Continuous non-explosive green mining N21 construction method for underground hard rock mining machinery

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of underground hard rock mining, and provides a continuous non-explosive green mining N21 construction method for underground hard rock mining machinery, which is characterized in that a to-be-mined area is divided into N panels, and each panel is provided with two haulage roadways and one working face roadway. According to the construction method, a working face roadway is supported through a hydraulic supporting device, two rock breaking free faces are formed underground, and an additional free face brought by the drilling and grooving technology and high stress state relieving of an ore body are combined, so that the ore body is changed into an unconfined isolated state which is easy to mine from an unconfined overall state which is difficult to mine. According to the construction method, independent nine steps (rock drilling, explosive loading, line connection, ventilation, shovel loading, transportation, prying, supporting and filling) of a traditional drilling and blasting method are changed into continuous four steps (drilling crack, transportation, supporting and filling) of N21 construction method mining, the problem of mechanized continuous mining of underground hard rock ore bodies is solved, rock breaking capacity, mining efficiency and resource recovery rate are remarkably improved, and meanwhile, the construction efficiency of the underground hard rock ore bodies is improved. The mining safety is greatly improved, and the environmental influence is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of underground hard rock mining, and more specifically, to an underground hard rock mining mechanical continuous non-explosive green mining N21 method. Background Art

[0002] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the current mining of underground hard rock mines is widely carried out by drilling and blasting. However, with the emergence of ground pressure and the dual influence of blasting vibration, the cost of mine rock support and subsequent maintenance remains high. In addition, the mining efficiency of the drilling and blasting method is limited by production technical conditions, making it difficult to recover continuously. Personnel entering and leaving the mine face the following potential safety hazards: (1) The drilling and blasting method commonly used in access mining and rock tunnel construction must be blasted before mucking during the excavation process. The various operation links of mining, such as drilling, blasting and ore removal, are scattered and discontinuous, and the production management procedures are complicated. (2) The cycle footage of the mine access cycle is usually about 2.5 meters. Multiple working cycles take a long time and are difficult to be continuous. If there are special areas such as rock crushing, due to the vibration of blasting, rock spalling and roof collapse are prone to occur, and the time required for the working cycle will be longer. (3) Safety hazards in the management of blasting equipment are inevitable, and a large amount of toxic and harmful gases will be generated after the blasting of explosives, which need to be emptied before operations can be carried out. At the same time, there are also problems such as high labor intensity of workers, difficulty in controlling the two sides of the approach, and severe damage to the roof and the filling bodies on both sides.

[0003] Therefore, it is urgent to reduce the impact of blasting on the environment and improve safety, and propose a safe, simple and efficient underground hard rock mining mechanical continuous non-explosive green mining N21 method. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the drilling and blasting method in the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a safe, simple and efficient underground hard rock mining mechanical continuous non-explosive green mining N21 method.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted in this application is: to provide an underground hard rock mining mechanical continuous non-explosive green mining N21 method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Divide the mining area into N areas, and conduct geological exploration and ore body evaluation for each area;

[0007] S2. The outer side of each panel is a transport tunnel. Along the direction of the ore body, two parallel stage transport tunnels are excavated on both sides of the ore body of each panel and are safely supported. A working face tunnel is excavated at the end of the ore body. The working face tunnel connects the ends of the two stage transport tunnels.

[0008] S3. Arrange a movable hydraulic support device in the working face tunnel, wherein the hydraulic support device safely supports the top surface of the working face tunnel;

[0009] S4, arranging a shearing mining device at the junction of one of the stage transport level tunnels and the working face tunnel; the shearing mining device mines the ore body in a direction parallel to the working face tunnel;

[0010] S5. During mining, depending on the ground stress intensity, ore body hardness and joint fissure distribution, the ore body is drilled and grooved to relieve the internal stress of the ore body in advance, and then the ore body is mined in the direction parallel to the working face tunnel;

[0011] S6, transporting the ore mined by the shear mining equipment;

[0012] S7, when the shear mining equipment mines from one stage transport tunnel to another stage transport tunnel, the shear mining equipment moves forward one working position in the direction close to the ore body and reaches the junction of the stage transport tunnel and the working face tunnel, after which the hydraulic support device also moves forward one working position; at this time, a goaf is left behind the hydraulic support device;

[0013] S8. Perform filling operation in the goaf to form a filling body;

[0014] S9, the shear mining equipment mines the ore body again, and steps S5 and S8 are repeated until the entire ore body is mined.

