Replaceable intelligent tunnel composite lining structure and tunnel

Abstract

The present invention provides a replaceable intelligent tunnel composite lining structure and tunnel. The composite lining structure comprises a first lining layer, a second lining layer, and a third lining layer arranged in sequence. The third lining layer comprises a plurality of first segment rings and a plurality of second segment rings. The first segment ring comprises a first segment ring body with a first notch and a first bottom block group secured to the first notch. The second segment ring comprises a second segment ring body with a second notch and a second bottom block group secured to the second notch. The first segment ring body and the second segment ring body are both spliced ​​structures. Along the extension direction of the tunnel, the plurality of first segment ring bodies and the plurality of second segment ring bodies are alternately spliced. The plurality of first bottom block groups and the plurality of second bottom block groups are alternately arranged, with adjacent first and second bottom block groups spaced apart. The composite lining structure provided by the present invention allows for rapid replacement of damaged segments, achieving effective reinforcement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of tunnels, and in particular relates to a replaceable intelligent tunnel composite lining structure and a tunnel. Background Art

[0002] Tunnels are widely used in highway and railway construction due to their advantages of shortening road mileage, reducing travel times, and improving operational efficiency. However, as the number and mileage of highways and railways in my country continue to grow, the geological environment facing tunnel construction has become increasingly harsh. Currently, highway and railway tunnels primarily utilize traditional composite lining structures, consisting of a primary outer layer of shotcrete and a secondary inner layer of cast-in-place concrete. A waterproof sheet is placed between the primary and secondary linings. Both the existing composite lining and the waterproof sheet are permanent structures, making them difficult to replace promptly and effectively if damaged.

[0003] Engineering practice has shown that tunnels constructed in harsh geological environments, such as fault zones, fractured surrounding rock zones, and karst water-rich areas, frequently suffer from defects during operation. For example, uneven ground settlement undermines structural integrity, while complex geological processes such as freeze-thaw cycles and temperature fluctuations lead to cracking of the lining and even tunnel collapse. This, in turn, places significant strain on the stability and durability of the tunnel structure, severely impacting traffic safety. Because traditional composite lining structures cannot be repaired or replaced promptly, they are not well-suited for tunnel construction under these complex conditions. Furthermore, statistical results show that traditional composite lining structures, constructed from cast-in-place concrete, are subject to difficult-to-avoid construction defects such as insufficient concrete vibration and improper maintenance. These defects can lead to voids behind the lining and compromise structural safety. Once a traditional composite lining is damaged, there are no alternative safety measures to back it up, making it difficult to guarantee tunnel safety during operation.

[0004] In addition, the traditional composite lining structure uses a permanent waterproof board between the primary lining and the secondary lining as the tunnel waterproofing system. On the one hand, the primary lining and the secondary lining cannot be completely tightly fitted, which reduces the waterproof performance of the waterproof board. On the other hand, the waterproof board requires on-site construction, which increases the difficulty and inconvenience of construction and makes it difficult to ensure the construction quality of the waterproof board. Moreover, once the waterproof board fails or the waterproof effect deteriorates due to durability or internal or external factors, the non-replaceable feature of the permanent waterproof board will further accelerate the damage to the tunnel structure and greatly shorten the service life of the tunnel.

[0005] In terms of tunnel lining structure defect monitoring and damage repair, traditional composite lining structure defect monitoring mainly relies on manual inspections, which not only consumes a lot of manpower and material resources, but also makes it difficult to ensure the reliability of lining disease monitoring results. This is not conducive to the early identification of lining diseases, and cannot provide safety warnings for tunnel repair and normal operation. At the same time, traditional composite lining structures currently mainly use grouting and lining to repair damaged linings locally. The surface repair requires a long period of tunnel closure construction, which makes it difficult to achieve fast, efficient, energy-saving and low-cost repair of tunnels, and it is also impossible to effectively reinforce the damaged lining structure. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the technical problem of the inconvenience of replacing the existing damaged lining structure. The tunnel composite lining structure is designed as a three-lining structure, and the third lining layer with both waterproof and load-bearing functions is a spliced ​​structure in the longitudinal and circumferential directions of the tunnel. The damaged blocks can be quickly replaced to achieve effective reinforcement and increase the service life of the tunnel.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a replaceable intelligent tunnel composite lining structure, the tunnel composite lining structure comprising:

[0008] a first lining layer, the first lining layer covering the circumferential surface of the surrounding rock, the first lining layer being used to seal and constrain the surrounding rock;

[0009] a second lining layer, the second lining layer being arranged on an inner side of the first lining layer opposite to the surrounding rock;

[0010] The third lining layer is arranged on the inner side of the second lining layer away from the first lining layer. The third lining layer is a prefabricated part, which includes a plurality of first segment rings and a plurality of second segment rings. The first segment ring includes a first segment ring main body with a first notch and a first bottom block group clamped in the first notch. The second segment ring includes a second segment ring main body with a second notch and a second bottom block group clamped in the second notch. The first segment ring main body and the second segment ring main body are both spliced ​​structures, and the first notch and the second notch are arranged opposite to each other. Along the extension direction of the tunnel, the plurality of first segment ring main bodies and the plurality of second segment ring main bodies are alternately spliced, the plurality of first bottom block groups and the plurality of second bottom block groups are alternately arranged, and the adjacent first bottom block groups and the second bottom block groups are spaced apart.

[0011] In a specific embodiment, the first segment ring body includes two first inverted arch blocks located at the bottom and spaced apart to form the first notch, a first top block disposed opposite to the first bottom block assembly installed in the first notch, and two first intermediate blocks respectively sandwiched between the first top block and the two first inverted arch blocks, wherein the first inverted arch block and the first intermediate block, as well as the first intermediate block and the first top block, are both detachably connected.

[0012] The second segment ring body includes two second inverted arch blocks located at the bottom and spaced apart to form the second notch, a second top block disposed opposite to the second bottom block assembly installed in the second notch, and two second intermediate blocks respectively sandwiched between the second top block and the two second inverted arch blocks, wherein the second inverted arch block and the second intermediate block, as well as the second intermediate block and the second top block, are detachably connected.

[0013] The two first inverted arch blocks are correspondingly spliced ​​with the two second inverted arch blocks, the two first middle blocks are correspondingly spliced ​​with the two second middle blocks, and the first top block is spliced ​​with the second top block.

[0014] In a specific embodiment, the first middle block and the second middle block are composed of two or more unit blocks spliced ​​together.

[0015] In a specific embodiment, the first intermediate block includes a first side wall block and a first arch ring block that are spliced ​​together. The first side wall block is detachably connected to the first inverted arch block, and the first arch ring block is detachably connected to the first top block. Along the circumferential direction of the tunnel, the first inverted arch block on one side, the first side wall block on one side, the first arch ring block on one side, the first top block, the first arch ring block on the other side, the first side wall block on the other side, and the first inverted arch block on the other side are sequentially spliced ​​to form the first segment ring main body.

[0016] The second intermediate block includes a second side wall block and a second arch ring block that are spliced ​​together. The second side wall block is detachably connected to the second inverted arch block, and the second arch ring block is detachably connected to the second top block. Along the circumferential direction of the tunnel, the second inverted arch block on one side, the second side wall block on one side, the second arch ring block on one side, the second top block, the second arch ring block on the other side, the second side wall block on the other side, and the second inverted arch block on the other side are spliced ​​in sequence to form the second segment ring main body.

[0017] In a specific embodiment, the first segment ring is a mirror-symmetrical structure, and the second segment ring is a mirror-symmetrical structure.

[0018] In a specific embodiment, the third lining layer also includes a drainage component, which includes a longitudinal drainage ditch extending along the extension direction of the tunnel, and a plurality of annular drainage grooves formed by inward depressions from the surfaces of the plurality of first pipe segment ring main bodies close to the second lining layer, and the plurality of annular drainage grooves are connected to the longitudinal drainage ditch, wherein the first bottom block, the two first inverted arch blocks and the second lining layer together form a first drainage outlet, and the second bottom block, the two second inverted arch blocks and the second lining layer together form a second drainage outlet, and the plurality of first drainage outlets and the plurality of second drainage outlets are connected to form the longitudinal drainage ditch.

