Ballastless track fastener supporting state monitoring device based on optical fiber sensing

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of health monitoring of high-speed railway track structures, in particular to a ballastless track fastener supporting state monitoring device based on optical fiber sensing, which comprises a bearing assembly, an optical fiber sensing assembly and an optical fiber sensing assembly, and is characterized in that the bearing assembly comprises an elastic base plate and a through hole formed in the elastic base plate; the monitoring assembly comprises symmetrically arranged stress pieces, beam bodies arranged below the stress pieces respectively, mounting pieces arranged in the through holes and fixedly connected with the beam bodies respectively, and fiber bragg gratings arranged in the beam bodies. The device has the beneficial effects that the sensor is embedded into the inner cavity of the track fastener system, so that the direct influence of the external environment on the sensor is effectively prevented, the measurement accuracy and stability are improved, the service life of the sensor is greatly prolonged, and the maintenance cost is reduced; through the multiple sets of symmetrically-arranged beam bodies and the cushion blocks arranged at the two ends of the beam bodies correspondingly, when the internal structure of the track is abnormal, the state of the track structure is monitored in time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of high-speed railway track structure health monitoring, and in particular to a ballastless track fastener support state monitoring device based on optical fiber sensing. Background Art

[0002] In order to accurately measure the reaction force of the ballastless track support, piezoelectric load sensors are usually used. The main methods include the shear force method and the force pad method. However, piezoelectric load sensors are susceptible to severe interference from the external environment, such as vibration and impact from high-speed trains, which affects the accuracy of monitoring data. They also have limited ability to cope with complex environments such as extreme high temperatures, low temperatures, and high humidity. Their fatigue resistance is poor, and the sensor performance is easily damaged during service, resulting in measurement deviations. In addition, the use of piezoelectric load sensors in the force pad method requires slotting in the elastic pad, which changes the original integrity of the fastener system.

[0003] When using sensors to monitor the health of track structures in engineering, it is usually necessary to manually perform operations such as pasting or embedding in advance, which is cumbersome, time-consuming and labor-intensive. At present, the monitoring of track structures is mainly divided into on-board monitoring and ground monitoring. Traditional strain gauges are generally used to paste sensors or strain gauges at specific angles and positions on rails or wheels to form a Huygens bridge. These sensors or strain gauges are all exposed on the surface. During long-term service, the sensors are directly exposed to the external environment and may be subject to high-voltage shocks and mechanical damage generated by passing trains, as well as damage caused by rust, corrosion or changes in the shape of the rails. On actual operating lines, frequent maintenance and replacement of sensors not only increases operating costs, but also affects the normal operation and safety of the railway. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned technical problems that the sensors used in the existing track structure health monitoring have low life span and high cost, the present invention is proposed.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a ballastless track fastener support status monitoring device based on optical fiber sensing, which includes a load-bearing component, the load-bearing component includes an elastic pad and a through hole opened in the elastic pad; a monitoring component, the monitoring component includes symmetrically arranged force-bearing members, beams respectively arranged under each of the force-bearing members, mounting members arranged in the through holes and fixedly connected to each of the beams, and an optical fiber Bragg grating arranged inside the beam.

[0006] As a preferred solution of the ballastless track fastener support status monitoring device based on optical fiber sensing of the present invention, wherein: the mounting member includes a first mounting plate and a second mounting plate, and the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate are symmetrically arranged.

[0007] As a preferred solution of the ballastless track fastener support status monitoring device based on optical fiber sensing of the present invention, wherein: the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate are fixedly connected by a connecting member.

[0008] As a preferred solution of the ballastless track fastener support status monitoring device based on optical fiber sensing of the present invention, wherein: the two end points of the first mounting plate are respectively in contact with the inner wall of the through hole, and there is a gap between the first mounting plate and the inner wall of the through hole.

[0009] As a preferred solution of the ballastless track fastener support status monitoring device based on optical fiber sensing of the present invention, wherein: a plurality of the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate can be provided.

[0010] As a preferred solution of the ballastless track fastener support status monitoring device based on optical fiber sensing of the present invention, the beam body includes a first connecting beam and a second connecting beam, the first connecting beam is fixedly connected to the first mounting plate, and the second connecting beam is fixedly connected to the second mounting plate.

[0011] As a preferred solution of the ballastless track fastener support state monitoring device based on optical fiber sensing of the present invention, wherein: the force-bearing members are fixedly arranged above the first connecting beam and the second connecting beam respectively.

