Efficient mining method with low waste and high efficiency by inclined mining in single shaft outside vein

Abstract

The application provides a vein outside single chute inclined mining combined low waste and high efficiency mining method, and relates to the technical field of mining.The mining method is based on three stage stope construction, and the stoping work of each sublevel drift in each stage is realized by respectively constructing a first stope interlayer connecting tunnel, a second stope interlayer connecting tunnel and a third stope interlayer connecting tunnel, and the stope construction of the second stage and the third stage is cyclically carried out, so that the chute is directly connected with the stope through the stope interlayer connecting tunnel, without the construction of segmented vein outside drifts and panel slope ways, a large amount of mining preparation engineering quantity and construction time can be saved, and the technical problems that the mining preparation engineering quantity is large in the upward drift filling mining method, a large amount of segmented vein outside drifts and panel slope ways need to be constructed, and the technical problems that the ore block stoping preparation time is long, the ore block needs to be cut from the segmented vein outside drifts to the lower panel of the ore body after the construction of the segmented vein outside drifts is completed, and the drift is constructed to cut the ore block, and then the mining operation is carried out are effectively overcome.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mining technology, specifically to a low-waste and high-efficiency mining method using an extra-vein single-passway inclined mining method. Background Technology

[0002] Upward-entry backfilling mining refers to a mining method in which each layer is mined from bottom to top in the stope, with backfilling used to return the ore within each layer. Its characteristics include using forward-entry mining and ensuring that the backfill material completely fills the goaf, making as much contact as possible with the roof. This mining method is suitable for mining inclined and steeply inclined ore bodies where the ore and surrounding rock are unstable and the ore grade and value are high. As an important mining method for mining medium-thick or thicker, more fractured ore bodies, upward-entry backfilling mining has been widely adopted in many mines, demonstrating significant effectiveness in reducing loss and dilution rates, mitigating mine pressure manifestations, ensuring roof safety, and controlling surface subsidence.

[0003] However, while the upward-entry backfilling mining method is being vigorously promoted, its technical drawbacks cannot be ignored. For example, the preparation work for the upward-entry backfilling mining method is extensive, requiring the construction of numerous sub-vein roadways and other engineering works. Furthermore, the preparation time before ore block mining is long, requiring the construction of a layer-changing connecting roadway from the sub-vein roadway to the footwall of the ore body after the sub-vein roadway construction is completed to cut the ore block before the mining operation can commence.

[0004] Given the numerous technical problems associated with the upward-entry backfilling mining method, it is necessary to research a low-waste, high-efficiency mining method that combines single-passway inclined mining outside the vein with mining, which can save a significant amount of preparation work and construction time, in order to solve these technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the technical problems existing in the background art, the present invention provides a low-waste and high-efficiency mining method for single-pass inclined mining outside the vein. This method does not require the construction of segmented external vein roadways, but only the construction of layer-changing connecting roadways to connect the pass and the ore body, which can save a lot of preparation work and construction time. Moreover, the waste rock generated during the construction of the layer-changing connecting roadway is completely backfilled into the access road empty area, and the waste rock is basically not transported out, thus achieving a low-waste effect.

[0006] Based on the above technical objectives, this invention provides a low-waste and high-efficiency mining method for single-pass inclined mining outside the vein. It adopts the upward-entry backfilling mining method and is divided into three stages of stope construction. The mining work of each layer of the first stope, the second stope, and the third stope is carried out sequentially by constructing the first stope layer-changing connecting roadway, the second stope layer-changing connecting roadway, and the third stope layer-changing connecting roadway. The second stage stope construction and the third stage stope construction are carried out in cycles until the mining reaches the middle section or the elevation is set.

[0007] The next stage of the mining area will connect the last access road of the previous stage mining area to the ore pass, and then the last access road of the previous stage mining area will be filled.

[0008] Among them, the first mining area layer replacement connecting roadway was constructed perpendicular to the ore body strike from the external stage transport roadway; the first mining area layer replacement connecting roadway is connected to the first ventilation and pedestrian filling drainage well, and a chute is constructed along the dip angle of the ore body in the external stage transport roadway.

