Locking device for locking bolt of hard rock stratum shield hob

Abstract

The invention provides a hard rock stratum shield hob locking bolt anti-loosening device. The hard rock stratum shield hob locking bolt anti-loosening device comprises an anti-loosening box and an anti-loosening rod, wherein the anti-loosening box and the anti-loosening rod are installed at the positions of a hob and a tool apron. The locking nut can be prevented from loosening, the locking nut is prevented from rotating through cooperation of the ratchet wheel and the pawl in the radial direction, the locking nut is connected with the pressing block through the anti-loosening rod, the limiting hole and the like in the axial direction, loads transmitted by the locking bolt are counteracted, and the anti-loosening device is prevented from sliding out in the axial direction; fixing is achieved in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the locking bolt and the axis of the locking nut, the transmission direction of force is changed, and alternating loads, high-frequency vibration and the like borne by the locking bolt and the locking nut can be effectively dispersed; compared with a device needing to be welded, accessories for fixing the hobbing cutter on the cutter holder do not need to be detached, the original cutter holder and accessories for fixing the hobbing cutter cannot be changed or damaged, and the device is convenient to detach, high in universality, capable of being repeatedly used and also capable of being used for the hobbing cutter fixed through double locking nuts.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of shield tunnel equipment, and in particular to a device for preventing loosening of locking bolts of a shield cutter in hard rock formation. Background Art

[0002] When the shield tunnels in hard rock formations, the excavation is completed by squeezing and crushing the rock through the roller cutter installed on the cutter disc. When the roller cutter penetrates the rock surface and crushes the rock, it will be subjected to a large alternating load and high-frequency vibration. This alternating load is transmitted to the cutter seat through the roller cutter. Since the roller cutter is fixed to the cutter seat by locking bolts, locking nuts and pressure blocks on both sides, the stability of the roller cutter installation is ensured by applying a pre-tightening force to the locking nuts during the initial installation of the roller cutter. However, the locking bolts located on the load transfer path are prone to slight elastic deformation under long-term alternating loads, and the locking nuts are prone to rotational loosening under high-frequency vibrations. Once the locking nuts are loosened, the roller cutter will move under the action of the alternating load, which will cause the bolts to break under shear. Therefore, preventing the loosening of the locking nuts is the key to preventing the construction bolts of the roller cutter from breaking in rock formations, especially in hard rock formations.

[0003] There are mainly the following ways to prevent the locking nut from loosening: 1. Use double nuts to prevent loosening or use anti-loosening washers. This method can delay the loosening time of the bolts to a certain extent, but bolts still frequently break during actual use; 2. Connect the locking nuts on both sides of the hob by welding steel bars. This method can significantly improve the bolt breakage situation, but the hob is a consumable. The hob needs to be changed many times during the shield construction process, and it needs to be pressed into the warehouse. This process requires the removal and installation of locking bolts and locking nuts. Each time the tool is changed, the welding operation is extremely risky, and the number of tools is large, and the welding workload is huge; 3. Learn from the steel bar welding anti-loosening method. The method of loosening is to connect and fix the locking nuts on both sides through tooling. In this method, the slots of the tooling and the locking nuts are pre-processed, and the locking nuts need to be rotated to a specific angle to install the slots. However, in actual operation, it is difficult to ensure that the locking nuts tightened by pneumatic wrenches are rotated to a specific angle, and there is a problem of difficulty in assembly; 4. The method of using an external anti-loosening device. The existing locking nut anti-loosening device itself also has a fastening bolt. The fastening structure of the anti-loosening device itself is the same as the alternating load transmission path of the hob. Under the action of alternating loads and vibration during long-term work, the fastening structure of the anti-loosening device itself will be loosened, and the anti-loosening effect will also be lost. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a shield cutter locking bolt anti-loosening device for rock formations, especially hard rock formations, in response to the deficiencies in the above-mentioned background technology. The locking bolts and locking nuts are further locked without destroying the integrity of the existing structure, so as to solve the problem of the cutter falling off the cutter seat due to the breakage of the locking bolts during operation.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a hard rock stratum shield cutter locking bolt anti-loosening device, comprising an anti-loosening box and an anti-loosening rod installed at the position of the cutter and the cutter seat;

[0006] The cutter holder is provided with accessories for fixing the hob, including a pressure block, a locking bolt and a locking nut. The hob is installed on the cutter holder. The connecting portion of the hob is locked by the locking bolt. The end of the locking bolt extends to the outside of the pressure block. The locking nut is connected to the locking bolt and is pressed against the pressure block.