[0015] In one embodiment, in step S4, the ore body to be crushed at the face of the ore body has at least two free faces, the first free face is parallel to the stage transport tunnel, and the second free face is perpendicular to the stage transport tunnel. When the shear mining equipment mines the first free face, the second free face provides space for the destruction and crack propagation of the ore body. Conversely, when the shear mining equipment mines the second free face, the first free face provides space for the destruction and crack propagation of the ore body.

[0016] In one embodiment, in step S5, continuous drilling and grooving are performed to form a third free surface at the bottom and side of the ore body, so that the ore body is in an unconfined isolated state.

[0017] In one embodiment, in step S6, while the mining work of the shear mining equipment is advancing, the position of the working face tunnel is synchronously moved, and the hydraulic support device is used to safely support the roof of the working face tunnel.

[0018] In one embodiment, in step S6, the shear mining equipment mines the ore body between the two stage transport tunnels using an "S" path, and the transport vehicle transports the ore out through the two stage transport tunnels alternately.

[0019] In one embodiment, a mobile conveyor belt is installed below the hydraulic support device, the mobile conveyor belt moves synchronously with the hydraulic support device, a slide rail is provided on the mobile conveyor belt, a slide platform is provided on the slide rail, and the shear mining equipment is arranged on the slide platform.

[0020] In one embodiment, the shear mining equipment comprises a first shear mechanical arm, a crushing mechanical arm and a second shear mechanical arm arranged on the sliding platform.

[0021] In one embodiment, a bucket for collecting ore is provided below the sliding platform, the bucket moves synchronously with the sliding platform, and a material receiver for transferring the ore to the mobile conveyor belt is provided on the bucket.

[0022] In one embodiment, the shear mining equipment uses an "S" path to mine the ore body between the two stage transport tunnels, and the transport vehicle uses one of the stage transport tunnels to transport the ore. The transport vehicle is located at the end of the mobile conveyor belt to receive the ore.

[0023] In one embodiment, a telescopic conveyor belt is arranged in one of the stage transport tunnels, the telescopic conveyor belt is located below the mobile conveyor belt and is used to transport the ore out, and the transport vehicle receives the ore transported by the telescopic conveyor belt in the transport tunnel.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the N21 method for continuous non-explosive green mining of underground hard rock mines provided by this application are:

[0025] First, improve mining efficiency: Through mechanized continuous operation, the mining speed is significantly improved and the mining cycle is reduced. Compared with traditional blasting and intermittent mechanical mining methods, large amounts of rock can be processed faster.

[0026] Second, improve mining capacity: multiple free surfaces change the ore body from a "difficult to mine confined overall state" to an "easier to mine unconfined isolated state", improving the mining capacity of the ore body. At the same time, through drilling and grooving, the pre-cracks produced by the high stress release on the ore body can be used to break the rock, making the mining of the ore body easier.

[0027] Third, safety hazards caused by blasting have been eliminated: safety hazards caused by blasting operations, such as blasting equipment management, flying rocks, and the generation of harmful gases, have been completely resolved.

[0028] Fourth, reduce the probability of rock burst: by drilling and grooving, the stress of the ore body can be relieved in advance, which can effectively release the stress concentration in the ore body and reduce the occurrence of rock burst.

[0029] Fifth, reduce labor intensity: mechanized mining reduces the number of links directly involved by humans, reduces the labor intensity of workers, and improves working conditions.

[0030] Sixth, reduce environmental impact: Compared with blasting, mechanical continuous mining reduces the generation of noise, vibration and dust, and has less negative impact on the environment.

[0031] Seventh, improve resource utilization: Mechanical continuous mining can be carried out more accurately according to the direction of the ore body, reducing resource waste and improving the recovery rate of ore.

[0032] Eighth, strong adaptability: This method is suitable for rocks of different hardness. By adjusting the parameters of mechanical pull-shear mining equipment, various hard rock ores can be effectively mined. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0034] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of drilling and blasting mining in the prior art;

[0035] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a tunnel excavated by a hard rock mechanical continuous non-explosive green N21 construction method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a hard rock mechanical continuous non-explosive green N21 mining method provided in the first embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a hard rock mechanical continuous non-explosive green N21 filling method provided in the first embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the completion of the hard rock mechanical continuous non-explosive green N21 mining method provided in the first embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a hard rock mechanical continuous non-explosive green N21 mining method provided in the second embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 7A detailed diagram of a hard rock mechanical continuous non-explosive green N21 mining operation provided in the second embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a hard rock mechanical continuous non-explosive green N21 filling method provided in the second embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the completion of the hard rock mechanical continuous non-explosive green N21 mining method provided in the second embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Fig.10 A side view of an unconfined isolated ore body obtained by drilling and grooving in an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Fig.11 A top view of an unconfined isolated ore body is obtained by drilling and grooving in an embodiment of the present application.