[0019] In a specific embodiment, the first lining layer is a sprayed concrete layer, the second lining layer is a cast-in-place reinforced concrete layer, the first segment ring and the second segment ring are both integrally cast by reinforced concrete and a waterproof board, and the waterproof board is arranged adjacent to the second lining layer.

[0020] In a specific embodiment, the tunnel composite lining structure also includes a monitoring mechanism for monitoring the waterproof performance and stress state of the third lining layer, and the monitoring mechanism includes a plurality of strain sensors and a plurality of water seepage sensors pre-buried in the third lining layer and communicatively connected to the monitoring system, wherein the first inverted arch block, the first middle block, the first top block of each first segment ring main body and the second inverted arch block, the second middle block, the second top block of each second segment ring main body are installed with at least one strain sensor and at least one water seepage sensor.

[0021] In a specific embodiment, the plurality of strain sensors and the plurality of water seepage sensors are all arranged on a side of the waterproof board away from the second lining layer.

[0022] The present invention also provides a tunnel, which includes the replaceable intelligent tunnel composite lining structure described above.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention include at least:

[0024] 1. The replaceable intelligent tunnel composite lining structure provided by the present invention is a three-lining structure, comprising a first lining layer, a second lining layer and a third lining layer arranged in sequence, wherein the first lining layer covers the circumferential surface of the surrounding rock to seal and constrain the surrounding rock, the third lining layer is a prefabricated component, and has both waterproof and load-bearing functions, the third lining layer comprises a plurality of first segment rings and a plurality of second segment rings, the first segment ring comprises a first segment ring main body with a first notch, and a first bottom sealing block group clamped in the first notch, the second segment ring comprises a second segment ring main body with a second notch, and a second bottom sealing block group clamped in the second notch, the first segment ring main body and the second segment ring main body are both spliced ​​structures, and the first notch and the second notch are arranged opposite to each other, and along the extension direction of the tunnel, the plurality of first segment ring main bodies and the plurality of second segment ring main bodies are alternately spliced Then, multiple first bottom seal block groups and multiple second bottom seal block groups are alternately arranged and adjacent first bottom seal block groups and second bottom seal block groups are spaced apart; on the one hand, along the extension direction of the tunnel (longitudinal direction of the tunnel), the third lining layer is a splicing structure, so that the first segment ring and the second segment ring can be split; on the other hand, along the circumferential direction of the tunnel, the first segment ring main body and the second segment ring main body are a splicing structure, so that the first segment ring main body and the second segment ring main body can be split into multiple block segments. In this way, when the segments of the first segment ring main body and the second segment ring main body are damaged, the damaged segments can be replaced through disassembly, replacement and assembly steps, thereby realizing rapid replacement of the damaged segments, completing the repair of the third lining layer, and quickly restoring the tunnel structure strength and performance. It has the advantages of short construction period and small impact on the environment, can quickly ensure tunnel safety and further extend the service life of the tunnel.

[0025] 2. The replaceable intelligent tunnel composite lining structure provided by the present invention has a second lining layer that provides auxiliary waterproofing, while the third lining layer plays the primary waterproofing role. The third lining layer includes a longitudinal drainage ditch extending along the extension direction of the tunnel, and a plurality of annular drainage grooves formed by inward depressions formed from the surfaces of the main bodies of the plurality of first segment rings near the second lining layer. The plurality of annular drainage grooves are connected to the longitudinal drainage ditch. At the same time, the first bottom block group and the second bottom block group are spaced apart, and the plurality of first bottom blocks of the first bottom block group and the plurality of second bottom blocks of the second bottom block group are spaced apart. Thus, when the waterproofing performance of the second lining layer is severely degraded or fails, groundwater that has infiltrated the second lining (second lining layer) of the tunnel can be channeled into the longitudinal drainage ditch along the annular drainage groove. At the same time, accumulated water (such as road surface water) inside the tunnel can also be introduced into the longitudinal drainage ditch through the gaps between the bottom blocks or bottom block groups, and then discharged from the tunnel through the longitudinal drainage ditch. Thus, accumulated water in the tunnel can be effectively drained, avoiding adverse factors such as local hydraulic effects and groundwater corrosion that deteriorate the tunnel structure performance over the long term.

[0026] 3. The replaceable intelligent tunnel composite lining structure provided by the present invention also includes a monitoring mechanism for monitoring the waterproof performance and stress state of the third lining layer. The monitoring mechanism includes a plurality of strain sensors and a plurality of water seepage sensors pre-buried in the third lining layer and communicatively connected to the monitoring system. The first inverted arch block, the first intermediate block, the first top block of each first segment ring main body and the second inverted arch block, the second intermediate block, and the second top block of each second segment ring main body are each installed with at least one strain sensor and at least one water seepage sensor. In this way, the water seepage data and pressure data of each block segment can be obtained in a timely manner through the strain sensors and the water seepage sensors. The monitoring system receives the data monitored in real time by the strain sensors and the water seepage sensors and compares it with a preset threshold value. When the water seepage exceeds a preset water seepage value or the pressure measurement exceeds a preset pressure value, the monitoring system issues an alarm, thereby realizing intelligent prediction of the replacement timing of each block segment in the first segment ring and the second segment ring, thereby ensuring efficient and safe operation during tunnel operation.

[0027] 4. In the present invention, the first segment ring and the second segment ring in the third lining layer are integrally cast using reinforced concrete and a waterproof board. Compared with the traditional method of applying a waterproof board between the first lining layer and the second lining layer, the waterproof board is pre-embedded in the third lining layer and constructed in an assembly manner, which is simple to construct and easy to ensure quality.

[0028] In addition to the above-described objects, features and advantages, the present invention has other objects, features and advantages. The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view of a replaceable intelligent tunnel composite lining structure provided by one embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 A partial three-dimensional structural diagram of a third lining layer equipped with a monitoring mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 for Figure 2 a front view of the third lining layer shown;

[0032] Figure 4 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the first segment ring with the monitoring mechanism installed in the third lining layer is shown;

[0033] Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional view along line AA;

[0034] Figure 6It is a cross-sectional view along line BB;

[0035] Figure 7 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the first segment ring with the monitoring mechanism installed in the third lining layer is shown;

[0036] Figure 8 It is a cross-sectional view along the CC line;

[0037] Figure 9 It is a cross-sectional view along line DD;

[0038] Figure 10 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the first arch ring block in the first segment ring is shown;

[0039] Figure 11 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the first side wall block in the first segment ring is shown;

[0040] Figure 12 is an exploded schematic diagram of the first side wall block in the first segment ring and the second side wall block in the second segment ring before being spliced;

[0041] Figure 13 A structural schematic diagram corresponding to the installation steps of the replaceable intelligent tunnel composite lining structure provided by the present invention;

[0042] Figure 14 This is a structural schematic diagram corresponding to multiple steps of replacing a damaged second arch ring block provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention can be defined and covered by various different implementations according to the claims.

[0044] In response to the defect that traditional tunnel composite lining structures cannot be repaired and replaced in a timely manner, the present invention provides a replaceable intelligent tunnel composite lining structure, which can quickly replace and repair damaged linings. It is suitable for various tunnel cross-section types such as circular, horseshoe-shaped and flat three-center circular, and can be used for the construction of current highway tunnels and railway tunnels and the repair and reinforcement of existing highway tunnels and railway tunnels.