[0009] After the last access road of the first phase of the mining area is completed and before backfilling, the second mining area layer replacement connecting road will be constructed from the second ventilation and pedestrian backfilling drainage well in the last access road of the lower footing of the mining area and connected to the chute.

[0010] After the last access road of the second phase of the mining area is completed and before backfilling, the third mining area layer replacement connecting road will be constructed from the last access road in the lower part of the mining area, starting from the first ventilation and pedestrian backfilling drainage well, and connected to the chute.

[0011] In the mining operations of each layer of the same stage of the mining area, the upward mining of each layer in the same stage is achieved by constructing a connecting road for layer replacement through the top pressure construction.

[0012] As a further improvement to the present invention, the following steps are included:

[0013] S1, Phase 1 mining area construction:

[0014] S11, after the first mining area’s layer-changing connecting road is constructed to the upper plate of the ore body, the mining body is started by constructing access roads to both sides along the ore body strike. After the mining is completed, backfilling is carried out, and then the construction of adjacent access roads continues until the last access road reaches the lower plate of the ore body and is backfilled. After that, the construction of the first mining area is completed.

[0015] S12: After the first-level stope is completed, the top is constructed from the external stage transport roadway to the footwall of the ore body in the first-level stope layer-changing connecting roadway to form the second-level stope layer-changing connecting roadway. Construction continues to connect the two-level stopes to the footwall of the ore body. The approach mining steps in step S11 are repeated until the second-level stope is completed.

[0016] S13, repeat the second-level mining construction steps in step S12 until the mining of the last access road in layer N is completed. At this time, the last access road in layer N is not filled temporarily.

[0017] S2, Second Phase of Mining Construction:

[0018] S21, in the last access road of the previous stage mining area, the second mining area layer replacement connecting road is constructed by climbing the slope at the second ventilation and pedestrian filling drainage well and connecting with the pass. Before the connection, blast waste rock is filled into the access road void, and then the previous mining area layer replacement connecting road and the last access road of the previous stage mining area are filled; then the second mining area layer replacement connecting road is constructed from the pass to the footwall of the ore body to form N+1 layer replacement connecting road.

[0019] S22, Cyclic mining: The N+1 layer is mined and the layer is raised in sequence, the N+2 layer is mined and the layer is changed, until the last access road of the M layer is mined and the mining is completed. At this time, the last access road of the M layer is not filled temporarily.

[0020] S3, Third Phase of Mining Construction:

[0021] S31: From the last access road of the previous stage of the lower stope, the third stope layer replacement connecting road is constructed by climbing uphill from the first ventilation and pedestrian filling drainage well and connecting with the ore pass. Before the connection, blasted waste rock is used to fill the empty area of ​​the access road. Then the previous stope layer replacement connecting road and the last access road of the previous stage of the stope are filled. Repeat the top pressure construction of step S21 to form the M+1 layer replacement connecting road.

[0022] S32, Cyclic mining: M+1 layer is mined and raised in sequence, M+2 layer is mined and changed, until the last access road of L layer is mined and the mining is completed. At this time, the last access road of L layer is not filled temporarily.

[0023] S4, repeat the construction steps of S2 and S3 until the upper section is reached or the elevation is set.

[0024] As a further improvement of the present invention, the above-described single-passway inclined mining method for low-waste and high-efficiency mining is applicable to steeply inclined and relatively broken ore bodies with a dip angle of more than 70° and a thickness of medium thickness or less.

[0025] As a further improvement of the present invention, the preparation work in step S1 mainly includes: constructing the first / second ventilation and pedestrian filling drainage wells along the dip angle of the ore body on both sides of the footwall and the center line of the mining area; and constructing the turning chamber of the shovel and loader in the connecting roadway of the first mining area.