[0007] The anti-loosening box comprises a box body, a ratchet and a pawl, the box body is provided with a first through hole and a second through hole, the first through hole corresponds to the locking nut, and the second through hole corresponds to the anti-loosening rod; a limiting hole having the same shape as the locking nut is provided in the middle of the ratchet, and the limiting hole is used to limit the locking nut; a pair of pawls are provided for locking the ratchet;

[0008] The anti-loosening rod comprises a cross bar and a vertical bar, the cross bar is parallel to and fits with the lower surface of the pressing block, and the end of the vertical bar is inserted into the box body through the second through hole and connected to the box body.

[0009] Furthermore, annular steps are provided on the upper and lower parts of the ratchet, the size of the annular steps matches the first through hole, and the outer diameter of the ratchet is larger than the aperture of the first through hole.

[0010] Further, the box body is provided with a first threaded hole, a first mounting bolt is inserted into the first threaded hole, the pawl is provided with a first bolt connection hole corresponding to the first mounting bolt, and the first mounting bolt is connected to the first bolt connection hole.

[0011] Furthermore, a second threaded hole is formed on the side wall of the box body, a second mounting bolt is inserted into the second threaded hole, and a second bolt connection hole corresponding to the second mounting bolt is formed on the vertical rod.

[0012] Furthermore, the arrangement directions of the first mounting bolt and the second mounting bolt are orthogonal to the arrangement direction of the locking bolt.

[0013] Furthermore, a limiting step is provided at the top of the limiting hole, and a limiting dimension of the limiting step is smaller than an outline dimension of the locking nut.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes an extension rod, which corresponds to the anti-loosening rod. The extension rod is arranged in the second through hole of the upper anti-loosening box. The extension rod is provided with a second bolt connecting hole, and the bottom of the extension rod and the top of the anti-loosening rod are provided with corresponding clamping structures.

[0015] Furthermore, the clamping structure includes a clamping block arranged at the bottom of the extension rod, and an L-shaped groove arranged at the top of the anti-loosening rod.

[0016] Furthermore, the box body is formed by splicing two half boxes, and the ends of the two half boxes are each provided with a third bolt connection hole, a third mounting bolt is provided in the third bolt connection hole, and the third mounting bolt is connected with a mounting nut, so that the two half boxes are connected to form the box body as a whole.

[0017] Furthermore, vertically distributed connecting gaskets are provided at the third mounting bolt positions of the upper and lower anti-loosening boxes, and the connecting gaskets are used to connect the corresponding third mounting bolts of the upper and lower layers so that the upper and lower anti-loosening boxes are connected at the ends.

[0018] The above scheme of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] The anti-loosening device for the locking bolt of the hard rock stratum shield cutter provided by the present invention can prevent the locking nut from loosening by setting the anti-loosening box and the anti-loosening rod, prevent the locking nut from rotating in the radial direction by cooperating with the ratchet and the pawl, and connect the locking nut with the pressure block in the axial direction by the anti-loosening rod, the limiting hole, etc., so as to offset the load transmitted by the locking bolt and prevent the anti-loosening device from sliding out in the axial direction, and fix it in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the locking bolt and the locking nut, so as to change the direction of force transmission, and effectively disperse the alternating load, high-frequency vibration, etc., to the locking bolt and the locking nut;

[0020] Compared with the device that needs welding, the present invention does not need to disassemble the accessories for fixing the hob on the cutter seat, and will not change or damage the original cutter seat and the accessories for fixing the hob. The device itself is also easy to disassemble, has strong versatility, and can be reused.

[0021] The present invention can be used for both a hob fixed with a single locking nut and a hob fixed with double locking nuts, and its applicability is further improved compared with the prior art.

[0022] Other beneficial effects of the present invention will be described in detail in the subsequent specific implementation section. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 The overall structure and installation diagram of the present invention (Example 1);

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the box of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a ratchet of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the box body disassembly of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 The overall structure and installation diagram of the present invention (Example 2);

[0029] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the clamping structure of the extension rod and the anti-loosening rod of the present invention.