[0045] See also Figures 1 to 12 The present invention provides a replaceable intelligent tunnel composite lining structure, comprising a first lining layer 101, a second lining layer 102 and a third lining layer 103 arranged in sequence, and a monitoring mechanism 104 for monitoring the waterproof performance and stress state of the third lining layer 103, wherein the first lining layer 101 covers the circumferential surface of the surrounding rock 200, and the second lining layer 102 is sandwiched between the first lining layer 101 and the third lining layer 103.

[0046] In the present invention, the first lining layer 101 is a sprayed concrete layer with a thickness of 10cm~20cm, which is used to seal the deformation of the surrounding rock 200 and constrain the deformation of the surrounding rock to a certain extent so that the surrounding rock can fully exert its own active bearing capacity; the second lining layer 102 has a thickness of 40cm~60cm, the third lining layer 103 has a thickness of 20cm~60cm, and the sum of the thickness of the second lining layer 20 and the thickness of the third lining layer 30 is approximately 60cm~100cm. The second lining layer 102 and the third lining layer 103 form a composite beam to jointly bear the main load of the tunnel, and leave a certain load-bearing margin to ensure the long-term operation safety of the tunnel.

[0047] Preferably, the second lining layer 102 is arranged on the inner side of the first lining layer 101 relative to the surrounding rock 200. It is a cast-in-place reinforced concrete layer. On the one hand, it shares the main load of the tunnel with the third lining layer 103. On the other hand, it also plays an auxiliary waterproofing role. More preferably, the concrete in the second lining layer 102 is cast with concrete of a higher water resistance grade to improve the waterproof performance.

[0048] In the present invention, the second lining layer 102 and the third lining layer 103 bear the load together, which reduces the thickness requirement of the cast-in-place concrete and can effectively avoid voids behind the primary lining (first lining layer) caused by construction defects such as insufficient vibration of the cast-in-place concrete and irregular maintenance.

[0049] It should be noted that, in the present invention, when the waterproof performance of the second lining layer 102 is severely attenuated or fails to function, the third lining layer 103 plays a major role in tunnel waterproofing.

[0050] Preferably, the inner surface of the second lining layer 102 is smooth.

[0051] In the present invention, the second lining layer 102 is a cast-in-place reinforced concrete layer, the inner shape of which facing the third lining layer 103 is controllable and the inner outer surface can be smooth and dense, thereby providing a prerequisite for the design and assembly of precast concrete segments in the third lining layer and for making the second lining layer and the third lining layer fit tightly under external prestress.

[0052] In the present invention, the third lining layer 103 and the second lining layer 102 jointly bear the main load of the tunnel and also play a major waterproofing role.

[0053] Please refer to Figure 2The third lining layer 103 is a prefabricated component, which includes a plurality of first segment rings 30 and a plurality of second segment rings 40. The first segment ring 30 includes a first segment ring body 31 having a first notch 31A and a first bottom block group 32 clamped in the first notch 31A. The second segment ring 40 includes a second segment ring body 41 having a second notch 41A and a second bottom block group 42 clamped in the second notch 41A. The first segment ring body 31 and the second segment ring body 41 are both spliced ​​structures, and the first notch 31A and the second notch 41A are arranged opposite each other. Along the extension direction of the tunnel, the plurality of first segment ring bodies 31 and the plurality of second segment ring bodies 41 are alternately spliced, the plurality of first bottom block groups 32 and the plurality of second bottom block groups 42 are alternately arranged, and adjacent first bottom block groups 32 and second bottom block groups 42 are arranged at intervals.

[0054] In the present invention, a plurality of first segment ring main parts 31 and a plurality of second segment ring main parts 41 are spliced ​​alternately. Both the first segment ring main parts 31 and the second segment ring main parts 41 are spliced ​​structures, and the first bottom sealing block group 32 is clamped in the first notch and the second bottom sealing block group 42 is clamped in the second notch. In this way, when the segments spliced ​​together to form the first segment ring main part 31 and / or the second segment ring main part 41 are damaged, a horizontal thrust is first applied by a jack to remove the first bottom sealing block group 32 and / or the second bottom sealing block group 42, and then the thrust of the jack is released to remove the segments of the first segment ring main part 31 and / or the second segment ring main part 41, and the damaged segments are replaced, thereby completing the repair, which has the advantages of being convenient and quick.

[0055] It should be noted that the first tube ring main body 31 and the second tube ring main body 41 are both spliced ​​structures, which can be understood as the first tube ring main body 31 and the second tube ring main body 41 are both composed of multiple blocks spliced ​​together to form a whole.

[0056] In the present invention, the first notch 31A and the second notch 32A are provided to facilitate the installation of the jack to apply circumferential prestress, and the application of circumferential prestress mainly has the following four functions: ① ensuring that the circumferential segments of the first segment ring main body 31 and the second segment ring main body 41 are tightly spliced; ② ensuring that the second lining layer and the third lining layer are tightly fitted; ③ preventing cracks in the third lining layer; and ④ enhancing the penetration pressure of external water entering the tunnel.

[0057] Preferably, the first segment ring 30 and the second segment ring 40 are both integrally cast by reinforced concrete and a waterproof board, and the waterproof board is disposed adjacent to the second lining layer 102 .

[0058] In the present invention, the thickness of the waterproof board is 1 cm. The provision of the waterproof board is an important guarantee for the third lining layer 103 to have waterproof performance.

[0059] Preferably, along the tunnel extension direction, the width of the second segment ring 40 is the same as the width of the first segment ring 30 , and the width value b1 is 1 m to 3 m.

[0060] Preferably, the first segment ring main body 31 includes two first inverted arch blocks 311 located at the bottom and relatively spaced apart to form the first notch 31A, a first top block 312 arranged opposite to the first bottom block group 32 installed in the first notch 31A, and two first middle blocks 313 respectively sandwiched between the first top block 312 and the two first inverted arch blocks 311. The first inverted arch block 311 and the first middle block 313 and the first middle block 313 and the first top block 312 are all detachably connected.

[0061] Preferably, the first middle block 313 is composed of two or more unit blocks spliced ​​together.

[0062] In an embodiment of the present invention, the first intermediate block 313 includes a first side wall block 3131 and a first arch ring block 3132 that are spliced ​​together. The first side wall block 3131 is detachably connected to the first inverted arch block 311, and the first arch ring block 3132 is detachably connected to the first top block 312. Along the circumferential direction of the tunnel, the first inverted arch block 311 on one side, the first side wall block 3131 on one side, the first arch ring block 3132 on one side, the first top block 312, the first arch ring block 3132 on the other side, the first side wall block 3131 on the other side, and the first inverted arch block 311 on the other side are spliced ​​in sequence to form the first segment ring main body 31.

[0063] In other embodiments, the first middle block 313 may also be a whole block or three or four or more unit blocks. The first middle block 313 of the present invention is composed of two unit blocks, which is determined based on factors such as production cost and installation convenience.

[0064] In this embodiment, the first tube ring body 31 is composed of seven blocks. In other embodiments, the first tube ring body can also be composed of three blocks, four blocks, five blocks, six blocks, eight blocks, or other numbers of blocks.

[0065] Preferably, the first segment ring main body 31 is composed of seven segments spliced ​​together.

[0066] When the first tube segment ring main body 31 is composed of seven segments, the assembly and disassembly of the first tube segment ring main body 31 are relatively convenient and quick, and the production cost is relatively low.

[0067] Preferably, the first tube ring body 31 is a mirror-symmetrical structure.

[0068] That is, in the present invention, the two first inverted arch blocks 311 are arranged opposite each other and have the same shape, the two first side wall blocks 3131 are arranged opposite each other and have the same shape, and the two first arch ring blocks 3132 are arranged opposite each other and have the same shape. It can also be understood that, as can be seen from the cross-sectional view, the two first inverted arch blocks 311, the two first side wall blocks 3131 and the two first arch ring blocks 3132 are all symmetrically arranged about the symmetry axis in the vertical direction of the first pipe segment ring main body 31.