[0026] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S11, the mined ore and waste rock are directly transported by a loader through the first mining area layer-changing connecting roadway to the external stage transport roadway, and then transported out by a locomotive pulling a mine car. The loader turns around at the loader turning chamber. After the roadway is constructed to both wings of the mining area, a filling wall is built at the first mining area layer-changing connecting roadway for filling. After the filling is completed, the adjacent roadway is constructed backward.

[0027] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S21, the climbing height is the MN layer access height.

[0028] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S31, the climbing height is the LM layer access height.

[0029] As a further improvement of the present invention, N = 2 to 3; or MN = 2 to 4; or LM = 2 to 4.

[0030] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S21 or step S31, the waste rock from the construction layer replacement connecting road is directly backfilled into the access road to reduce the transportation of waste rock; during backfilling, the backfilling pipeline enters the mining area from the upper middle section through the first or second ventilation pedestrian backfilling drainage well.

[0031] As a further improvement of the present invention, during the mining operation, construction personnel can enter and exit the mining area from the upper and lower middle sections through the first or second ventilation and drainage wells.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0033] Compared to traditional panel-based upward-entry backfilling mining methods, the low-waste and high-efficiency mining method with single-passway inclined mining outside the vein provided by this invention (external inclined mining combined with single-passway upward-entry backfilling mining method) does not require the construction of segmented external vein roadways or panel ramps connecting segmented external vein roadways. Instead, it directly connects the pass to the stope via a stope-level replacement connecting roadway (level replacement connecting roadway), significantly reducing the amount of preparatory work and thus decreasing the preparation time. Simultaneously, the distance for transporting ore from the stope to the pass is significantly shortened, and the transportation time is greatly reduced, thereby improving the ore extraction efficiency of the stope and indirectly improving the stope recovery efficiency. Furthermore, during segmented level replacement, the level replacement connecting roadway is constructed from the stope approach to the pass, and all waste rock is backfilled into the passway void, achieving a low-waste effect. Therefore, while inheriting the advantages of traditional upward-facing backfilling mining methods in reducing loss and dilution rates, mitigating ore pressure manifestation, ensuring roof safety, and controlling surface subsidence, this invention also overcomes the technical disadvantage of large-scale preparatory work, greatly reducing the construction of preparatory works, reducing the time for stope preparation, and saving ore transportation time, thereby improving ore extraction efficiency and having high value for promotion and application.

[0034] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and in order to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention are described below. Attached Figure Description

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the present invention will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a single-layer mining operation provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2This is a structural schematic diagram of the two-layer mining area construction provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the construction of the second mining area layer replacement connecting tunnel provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the two-layer mining area backfilling construction provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of the construction of a three-layer interchange connecting road provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the three-layer mining operation provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the four-layer mining operation provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure for the five-layer mining operation provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 9 This is a structural schematic diagram of the construction of the third mining area layer replacement connecting tunnel provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the filling construction of the second mining area replacement connecting roadway provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the six-layer mining operation provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0048] 1. Ventilation and pedestrian filling drainage well; 2. Ore pass; 3. First mining area layer replacement connecting roadway; 4. External stage transport roadway; 5. Shovel turning chamber; 6. Ore discharge funnel; 7. Ore body footwall; 8. Ore body hanging wall; 9. Filled access roadway; 10. Under mining access roadway; 11. Unmined access roadway; 12. Second mining area layer replacement connecting roadway; 13. Second mining area layer replacement connecting roadway; 14. Third mining area layer replacement connecting roadway; 15. Third mining area layer replacement connecting roadway. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and are therefore intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention; the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing description of the invention, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0051] In the description of the embodiments of this invention, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this invention, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0052] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0053] In the description of the embodiments of this invention, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0054] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, the term "multiple" refers to two or more (including two), similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more (including two sets), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more (including two pieces).

[0055] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, the technical terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of the present invention.