[0012] As a preferred solution of the ballastless track fastener support status monitoring device based on optical fiber sensing of the present invention, wherein: the first connecting beam includes a containing beam fixedly connected to the force-bearing member and a fixed beam movably arranged on the outer wall of the containing beam, and the fixed beam is fixedly connected to the first mounting plate.

[0013] As a preferred solution of the ballastless track fastener support status monitoring device based on optical fiber sensing of the present invention, wherein: the optical fiber Bragg grating position is located inside the containing beam.

[0014] As a preferred solution of the ballastless track fastener support status monitoring device based on optical fiber sensing of the present invention, wherein: an iron pad is fixedly provided on the end surface of the elastic pad, and the bottom of the iron pad is in contact with the top of the force-bearing member.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the ballastless track fastener support status monitoring device based on optical fiber sensing of the present invention are as follows: by embedding the sensor in the internal cavity of the track fastener system, not only the direct influence of the external environment on the sensor is effectively prevented, the measurement accuracy and stability are improved, but also the service life of the sensor is greatly extended and the maintenance cost is reduced; through multiple groups of symmetrically arranged beams and pads respectively placed at both ends of the beams, the status of the track structure can be monitored in time when an abnormality occurs in the internal structure of the track. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work. Among them:

[0017] Figure 1 It is an exploded view of the ballastless track fastener support status monitoring device based on optical fiber sensing in the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is an enlarged view of point A of the ballastless track fastener support status monitoring device based on optical fiber sensing in the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 It is a side sectional view of a monitoring component of a ballastless track fastener support status monitoring device based on optical fiber sensing in the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 It is a top view of the detection assembly of the ballastless track fastener support status monitoring device based on optical fiber sensing in the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 This is an enlarged view of point B of the ballastless track fastener support status monitoring device based on optical fiber sensing in the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 This is the principle diagram of fiber Bragg grating. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0024] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0025] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The term "in one embodiment" that appears in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0026] Example 1, reference Figure 1 to Figure 3, which is the first embodiment of the present invention, and provides a ballastless track fastener support state monitoring device based on optical fiber sensing, including a bearing assembly 100, the bearing assembly 100 includes an elastic pad 101 and a through hole 102 opened in the elastic pad 101;

[0027] The monitoring component 200 includes symmetrically arranged force-bearing members 201, beam bodies 203 respectively arranged under each force-bearing member 201, mounting members 202 arranged in the through holes 102 and respectively fixedly connected to each beam body 203, and a fiber grating 204 arranged inside the beam body 203.

[0028] Preferably, the fiber Bragg grating 204 is a bare optical fiber line with a grating engraved thereon, one end of which is externally connected to a data acquisition device, the data acquisition device comprising a signal sending module for sending a continuous spectrum optical signal (broadband light source or laser) and transmitting it to the fiber Bragg grating through a signal line, a data receiving module for collecting and receiving optical signals reflected by the fiber Bragg grating, a signal analysis module for processing and analyzing the reflected signal, a data conversion module for converting the wavelength change into an electrical signal and calculating the specific value of the strain, and a data communication module for transmitting data to an external central monitoring system or other data recording device through a wireless transmission function (Wi-Fi or Bluetooth) or various communication interfaces (such as USB, Ethernet, RS-232, etc.);

[0029] The data acquisition device is provided with a data transmission jack, which is connected to the fiber grating 204 through a signal line, and is used to process and convert the optical signal into an electrical signal for subsequent data analysis and processing.

[0030] A groove can be set on the mounting part 202 to embed the beam body 203, and it can be fixed by welding, bolt connection, pin connection, riveting and other methods; or an integral casting method can be adopted according to actual needs to achieve seamless connection between the metal ring and the beam body, thereby improving the integrity and structural strength of the component.

[0031] Preferably, different beam bodies 203 are respectively connected to the mounting member 202, and the geometric body formed by two or more mounting members 202 is inscribed in the through hole 102; that is, there is a certain gap between the mounting member 202 and the through hole 102, or only the "two ends" of the mounting member 202 are in contact with the through hole 102, but the shape of the "two ends" connecting the mounting member 202 cannot be an arc inscribed in the through hole 102.