[0069] by Figure 4 The arrangement shown is a reference perspective, in which the two first inverted arch blocks 311 , the two first side wall blocks 3131 and the two first arch ring blocks 3132 are arranged bilaterally symmetrically.

[0070] In the present invention, the arc angle θ1 of the first capping block is 20°~40°, the arc angle θ2 of the first arch ring block is 50°~70°, the arc angle θ3 of the first side wall block is 35°~55°, and the arc angle θ4 of the first inverted arch block is 40°~60°.

[0071] In the present invention, the first inverted arch block 311, the first side wall block 3131, the first arch ring block 3132 and the first top block 312 are specifically spliced ​​as follows:

[0072] The first inverted arch block 311 includes a first inverted arch block main body, a first overlapping portion extending from the first inverted arch block main body toward one end of the first side wall block 3131, and a plurality of first bolts embedded in the first overlapping portion, wherein the lower surface of the first overlapping portion abuts against the second lining layer and the thickness of the first overlapping portion is less than the thickness of the first inverted arch block main body.

[0073] The first side wall block 3131 includes a first side wall block main body 31311, a second overlapping portion 31312 extending from the first side wall block main body 31311 toward one end of the first arch block 311, a third overlapping portion 31313 extending from the first side wall block main body 31311 toward one end of the first arch ring block 3132, a plurality of first bolt holes 31314 penetrating the second overlapping portion along the thickness direction of the second overlapping portion and cooperating with a plurality of first bolts, and a plurality of second bolts 31315 embedded in the third overlapping portion, wherein the second overlapping portion is overlapped on the first overlapping portion and locked by a nut, the sum of the thickness of the second overlapping portion and the first overlapping portion is the same as the thickness of the first side wall block main body, the lower surface of the third overlapping portion abuts against the second lining layer and the thickness of the third overlapping portion is less than the thickness of the first side wall block main body.

[0074] The first arch ring block 3132 includes a first arch ring block main body 31321, a fourth overlapping portion 31322 extending from the first arch ring block main body 31321 toward one end of the first side wall block, a fifth overlapping portion 31323 extending from the first arch ring block main body toward one end of the first top block, a plurality of second bolt holes 31324 penetrating the fourth overlapping portion along the thickness direction of the fourth overlapping portion and cooperating with a plurality of second bolts, and a plurality of third bolts 31325 embedded in the fifth overlapping portion, wherein the fourth overlapping portion is overlapped on the third overlapping portion and locked by a nut, the sum of the thickness of the fourth overlapping portion and the third overlapping portion is the same as the thickness of the first side wall block main body / first arch ring block main body, the lower surface of the fifth overlapping portion abuts against the second lining layer and the thickness of the fifth overlapping portion is less than the thickness of the first arch ring block main body.

[0075] The first top block 312 includes a first top block main body, two sixth overlapping parts extending from both ends of the first top block main body, and a plurality of third bolt holes penetrating the sixth overlapping part along the thickness direction of the sixth overlapping part and cooperating with a plurality of third bolts. The two sixth overlapping parts are respectively overlapped on the fifth overlapping parts of the two first arch ring blocks and are locked by nuts. The sum of the thickness of the sixth overlapping part and the fifth overlapping part is the same as the thickness of the first top block main body.

[0076] It should be noted that when adjacent blocks are overlapped, bolts are passed through the corresponding bolt holes and then tightened by nuts.

[0077] Preferably, the thickness of the main body of the first inverted arch block near one end of the first side wall block, the sum of the thicknesses of the first overlapping portion and the second overlapping portion overlapped together, the thickness of the main body of the first side wall block, the sum of the thicknesses of the third overlapping portion and the fourth overlapping portion overlapped together, the thickness of the main body of the first arch ring block, and the sum of the thicknesses of the fifth overlapping portion and the sixth overlapping portion overlapped together are all the same, and the cross-sectional thickness h1 is between 20 cm and 60 cm.

[0078] In this way, on the one hand, the construction difficulty of the first segment ring can be reduced and the production cost can be controlled. On the other hand, it is conducive to adjusting the local curvature of each block of the first segment ring, that is, it can effectively cope with the impact of uneven confining pressure on the third lining layer without changing the local cross-sectional thickness.

[0079] Preferably, the cross-sectional thickness h3 of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth overlapping joints is 0.5h1, and their arc lengths are no less than 50 cm. This ensures greater stability when the segments of the first segment ring body 31 are spliced ​​together in the tunnel circumferential direction. Furthermore, the use of overlapping overlaps to connect the segments of the first segment ring body extends the water seepage path and increases the permeation pressure when prestress is applied in the circumferential direction.

[0080] Preferably, the cross-sectional thickness h2 of the end of the main portion of the first inverted arch block away from the first side wall block is greater than the cross-sectional thickness h1, and the two oppositely arranged first inverted arch blocks form a corbel-type structure at their ends close to each other. On the one hand, it provides a construction platform for applying circumferential prestress, and on the other hand, it can prevent the first inverted arch blocks from being damaged due to the large load they bear during the application of the circumferential prestress.

[0081] More preferably, h2 is 1.5h1 ~ 2.5h1.

[0082] In the present invention, the first inverted arch block also includes a first step formed by being recessed inward from the end of the first side wall block away from the main body of the first inverted arch block. The first step portions of the two first inverted arch blocks are arranged opposite to each other to jointly form the second gap 32A. The two first steps are used to support the first bottom block group 32.

[0083] In the present invention, the first bottom sealing block group 32 is clamped in the first notch 31A to close the first pipe segment ring main body 31. At the same time, it facilitates the application of circumferential prestress to the first pipe segment ring main body, so as to fully exert the mechanical properties of the third lining layer. In addition, it can also provide preconditions for the removal of each block segment in the first pipe segment ring main body 31 and the setting of longitudinal drainage ditches.

[0084] Preferably, the first bottom sealing block group 32 includes two first bottom sealing blocks 321 spaced apart from each other, and the first bottom sealing blocks 321 abut against the first steps of the two first inverted arch blocks.

[0085] Preferably, the distance between the two first bottom cover blocks 321 is 10 cm to 20 cm.

[0086] In this embodiment, along the extending direction of the tunnel, the width b2 of the first bottom sealing block 321 is 30 cm to 40 cm.

[0087] Preferably, the second segment ring main body 41 includes two second inverted arch blocks 411 located at the bottom and relatively spaced apart to form the second notch 41A, a second top block 412 arranged opposite to the second bottom block group 42 installed in the second notch 41A, and two second middle blocks 413 respectively sandwiched between the second top block 412 and the two second inverted arch blocks 411. The second inverted arch block 411 and the second middle block 413 and the second middle block 413 and the second top block 412 are all detachably connected.

[0088] Preferably, the second middle block 413 is composed of two or more unit blocks spliced ​​together.

[0089] In the present invention, the second intermediate block 413 includes a second side wall block 4131 and a second arch ring block 4132 that are spliced ​​together. The second side wall block 4131 is detachably connected to the second inverted arch block 411, and the second arch ring block 4132 is detachably connected to the second top block 412. Along the circumferential direction of the tunnel, the second inverted arch block 411 on one side, the second side wall block 4131 on one side, the second arch ring block 4132 on one side, the second top block 412, the second arch ring block 4132 on the other side, the second side wall block 4131 on the other side, and the second inverted arch block 411 on the other side are spliced ​​in sequence to form the second segment ring main body 41.

[0090] In other embodiments, the second middle block 413 may also be a whole block or three or four or more unit blocks. The second middle block 413 of the present invention is composed of two unit blocks, which is determined based on factors such as production cost and installation convenience.

[0091] In this embodiment, the second tube ring body 41 is composed of seven blocks. In other embodiments, the second tube ring body can also be composed of three blocks, four blocks, five blocks, six blocks, eight blocks, or other numbers of blocks.

[0092] Preferably, the second segment ring main body 41 is composed of seven segments spliced ​​together.

