting teeth. S3, during drilling, obtaining the vibration intensity of the corresponding support rod detected by the vibration sensor, and when the vibration intensity of all the support rods is greater than a first preset vibration intensity, controlling each of the telescopic drive members to extend so that the end of each support rod protrudes from the cutting tooth; S4. Continue to detect the vibration intensity of each support rod. When the vibration intensity of a support rod is greater than the second preset vibration intensity, record the position of the support rod at this time. When all subsequent support rods are rotated to this position, the support rod is retracted into the telescopic hole through the corresponding telescopic drive member. After leaving this position, the support rod is extended and protrudes from the cutting tooth through the corresponding telescopic drive member.

2. The intelligent drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-sectional shape of the support rod is non-circular and cannot rotate in the telescopic hole. A screw hole is provided at the center of the support rod; The telescopic driving member comprises a stepping motor and a screw rod. The stepping motor is fixed to the fixing portion. The output shaft of the stepping motor is fixedly connected to one end of the screw rod. The other end of the screw rod is threadedly inserted into the screw hole.

3. The intelligent drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first flow hole is opened at the center of the fixing part, a second flow hole connected to the first flow hole is opened at the center of the cutting part, and at least one water hole connected to the second flow hole is opened at one end of the cutting part.

4. The intelligent drill bit according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a power generation mechanism, which includes a power generation shell, a pivot, a permanent magnet, a power generation coil, a brush and a battery. The pivot is rotatably arranged in the power generation shell, and at least one protrusion is fixed on the inner wall of the pivot. Each protrusion is formed with a pushing surface oblique to the axis of the pivot. The permanent magnet is fixed on the inner wall of the power generation shell, the power generation coil is fixed on the outer wall of the pivot, and the brush is fixed on the pivot. One end of the brush is electrically connected to the power generation coil, and the other end of the brush is electrically connected to the battery. The battery is electrically connected to the controller, the torque sensor, each of the vibration sensors and each of the telescopic drive components.

5. The intelligent drill bit according to claim 4, characterized in that: At least one guide groove is also provided on the outer side wall of the power generating housing.

6. The intelligent drill bit according to claim 4, characterized in that: The measuring mechanism further comprises an inclinometer, and the inclinometer is installed in the power generating housing.

7. The intelligent drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The measuring mechanism also includes a pressure sensor, which is arranged on the outer wall of the cutting part; the measuring mechanism also includes an internal temperature sensor and an external temperature sensor, the internal temperature sensor is arranged in the second flow hole, and the external temperature sensor is arranged on the outer wall of the cutting part.

8. The intelligent drill bit according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a multi-parameter measuring mechanism, which includes a core circuit board, an integrated microprocessor, an analog-to-digital converter, a three-axis acceleration sensor, a three-axis gyroscope sensor, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a drilling pressure sensor and a torque sensor, and the three-axis acceleration sensor, the three-axis gyroscope sensor, the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor, the drilling pressure sensor and the torque sensor are all electrically connected to the core circuit board.

Images