[0056] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the technical terms such as "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0057] To address the technical challenges of the upward-entry backfilling mining method, such as the large amount of preparatory work required, the need for numerous segmented external vein roadways, and the lengthy preparation time before ore block mining, necessitating the construction of a layer-change connecting roadway from the segmented external vein roadway to the footwall to cut the ore block before mining operations can commence, this invention provides a low-waste and high-efficiency mining method using a single-passway inclined mining approach. This method eliminates the need for segmented external vein roadways, requiring only the construction of a layer-change connecting roadway to connect the pass and the ore body, thus saving significant preparatory work and construction time. The upward-entry backfilling mining method is generally divided into three stages of stope construction. The mining of each layer of the approach in each stage is achieved sequentially by constructing the first, second, and third stope layer-change connecting roads. The second and third stage stope constructions are carried out cyclically until the mining reaches the middle section or a set elevation is achieved.

[0058] The next stage of the mining area will connect the last access road of the previous stage mining area to the ore pass, and then the last access road of the previous stage mining area will be filled.

[0059] Among them, the first mining area layer replacement connecting roadway was constructed perpendicular to the ore body strike from the external stage transport roadway; the first mining area layer replacement connecting roadway is connected to the first ventilation and pedestrian filling drainage well, and a chute is constructed along the dip angle of the ore body in the external stage transport roadway.

[0060] After the last access road of the first phase of the mining area is completed and before backfilling, the second mining area layer replacement connecting road will be constructed from the second ventilation and pedestrian backfilling drainage well in the last access road of the lower footing of the mining area and connected to the chute.

[0061] After the last access road of the second phase of the mining area is completed and before backfilling, the third mining area layer replacement connecting road will be constructed from the last access road in the lower part of the mining area, starting from the first ventilation and pedestrian backfilling drainage well, and connected to the chute.

[0062] In the mining operations of each layer of the same stage of the mining area, the upward mining of each layer in the same stage is achieved by constructing a connecting road for layer replacement through the top pressure construction.

[0063] Preferably, it includes the following steps:

[0064] S1, Phase 1 mining area construction:

[0065] S11, after the first mining area’s layer-changing connecting road is constructed to the upper plate of the ore body, the mining body is started by constructing access roads to both sides along the ore body strike. After the mining is completed, backfilling is carried out, and then the construction of adjacent access roads continues until the last access road reaches the lower plate of the ore body and is backfilled. After that, the construction of the first mining area is completed.

[0066] S12: After the first-level stope is completed, the top is constructed from the external stage transport roadway to the footwall of the ore body in the first-level stope layer-changing connecting roadway to form the second-level stope layer-changing connecting roadway. Construction continues to connect the two-level stopes to the footwall of the ore body. The approach mining steps in step S11 are repeated until the second-level stope is completed.

[0067] S13, repeat the second-level mining construction steps in step S12 until the mining of the last access road in layer N is completed. At this time, the last access road in layer N is not filled temporarily.

[0068] S2, Second Phase of Mining Construction:

[0069] S21, in the last access road of the previous stage mining area, the second mining area layer replacement connecting road is constructed by climbing the slope at the second ventilation and pedestrian filling drainage well and connecting with the pass. Before the connection, blast waste rock is filled into the access road void, and then the previous mining area layer replacement connecting road and the last access road of the previous stage mining area are filled; then the second mining area layer replacement connecting road is constructed from the pass to the footwall of the ore body to form N+1 layer replacement connecting road.

[0070] S22, Cyclic mining: The N+1 layer is mined and the layer is raised in sequence, the N+2 layer is mined and the layer is changed, until the last access road of the M layer is mined and the mining is completed. At this time, the last access road of the M layer is not filled temporarily.

[0071] S3, Third Phase of Mining Construction:

[0072] S31: From the last access road of the previous stage of the lower stope, the third stope layer replacement connecting road is constructed by climbing uphill from the first ventilation and pedestrian filling drainage well and connecting with the ore pass. Before the connection, blasted waste rock is used to fill the empty area of ​​the access road. Then the previous stope layer replacement connecting road and the last access road of the previous stage of the stope are filled. Repeat the top pressure construction of step S21 to form the M+1 layer replacement connecting road.