[0093] Preferably, the second tube ring body 41 is a mirror-symmetrical structure.

[0094] That is, in the present invention, the two second inverted arch blocks 411 are arranged opposite each other and have the same shape, the two second side wall blocks 4131 are arranged opposite each other and have the same shape, and the two second arch ring blocks 4132 are arranged opposite each other and have the same shape. It can also be understood that, based on the cross-sectional view, the two second inverted arch blocks 411, the two second side wall blocks 4131 and the two second arch ring blocks 4132 are all symmetrically arranged about the symmetry axis in the vertical direction of the second pipe segment ring main body 41.

[0095] by Figure 7 The arrangement shown is a reference perspective, in which the two second inverted arch blocks 411 , the two second side wall blocks 4131 and the two second arch ring blocks 4132 are arranged bilaterally symmetrically.

[0096] In the present invention, the arc angle θ1 of the second capping block is 20°~40°, the arc angle θ2 of the second arch ring block is 50°~70°, the arc angle θ3 of the second side wall block is 35°~55°, and the arc angle θ4 of the second inverted arch block is 40°~60°.

[0097] In the present invention, the second inverted arch block 411, the second side wall block 4131, the second arch ring block 4132 and the second top block 412 are specifically spliced ​​as follows:

[0098] The second inverted arch block 411 includes a second inverted arch block main body, a first overlapping flange extending from the second inverted arch block main body toward one end of the second side wall block 4131, and a plurality of first connecting bolts embedded in the second overlapping portion, wherein the lower surface of the second overlapping portion abuts the second lining layer and the thickness of the second overlapping portion is less than the thickness of the second inverted arch block main body.

[0099] The second side wall block 4131 includes a second side wall block main body, a second lap flange extending from the second side wall block main body toward one end of the second arch block main body, a third lap flange extending from the second side wall block main body toward one end of the second arch ring block, a plurality of first mounting holes penetrating the second lap flange along the thickness direction of the second lap flange and cooperating with a plurality of second bolts, and a plurality of second bolts embedded in the third lap portion, wherein the second lap flange is overlapped on the first lap flange and is locked by a nut, the sum of the thickness of the second lap flange and the first lap flange is the same as the thickness of the second side wall block main body, the lower surface of the third lap flange abuts against the second lining layer and the thickness of the third lap flange is less than the thickness of the second side wall block main body.

[0100] The second arch ring block 4133 includes a second arch ring block main body, a fourth lap flange extending from the second arch ring block main body toward one end of the second side wall block main body, a fifth lap flange extending from the second arch ring block main body toward one end of the second top block, a plurality of second mounting holes penetrating the fourth lap flange along the thickness direction of the fourth lap flange and cooperating with a plurality of second connecting bolts, and a plurality of third connecting bolts embedded in the fifth lap portion, wherein the fourth lap flange is overlapped on the third lap flange and is locked by a nut, the sum of the thickness of the fourth lap flange and the third lap flange is the same as the thickness of the second side wall block main body / the second arch ring block main body, the lower surface of the fifth lap flange abuts against the second lining layer and the thickness of the fifth lap flange is less than the thickness of the second arch ring block main body.

[0101] The second top block 412 includes a second top block main body, two sixth lap flanges extending from both ends of the second top block main body, and a plurality of third mounting holes penetrating the sixth lap flange along the thickness direction of the sixth lap flange and cooperating with a plurality of third connecting bolts. The two sixth lap flanges are respectively overlapped on the fifth lap flanges of the two second arch ring blocks and are locked by nuts. The sum of the thickness of the sixth lap flange and the fifth lap flange is the same as the thickness of the second top block main body.

[0102] It should be noted that when adjacent segments are overlapped, bolts are passed through the corresponding mounting holes and then tightened by nuts.

[0103] Preferably, the thickness of the main portion of the second inverted arch block at one end close to the second side wall block, the sum of the thicknesses of the second overlapping portion and the second overlapping portion together, the thickness of the main portion of the second side wall block, the sum of the thicknesses of the third overlapping portion and the fourth overlapping portion together, the thickness of the main portion of the second arch ring block, and the sum of the thicknesses of the fifth overlapping portion and the sixth overlapping portion together are all the same, and the cross-sectional thickness h1 is between 20 cm and 60 cm. In this way, on the one hand, the construction difficulty of the second segment ring can be reduced and the production cost can be controlled. On the other hand, it is conducive to adjusting the local curvature of each block section of the second segment ring, that is, without changing the local cross-sectional thickness, the influence of uneven confining pressure on the third lining layer can be effectively addressed.

[0104] Preferably, the cross-sectional thickness h3 of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth lap flanges is 0.5h1, and their arc length is no less than 50 cm. This ensures greater stability when the segments of the second segment ring body 41 are joined together in the tunnel circumferential direction. Furthermore, the use of overlapping lap flanges to join the segments of the second segment ring body extends the water seepage path and increases the permeation pressure when prestress is applied in the circumferential direction.

[0105] Preferably, the cross-sectional thickness h2 of the end of the main portion of the second inverted arch block away from the second side wall block is greater than the cross-sectional thickness h1, and the two oppositely arranged second inverted arch blocks form a corbel-type structure at their ends close to each other. On the one hand, it provides a construction platform for the jack to apply circumferential prestress, and on the other hand, it can prevent the second inverted arch blocks from being damaged due to the large load they bear during the application of the circumferential prestress.

[0106] More preferably, h2 is 1.5h1 ~ 2.5h1.

[0107] In the present invention, the second inverted arch block also includes a second step formed by being recessed inward from the end of the second inverted arch block main body away from the second side wall block. The second step portions of the two second inverted arch blocks are arranged opposite to each other to jointly form the second gap 41A. The two second steps are used to support the second bottom block group 42.

[0108] In the present invention, the second bottom sealing block group 42 is clamped in the second notch 41A to close the second pipe segment ring main body 41. At the same time, it facilitates the application of circumferential prestress to the second pipe segment ring main body, so as to fully exert the mechanical properties of the third lining layer. In addition, it can also provide preconditions for the removal of each block segment in the second pipe segment ring main body 41 and the setting of longitudinal drainage ditches.

[0109] Preferably, the second bottom cover block group 42 includes four second bottom cover blocks 421 that are spaced apart from each other, and the second bottom cover blocks 421 abut against the second steps of two second inverted arch blocks.

[0110] Preferably, the distance between the two second bottom cover blocks 421 is 10 cm to 20 cm.

[0111] In this embodiment, along the extending direction of the tunnel, the width b2 of the second bottom sealing block 421 is 30 cm to 40 cm.

[0112] In the present invention, along the extension direction of the tunnel, the two first inverted arch blocks 311 and the two second inverted arch blocks 411 are spliced ​​respectively, the two first side wall blocks 3131 and the two second side wall blocks 4131 are spliced ​​respectively, the two first arch ring blocks 3132 and the two second arch ring blocks 4132 are spliced ​​respectively, and the first top block and the second top block are spliced.

[0113] Preferably, the first inverted arch block 311, the first side wall block 3131, the first arch ring block 3132 and the first top block 312 are all A-type segments, and the second inverted arch block 411, the second side wall block 4131, the second arch ring block 4132 and the second top block 412 are all B-type segments, and the A-type segments and the B-type segments match each other.

[0114] Along the extension direction of the tunnel, the A-type pipe segment has a structure in which the middle part is thick and the two side parts are thin. At the same time, the lower surfaces of the two side parts and the lower surface of the middle part are located on the same arc surface and the upper surfaces of the two side parts are lower than the upper surface of the middle part. A plurality of fastening bolts are pre-embedded on both sides of the A-type pipe segment; the B-type pipe segment also has a structure in which the middle part is thick and the two side parts are thin. At the same time, the upper surfaces of the two side parts and the upper surface of the middle part are located on the same arc surface and the lower surfaces of the two side parts are lower than the lower surface of the middle part. Through holes cooperating with fastening bolts are respectively opened on both sides of the B-type pipe segment. When the A-type pipe segment and the B-type pipe segment are spliced ​​together, the B-type pipe segment is laid on the A-type pipe segment, and the fastening bolts pass through the through holes and are locked with nuts.