[0045] Among them, the reference numerals in the figure are:

[0046] 11. Ore body; 12. Approach; 13. Connecting road; 14. Transport tunnel; 15. Blasting direction; 21. Ore body; 22. First stage transport tunnel; 23. Second stage transport tunnel; 24. Working face tunnel; 25. Panel area; 26. Transport tunnel; 27. Mining direction; 28. Hydraulic support device; 29. ​​Shear mining equipment; 210. Transport vehicle; 211. Filling body; 212. First free face; 213. Second Free surface; 31. Sliding platform; 32. First shearing mechanical arm; 33. Crushing mechanical arm; 34. Second shearing mechanical arm; 35. Slide rail; 36. Mobile conveyor belt; 37. Telescopic conveyor belt; 38. Bucket; 39. Receiver; 41. Upper filling body; 42. Junction between filling body and ore body; 43. Mining layer ore body; 44. Isolated ore body; 45. Lower ore body; 46. Bottom drilling and grooving; 47. Side drilling and grooving. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0048] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected to the other element.

[0049] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0050] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0051] like Figure 2-11 As shown, an N21 method for continuous non-explosive green mining of underground hard rock mining machinery provided in an embodiment of the present application is now described. The N21 method for continuous non-explosive green mining of underground hard rock mining machinery refers to dividing the area to be mined into N panels, and arranging two parallel stage transport lanes and one working face lane in each panel, specifically including the following steps:

[0052] S1. Divide the mining area into N panels 25, and conduct geological exploration and ore body 21 assessment on each panel 25; wherein, geological exploration and ore body 21 assessment belong to existing conventional operations.

[0053] S2. The outer side of each panel area 25 is a transport tunnel 26. Along the direction of the ore body 21, two parallel stage transport tunnels are excavated on both sides of the ore body 21 of each panel area 25 and safety support is provided. A working face tunnel 24 is excavated at the end of the ore body 21. The working face tunnel 24 connects the ends of the two stage transport tunnels. Safety support is a conventional operation and is fixed on the side wall and top of the stage transport tunnel. The two stage transport tunnels are the first stage transport tunnel 22 and the second stage transport tunnel 23.

[0054] S3. A movable hydraulic support device 28 is arranged in the working face tunnel 24. The hydraulic support device 28 provides safe support for the top surface of the working face tunnel 24. The safe support provided by the hydraulic support device 28 facilitates the movement of the position of the safe support, which is a routine operation.

[0055] S4. Arrange the shear mining equipment 29 at the junction of a stage transport level tunnel and the working face tunnel 24; the shear mining equipment 29 mines the ore body 21 in a direction parallel to the working face tunnel 24 to achieve continuous mechanical mining through the shear mining equipment 29.

[0056] S5. During mining, depending on the ground stress intensity, ore body hardness and joint fissure distribution, the ore body is drilled and grooved to relieve the internal stress of the ore body in advance, and then the ore body is mined in the direction parallel to the working face tunnel. The drilling and grooving technology is used to achieve an unconfined isolated state of the ore body to be mined, reducing the difficulty of mining.

[0057] S6. Transport the ore mined by the shear mining equipment 29 out.

[0058] S7. When the shear mining equipment 29 mines from one stage transport tunnel to another stage transport tunnel, the shear mining equipment 29 moves forward one working position toward the ore body 21 and reaches the new junction of the stage transport tunnel and the working face tunnel 24. After that, the hydraulic support device 28 also moves forward one working position. At this time, a goaf is left behind the hydraulic support device 28. The goaf includes the original working face tunnel and the overlapping area between the working face tunnel and the stage transport tunnel.

[0059] S8. Carry out filling operation in the goaf to form a filling body 211; the filling material is existing conventional materials.

[0060] S9, the shear mining equipment 29 mines the ore body 21 again, and steps S5 and S8 are repeated until the entire ore body 21 is mined.