[0030] [Description of Reference Numerals]

[0031] 1-hob; 2-knife holder; 3-anti-loosening rod; 4-pressure block; 5-locking bolt; 6-locking nut; 7-box; 8-ratchet; 9-pawl; 10-limiting hole; 11-first mounting bolt; 13-second mounting bolt; 14-third mounting bolt; 15-extension rod; 16-clamping block; 17-L-shaped groove; 18-connecting gasket. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention clearer, the following will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0033] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0034] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a locking connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0035] Embodiment 1:

[0036] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a device for preventing the loosening of locking bolts of a shield cutter in a hard rock formation, including an anti-loosening box and an anti-loosening rod 3 installed at the positions of the cutter 1 and the cutter holder 2. Among them, the cutter holder 2 is provided with accessories for fixing the cutter, including a pressure block 4, a locking bolt 5 and a locking nut 6. The cutter 1 is installed on the cutter holder 2, and the connecting part of the cutter 1 is locked by the locking bolt 5. The end of the locking bolt 5 extends to the outside of the pressure block 4, and then is locked with the pressure block 4 by the locking nut 6, thereby completing the locking of the cutter 1. The locking bolt 5 located on the load transfer path is prone to slight elastic deformation under long-term alternating loads, and the locking nut 6 is prone to rotational loosening under high-frequency vibration. Once the locking nut 6 is loosened, the cutter 1 moves under the action of the alternating load, which will cause the locking bolt 5 to be sheared and broken. Therefore, the locking nut 6 is further locked by the provision of the anti-loosening box and the anti-loosening rod 3 to prevent the locking nut 6 from loosening.

[0037] At the same time Figure 3 As shown, the anti-loosening box includes a box body 7, a ratchet wheel 8 and a ratchet pawl 9. The box body 7 is provided with a first through hole and a second through hole, the first through hole corresponds to the locking nut 6, and the second through hole corresponds to the anti-loosening rod 3. The middle of the ratchet wheel 9 is provided with a limiting hole 10 in the same shape as the locking nut 6. For example, when the locking nut 6 is hexagonal in outline, the limiting hole 10 is also hexagonal in shape to lock the locking nut 6 in rotation. Figure 4 As shown, annular steps are also provided on the upper and lower parts of the ratchet 8, and the size of the annular steps matches the first through hole. The outer diameter of the ratchet 8 is larger than the aperture of the first through hole, so that the ratchet 8 can be directly axially limited and rotationally supported through the first through hole. Therefore, the ratchet 8 only has rotational freedom relative to the first through hole.

[0038] A pair of pawls 9 are provided, and when the ratchet 8 is sleeved with the locking nut 6, the pawls 9 are respectively engaged at different positions of the ratchet 8. Since the pair of pawls 9 are arranged in the opposite direction relative to the ratchet 8, the ratchet 8 cannot rotate at all and is locked, thereby limiting the rotational freedom of the locking nut 6.

[0039] As a preferred embodiment, in this embodiment, a first threaded hole is further provided on the box body 7, a first mounting bolt 11 is inserted into the first threaded hole, a first bolt connection hole corresponding to the first mounting bolt 11 is provided at the root of the pawl 9, and the bottom end of the first mounting bolt 11 is inserted into the first bolt connection hole and connected to the pawl 9. Therefore, during installation, it is only necessary to first rotate the first mounting bolt 11 in the loosening direction to make the pawl 9 leave the ratchet 8, then rotate the ratchet 8 to a suitable angle to be sleeved with the locking nut 6, and finally tighten the first mounting bolt 11 to make the pawl 9 engage with the ratchet 8, thereby maintaining the locking state of the ratchet 8 by relying on the thread force.

[0040] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the thickness of the pawl 9 is preferably consistent with the thickness of the inner cavity of the box body 7, so that the pawl 9 can be directly limited in the axial direction through the inner cavity of the box body 7, so that the pawl 9 can maintain a more stable state.

[0041] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the first mounting bolt 11 and the locking bolt 5 are arranged in an orthogonal direction, so the first mounting bolt 11 can be least affected by the alternating load and high-frequency vibration of the locking bolt, thereby ensuring the reliability of the locking of the pawl 9.