[0032] Since the elastic pad 101 is made of rubber, it will be significantly deformed after being squeezed, and the shape of the through hole 102 will be changed. If the connection between the "two ends" of the mounting member 202 is an arc inscribed in the through hole 102, it will affect the pressure release of the elastic pad 101.

[0033] It should be noted that the monitoring component 200 needs to be calibrated in the laboratory before formal use. By inputting known standard values ​​into the fiber Bragg grating 204 and recording the sensor's response to these standard values, an accurate relationship between the sensor input and output is established, and the performance characteristics of the sensor, such as sensitivity, linearity, repeatability, etc., are understood. The sensor can then be adjusted or corrected as necessary to ensure that accurate measurement data can be provided in actual applications.

[0034] The sensing characteristics of the fiber Bragg grating 204 will change with the changes in the surrounding environment. When the external stress or ambient temperature changes, the effective refractive index and the grating period will change. The stress change will cause the resonant wavelength of the fiber Bragg grating to shift. The light that meets the Bragg phase matching condition will be reflected to the data acquisition device after passing through the fiber Bragg grating. On the contrary, the light that does not meet the condition will be transmitted. When the above-mentioned monitoring component and data acquisition device based on the fiber Bragg grating meet the phase matching condition, the fiber Bragg grating resonant wavelength, the grating resonant wavelength offset, and the strain change relationship are converted as shown in the following formula:

[0035] λ B =2n e T

[0036] Δλ B =2Δn e T+2n e ΔT

[0037]

[0038] Where: λB is the resonant wavelength of the fiber Bragg grating; ne is the effective refractive index of the fiber Bragg grating propagation mode; T is the grating period; ε is the test strain value; λ is the output wavelength; λ0 is the initial wavelength; K is the gauge factor.

[0039] It should be noted that there is a certain gap between the symmetrically arranged force-bearing members 201. When the force-bearing members 201 are subjected to the force transmitted by the deformation of the elastic pad 101, the deformation can be transmitted to the fiber grating 204 at the same time between the beams 203. Then:

[0040] When all the force-bearing members 201 are evenly stressed at the same time, and other internal and external components of the track such as the elastic pad 101 are not damaged or cracked, the symmetrically arranged force-bearing members 201 simultaneously exert force on the beam 203 below, thereby causing the fiber Bragg grating 204 to deform. At this time, the external data acquisition device can be used to compare with historical data or previously collected track health data to monitor whether the support reaction force of the ballastless track is abnormal;

[0041] When a track component cracks or breaks due to a major accident, the force transmitted downward from the elastic pad 101 to the load-bearing members 201 at different positions is unbalanced. That is, due to the damage to the track component, the force transmitted from the elastic pad 101 is received by only one of the load-bearing members 201, or the forces on the load-bearing members 201 are uneven, which leads to a change in the degree of strain generated by the fiber grating 204, and a large deviation from the historical data in the external data collector. At this time, it means that there is a serious problem with the track, which may be a serious accident such as uneven force points of train wheels, breakage of track components, etc., and the health of the track is seriously damaged.

[0042] In summary, this embodiment shows different data reflected by the monitoring device 200 under different force conditions, which can not only monitor the support reaction force of the ballastless track, but also monitor the health status of the track components in the ballastless track.

[0043] Example 2, reference Figure 1 to Figure 5 , which is the second embodiment of the present invention, further provides a ballastless track fastener support state monitoring device based on optical fiber sensing. The mounting member 202 includes a first mounting plate 202a and a second mounting plate 202b, and the first mounting plate 202a and the second mounting plate 202b are symmetrically arranged.

[0044] The mounting members 202 can be arranged in multiple groups in an array, and the first mounting plates 202a and the second mounting plates 202b in each different mounting member 202 are also arranged symmetrically. By arranging multiple groups of mounting members 202, the fulcrum reaction forces at different positions of the track component and the monitoring of the track health in Example 1 can be monitored.

[0045] The first mounting plate 202a and the second mounting plate 202b are fixedly connected via a connecting member.

[0046] It should be noted that the present embodiment adopts the form of four groups of mounting members 202, and the connecting members between the first mounting plate 202a and the second mounting plate 202b in the present embodiment are three first mounting plates 202a or three second mounting plates 202b.

[0047] Two end points of the first mounting plate 202 a are in contact with the inner wall of the through hole 102 , respectively, and there is a gap between the first mounting plate 202 a and the inner wall of the through hole 102 .