[0061] In this embodiment, the hydraulic support device 28 is a prior art, such as a movable filling support, and uses hydraulic technology such as a hydraulic cylinder to push the support plate to the top of the working face tunnel 24 to provide safe support and ensure the safety of the working face tunnel 24. In this embodiment, in step S4, the ore body to be crushed at the face of the ore body 21 has at least two free surfaces, the first free surface is parallel to the stage transportation lane, and the second free surface is perpendicular to the stage transportation lane. When the shear mining equipment 29 mines the first free surface 212, the second free surface 213 provides space for the destruction and crack extension of the ore body. Conversely, when the shear mining equipment 29 mines the second free surface 213, the first free surface 212 provides space for the destruction and crack extension of the ore body.

[0062] In this embodiment, if Fig.10 and 11 As shown, in step S5, continuous drilling and grooving are performed to form a third free surface at the bottom and side of the ore body, so that the ore body is in an unconfined isolated state.

[0063] like Fig.10 and Fig.11As shown, the ore body to be mined is formed into an isolated ore body by drilling and grooving at the bottom and the side, which improves the mining capacity of the ore body. Through drilling and grooving, the stress of the ore body can be relieved in advance, which can effectively release the stress concentration in the ore body, reduce the occurrence of rock bursts, and increase the safety of mining; at the same time, the process of releasing the stress concentration of the ore body through drilling and grooving is accompanied by micro-fracture and loosening of the ore body around the drilling and grooving, that is, before mining, the drilling and grooving has caused pre-cracks in the surrounding ore body, making the mining of the ore body easier.

[0064] In this embodiment, in step S7, while the mining work of the shear mining equipment 29 is advancing, the position of the working face tunnel 24 is synchronously moved forward by one working position, and the hydraulic support device 28 is used to safely support the roof of the working face tunnel 24 to ensure the stability of the working face tunnel 24.

[0065] In a first embodiment, if Figure 3-5 As shown, in step S7, the shear mining equipment 29 uses an "S" path to mine the ore body 21 between the two stage transport lanes, and the transport vehicle 210 transports the ore out through the two stage transport lanes alternately. Among them, the shear mining equipment 29 uses the patent technology previously applied for by the applicant, such as the equipment disclosed in application numbers CN202211715142.7 and CN202310073903.1. In this embodiment, the shear mining equipment 29 can move by itself.

[0066] In a second embodiment, if Figure 6-Figure 9 As shown, in one embodiment, a mobile conveyor belt 36 is installed below the hydraulic support device 28, and the mobile conveyor belt 36 moves synchronously with the hydraulic support device 28. A slide rail 35 is provided above the mobile conveyor belt 36, and a sliding platform 31 is provided on the slide rail 35. The shearing mining equipment 29 is arranged on the sliding platform 31. In this embodiment, the shearing mining equipment 29 cannot move by itself. Specifically, the shearing mining equipment 29 includes a first shearing mechanical arm 32, a crushing mechanical arm 33, and a second shearing mechanical arm 34 arranged on the sliding platform 31. Among them, the specific structures of the first shearing mechanical arm 32, the crushing mechanical arm 33, and the second shearing mechanical arm 34 can adopt the corresponding structures disclosed in application numbers CN202211715142.7, CN202310073903.1, and CN202310161546.4.

[0067] Specifically, a bucket 38 for collecting ore is provided below the sliding platform 31 . The bucket 38 moves synchronously with the sliding platform 31 . A receiver 39 for transferring the ore to the mobile conveyor belt 36 is provided on the bucket 38 .

[0068] In the first transportation mode of the second embodiment, the shear mining equipment 29 adopts an "S" path to mine the ore body 21 between two stage transportation tunnels, and the transport vehicle 210 uses a stage transportation tunnel to transport the ore out. The transport vehicle 210 is located at the end of the mobile conveyor belt 36 to receive the ore.

[0069] In the second transportation mode in the second embodiment, a telescopic conveyor belt 37 is arranged in a stage transportation tunnel, and the telescopic conveyor belt 37 can be extended and retracted according to the length of the stage transportation tunnel; the telescopic conveyor belt 37 is located below the end of the mobile conveyor belt 36, and is used to receive the ore transported by the mobile conveyor belt 36 and to transport the ore out of the stage transportation tunnel. The transport vehicle 210 receives the ore transported by the telescopic conveyor belt 37 at the transport tunnel 26, which can reduce the difficulty of transportation by the transport vehicle 210.