[0073] S32, Cyclic mining: M+1 layer is mined and raised in sequence, M+2 layer is mined and changed, until the last access road of L layer is mined and the mining is completed. At this time, the last access road of L layer is not filled temporarily.

[0074] S4, repeat the construction steps of S2 and S3 until the upper section is reached or the elevation is set.

[0075] Preferably, the above-mentioned single-pass inclined mining method with low waste and high efficiency is suitable for steeply inclined and relatively broken ore bodies with a dip angle of more than 70° and a thickness of medium thickness or less.

[0076] Preferably, the preparatory work in step S1 mainly includes: constructing the first / second ventilation and pedestrian filling drainage wells along the dip angle of the ore body on both sides of the footwall and the center line of the mining area; and constructing the turning chamber for the shovel loader in the connecting roadway of the first mining area.

[0077] Preferably, in step S11, the mined ore and waste rock are directly transported by a loader through the first mining area layer-changing connecting roadway to the external stage transport roadway, and then transported out by a locomotive pulling a mine car. The loader turns around at the loader turning chamber. After the access road is constructed to both wings of the mining area, a filling wall is built at the first mining area layer-changing connecting roadway for filling. After the filling is completed, the adjacent access road is constructed backward.

[0078] Preferably, in step S21, the climbing height is the MN layer approach height.

[0079] Preferably, in step S31, the ramp height is the LM layer access height.

[0080] Preferably, N = 2 to 3; or MN = 2 to 4; or LM = 2 to 4.

[0081] Preferably, in step S21 or step S31, the waste rock from the construction layer replacement connecting road is directly backfilled into the access road to reduce the transportation of waste rock; during backfilling, the backfilling pipeline enters the mining area from the upper middle section through the first or second ventilation pedestrian backfilling drainage well.

[0082] Preferably, during the mining operation, construction workers can enter and exit the mining area from the upper and lower middle sections through the first or second ventilation manholes filled with drainage wells.

[0083] Example 1

[0084] Please refer to Figures 1 to 11 As shown, Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a low-waste and high-efficiency mining method using a single-passway outside the vein, suitable for steeply inclined and relatively fractured ore bodies with a dip angle of 70° or more and a thickness of medium thickness or less. The method specifically includes the following steps:

[0085] S1, Phase 1 mining area construction:

[0086] S11, Level 1 Mining Area Construction: Please refer to... Figure 1As shown, the main preparatory works are as follows: two ventilation and pedestrian filling drainage wells 1 (the first ventilation and pedestrian filling drainage well and the second ventilation and pedestrian filling drainage well) are constructed along the dip angle of the ore body on both sides of the footwall 7 and the center line of the mining area; a chute 2 is constructed along the dip angle of the ore body in the external stage transport roadway 4; and the first mining area layer replacement connecting roadway 3 and the loader turning chamber 5 are constructed.

[0087] Specifically, the first mining area replacement connecting roadway 3, perpendicular to the ore body strike and extending from the external stage transport roadway 4, connects with the footwall inclined shaft, which serves as the first ventilation, pedestrian, backfilling, and drainage shaft. After the first mining area replacement connecting roadway 3 reaches the upper hanging wall 8, mining operations begin along the ore body strike towards both sides. Ore and waste rock are transported directly by a loader through the first mining area replacement connecting roadway 3 to the external stage transport roadway 4, where they are transported out by electric locomotives pulling mine cars. The loader turns around at the loader turning chamber 5. After the access road reaches both wings of the mining area, backfilling is carried out at the first mining area replacement connecting roadway 3. After backfilling is completed, the adjacent access road continues to be constructed backward. The construction of access roads and backfilling are carried out sequentially until the last access road reaches the lower hanging wall of the ore body, completing the construction of one level of mining area.

[0088] S12, Two-level mining area construction: Please refer to... Figure 2 As shown, after the first-level mining is completed, the top is constructed in the first-level interlayer connecting roadway 3 to raise the elevation to the second level, forming the upward second-level interlayer connecting roadway 12, and the mining continues to the hanging wall 8 of the ore body; the approach mining steps in step S11 are repeated until the second-level mining is completed.