[0042] Since the box body 7 itself is not fixed to the knife seat 2, the present embodiment further provides an anti-loosening rod 3 to achieve the purpose of fixing the box body 7. The anti-loosening rod 3 is provided in an L shape, including a horizontal rod and a vertical rod. During installation, the horizontal rod is parallel to and fits the lower surface of the pressing block 4, and the end of the vertical rod is inserted into the box body 7 from the second through hole of the box body 7 and connected, so that the anti-loosening rod 3 forms an integral structure with the box body 7 and is fixed to the pressing block 4.

[0043] As a preferred embodiment, in this embodiment, the side wall of the box body 7 is also provided with a second threaded hole, in which a second mounting bolt 13 is inserted, and a second bolt connection hole corresponding to the second mounting bolt 13 is provided on the vertical rod. When the vertical rod is inserted into the box body 7 from the second through hole at the bottom of the box body 7 and rotated into place, the second bolt connection hole is aligned with the second threaded hole. Then the second mounting bolt 13 is inserted from the second threaded hole, and after passing through the second bolt connection hole, it can pass out from the second threaded hole at the other end to form a fixation. Of course, a mounting nut can also be further provided. Therefore, the axial degree of freedom and rotational degree of freedom of the anti-loosening rod 3 can be limited by the second mounting bolt 13, so that a stable connection is formed between the anti-loosening rod 3 and the box body 7, and the anti-loosening rod 3 and the box body 7 as a whole can be stably installed on the pressure block 4, so as to achieve the purpose of limiting the rotation of the locking nut 6.

[0044] Similarly, the setting direction of the second mounting bolt 13 is orthogonal to the setting direction of the locking bolt 5 and the axial force direction, so the second mounting bolt 13 can be minimally affected by the alternating load, high-frequency vibration, etc. of the locking bolt 5, thereby ensuring the reliability of the connection of the anti-loosening rod 3.

[0045] At the same time, in this embodiment, a limiting step is also provided at the top of the limiting hole 10, and the limiting size of the limiting step is smaller than the outline size of the locking nut 6, so as to axially limit the locking nut 6. Under the premise that the box body 7 and the pressure block 4 are axially limited and the pressure block 4 itself is fixed by the cutter seat 2 or other structures, the locking nut 6 and the locking bolt 5 as a whole can form an axial limit, so as to better prevent the deformation of the locking bolt 5 and the loosening of the locking nut 6. Therefore, the device provided in this embodiment can simultaneously radially and axially lock and prevent the locking nut 6 and the locking bolt 5 from loosening, and transmit the alternating load and vibration effect on the locking bolt 5 to the anti-loosening box and the anti-loosening rod 3, reduce the longitudinal elongation of the locking bolt 5 and the rotation of the locking nut 6, and effectively prevent the locking bolt 5 from breaking and the hob 1 from falling off.

[0046] At the same time Figure 5 As shown, as a preferred embodiment, the box body 7 in this embodiment is formed by splicing two half boxes, so as to facilitate the installation of the ratchet 8, the pawl 9, etc. inside. Among them, the ends of the two half boxes are provided with third bolt connection holes, and the two half boxes are connected into an integral box body through the third mounting bolts 14 in the third bolt connection holes and the mounting nuts. It can be understood that the first through hole and the second through hole are preferably arranged on the center line of the box body 7, so the first through hole and the second through hole of the two half boxes are both located in a semicircle.

[0047] It should be noted that the locking bolt anti-loosening device for the hard rock stratum shield cutter provided in this embodiment can be applied modularly, that is, the ratchet 8 and the pawl 9 inside the box body 7 can be pre-installed in advance, and the first mounting bolt 11 of the pawl 9 is in the loosened position. The first through hole of the box body 7 is aligned with the locking bolt 5 on site, and then the locking nut 6 is inserted so that the locking nut 6 is located in the limiting hole 10, and then the first mounting bolt 11 is tightened to lock the ratchet 8 with a pair of pawls 9, thereby limiting the rotational freedom of the locking nut 6. Then, the anti-loosening rod 3 is inserted into the box body 7 from the second through hole below, and the cross bar is tightly attached to the lower surface of the pressure block 4, and then the second mounting bolt 13 is screwed in from the second threaded hole, passed through the second bolt connection hole of the anti-loosening rod 3, and then passed out from another second threaded hole, and the anti-loosening rod 3 is clamped with the pressure block 4 after tightening (installing the nut), that is, the locking and anti-loosening of the locking nut 6 and the locking bolt 5 are completed. The opposite steps can be used for disassembly. Therefore, when using the device, there is no need to disassemble the accessories of the fixed roller cutter 1 on the cutter holder 2, and the cutter holder 2 and the accessories of the fixed roller cutter 1 will not be damaged. At the same time, the device itself is also easy to disassemble and can be reused, which significantly improves the working efficiency when multiple cutters need to be changed during shield construction.