[0048] Preferably, for example, a set of symmetrical first mounting plates 202a and second mounting plates 202b in Example 1 is used, and the first mounting plates 202a and the second mounting plates 202b can form a rectangle, an irregular hexagon, etc., to ensure that the geometric body formed by the first mounting plates 202a and the second mounting plates 202b and the connecting member is inscribed in the through hole 102, but there is a certain gap between the first mounting plates 202a and the second mounting plates 202b and the inner wall of the through hole 102 to prevent the mounting member 202 from affecting the deformation of the elastic pad 101.

[0049] A plurality of first mounting plates 202a and second mounting plates 202b may be provided.

[0050] Preferably, the mounting parts 202 are designed differently according to the data to be monitored. The more mounting parts 202 there are, the more points for track monitoring there are, that is, the more accurate the measured data is. The staff can choose the number of mounting parts 202 according to the cost and demand.

[0051] An iron pad 103 is fixedly disposed on the end surface of the elastic pad 101 , and the iron pad 103 is in contact with the top of the force-bearing member 201 .

[0052] Preferably, a rail 104 is arranged above the iron pad 103, and a rail pad 105 is arranged between the rail 104 and the iron pad 103. Sleepers 106 are arranged on both sides of the rail 104, and a track plate 107 is fixedly arranged below the sleeper 106.

[0053] Furthermore, a certain gap is arranged between the first connecting beam 203a and the second connecting beam 203b. When the force-bearing member 201 receives the downward force from the rail 104, it is ensured that the deformation between the first connecting beam 203a and the second connecting beam 203b can be transmitted to the fiber grating 204 separately or simultaneously. In addition, compared with using only one beam body, the service life of the first connecting beam 203a and the second connecting beam 203b can also be enhanced.

[0054] The beam body 203 includes a first connecting beam 203a and a second connecting beam 203b. The first connecting beam 203a is fixedly connected to the first mounting plate 202a, and the second connecting beam 203b is fixedly connected to the second mounting plate 202b.

[0055] A force bearing member 201 is fixedly disposed above the first connecting beam 203a and the second connecting beam 203b, respectively.

[0056] The first connecting beam 203a includes a containing beam 203a-1 fixedly connected to the force-bearing member 201 and a fixed beam 203a-2 movably arranged on the outer wall of the containing beam 203a-1, and the fixed beam 203a-2 is fixedly connected to the first mounting plate 202a.

[0057] Preferably, the accommodating beam 203a-1 and the fixing beam 203a-2 are movably arranged, including:

[0058] The containing beam 203a-1 and the fixed beam 203a-2 are of sleeve-type design, that is, the fixed beam 203a-2 is fixed on the first mounting plate 202a, and the containing beam 203a-1 can be a plurality of sleeve-shaped, extending toward the center of the through hole 102, and adjacent sleeves can slide against each other, and high-strength and wear-resistant materials such as spring steel, high-strength alloy steel or composite materials are selected; further, a limiting structure is set inside the sleeve to ensure that the sleeve-type containing beam 203a-1 can be fixed at the required length when in different telescopic positions, and lubricant is added between the sleeve-type containing beams 203a-1 to reduce friction and prevent wear, and dust-proof measures are adopted to protect debris generated by wear between the sleeves due to telescopic expansion and contraction.

[0059] Preferably, the accommodating beam 203a-1 and the fixed beam 203a-2 are of folding design, and the accommodating beam 203a-1 and the fixed beam 203a-2 are hinged. One end of the fixed beam 203a-2 is still fixed to the first mounting plate 202a. The accommodating beam 203a-1 and the fixed beam 203a-2 or the accommodating beam 203a-2 itself can be folded and unfolded. Lightweight and high-strength materials such as aluminum alloy or carbon fiber composite materials are used.

[0060] Preferably, a telescopic rod and a sliding groove are designed between the accommodating beam 203a-1 and the fixed beam 203a-2, and the fixed beam 203a-2 remains unchanged and is still fixedly connected to the first mounting plate 202a. The accommodating beam 203a-1 is a telescopic rod, and the length of the fixed beam 203a-2 is extended so that the telescopic rod type accommodating beam 203a-1 can slide in the sliding groove type fixed rod 203a-2. Each section of the telescopic rod can be extended or retracted as needed, and a locking pin or a snap device is added between the accommodating beam 203a-1 and the fixed beam 203a-2 and the telescopic rod type accommodating beam 203a-1 to fix the telescopic rod type accommodating beam 203a-1.