[0115] Preferably, the thickness of both side portions of the A-type tube segment and the B-type tube segment is 1 / 2 of the thickness of the middle portion.

[0116] Preferably, the widths of the two overlapping sides of the A-type pipe segment are the same, and the widths of the two overlapping sides of the B-type pipe segment are the same, and both are not less than 50 cm.

[0117] In the present invention, the matching of type A segments and type B segments can be understood as: the splicing of type A segments and type B segments is seamless, that is, the width of both sides of type A segments is the same as the width of both sides of type B segments.

[0118] Please refer to Figures 4 to 9 ,as well as Figure 12 , Figure 12 This is an exploded view of the first side wall block 3131 and the second side wall block 4131 before assembly. Figure 5 and Figure 12 It can be seen that the two sides of the A-type segment are concave downward from the inner surface to form two first defects. Figure 8 and Figure 12It can be seen that two sides of the B-type tube segment are recessed inward from the outer surface to form two second defect portions, and the first defect portion and the second defect portion match each other.

[0119] It should be noted that the inner surface here refers to the surface of the first side wall block and the second side wall block away from the second lining layer, and the outer surface refers to the surface of the first side wall block and the second side wall block facing the second lining layer.

[0120] Combined with the above description of the structure of each block segment, in the present invention, the first defect portion is formed by the depression of the main body portion of each block segment of the first tube ring main body portion, and the second defect portion is formed by the depression of the main body portion of each block segment of the second tube ring main body portion.

[0121] Preferably, the third lining layer 103 also includes a drainage component 50, which includes a longitudinal drainage ditch 51 extending along the extension direction of the tunnel, and a plurality of annular drainage grooves 52 formed by inward depressions from the surfaces of the plurality of first segment ring main bodies 31 close to the second lining layer 102, and the plurality of annular drainage grooves 52 are connected to the longitudinal drainage ditch 51, wherein the first bottom block group 32, the two first inverted arch blocks 311 and the second lining layer 102 together form a first drainage outlet 511, and the second bottom block group 42, the two second inverted arch blocks 411 and the second lining layer 102 together form a second drainage outlet 512, and the plurality of first drainage outlets 511 and the plurality of second drainage outlets 512 are connected to form the longitudinal drainage ditch 51.

[0122] Preferably, along the extension direction of the tunnel, the annular drainage groove 52 is opened in the middle position of the first segment ring main body 31.

[0123] Preferably, the circumferential length of the longitudinal drainage ditch 51 is 50 cm to 80 cm, and the height is greater than h3.

[0124] Preferably, the annular drainage groove 52 is a semicircular groove with a radius of 2 cm.

[0125] Preferably, the monitoring mechanism 104 includes a plurality of strain sensors 1041 and a plurality of water seepage sensors 1042 pre-buried in the third lining layer 103, wherein the first inverted arch block 311, the first intermediate block 313, the first top block 312 of each first segment ring main body 31 and the second inverted arch block 411, the second intermediate block 413, the second top block 412 of each second segment ring main body 41 are installed with at least one strain sensor and at least one water seepage sensor.

[0126] When the first intermediate block 313 is a splicing structure, each unit block that is spliced ​​to form the first intermediate block is installed with at least one strain sensor and at least one water seepage sensor; when the second intermediate block 413 is a splicing structure, each unit block that is spliced ​​to form the second intermediate block is installed with at least one strain sensor and at least one water seepage sensor.

[0127] In the present invention, each block segment of the first segment ring main body 31 and each block segment of the second segment ring main body 41 are pre-buried with strain sensors and water seepage sensors. In this way, the water seepage data and pressure data of each block segment can be obtained in a timely manner, the tunnel lining water seepage and structural damage conditions can be intelligently identified, and long-term unmanned monitoring of the tunnel structure health status can be achieved, providing technical support for tunnel maintenance during operation.

[0128] Preferably, the strain sensor 1041 and the water seepage sensor 1042 are arranged on a side of the waterproof board away from the second lining layer 102 .

[0129] The number of strain sensors and water seepage sensors installed on each block segment of the first tube ring main body and the second tube ring main body can be determined according to actual conditions. Preferably, relatively dense strain sensors and water seepage sensors are arranged at the connection points of each block segment along the circumferential direction of the tunnel.

[0130] Each of the strain sensors 1041 and each of the water seepage sensors 1042 are communicatively connected to the monitoring system. The monitoring system receives real-time monitoring data from the strain sensors and the water seepage sensors, and compares the data with preset thresholds. When the water seepage exceeds the preset water seepage value or the pressure measurement value exceeds the preset pressure value, the monitoring system issues an alarm, which can realize intelligent prediction of the replacement timing of each segment in the first pipe segment ring and the second pipe segment ring, thereby ensuring efficient and safe operation during tunnel operation.

[0131] like Figure 13 As shown, the present invention also provides a construction method for a replaceable intelligent tunnel composite lining structure, the construction method comprising the following steps:

[0132] Step 1: After tunnel excavation, the first lining layer is immediately applied to restrain surrounding rock deformation as early as possible and ensure the safety of subsequent tunnel construction.

[0133] The structure of the first lining layer 101 after completion is shown in detail. Figure 13 (a) in the.

[0134] Step 2: After the first lining layer is completed, the second lining layer is molded and constructed. After the mold is completed, the inner surface of the second lining layer is cleaned and repaired to ensure that the inner surface is smooth and flat.

[0135] The structure of the second lining layer 102 after construction is completed is detailed in Figure 13 (b) in the.

[0136] During the formwork process, it is recommended to use concrete with a high water resistance grade and to fully vibrate the concrete during pouring to reduce porosity within the second lining layer. Furthermore, after formwork is completed, the inner surface of the second lining layer should be cleaned and repaired to ensure a smooth and flat surface. This is to prevent stress concentration caused by protrusions on the inner surface when the hoop prestress is applied to the third lining layer, which could damage the third lining structure.

[0137] Step 3: Assemble multiple first segment rings and multiple second segment rings inside the second lining layer 102 to complete the construction of the third lining layer 103.

[0138] The steps for assembling any first segment ring include:

[0139] Step 3-1: Position two first inverted arch blocks 311 and install the leveling jack 300 in the first gap 31A formed by the two first inverted arch blocks 311 being spaced apart.

[0140] The structure of the two first inverted arch blocks 311 after positioning is detailed in Figure 13 (c) in the.

[0141] Step 3-2: Install the first side wall block 3131, the first arch ring block 3132 and the first top block 312 in sequence from bottom to top and crosswise. During the installation process, overlap and align the block segments and tighten the nuts to complete the splicing of the first segment ring main body 31.

[0142] The structure of the first segment ring body 31 after splicing is detailed in Figure 13 (d) in.

[0143] Step 3-3: Use the horizontal jack 300 to apply horizontal thrust to apply circumferential prestress to the main body 31 of the first segment ring. When the horizontal thrust increases to the predetermined thrust, re-tighten the nuts at the overlapping grooves of each segment and install the first bottom block group 32 to ensure that effective circumferential prestress is formed in the first segment ring.

[0144] The structure of the first bottom sealing block group 32 after being installed in the first segment ring main body 31 is shown in detail. Figure 13 (e) in.

[0145] In the present invention, a horizontal thrust is applied by means of a horizontal jack 300, thereby imparting circumferential prestress to the main portion of the first pipe ring. The circumferential prestress of the pipe segments has the following four main functions: 1) ensuring tight splicing of the segments in the circumferential direction; 2) ensuring tight fit between the second and third lining layers; 3) preventing cracks in the third lining layer; and 4) enhancing the penetration pressure of external water entering the tunnel.