[0048] Embodiment 2:

[0049] At the same time Figure 6 As shown, Example 2 of the present invention provides another device for preventing loosening of locking bolts of shield cutter in hard rock formations. The main difference from Example 1 is that under some working conditions, the cutter 1 will be fixed with double locking nuts 6. For this situation, only a slight adjustment to the scheme is required to make it applicable to double locking nuts 6 (or more locking nuts).

[0050] Specifically, for the double locking nuts 6 on a single locking bolt 5, two anti-loosening boxes are stacked at the same time, each anti-loosening box corresponds to a locking nut 6, and the locking nut 6 is located in the limiting hole 10 of the ratchet 8 of the corresponding anti-loosening box to form a rotation limit, and the ratchet 8 in each anti-loosening box is locked by the internal pawl 9.

[0051] At the same time Figure 7 As shown, in this embodiment, an extension rod 15 is also provided, and the extension rod 15 corresponds to the anti-loosening rod 3. The extension rod 15 is arranged in the second through hole of the upper anti-loosening box, and is also provided with a second bolt connection hole, which is used to fix the upper anti-loosening box through the second mounting bolt 13. Among them, the bottom of the extension rod 15 and the top of the anti-loosening rod 3 (vertical rod) are provided with a corresponding clamping structure, and the extension rod 15 is connected to the anti-loosening rod 3 through the clamping structure, so that the upper and lower anti-loosening boxes are connected as a whole, and the locking effect of the upper locking nut 6 is ensured.

[0052] In a specific implementation of this embodiment, the clamping structure includes a clamping block 16 arranged at the bottom of the extension rod 15 and an L-shaped groove 17 arranged at the top of the anti-loosening rod 3. During installation, the extension rod 15 is first rotated to a suitable angle to align the clamping block 16 with the top of the L-shaped groove 17, and then the extension rod 15 is pressed downward to move the clamping block 16 to the bottom of the L-shaped groove 17, and then the extension rod 15 is rotated until the second bolt connection hole is aligned with the second threaded hole of the anti-loosening box, and the extension rod 15 is fixed by the second mounting bolt 13 (and mounting nut). At this time, the rotational freedom of the extension rod 15 is limited, and it cannot be rotated to the previous angle and withdrawn from the L-shaped groove 17, thereby ensuring the stable connection between the extension rod 15 and the anti-loosening rod 3, that is, the stable connection between the upper anti-loosening box and the lower anti-loosening box.

[0053] Of course, when the upper anti-loosening box and the lower anti-loosening box are connected by the extension rod 15, it is only a single-point connection. In order to further improve the connection reliability, in this embodiment, a plurality of vertically distributed connecting gaskets 18 are arranged at the position of the third mounting bolts 14 of the upper anti-loosening box and the lower anti-loosening box, that is, the same connecting gasket 18 has two openings, and passes through the third mounting bolts 14 corresponding to the upper and lower layers respectively, and then is fixed by installing nuts, thereby ensuring the connection stability of the upper anti-loosening box and the lower anti-loosening box at the ends and avoiding loosening of the upper anti-loosening box.

[0054] In the actual installation process, the locking nut 6 and the anti-loosening box of the lower layer can be installed first, and the anti-loosening rod 3 can be installed after the ratchet 8 is locked, and then the locking nut 6 and the anti-loosening box of the upper layer can be installed. After the ratchet 8 is locked, the extension rod 15 can be installed to ensure that both the double-layer locking nuts 6 are locked. Of course, in the case where the double-layer locking nuts 6 have been installed, two different anti-loosening boxes can be prepared in advance, one anti-loosening box has a limiting hole 10 with a limiting step, and the other anti-loosening box has a limiting hole 10 without a limiting step. The anti-loosening box without a limiting step is first inserted into the double-layer locking nut 6 and is located in the lower layer, and the upper-layer locking nut 6 can pass through the limiting hole 10 of the lower-layer anti-loosening box, and then the upper-layer anti-loosening box can be installed.