[0061] It should be noted that the fixed beam 203a-2 and the accommodating beam 203a-1 may be flexibly connected. The staff may decide which type of flexibly connected is to be used during the design. The above three schemes proposed in this embodiment are not all flexibly connected types.

[0062] Furthermore, assuming that a concentrated force F is applied above the load-bearing member 201 of the beam, the length of the beam is L, the cross-sectional width is b, and the thickness is h. The relationship between the maximum bending stress, strain, and deformation of the beam and the thickness and length of the beam can be derived:

[0063] The maximum bending stress appears on the load-bearing member 201 and can be expressed as:

[0064] The maximum bending stress occurs at the fixed end and can be expressed as:

[0065]

[0066] in:

[0067] M max =F·L

[0068] M max is the maximum bending moment; σ max is the maximum bending stress

[0069]

[0070] c is the distance from the cross section to the neutral axis;

[0071]

[0072] I is the moment of inertia of the area; therefore, the maximum bending stress is:

[0073]

[0074] Maximum bending strain:

[0075]

[0076] The deflection (maximum displacement) occurs at the free end and can be expressed as:

[0077]

[0078] The rotation angle θ of the force bearing member 201 can be expressed as:

[0079]

[0080] During production design, the corresponding values ​​are substituted according to the actual situation, and the specific dimensions of the detection device are designed using the above formula.

[0081] The fiber grating 204 is located inside the accommodating beam 203a-1.

[0082] Preferably, according to the above description, the thickness of the accommodating beam is denoted as h, Figure 5 For example, the area from 0 to h / 2 above the accommodating beam 203a-1 is the compression zone 203c; the area from h / 2 is the neutral layer 203e, and the area from h / 2 to h is the tension zone 203d.

[0083] When the beam is bent, the portion below the neutral layer 203e (tensile zone 203d) will be subjected to tensile stress.

[0084] If the fiber Bragg grating is buried in this area, the sensitivity of the fiber Bragg grating will be higher, because the tensile strain will cause the optical fiber to stretch, causing the wavelength of the fiber Bragg grating to change significantly. This change is easy to detect and the measurement accuracy is high.

[0085] Larger strain: The strain in the tensile strain zone is usually larger, which is suitable for detecting smaller strain changes and is beneficial for fine monitoring.

[0086] Not susceptible to compression failure: Fiber Bragg gratings are not susceptible to damage or failure of the fiber due to compression when in tension.

[0087] When the cantilever beam is bent, the area above the neutral layer 203e is a compression area 203c, and the area below the neutral layer 203e is a tension area 203d. The magnitude of the strain increases gradually from the neutral layer upwards to downwards.

[0088] In summary, in order to obtain effective strain data, the fiber Bragg grating 204 is placed in the tension zone 203d in this embodiment, but it should not be too close to the edge of the beam. For a beam with a rectangular cross-section, the neutral layer is usually located at the geometric center of the cross-section. If the thickness of the beam is h, then the distance from the neutral layer to the beam surface is h / 2. The fiber Bragg grating can be buried at a position 1 / 6 to 1 / 4 of the thickness below the neutral layer, that is, 1 / 3h to 1 / 4h from the lower surface. This can avoid being close to the neutral layer 203e and resulting in smaller strains, and can also avoid being close to the edge and being easily affected or damaged by the external environment.

[0089] Preferably, a wiring hole 205 is provided on the side wall of the mounting member 202, a wiring groove 205a communicating with the wiring hole 205 is provided inside the mounting member 202; a buried wiring groove 205b communicating with the wiring groove 205a is provided inside the beam body 203;

[0090] It should be noted that the buried cable groove 205b is flexibly matched with the thickness of the fiber grating 204; the opening position of the buried cable groove 205b is the same as the buried position of the fiber grating 204, both are located at a distance of 1 / 6 to 1 / 4 thickness below the neutral layer, that is, 1 / 3h to 1 / 4h from the lower surface.

[0091] In summary, after the staff connects one end of the multiple fiber gratings 204 to the external data acquisition device, after passing all the multiple fiber gratings 204 through the wiring hole 205, each fiber grating 204 is passed through the wiring groove 205a, and each fiber grating 204 is buried in the buried groove 205b inside each beam body 203, the arrangement of the fiber grating 204 can be completed. Finally, the mounting part 202 is installed in the through hole 102 inside the elastic pad 101, and the external data acquisition device can be connected through the fiber grating 204 to monitor the reaction force of the track support and the health of the track.