[0146] Step 3-4: Remove the horizontal jack, and the installation of the first segment ring 30 is completed.

[0147] The structure of the first segment ring 30 after installation is detailed in Figure 13 (f) in.

[0148] The assembly steps of the second segment ring include:

[0149] First, install two adjacent first segment rings at the preset position;

[0150] Then install the second segment ring between the two adjacent first segment rings. Along the circumferential direction of the tunnel, the assembly steps of the second segment ring are the same as the assembly steps of the first segment ring. Along the extension direction of the tunnel, the second segment ring is spliced ​​with the two first segment rings on both sides of it and locked with nuts.

[0151] In the present invention, all first segment rings can be installed at pre-set positions before the second segment rings are installed. At the same time, the first segment rings and the second segment rings can be installed alternately, and the installation of the second segment ring can only be carried out after the construction of the two adjacent first segment rings is completed.

[0152] like Figure 14 As shown, the present invention also provides a method for replacing a damaged segment in the third lining layer. When the damaged segment is located in the target second segment ring, the replacement method includes the following steps:

[0153] Step 1: Based on the monitoring data of the monitoring organization, determine the location information of the damaged segment according to the installation position of the strain sensor and / or water seepage sensor that feedbacks abnormal data. The location information includes the serial number of the target second segment ring and the serial number of the damaged segment.

[0154] Step 2: Install the horizontal jack 300 at the second notch of the target second segment ring corresponding to the damaged block.

[0155] Step 3: Use a horizontal jack to apply horizontal thrust. When the target second segment ring body 41 is circumferentially deformed and sufficient space is created for the second bottom sealing block group 42 to move, remove the second bottom sealing block 42.

[0156] Step 4: Release the horizontal thrust of the jack, and then remove the second top block and the second arch ring block from top to bottom and left to right, until the damaged block segment is removed.

[0157] Step 5: Replace the damaged segments and smooth out any protrusions on the inner surface of the second lining layer. In addition, any cracks on the inner surface of the second lining layer may be repaired appropriately.

[0158] Step 6: Re-join the second segment ring to complete the repair of the damaged segment.

[0159] See also Figure 14 Middle (a), Figure 14 (a) indicates that the damaged block is the second arch ring block 01 of a second segment ring; Figure 14 (b) and (c) correspond to installing a horizontal jack at the second notch. Figure 14 (d) corresponds to the removal of the second top block and the second arch ring block. Figure 14 (e) corresponds to the structure after the second top block and the second arch ring block are removed. Figure 14 (f) in the figure shows the structure after the damaged second arch ring block is replaced by a new second arch ring block.

[0160] When the damaged segment is located in the target first segment ring, the replacement method includes the following steps:

[0161] Step 1: Based on the monitoring data of the monitoring organization, determine the location information of the damaged segment according to the installation position of the strain sensor and / or water seepage sensor that feedbacks abnormal data. The location information includes the serial number of the target first segment ring and the serial number of the damaged segment.

[0162] Step 2: Remove the two second segment rings adjacent to the target first segment ring according to the method for removing the second segment ring described above, then remove the target first segment ring, replace the damaged segment with a new segment, and then assemble the new target first segment ring according to the method for splicing the first segment ring described above.

[0163] Step 3: After the new target first segment ring is assembled, the two disassembled second segment rings are assembled.

[0164] The present invention also provides a tunnel, which includes the replaceable intelligent tunnel composite lining structure described above.

[0165] Preferably, the cross-section of the tunnel is one of a circle, a horseshoe and a flat three-center circle.

[0166] Example

[0167] It should be noted that, in the embodiments, the characteristic names "primary lining" refer to the first lining layer, "secondary lining" refers to the second lining layer, and "tertiary lining" refers to the third lining layer.

[0168] The replaceable intelligent tunnel composite lining structure provided by the present invention is being applied to the reuse of an existing abandoned tunnel. A highway reconstruction project requires traversing a mountainous section. Near the selected route lies an existing abandoned tunnel. Adhering to the principles of sustainable development, the project intends to reuse this abandoned tunnel. Tunnel survey data reveals that the tunnel is a straight tunnel, excavated in the 1970s and 1980s. Initially used for civil air defense projects, it was later abandoned for various reasons. The tunnel traverses Neogene-Pliocene sedimentary rock, free of adverse geological phenomena or unique rock and soil characteristics, but with abundant groundwater. The tunnel is approximately 300 meters long and 12.3 meters wide. The lining structure consists of a 10-cm-thick shotcrete lining and a 50-cm-thick C30 reinforced concrete secondary lining. The roadbed has already been constructed. The tunnel exhibits no collapse, only localized weathering, cracking, and water seepage. Overall stability is acceptable, making it suitable for highway reconstruction. A replaceable intelligent tunnel composite lining structure is being used to repair and reinforce the tunnel.

[0169] The specific operations are as follows:

[0170] (1) According to the requirements of the Code for Investigation of Geotechnical Engineering (GB 50021-2001), an on-site investigation was conducted on the soil quality and hydrological distribution of the strata through which the tunnel passes. The investigation data showed that the thickness of the overburden layer of the tunnel was approximately 36.8 m, and the average density of the rock and soil was 19.8 kN / m 3 , the average cohesion is 22.8 kPa, the average internal friction angle is 36.2° and the average moisture content is 23.2%.

[0171] (2) According to the requirements of the "Highway Tunnel Design Code" (JTG 3370.1-2018) and the relevant provisions of the first-class highway two-lane tunnel, the replaceable intelligent tunnel composite lining structure is designed. As for the abandoned tunnel, the existing shotcrete lining can replace the primary lining in the replaceable intelligent tunnel composite lining structure, and the existing secondary lining can replace the secondary lining in the replaceable intelligent tunnel composite lining structure. As for the third lining, in the tunnel ring direction, the maximum cross-sectional thickness h1 is 40 cm, the arc angle θ1 of the first capping block and the second capping block is 30°, the arc angle θ2 of the first arch ring block and the second arch ring block is 60°, the arc angle θ3 of the first side wall block and the second side wall block is 44°, the arc angle θ4 of the first inverted arch block and the second inverted arch block is 50°, and the arc angle θ5 of the first bottom block and the second bottom block is 22°. At the bracket structure of the first segment ring and the second segment ring, the maximum cross-sectional thickness is 80 cm; along the tunnel circumference, the overlapping arc length of each segment is 50 cm and the thickness is 40 cm; along the tunnel longitudinal direction (tunnel extension direction), the maximum longitudinal ring width of type A and type B segments is 2 m (i.e., the tunnel is equipped with a total of 100 sets of type A and type B segment rings), the overlapping length of the longitudinal ends of type A and type B segments is 50 cm and the thickness is 40 cm; the longitudinal drainage ditch has a circumferential length of 60 cm and a thickness of 30 cm; the width of the first and second bottom sealing blocks is 40 cm, and the gap between them is 10 cm (a total of 600 bottom sealing blocks are required for the tunnel); the three-lining pre-embedded waterproof board, water seepage sensor and strain sensor;

[0172] (3) Based on geological survey data and the design dimensions of the replaceable intelligent tunnel composite lining structure, the feasibility of the composite lining structure was verified in accordance with the stability evaluation standards of the "Highway Tunnel Design Code" (JTG 3370.1-2018). The results showed that the design can meet various stability requirements.

[0173] (4) Carry out corresponding construction work in accordance with the requirements of the Technical Specifications for Highway Tunnel Construction (JTG / T 3660-2020) and in combination with the construction characteristics of the replaceable intelligent tunnel composite lining structure.

[0174] (5) Remove the existing roadbed and reinforce the local weathering, cracking and seepage areas of the existing secondary lining with grouting. On this basis, further clean and repair the inner surface of the secondary lining to ensure that the inner surface is smooth and flat, providing a safe and reliable construction environment for the subsequent construction of the third lining.