[0089] S2, Second Phase of Mining Construction:

[0090] S21, Slope Construction: After the completion of the last access road (bottom plate) in the two-layer mining area, backfilling will be suspended. Please refer to [link / reference needed]. Figure 3 As shown, at the second ventilation pedestrian filling drainage well, the second mining area layer replacement connecting road 13 and the chute 2 are connected by the uphill construction. Before the connection, blasted waste rock is used to fill the access road void area. The uphill height is the height of two access roads.

[0091] Please see Figure 4 As shown, after the construction of the second mining area replacement connecting road 13 is completed, the last access road of the first stage mining area (the last access road of the previous stage) and the first mining area replacement connecting road (the previous mining area replacement connecting road) will be filled. During filling, the filling pipeline will enter the mining area from the upper middle section through the ventilation pedestrian filling drainage well 1.

[0092] S22, Construction of a three-level interchange connecting road: Please refer to... Figure 5 As shown, after the filling of the second-level access road is completed, the top pressure construction is carried out on the second mining area replacement connecting road 13 from the ore pass 2 to the footwall 7 of the ore body to form the third-level mining area replacement connecting road 14, raising the elevation to the third level.

[0093] S5, Circular Mining: Please refer to... Figures 6 to 8 As shown, the process involves sequentially mining the third layer, raising the layer, mining the fourth layer, changing the layer, and so on, until the fifth layer is mined.

[0094] S3, Third Phase of Mining Construction:

[0095] S31, Intermediate Section Mining Construction: Please refer to... Figures 9 to 11 As shown, after the fifth-level lower footing access road is mined out, backfilling is suspended. The lower footing is then raised two levels by climbing the slope from another lower footing inclined shaft (the first ventilation, pedestrian, backfilling, and drainage shaft) to connect with the ore pass 2. The third mining area layer replacement connecting road 15 is then constructed. Before the connection is completed, blasted waste rock is used to fill the empty area of ​​the access road. Backfilling is then carried out to fill the second-stage mining access road with the previous mining area layer replacement connecting road (the second mining area layer replacement connecting road 13). Step S21 is repeated to carry out roof control construction on the third mining area layer replacement connecting road 15 from the ore pass 2 to the lower footing 7 of the ore body, raising the elevation to the sixth level.

[0096] S4, repeating steps S2 and S3 until the mining reaches the middle section or the elevation is set. After the ore block is mined out, the loader is dismantled and hoisted to the upper middle section via chute 2.

[0097] During the mining operation, personnel can enter and exit the mining area from the upper and lower sections through the lower inclined shaft (ventilation, pedestrian filling, and drainage well 1), which complies with the safety regulations that require personnel to have two safety exits when entering and exiting the mining area.

[0098] Based on the above three stages of mining construction, the embodiments of the present invention achieve the mining work of each layer in each stage by constructing the first mining layer replacement connecting roadway 3, the second mining layer replacement connecting roadway 13, and the third mining layer replacement connecting roadway 15 respectively. Furthermore, the mining construction of the second and third stages can be carried out cyclically. The ore pass is directly connected to the mining area through the mining layer replacement connecting roadway (roadway), which greatly saves the amount of mining preparation work and thus reduces the preparation time for mining.

[0099] Those skilled in the art will understand that, in practical applications, the mining method provided by this invention can adaptively adjust the amount of layered mining at each stage based on environmental parameters such as the dip angle and thickness of the ore body. N = 2–3; or MN = 2–4; or LM = 2–4, all of which can achieve the aforementioned technical effects. It is not limited to the parameter settings in the above embodiments.