[0055] The hard rock stratum shield cutter locking bolt anti-loosening device provided in this embodiment can be used for the situation of double-layer (or more layers) locking bolts 5. Similar to Example 1, there is no need to disassemble the accessories fixing the cutter on the cutter holder 2 during installation, and the cutter holder 2 and the accessories fixing the cutter will not be damaged. The device itself is also easy to disassemble and can be reused. For the situation where multiple cutters need to be changed during shield construction, the operating efficiency is significantly improved.

[0056] The technical features of the above embodiments may be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0057] The above embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present application, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the application. It should be pointed out that, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A device for preventing loosening of locking bolts of shield cutters in hard rock formations, characterized in that: It includes an anti-loosening box and an anti-loosening rod installed at the position of the hob and the cutter seat; The cutter holder is provided with accessories for fixing the hob, including a pressure block, a locking bolt and a locking nut. The hob is installed on the cutter holder. The connecting portion of the hob is locked by the locking bolt. The end of the locking bolt extends to the outside of the pressure block. The locking nut is connected to the locking bolt and is pressed against the pressure block. The anti-loosening box comprises a box body, a ratchet and a pawl, the box body is provided with a first through hole and a second through hole, the first through hole corresponds to the locking nut, and the second through hole corresponds to the anti-loosening rod; a limiting hole having the same shape as the locking nut is provided in the middle of the ratchet, and the limiting hole is used to limit the locking nut; a pair of pawls are provided for locking the ratchet; The anti-loosening rod comprises a cross bar and a vertical bar, the cross bar is parallel to and fits with the lower surface of the pressing block, and the end of the vertical bar is inserted into the box body through the second through hole and connected to the box body.

2. The device for preventing loosening of locking bolts of shield cutters in hard rock formations according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The upper and lower parts of the ratchet are also provided with annular steps, the size of which matches the first through hole, and the outer diameter of the ratchet is larger than the aperture of the first through hole.

3. The device for preventing loosening of locking bolts of shield cutters in hard rock formations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The box body is provided with a first threaded hole, a first mounting bolt is inserted into the first threaded hole, the pawl is provided with a first bolt connection hole corresponding to the first mounting bolt, and the first mounting bolt is connected to the first bolt connection hole.

4. The device for preventing loosening of locking bolts of a hard rock stratum shield cutter according to claim 3, characterized in that: A second threaded hole is formed on the side wall of the box body, a second mounting bolt is inserted into the second threaded hole, and a second bolt connection hole corresponding to the second mounting bolt is formed on the vertical rod.

5. The device for preventing loosening of locking bolts of shield cutters in hard rock formations according to claim 4, characterized in that: The arrangement directions of the first mounting bolt and the second mounting bolt are orthogonal to the arrangement direction of the locking bolt.

6. The device for preventing loosening of locking bolts of shield cutters in hard rock formations according to claim 1, characterized in that: A limiting step is also provided at the top of the limiting hole, and a limiting dimension of the limiting step is smaller than an outline dimension of the locking nut.

7. The device for preventing loosening of locking bolts of shield cutters in hard rock formations according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an extension rod, which corresponds to the anti-loosening rod. The extension rod is arranged in the second through hole of the upper anti-loosening box. The extension rod is provided with a second bolt connecting hole, and the bottom of the extension rod and the top of the anti-loosening rod are provided with corresponding clamping structures.

8. The device for preventing loosening of locking bolts of shield cutters in hard rock formations according to claim 7, characterized in that: The clamping structure comprises a clamping block arranged at the bottom of the extension rod and an L-shaped groove arranged at the top of the anti-loosening rod.

9. A device for preventing loosening of locking bolts of a hard rock stratum shield cutter according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The box body is formed by splicing two half boxes, and the ends of the two half boxes are each provided with a third bolt connection hole, in which a third mounting bolt is provided, and the third mounting bolt is connected with a mounting nut, so that the two half boxes are connected to form the box body as a whole.

10. The device for preventing loosening of locking bolts of shield cutters in hard rock formations according to claim 9, characterized in that: The third mounting bolt positions of the upper and lower anti-loosening boxes are provided with vertically distributed connecting gaskets, which are used to connect the corresponding third mounting bolts of the upper and lower layers so that the upper and lower anti-loosening boxes are connected at the ends.

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