[0070] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An underground hard rock mining mechanical continuous non-explosive green mining N21 method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, dividing the area to be mined into N panels (25), and conducting geological exploration and ore body (21) evaluation on each panel (25); S2. The outer side of each panel area (25) is a transport tunnel (26). Along the direction of the ore body (21), two parallel stage transport tunnels are excavated on both sides of the ore body (21) of each panel area (25) and are safely supported. A working face tunnel (24) is excavated at the end of the ore body (21), and the working face tunnel (24) connects the ends of the two stage transport tunnels; S3. Arranging a movable hydraulic support device (28) in the working face tunnel (24), wherein the hydraulic support device (28) safely supports the top surface of the working face tunnel (24); S4, arranging a shearing mining device (29) at the junction of one of the stage transport level tunnels and the working face tunnel (24); the shearing mining device (29) mines the ore body (21) in a direction parallel to the working face tunnel (24); S5. During mining, depending on the ground stress intensity, ore body hardness and joint fissure distribution, the ore body is drilled and grooved to relieve the internal stress of the ore body in advance, and then the ore body is mined in the direction parallel to the working face tunnel; S6, transporting the ore mined by the shear mining equipment (29); S7, when the shear mining equipment (29) mines from one stage transport tunnel to another stage transport tunnel, the shear mining equipment (29) moves forward one working position in the direction close to the ore body (21) and reaches the junction of the stage transport tunnel and the working face tunnel (24), after which the hydraulic support device (28) also moves forward one working position; at this time, a goaf is left behind the hydraulic support device (28); S8, performing filling operation in the goaf to form a filling body (211); S9, the shear mining equipment (29) mines the ore body (21) again, and steps S5 and S8 are repeated until the entire ore body (21) is mined.

2. The N21 method for underground hard rock mining mechanical continuous non-explosive green mining as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the ore body to be crushed at the face of the ore body (21) has at least two free faces, the first free face is parallel to the stage transport tunnel, and the second free face is perpendicular to the stage transport tunnel. When the shear mining equipment (29) mines the first free face (212), the second free face (213) provides space for the destruction and crack extension of the ore body. Conversely, when the shear mining equipment (29) mines the second free face (213), the first free face (212) provides space for the destruction and crack extension of the ore body.

3. The N21 method for underground hard rock mining mechanical continuous non-explosive green mining as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: In step S5, continuous drilling and grooving are performed to form a third free surface at the bottom and side of the ore body, so that the ore body is in an unconfined isolated state.

4. The N21 method for underground hard rock mining mechanical continuous non-explosive green mining as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: In step S6, while the mining work of the shear mining equipment (29) is being advanced, the position of the working face tunnel (24) is synchronously moved, and the moving hydraulic support device (28) is used to safely support the roof of the formed working face tunnel (24).

5. The N21 method for underground hard rock mining mechanical continuous non-explosive green mining as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: In step S6, the shear mining equipment (29) mines the ore body (21) between the two stage transport lanes using an "S" path, and the transport vehicle (210) transports the ore out through the two stage transport lanes alternately.

6. The N21 method for underground hard rock mining mechanical continuous non-explosive green mining as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: A movable conveyor belt (36) is installed below the hydraulic support device (28), and the movable conveyor belt (36) moves synchronously with the hydraulic support device (28). A slide rail (35) is provided on the movable conveyor belt (36), and a sliding platform (31) is provided on the slide rail (35). The shear mining equipment (29) is arranged on the sliding platform (31).

7. The N21 method for underground hard rock mining mechanical continuous non-explosive green mining as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The shear mining equipment (29) comprises a first shear mechanical arm (32), a crushing mechanical arm (33) and a second shear mechanical arm (34) which are arranged on the sliding platform (31).

8. The N21 method for underground hard rock mining mechanical continuous non-explosive green mining as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: A bucket (38) for collecting ore is provided below the sliding platform (31), and the bucket (38) moves synchronously with the sliding platform (31). A material receiver (39) for transferring the ore to the mobile conveyor belt (36) is provided on the bucket (38).

9. The N21 method for underground hard rock mining mechanical continuous non-explosive green mining as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: The shear mining equipment (29) uses an "S" path to mine the ore body (21) between the two stage transport lanes, and the transport vehicle (210) uses one of the stage transport lanes to transport the ore. The transport vehicle (210) is located at the end of the mobile conveyor belt (36) to receive the ore.

10. The N21 method for underground hard rock mining mechanical continuous non-explosive green mining as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: A telescopic conveyor belt (37) is arranged in one of the stage transport lanes. The telescopic conveyor belt (37) is located below the movable conveyor belt (36) and is used to transport ore. The transport vehicle (210) receives the ore transported by the telescopic conveyor belt (37) at the transport lane (26).

Images