[0100] Compared to traditional panel-based upward-entry backfilling mining methods, the low-waste and high-efficiency mining method with single-passway inclined mining outside the vein (external inclined mining combined with single-passway upward-entry backfilling mining method) provided in this embodiment of the invention does not require the construction of segmented external vein roadways or panel-based inclined ramps connecting the segmented external vein roadways. Instead, it directly connects the pass to the stope via a stope-level replacement connecting roadway, significantly reducing the amount of preparatory work and thus decreasing preparation time. Simultaneously, the distance for transporting ore from the stope to the pass is shortened, and the transportation time is reduced, thereby improving the stope's ore extraction efficiency and indirectly improving the stope's recovery efficiency. Furthermore, during segmented layer replacement, a layer replacement connecting roadway is constructed from the stope approach to the pass, with all waste rock backfilled into the pass's empty area, achieving a low-waste effect. Therefore, while inheriting the advantages of traditional upward-facing backfilling mining method in reducing loss and dilution rate, mitigating ore pressure manifestation, ensuring roof safety, and controlling surface subsidence, this invention also overcomes the disadvantage of large preparatory engineering workload, greatly reducing the construction of preparatory engineering, reducing the time for stope preparation, and saving ore transportation time, thereby improving ore extraction efficiency and having high value for promotion and application.

[0101] In summary, this invention provides a low-waste and high-efficiency mining method for single-passway inclined mining outside the vein, relating to the field of mining technology. The mining method is based on three stages of stope construction. The mining work at each stage is achieved by constructing a first stope layer-change connecting roadway, a second stope layer-change connecting roadway, and a third stope layer-change connecting roadway. Furthermore, the second and third stages of stope construction can be carried out cyclically. Thus, the pass is directly connected to the stope via the stope layer-change connecting roadway, eliminating the need for segmented external vein roadways, thereby saving a significant amount of preparatory work and construction time.

[0102] It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The above embodiments are merely examples, and any embodiments that have the same structure and perform the same effects as the technical concept within the scope of the present invention are included within the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, various modifications that can be conceived by those skilled in the art to the embodiments, and other ways of constructing by combining some of the constituent elements of the embodiments, without departing from the spirit of the present invention, are also included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-waste, high-efficiency mining method using a single-passway inclined mining method outside the vein, characterized in that, The upward-entry filling mining method is adopted, and the mining is divided into three stages. The mining work of each layer of the mining is realized by constructing the first mining layer replacement connecting road, the second mining layer replacement connecting road, and the third mining layer replacement connecting road in turn. The mining work of the second stage and the third stage is carried out in a cycle until the mining reaches the middle section or the elevation is set. The next stage of the mining area will connect the last access road of the previous stage mining area to the ore pass, and then the last access road of the previous stage mining area will be filled. Among them, the first mining area layer replacement connecting roadway was constructed perpendicular to the ore body strike from the external stage transport roadway; the first mining area layer replacement connecting roadway is connected to the first ventilation and pedestrian filling drainage well, and a chute is constructed along the dip angle of the ore body in the external stage transport roadway. After the last access road of the first phase of the mining area is completed and before backfilling, the second mining area layer replacement connecting road will be constructed from the second ventilation and pedestrian backfilling drainage well in the last access road of the lower footing of the mining area and connected to the chute. After the last access road of the second phase of the mining area is completed and before backfilling, the third mining area layer replacement connecting road will be constructed from the last access road in the lower part of the mining area, starting from the first ventilation and pedestrian backfilling drainage well, and connected to the chute. In the mining operations of each layer of the same stage of the mining area, the upward mining of each layer in the same stage is achieved by constructing a connecting road for layer replacement through the top pressure construction.