[0092] Importantly, it should be noted that the construction and arrangement of the present application shown in a plurality of different exemplary embodiments are only exemplary. Although only a few embodiments are described in detail in this disclosure, it should be readily understood by those who refer to this disclosure that many modifications are possible (e.g., the size, scale, structure, shape and proportion of various elements, and parameter values ​​(e.g., temperature, pressure, etc.), installation arrangement, use of materials, color, directional changes, etc.) without substantially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter described in the application. For example, the element shown as integrally formed can be composed of multiple parts or elements, the position of the element can be inverted or otherwise changed, and the nature or number or position of the discrete element can be changed or changed. Therefore, all such modifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention. The order or sequence of any process or method steps can be changed or reordered according to alternative embodiments. In the claims, any "device plus function" clause is intended to cover the structure of performing the function described herein, and is not only structurally equivalent but also equivalent structure. Without departing from the scope of the present invention, other replacements, modifications, changes and omissions can be made in the design, operating conditions and arrangement of the exemplary embodiments. Therefore, the invention is not limited to a specific embodiment, but extends to numerous modifications still falling within the scope of the appended claims.

[0093] Additionally, in order to provide a concise description of exemplary embodiments, all features of an actual embodiment (ie, those features that are not relevant to the best mode presently contemplated for carrying out the invention or those that are not relevant to implementing the invention) may not be described.

[0094] It will be appreciated that in the development of any actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions may be made. Such a development effort may be complex and time-consuming, but will be a routine task of design, fabrication, and production for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure without undue experimentation.

[0095] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ballastless track fastener support status monitoring device based on optical fiber sensing, characterized in that: include, A bearing assembly (100) comprises an elastic pad (101) and a through hole (102) opened in the elastic pad (101); The monitoring assembly (200) comprises symmetrically arranged force-bearing members (201), beam bodies (203) respectively arranged below each of the force-bearing members (201), mounting members (202) arranged in the through holes (102) and respectively fixedly connected to each of the beam bodies (203), and optical fiber gratings (204) arranged inside the beam bodies (203).

2. The ballastless track fastener support status monitoring device based on optical fiber sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting member (202) comprises a first mounting plate (202a) and a second mounting plate (202b), wherein the first mounting plate (202a) and the second mounting plate (202b) are symmetrically arranged.

3. The ballastless track fastener support status monitoring device based on optical fiber sensing as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The first mounting plate (202a) and the second mounting plate (202b) are fixedly connected via a connecting member.

4. The ballastless track fastener support status monitoring device based on optical fiber sensing as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The two end points of the first mounting plate (202a) are in contact with the inner wall of the through hole (102) respectively, and there is a gap between the first mounting plate (202a) and the inner wall of the through hole (102).

5. The ballastless track fastener support status monitoring device based on optical fiber sensing as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: A plurality of the first mounting plate (202a) and the second mounting plate (202b) may be provided.

6. The ballastless track fastener support status monitoring device based on optical fiber sensing according to claim 5, characterized in that: The beam body (203) comprises a first connecting beam (203a) and a second connecting beam (203b), wherein the first connecting beam (203a) is fixedly connected to the first mounting plate (202a), and the second connecting beam (203b) is fixedly connected to the second mounting plate (202b).

7. The ballastless track fastener support status monitoring device based on optical fiber sensing according to claim 6, characterized in that: The force bearing members (201) are respectively fixedly arranged above the first connecting beam (203a) and the second connecting beam (203b).

8. The ballastless track fastener support status monitoring device based on optical fiber sensing according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first connecting beam (203a) comprises a containing beam (203a-1) fixedly connected to the force-bearing member (201) and a fixed beam (203a-2) movably arranged on the outer wall of the containing beam (203a-1), and the fixed beam (203a-2) is fixedly connected to the first mounting plate (202a).

9. The ballastless track fastener support status monitoring device based on optical fiber sensing according to claim 8, characterized in that: The optical fiber grating (204) is located inside the accommodating beam (203a-1).

10. The ballastless track fastener support status monitoring device based on optical fiber sensing according to claim 9, characterized in that: An iron pad (103) is fixedly arranged on the end surface of the elastic pad (101), and the bottom of the iron pad (103) is in contact with the top of the force-bearing member (201).

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