[0175] (6) According to the three-lining construction process of the replaceable intelligent tunnel composite lining structure, the three-lining segments are spliced ​​and installed. During the application of the circumferential prestress, the deformation of the segments needs to be monitored with the help of relevant components to ensure that the circumferential prestress is effectively applied. If the circumferential prestress does not meet the design requirements, it needs to be re-applied;

[0176] (7) After the installation of the three linings is completed, the water seepage and strain sensors built into the segments will be connected to the external monitoring system to monitor the health of the tunnel lining structure over a long period of time. Further, the tunnel subgrade and pavement construction will be carried out, and the corresponding auxiliary facilities will be installed, and the tunnel will be put into use.

[0177] (8) During operation, if the lining of the third lining is partially damaged and reaches the set alarm threshold, the damaged lining can be quickly replaced and repaired according to the third lining replacement construction process in the replaceable intelligent tunnel composite lining structure mentioned above.

[0178] The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, and the specific implementation of the present invention should not be considered to be limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art of the present invention, several simple deductions and substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all of these should be considered to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for replacing damaged segments in a replaceable intelligent tunnel composite lining structure, wherein the tunnel composite lining structure comprises a first lining layer, a second lining layer, a detachably connected third lining layer, and a monitoring mechanism for monitoring the waterproof performance and stress state of the third lining layer, wherein the damaged segment is a damaged segment in the third lining layer, and wherein: The first lining layer covers the circumferential surface of the surrounding rock, and the first lining layer is used to seal and constrain the surrounding rock. The second lining layer is arranged on the inner side of the first lining layer opposite to the surrounding rock, and the third lining layer is arranged on the inner side of the second lining layer away from the first lining layer. The third lining layer is a prefabricated component, which includes a plurality of first segment rings and a plurality of second segment rings. The first segment ring includes a first segment ring main body with a first notch and a first bottom block group clamped in the first notch. The second segment ring includes a second segment ring main body with a second notch and a second bottom block group clamped in the second notch. The first segment ring main body and the second segment ring main body are both spliced ​​structures, and the first notch and the second notch are arranged opposite to each other. Along the extension direction of the tunnel, the plurality of first segment ring main bodies and the plurality of second segment ring main bodies are alternately spliced, the plurality of first bottom block groups and the plurality of second bottom block groups are alternately arranged, and the adjacent first bottom block groups and the second bottom block groups are spaced apart. The first segment ring main body includes two first inverted arch blocks located at the bottom and spaced apart to form the first notch, a first top block disposed opposite the first bottom block group installed in the first notch, and two first middle blocks respectively sandwiched between the first top block and the two first inverted arch blocks, wherein the first inverted block and the first middle block, and the first middle block and the first top block are both detachably connected. The second segment ring main body includes two second inverted arch blocks located at the bottom and spaced apart to form the second notch, a second top block disposed opposite the second bottom block group installed in the second notch, and two second middle blocks respectively sandwiched between the second top block and the two second inverted arch blocks, wherein the first inverted block and the second middle block, and the second middle block and the second top block are both detachably connected. The two first inverted arch blocks are spliced ​​with the two second inverted arch blocks respectively, the two first middle blocks are spliced ​​with the two second middle blocks respectively, and the first top block is spliced ​​with the second top block. When the damaged segment is located in the target second segment ring, the replacement method includes the following steps: Determining location information of the damaged segment based on monitoring data of the monitoring mechanism, wherein the location information includes a serial number of the target second segment ring and a serial number of the damaged segment; Install a horizontal jack at the second notch of the target second segment ring corresponding to the damaged block; Apply horizontal thrust using a jack, and when the main body of the target second segment ring undergoes annular deformation and creates enough space for the second bottom seal block group to move, remove the second bottom seal block group; Release the horizontal thrust of the jack, and remove the second top block, the second middle block, and the second inverted arch block from top to bottom and left to right, until the damaged block segment is removed; Replace the damaged segment and reassemble the second segment ring to complete the repair of the damaged segment; When the damaged segment is located in the target first segment ring, the replacement method includes the following steps: Determining location information of the damaged segment based on monitoring data of the monitoring mechanism, wherein the location information includes a serial number of the target first segment ring and a serial number of the damaged segment; First, use a jack to remove the two second segment rings adjacent to the target first segment ring, then use the jack to remove the target first segment ring, replace the damaged segment with a new segment, and reassemble the first segment ring to complete the repair of the damaged segment; After the new target first segment ring is assembled, the two dismantled second segment rings are assembled.

2. The replacement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The assembly steps of the first segment ring include: Position the two first inverted arch blocks and install a horizontal jack in the first gap formed by the two first inverted arch blocks. Install the first middle block and the first top block in sequence from bottom to top and crosswise. During the installation process, overlap and align the blocks and tighten the nuts to complete the splicing of the main body of the first segment ring. Use the horizontal jack to apply horizontal thrust. When the horizontal thrust increases to the predetermined thrust, tighten the nuts at the overlapping grooves of each segment and install the first bottom sealing segment group. The first segment ring assembly is completed. The assembly steps of the second segment ring include: First, install two adjacent first segment rings at the preset position; Then, the second segment ring is spliced ​​between the two adjacent first segment rings, and the second segment ring is spliced ​​with the two first segment rings on both sides, and is fastened with nuts to complete the assembly of the second segment ring.

3. The replacement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first middle block and the second middle block are composed of two or more unit blocks spliced ​​together.

4. The replacement method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first intermediate block includes a first side wall block and a first arch ring block that are spliced ​​together. The first side wall block is detachably connected to the first inverted arch block, and the first arch ring block is detachably connected to the first top block. Along the circumferential direction of the tunnel, the first inverted arch block on one side, the first side wall block on one side, the first arch ring block on one side, the first top block, the first arch ring block on the other side, the first side wall block on the other side, and the first inverted arch block on the other side are sequentially spliced ​​to form the first segment ring main body. The second intermediate block includes a second side wall block and a second arch ring block that are spliced ​​together. The second side wall block is detachably connected to the second inverted arch block, and the second arch ring block is detachably connected to the second top block. Along the circumferential direction of the tunnel, the second inverted arch block on one side, the second side wall block on one side, the second arch ring block on one side, the second top block, the second arch ring block on the other side, the second side wall block on the other side, and the second inverted arch block on the other side are spliced ​​in sequence to form the second segment ring main body.

5. The replacement method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first segment ring is a mirror-symmetrical structure, and the second segment ring is a mirror-symmetrical structure.

6. The replacement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third lining layer also includes a drainage component, which includes a longitudinal drainage ditch extending along the extension direction of the tunnel, and a plurality of annular drainage grooves formed by inward depressions from the surfaces of the plurality of first segment ring main bodies close to the second lining layer. The plurality of annular drainage grooves are connected to the longitudinal drainage ditch, wherein the first bottom block, the two first inverted arch blocks and the second lining layer together form a first drainage outlet, and the second bottom block, the two second inverted arch blocks and the second lining layer together form a second drainage outlet, and the plurality of first drainage outlets and the plurality of second drainage outlets are connected to form the longitudinal drainage ditch.

7. The replacement method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The first lining layer is a sprayed concrete layer, the second lining layer is a cast-in-place reinforced concrete layer, the first segment ring and the second segment ring are both integrally cast by reinforced concrete and a waterproof board, and the waterproof board is arranged adjacent to the second lining layer.

8. The replacement method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The monitoring mechanism includes a plurality of strain sensors and a plurality of water seepage sensors pre-buried in the third lining layer and communicatively connected to the monitoring system, wherein the first inverted arch block, the first intermediate block, the first top block of each of the first segment ring main body parts and the second inverted arch block, the second intermediate block, the second top block of each of the second segment ring main body parts are each installed with at least one strain sensor and at least one water seepage sensor.

9. The replacement method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The plurality of strain sensors and the plurality of water seepage sensors are all arranged on a side of the waterproof board away from the second lining layer.

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