2. The low-waste and high-efficiency mining method using a single-passway inclined mining method outside the vein according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, Phase 1 mining area construction: S11, after the first mining area’s layer-changing connecting road is constructed to the upper plate of the ore body, the mining body is started by constructing access roads to both sides along the ore body strike. After the mining is completed, backfilling is carried out, and then the construction of adjacent access roads continues until the last access road reaches the lower plate of the ore body and is backfilled. After that, the construction of the first mining area is completed. S12: After the first-level stope is completed, the top is constructed from the external stage transport roadway to the footwall of the ore body in the first-level stope layer-changing connecting roadway to form the second-level stope layer-changing connecting roadway. Construction continues to connect the two-level stopes to the footwall of the ore body. The approach mining steps in step S11 are repeated until the second-level stope is completed. S13, repeat the second-level mining construction steps in step S12 until the mining of the last access road in layer N is completed. At this time, the last access road in layer N is not filled temporarily. S2, Second Phase of Mining Construction: S21, in the last access road of the previous stage mining area, the second mining area layer replacement connecting road is constructed by climbing the slope at the second ventilation and pedestrian filling drainage well and connecting with the pass. Before the connection, blast waste rock is filled into the access road void, and then the previous mining area layer replacement connecting road and the last access road of the previous stage mining area are filled; then the second mining area layer replacement connecting road is constructed from the pass to the footwall of the ore body to form N+1 layer replacement connecting road. S22, Cyclic mining: The N+1 layer is mined and the layer is raised in sequence, the N+2 layer is mined and the layer is changed, until the last access road of the M layer is mined and the mining is completed. At this time, the last access road of the M layer is not filled temporarily. S3, Third Phase of Mining Construction: S31: From the last access road of the previous stage of the lower stope, the third stope layer replacement connecting road is constructed by climbing uphill from the first ventilation and pedestrian filling drainage well and connecting with the ore pass. Before the connection, blasted waste rock is used to fill the empty area of ​​the access road. Then the previous stope layer replacement connecting road and the last access road of the previous stage of the stope are filled. Repeat the top pressure construction of step S21 to form the M+1 layer replacement connecting road. S32, Cyclic mining: M+1 layer is mined and raised in sequence, M+2 layer is mined and changed, until the last access road of L layer is mined and the mining is completed. At this time, the last access road of L layer is not filled temporarily. S4, repeat the construction steps of S2 and S3 until the upper section is reached or the elevation is set.

3. The low-waste and high-efficiency mining method using a single-passway inclined mining method outside the vein according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aforementioned single-passage inclined mining method with low waste and high efficiency is suitable for steeply inclined and relatively broken ore bodies with a dip angle of more than 70° and a thickness of medium or less.

4. The low-waste and high-efficiency mining method using a single-passway inclined mining method outside the vein according to claim 2, characterized in that, The main preparation works in step S1 are: constructing the first / second ventilation and pedestrian filling drainage wells along the dip angle of the ore body on both sides of the footwall and the center line of the mining area; and constructing the turning chamber for the loader in the connecting roadway of the first mining area.

5. The low-waste and high-efficiency mining method with single-passway inclined mining outside the vein according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S11, the mined ore and waste rock are directly transported by a loader through the first mining area layer-changing connecting roadway to the external stage transport roadway, and then transported out by a locomotive pulling a mine car. The loader turns around at the loader turning chamber. After the access road is constructed to both wings of the mining area, a backfilling wall is built at the first mining area layer-changing connecting roadway for backfilling. After the backfilling is completed, the adjacent access road is constructed by retreating.

6. The low-waste and high-efficiency mining method using a single-passway inclined mining method outside the vein according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S21, the climbing height is the MN layer approach height.

7. The low-waste and high-efficiency mining method using a single-passway inclined mining method outside the vein according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S31, the climbing height is the LM layer access height.

8. The low-waste and high-efficiency mining method using a single-passway inclined mining method outside the vein according to claim 2, 6, or 7, is characterized in that... N = 2 to 3; or MN = 2 to 4; or LM = 2 to 4.

9. The low-waste and high-efficiency mining method using a single-passway inclined mining method outside the vein according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S21 or step S31, the waste rock from the construction layer replacement connecting road is directly backfilled into the access road to reduce the amount of waste rock transported out; during backfilling, the backfilling pipeline enters the mining area from the upper middle section through the first or second ventilation pedestrian backfilling drainage well.

10. The low-waste and high-efficiency mining method using a single-passway inclined mining method outside the vein according to claim 2, characterized in that, During the mining process, construction workers can enter and exit the mining area from the upper and lower middle sections through the first or second ventilation manholes filled with drainage wells.

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